An Assessment of Timber Product Output and Use, 2007
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Wood Research Manufacture of Medium Density Fiberboard (Mdf) Panels from Agribased Lignocellulosic Biomass
WOOD RESEARCH 62 (4): 2017 615-624 MANUFACTURE OF MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD (MDF) PANELS FROM AGRIBASED LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS Mehmet Akgül Necmettin Erbakan University, Seydisehirahmet Cengiz Faculty of Engineering Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Konya, Turkey Birol Uner Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry Department of Forest Products Engineering Isparta Turkey Osman Çamlibel Kirikkale University, Kirikkale Vocational School, Department of Materials and Materials Processing Technology Yahsihan/Kirikkale, Turkey Ümit Ayata Atatürk Üniversity, Oltu Vocational School, Department of Forestry and Forest Products Oltu/Erzurum, Turkey (Received January 2016) ABSTRACTS Lignocellulosics fibers and commercially-manufactured-chip (Pinus sylvestris L., Fagus orientalis and Quercus robur L.) with 11% moisture conten twere used for the experiment. The mixingratios of lignocellulosics fibers was 20% which is from okra and tobaccos talks, hazelnut and walnuts hell, and pinecone for each mixture in preformed panel and commercially- manufactured-chip was 100 % for the control sample. A commercial ureaformaldehyde (UF) adhesive was used as a binder. The physical and mechanical properties such as density, thickness swelling (TS), bending strength (BS), modulus elasticity (MOE), internalbond (IB), screw holding ability (SHA) perpendicular to the plane of panel, Janka hardness perpendicular to the plane of panel properties of MDF were measured.The results indicated that all the panels met the general purpose-use requirements of TS-EN. Thus, our results suggest that biomass from different sources can be an alternative raw material for MDF manufacturing process. KEYWORDS: Lignocellulosic biomass, MDF, physical and mechanical properties. 615 WOOD RESEARCH INTRODUCTION The demand in forest products industry is increasing with population and new product development. -
Properties of Western Larch and Their Relation to Uses of the Wood
TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 285 MARCH, 1932 PROPERTIES OF WESTERN LARCH AND THEIR RELATION TO USES OF THE WOOD BY R. P. A. JOHNSON Engineer, Forest Products Laboratory AND M. I. BRADNER In Charge^ Office of Forest Products y Region I Branch of Research, Forest Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C. TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 285 MARCH, 1932 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D. C. PROPERTIES OF WESTERN LARCH AND THEIR RELATION TO USES OF THE WOOD By R. P. A. JOHNSON, Engineer, Forest Products Laboratory^^ and M. I. BRADNER, in Charge, Office of Forest Products, Region 1, Branch of Research, Forest Service * CONTENTS Page Page Introduction 1 Mechanical and physical properties—Con. The larch-fir mixture 2 Resistance to decay, weathering, and Character and range of the western larch insects 39 forest __ 4 Reaction to preservative treatment 42 Occurrence 4 Heat and insulating properties 42 Character 4 Permeability by liquids 42 Size of stand 7 Tendency to impart odor or ñavor___:. _. 43 Cut and supply 9 Tendency to leach or exude extractives. _ 43 Merchandising practices 10 Chemical properties 43 distribution lO Fire resistance ., 43 Percentage of cut going into various lum- Characteristic defects of western larch 44 ber items 12 Natural defects 44 Descriptive properties of western larch 13 Seasoning defects 46 General description of the wood 13 Manufacturing defects 47 Heartwood content of lumber 13 Grades and their characteristics 47 Growth rings 14 Grade yield and production 48 Summer-wood content 14 Heartwood content 50 Figure. 14 Width of rings 50 How to distinguish western larch from other Grade descriptions . -
Glulam Sizes and Shapes Can Help Desigggners Meet Their Most Demanding Architectural and Structural Requirements Using Numerous Innovative Design Examples
WoodWorks Webinar “The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The Decem ber 11, 2013 AmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to Glued Laminated Timber – An AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA Innovative and Versatile members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This p rog ra m is r egiste r ed wi th AIA/CES foocotr continu in gpoessoag professional Engineered Wood Composite education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any Product material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Tom Williamson, P.E. Timber Engineering LLC QQp,,uestions related to specific materials, methods, and services will FASCE, FSEI be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Retired Vice President, APA FEtiVPAITCFormer Executive VP, AITC Learning Objectives 1. To illustrate how the flexibility of glulam sizes and shapes can help desigggners meet their most demanding architectural and structural requirements using numerous innovative design examples. Copyright Materials 2. To familiarize designers with how to properly select and specify glulam incorporating relevant industry standards and codes. This presentation is protected by US and 3. To provide design professionals with an overview of key design International Copyright laws. Reproduction, considerations that must be considered to ensure both the structural distribution, display and use of the presentation performance and long-term durability of glulam structures. without written permission of the speaker is 4. -
Douglasfirdouglasfirfacts About
DouglasFirDouglasFirfacts about Douglas Fir, a distinctive North American tree growing in all states from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, is probably used for more Beams and Stringers as well as Posts and Timber grades include lumber and lumber product purposes than any other individual species Select Structural, Construction, Standard and Utility. Light Framing grown on the American Continent. lumber is divided into Select Structural, Construction, Standard, The total Douglas Fir sawtimber stand in the Western Woods Region is Utility, Economy, 1500f Industrial, and 1200f Industrial grades, estimated at 609 billion board feet. Douglas Fir lumber is used for all giving the user a broad selection from which to choose. purposes to which lumber is normally put - for residential building, light Factory lumber is graded according to the rules for all species, and and heavy construction, woodwork, boxes and crates, industrial usage, separated into Factory Select, No. 1 Shop, No. 2 Shop and No. 3 poles, ties and in the manufacture of specialty products. It is one of the Shop in 5/4 and thicker and into Inch Factory Select and No. 1 and volume woods of the Western Woods Region. No. 2 Shop in 4/4. Distribution Botanical Classification In the Western Douglas Fir is manufactured by a large number of Western Woods Douglas Fir was discovered and classified by botanist David Douglas in Woods Region, Region sawmills and is widely distributed throughout the United 1826. Botanically, it is not a true fir but a species distinct in itself known Douglas Fir trees States and foreign countries. Obtainable in straight car lots, it can as Pseudotsuga taxifolia. -
Wood-Based Composite Materials Panel Products, Glued-Laminated Timber, Structural Composite Lumber, and Wood–Nonwood Composite Materials Nicole M
CHAPTER 11 Wood-Based Composite Materials Panel Products, Glued-Laminated Timber, Structural Composite Lumber, and Wood–Nonwood Composite Materials Nicole M. Stark, Research Chemical Engineer Zhiyong Cai, Supervisory Research Materials Engineer Charles Carll, Research Forest Products Technologist The term composite is being used in this chapter to describe Contents any wood material adhesively bonded together. Wood-based Scope 11–2 composites encompass a range of products, from fiberboard Conventional Wood-Based Composite Panels 11–2 to laminated beams. Wood-based composites are used for a number of nonstructural and structural applications in prod- Elements 11–2 uct lines ranging from panels for interior covering purposes Adhesives 11–3 to panels for exterior uses and in furniture and support struc- Additives 11–5 tures in buildings (Fig. 11–1). Maloney (1986) proposed Plywood 11–5 a classification system to logically categorize the array of wood-based composites. The classification in Table 11-1 Oriented Strandboard 11–7 reflects the latest product developments. Particleboard 11–10 The basic element for wood-based composites is the fiber, Fiberboard 11–12 with larger particles composed of many fibers. Elements Speciality Composite Materials 11–15 used in the production of wood-based composites can be Performance and Standards 11–15 made in a variety of sizes and shapes. Typical elements in- Glulam Timber 11–17 clude fibers, particles, flakes, veneers, laminates, or lumber. Figure 11–2 shows the variation and relative size of wood Advantages 11–17 elements. Element size and geometry largely dictate the Types of Glulam Combinations 11–17 product manufactured and product performance. -
Wood-Based Panel Plant Locations and Timber Availability in Selected U.S
United States Department of Agriculture Wood-Based Panel Plant Forest Service Locations and Timber Forest Products Laboratory Availability in Selected General Technical Report U.S. States FPL–GTR–103 Tim McKeever Henry Spelter ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★ ★ ★★ ★★ ★ ★ ★★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Abstract Contents This report lists wood-based panel industry plant locations, Page production capacities, timber inventories, and wood costs for 24 U.S. states. Industry sectors covered include medium- Introduction................................................................1 density fiberboard, particleboard, softwood plywood, and oriented strandboard. Maps of major forest producing states show plant locations and the underlying density of timber Methods ....................................................................1 stocking by county. The study relates physical measures of timber availability to market measures of timber scarcity Results and Discussion.................................................2 and draws inferences about the potential of selected states to increase timber output at their present rate of forest productivity. Summary of Timber Availability and Costs .....................4 Keywords: Oriented strandboard, plywood, particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, capacity References..................................................................5 Appendix—Panel Plant Capacity and Timber Inventory by State ...................................................5 February 1998 McKeever, Tim; Spelter, Henry. -
4-H Wood Science Leader Guide Glossary of Woodworking Terms
4-H Wood Science Leader Guide Glossary of Woodworking Terms A. General Terms B. Terms Used in the Lumber Industry d—the abbreviation for “penny” in designating nail boards—Lumber less than 2 inches in nominal size; for example, 8d nails are 8 penny nails, 2½” long. thickness and 1 inch and wider in width. fiber—A general term used for any long, narrow cell of board foot—A measurement of wood. A piece of wood wood or bark, other than vessels. that is 1 foot long by 1 foot wide by 1 inch thick. It can also be other sizes that have the same total amount grain direction—The direction of the annual rings of wood. For example, a piece of wood 2 feet long, showing on the face and sides of a piece of lumber. 6 inches wide, and 1 inch thick; or a piece 1 foot long, hardwood—Wood from a broad leaved tree and 6 inches wide, and 2 inches thick would also be 1 board characterized by the presence of vessels. (Examples: foot. To get the number of board feet in a piece of oak, maple, ash, and birch.) lumber, measure your lumber and multiply Length (in feet) x Width (in feet) x Thickness (in inches). The heartwood—The older, harder, nonliving portion of formula is written: wood. It is usually darker, less permeable, and more durable than sapwood. T” x W’ x L’ T” x W’ x L’ = Board feet or = Board feet 12 kiln dried—Wood seasoned in a humidity and temperature controlled oven to minimize shrinkage T” x W’ x L’ or = Board feet and warping. -
Timber Products Output
TIMBER PRODUCTS OUTPUT (TPO): FOREST INVENTORY, TIMBER HARVEST, MILL AND LOGGING RESIDUE- ESSENTIAL FEEDSTOCK INFORMATION NEEDED TO CHARACTERIZE THE NARA SUPPLY CHAIN Authors ORGANIZATION University of Montana Bureau of Erik Berg Business and Economic Research University of Montana Bureau of Todd Morgan Business and Economic Research University of Montana Bureau of Eric Simmons Business and Economic Research COMPLETED 2016 TIMBER PRODUCTS OUTPUT (TPO): FOREST INVENTORY, TIMBER HARVEST, MILL AND LOGGING RESIDUE- ESSENTIAL FEEDSTOCK INFORMATION NEEDED TO CHARACTERIZE THE NARA SUPPLY CHAIN | FINAL REPORT 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................... 3 LIST OF TABLES....................................................................... 3 LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................ 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 5 TASK 1: TIMBER HARVEST AND INVENTORY VOLUMES IN THE NARA FOUR-STATE AREA ....................................... 6 TASK 2: PRODUCTION AND USES OF MILL RESIDUES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST ............................................ 9 TASK 3: CHARACTERIZING LOGGING RESIDUE VOLUMES AND BIOMASS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST .................. 11 NARA OUTPUTS .................................................................... 22 NARA OUTCOMES ................................................................. 26 -
Wood Products Taxonomy
THEN NOW Wood Products Taxonomy WOOD Composites Solid Wood Engineered Panels Lumber Softwood Hardwood Composites Glued Treated Lumber Lumber (ELC) Wood/ Wood LVL Boards Finger joined CCA treated Hardwood Non-wood Based Wood/ Particleboard OSL Dimension Edge glued Fire retardant Cement MDF Timber Glulam Plywood MSR Engineered Wood Products OSB I-Beams Roof trusses “A New Taxonomy of Wood Products” 1996 David Cohen, Simon Ellis, Robert Kozak and Bill Wilson Canadian Forest Service FRDA II Working Paper 96.05, Victoria, BC, 56pp Commercial introduction for major wood products Laminated Strand Lumber Parallel Strand Lumber CCA-treated Lumber Wood I-Beam Lumber Laminated Veneer Lumber Light Frame Trusses Glue Laminated Lumber MSR Lumber 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Plywood Particleboard Waferboard Medium Density Fiberboard Panels Oriented Strand Board Wood Products • Primary – most (but not all) are structural products used in construction of residential and non-residential buildings • Secondary – non-structural products used in the finishing and furnishing of these buildings • Tertiary – support services including equipment manufacture, software development, education, marketing Wood Products Taxonomy WOOD Composites Solid Wood Engineered Panels Lumber Softwood Hardwood Composites Glued Treated Lumber Lumber (ELC) Wood/ Wood LVL Boards Finger joined CCA treated Hardwood Non-wood Based Wood/ Particleboard OSL Dimension Edge glued Fire retardant Cement MDF Timber Glulam Plywood MSR Engineered Wood Products OSB I-Beams Roof trusses Boards • 1” thick material, width – increments of 2” • finished, non-structural • markets are: export, industrial, home center • NA production likely to increase Boards BC Wood Specialties Dimension Lumber • 2x4, 2x6, 2x8 construction lumber • majority of lumber produced in North America • NA production grown 1.4% p.a. -
Hardwood Trees
Tree Identification Guide for Common Native Trees of Nova Scotia Before you Start! • To navigate through this presentation you must use the buttons at the bottom of your screen or select from the underlined choices. • The following presentation includes most of Nova Scotia’s commercial tree species. There are far too many other non-commercial species to cover in this presentation. Please refer to the books listed on the following page for more information. References • Trees of Nova Scotia – Gary Saunders • Native Trees of Canada –R.C. Rosie • Silvics of Forest Trees of the United States – US Department of Agriculture Main Menu Softwood Softwood Key Hardwood Hardwood Key Glossary Glossary of Terms Main Menu Alternate leaf arrangement - one of two kinds of arrangements of leaves along shoots of hardwoods; in this case the leaves appear at staggered intervals along the shoot. Bark - The outer covering of the trunk and branches of a tree, usually corky, papery or leathery. Bud - rounded or conical structures at tips of (terminal buds), or along (lateral or auxiliary buds) stems or branches, usually covered tightly in protective scales and containing a preformed shoot (with leaves), or a preformed inflorescence (with flowers). May or may not be on a stalk. Clear cut - a silvicultural system that removes an entire stand of trees from an area of one hectare or more, and greater that two tree heights in width, in a single harvesting operation. Compound leaf - a leaf divided into smaller leaflets. Cone - in botany, a reproductive structure bearing seeds (seed cone) or pollen (pollen cone) in conifers. -
INDENTATION HARDNESS of WOOD J. Doyle1 and J. C. F. Walker School of Forestry, University of Canterbury Christchurch 1, New Zealand (Received March 1984)
INDENTATION HARDNESS OF WOOD J. Doyle1 and J. C. F. Walker School of Forestry, University of Canterbury Christchurch 1, New Zealand (Received March 1984) ABSTRACT An historical background to hardness testing of wood is given, and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used are reviewed. A new method, using a wedge indenter, is suggested and a rationale presented that includes discussion of the deformation patterns beneath indenting tools. Keywords: Ball, Brinell, cone, cylinder, hardness, Janka, Meyer, Monnin, wedge. INTRODUCTION Hardness testing of wood has made little progress since Janka (1 906). Although there have been many studies leading to a variety of tests, there are shortcomings with all of them. Furthermore, the various hardness values are not easily com- parable one to another and do not allow comparison with those for other materials, where testing procedures have a more rational basis. The wedge test that we advocate does allow for comparison with other materials while also taking account of wood anisotropy. Hardness implies the ability of a body to resist deformation. In a typical test a hard tool of known geometry is forced into the body, and the hardness is defined as the ratio of the applied force to the size of the indentation. This size depends on whether it is determined under load or on unloading. With elastic materials it is determined under load as there will be little or no permanent deformation, whereas with plastic materials the size of the permanent indentation is measured (Tabor 195 1). With wood there are difficulties in measuring the impression, especially for shallow indentations where the imprint is indistinct. -
South Carolina's Forest Resources—2000 Update
United States Department of South Carolina's Agriculture Forest Service Forest Resources—2000 Update Southern Research Station Roger C. Conner and Raymond M. Sheffield Resource Bulletin SRS–65 PIEDMONT NORTHERN COASTAL PLAIN SOUTHERN COASTAL PLAIN The Authors: Roger C. Conner is a Research Forester and Raymond M. Sheffield is a Supervisory Research Forester with the Forest Inventory and Analysis Research Work Unit, Southern Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Asheville, NC 28802. December 2001 Southern Research Station P.O. Box 2680 Asheville, NC 28802 Foreword This bulletin highlights the initial results of an annual inventory of South Carolina’s forest resources. Annual inventories of the Nation’s forests are mandated by the Agricultural Research Extension and Education Reform Act of 1998 (1998 Farm Bill). The current annual forest inventory program has several new features: (1) a nationally consistent, fixed-radius, four-point plot configuration; (2) a systematic national sampling design featuring a base grid derived by subdividing the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program grid into approximately 6,000-acre hexagons; (3) integration of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) and Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) sampling designs; (4) annual measurement of a fixed proportion of permanent FIA/FHM plots in each State; (5) reporting of data or data summaries within 6 months of completion of a year’s sampling; (6) a default 5-year moving average estimator, with provisions for optional estimators based on techniques for updating information; and (7) State inventory reports every 5 years. For additional information, you may access the national FIA Web site at http://fia.fs.fed.us/.