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The Dispute Over the Annexation of Texas and Opposition to the Mexican War Prior to Texas's Independence, the Nueces River Was R
American Studies Mr. Carlson The Dispute over the Annexation of Texas and opposition to the Mexican War Prior to Texas's independence, the Nueces River was recognized as the northern boundary of Mexico. Spain had fixed the Nueces as a border in 1816, and the United States ratified it in the 1819 treaty by which the United States had purchased Florida and renounced claims to Texas. Even following Mexico's independence from Spain, American and European cartographers fixed the Texas border at the Nueces. When Texas declared its independence, however, it claimed as its territory an additional 150 miles of land, to the Rio Grande. With the annexation of Texas in 1845, the United States adopted Texas's position and claimed the Rio Grande as the border. Mexico broke diplomatic relations with the United States and refused to recognize either the Texas annexation or the Rio Grande border. President James Polk sent a special envoy, John L. Slidell, to propose cancellation of Mexico's debt to United States citizens who had incurred damages during the Mexican Revolution, provided Mexico would formally recognize the Rio Grande boundary. Slidell was also authorized to offer the Mexican government up to $30 million for California and New Mexico. Between Slidell's arrival on December 6, 1845, and his departure in March 1846, the regime of President Jose Herrara was overthrown and a fervently nationalistic government under General Mariano Paredes seized power. Neither leader would speak to Slidell. When Paredes publicly reaffirmed Mexico's claim to all of Texas, Slidell left in a temper, convinced that Mexico should be "chastised." American Studies Mr. -
Image Credits
the exclusive roster of conferees points to the fact that the honor remains one of the few ways the United States gov- NOTES ernment can acknowledge a foreigner’s contribution to the nation and/or to mankind. The congressional joint resolu- 1. T. Lawrence Larkin, “A ‘Gift’ Strategically tion clearly enumerated Gálvez’s contributions: he led a truly Solicited and Magnanimously Conferred: The multi-national military force to strategically significant American Congress, the French Monarchy, and the victories against Great Britain during the Revolutionary State Portraits of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette,” War; he later served the cause of science as viceroy of New Winterthur Portfolio 44, no. 1 (2010): 31–75; Larkin, Spain by sponsoring hydrographic expeditions of the Gulf “Final Report for Research Undertaken with the Aid of Mexico; his name has been given to several localities in of the U.S. Capitol Historical Society, April–June Texas and Louisiana; and the state of Florida named him a 2000,” Research Files, USCHS. “Great Floridian” in 2012. 2.James Alton James, “Oliver Pollock, Financier of In the spring of 2014, Representative Jeff Miller (FL) the Revolution in the West,” Mississippi Valley His- introduced H.J. Res. 105 in the House, and Senator Marco torical Review, 16, no. 1(June 1929): 67–80; Robert Rubio (FL) introduced S.J. Res. 38 in the Senate, to confer Morris to Bernardo de Gálvez, 21 Nov. 1781, in honorary United States citizenship on Gálvez. As president E. James Ferguson and John Catanzariti, eds., The general of the Sons of the American Revolution, I wrote a Papers of Robert Morris, 1781-1784 (9 vols., Pitts- letter to every member of the House Foreign Affairs Com- burgh, PA, 1980–99), 2:221–22. -
The Axis and Allied Maritime Operations Around Southern Africa, 1939-1945
THE AXIS AND ALLIED MARITIME OPERATIONS AROUND SOUTHERN AFRICA, 1939-1945 Evert Philippus Kleynhans Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Military Science (Military History) in the Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof I.J. van der Waag Co-supervisor: Dr E.K. Fedorowich December 2018 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: December 2018 Copyright © 2018 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract The majority of academic and popular studies on the South African participation in the Second World War historically focus on the military operations of the Union Defence Force in East Africa, North Africa, Madagascar and Italy. Recently, there has been a renewed drive to study the South African participation from a more general war and society approach. The South African home front during the war, and in particular the Axis and Allied maritime war waged off the southern African coast, has, however, received scant historical attention from professional and amateur historians alike. The historical interrelated aspects of maritime insecurity evident in southern Africa during the war are largely cast aside by contemporary academics engaging with issues of maritime strategy and insecurity in southern Africa. -
Greenberg – a Wicked
POLK, CLAY, LINCOLN, AND THE 1846 U.S. INVASION OF MEXICO WICKED WAR AMY S. GREENBERG I do not think there was ever a more wicked war than that waged by the United States on Mexico. I thought so at the time, when I was a youngster, only I had not moral courage enough to resign. —ULYSSES S. GRANT, 1879 Introduction THIS is THE STORY of five men, four years, and one foreign war. Henry Clay, James K. Polk, Abraham Lincoln, John J. Hardin, and Nicholas Trist were bound together in unexpected political and personal battle during the years 1844-48 as AmericaVwar against Mexico unfolded, then stumbled to an end. That conflict, which breached George Washington's injunction to avoid entanglements abroad, was an act of expansionist aggression against a neighboring country. It reshaped the United States into lord of the continent and announced the arrival of a new world power. TheJJ.S.-Mexican conflict also tipped an internecine struggle over slaveryjnto civil war. Though both Its justification and its consequences are dim now, this, America's first wgr against another republic, decisively broke with the past, shaped the future, and to this day affects how the United States acts in the world. This is also a story about politics, slavery, Manifest Destiny, Indian kill- ing, and what it meant to prove one's manhood in the nineteenth century. It explores the meaning of moral courage injVmerica, the importance of legacies passed between generations, and the imperatives that turn politi- cians into leaders. And it attempts to explain why the United States invaded a neighboring country and how it came to pass that a substantial number of Americans determined to stop the ensuing war. -
LEGS’ DIAMOND, Stances Affecting Nationad Invest Through Constructive Financing Amd Berlin, Oct
? .■ '-^2 ^ r -1% V' -i Y rrS. I 't - It -S »• f T -4 — jf* f ♦ • r'«t" v>'“' ' . MSVIVBBSmiN 4« » Va >» •^ii* iv 1 A/ A fVUtifeL DAILY GISGULATIOV JV-s* for'tiie Month of September, 1 9 S0 I.... p.. ■ Innrsis tng - sjowdlBest, a et .«a^i^. ;’, V- *a.»2u V so tool jm ibalU fy :>*' •“V b y sbowen Me ionMit or Tnes* I v., c IW'‘.iTir- Members of the Audit Barean Vf, vT- , , of OrenlsSons.' u C ,h •» . t »J» * • •.• . - . j i ’A. ‘ »_________ . ................l>’^ -3' m'K- ^ lW’"i;, ~ ■. '•WiE.WsiLfS +■ I O f , ■» •* , -V t. #. —_ S O C tH ^ lilO|911i)cY, OC?rOMR .13, 1030. •hVBILVB ?A €jB r ‘ PRICE THBIIE C E N lt 1:^4 , yOL. XLV., NO. 11. (Oassilled AdrertlBins on Page It) u*s- 1 rS-T? V- WEATHER MAPS TALCOTTVILIl NEW INVENTION T he.M enacing: M uzzlie of ^.IJnele San»?i * rest G iin Atlantic Skippers May Now HANISKILtED Know Conditions All Alongr the Ocean Routes. ^ '• iimM'm- GOINGJOWORK New York, Oct. 13—(AP)— Samples of a north Atlantic weather map which would en able ship captains to tell at a glance toe weather conditions John McKofle Meets Death at any point in their course Fascists' WiMbws, were brought back to New York today by Charles J. Pan- Instantly When Hit by nill, vice president of toe Radio- Distege Pistols and mtuine Corporation. He has been arranging with weather Automobile Driven by bureaus abroad for co-operation F^kt on Streets — hside in preparing toe service. -
Blooms Hilton Als
Blooms Hilton Als Taken together, Julian Schnabel’s canvases are a garden illuminated by perception, which is all Gertrude Stein’s “Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose” was about—how we look at what we look at, how to make seeing into words. Schnabel’s masterly Rose Paintings series, exe- cuted in 2015–17, are blooms that will never die on the vine, let alone the vine of thought. The works are a description of the ephemeral—flowers as forces in nature that expire to blossom again. By using materials meant to last—oil, paint, Bondo on wood—Schnabel creates concrete forms out of that which is meant to return to the ground. In these works, he excavates flowers, those captives of time that die with time, and makes them timeless, in pictures that draw on nature to make of it what the artist will—and does. Schnabel makes paintings that are illustrative of his nature. The artist first attracted widespread attention more than three decades ago for work that was unlike anything else, because the Brooklyn-born Schnabel’s point of view has always been unlike anyone else’s. His eye is a rose. In paintings ranging from Self Portrait in Andy’s Shadow (1987) to the Untitled (Chinese Paintings) series (initiated in 2003), the creator worked in a tradition that could not be readily identified because it was his own, an out- growth of his soul. Like flowers that cannot be classified, the Rose paintings come at you from different angles. One painting looks at the roses a little from the left, some are more centered—all of which goes to show how one’s view of a thing can change the thing being observed; our percep- tions change paintings, just as paint changes blank canvas. -
Osprey Publishing, Elms Court, Chapel Way, Botley, Oxford OX2 9LP, United Kingdom
WOLF PACK The Story of the U-Boat in World War II The Story - oat iq-Workd War 11 First published in Great Britain in 2005 by Osprey Publishing, Elms Court, Chapel Way, Botley, Oxford OX2 9LP, United Kingdom. Email: [email protected] Previously published as New Vanguard 51: Kriegsmarine U-boats 1939-45 (1); New Vanguard 55: Kriegsmarine U-boats 1939-45 (2); and Warrior 36: Grey Wolf. © 2005 Osprey Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers. CIP data for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN 1 84176 872 3 Editors: Anita Hitchings and Ruth Sheppard Design: Ken Vail Graphic Design, Cambridge, UK Artwork by Ian Palmer and Darko Pavlovic Index by Alan Thatcher Originated by The Electronic Page Company, Cwmbran, UK Printed and bound by L-Rex Printing Company Ltd 05 06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FOR A CATALOGUE OF ALL BOOKS PUBLISHED BY OSPREY PLEASE CONTACT: NORTH AMERICA Osprey Direct, 2427 Bond Street, University Park, IL 60466, USA E-mail: [email protected] ALL OTHER REGIONS Osprey Direct UK, P.O. Box 140, Wellingborough, Northants, NN8 2FA, UK E-mail: [email protected] www.ospreypublishing.com EDITOR'S NOTE All photographs, unless indicated otherwise, are courtesy of the U-Boot Archiv. -
The Black Power Movement
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and Sharon Harley The Black Power Movement Part 1: Amiri Baraka from Black Arts to Black Radicalism Editorial Adviser Komozi Woodard Project Coordinator Randolph H. Boehm Guide compiled by Daniel Lewis A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Black power movement. Part 1, Amiri Baraka from Black arts to Black radicalism [microform] / editorial adviser, Komozi Woodard; project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. p. cm.—(Black studies research sources) Accompanied by a printed guide, compiled by Daniel Lewis, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of the Black power movement. ISBN 1-55655-834-1 1. Afro-Americans—Civil rights—History—20th century—Sources. 2. Black power—United States—History—Sources. 3. Black nationalism—United States— History—20th century—Sources. 4. Baraka, Imamu Amiri, 1934– —Archives. I. Woodard, Komozi. II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Lewis, Daniel, 1972– . Guide to the microfilm edition of the Black power movement. IV. Title: Amiri Baraka from black arts to Black radicalism. V. Series. E185.615 323.1'196073'09045—dc21 00-068556 CIP Copyright © 2001 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-834-1. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................ -
Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997
The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation. -
PUNKS! TOPICALITY and the 1950S GANGSTER BIO-PIC CYCLE
cHAPTER 6 PUnKs! TOPIcALItY AnD tHe 1950s gANGSTER BIo-PIc cYcLe ------------------------------- PeteR stAnfield “This is a re-creation of an era. An era of jazz Jalopies Prohibition And Trigger-Happy Punks.” — Baby Face Nelson this essay examines a distinctive and coherent cycle of films, pro- duced in the late 1950s and early 1960s, which exploited the notoriety of Prohibition-era gangsters such as Baby Face Nelson, Al Capone, Bonnie Parker, Ma Barker, Mad Dog Coll, Pretty Boy Floyd, Machine Gun Kelly, John Dillinger, and Legs Diamond. Despite the historical specificity of the gangsters portrayed in these “bio-pics,” the films each display a marked interest in relating their exploits to contemporary topical con- cerns. Not the least of these was a desire to exploit headline-grabbing, sensational stories of delinquent youth in the 1950s and to link these to equally sensational stories of punk hoodlums from 1920s and 1930s. In the following pages, some of the crossovers and overlaps between cycles of juvenile delinquency films and gangster bio-pics will be critically eval- uated. At the centre of analysis is the manner in which many of the films in the 1950s bio-pic gangster cycle present only a passing interest in pe- riod verisimilitude; producing a display of complex alignments between the historical and the contemporary. 185 peter stanfield DeLInQUENTS, gANGSTERs, AnD PUnKs In the 1950s, the representation of gangsters and of juvenile delinquents shared a common concern with explaining deviancy in terms of a rudi- mentary psychology, -
Ronald Davis Oral History Collection on the Performing Arts
Oral History Collection on the Performing Arts in America Southern Methodist University The Southern Methodist University Oral History Program was begun in 1972 and is part of the University’s DeGolyer Institute for American Studies. The goal is to gather primary source material for future writers and cultural historians on all branches of the performing arts- opera, ballet, the concert stage, theatre, films, radio, television, burlesque, vaudeville, popular music, jazz, the circus, and miscellaneous amateur and local productions. The Collection is particularly strong, however, in the areas of motion pictures and popular music and includes interviews with celebrated performers as well as a wide variety of behind-the-scenes personnel, several of whom are now deceased. Most interviews are biographical in nature although some are focused exclusively on a single topic of historical importance. The Program aims at balancing national developments with examples from local history. Interviews with members of the Dallas Little Theatre, therefore, serve to illustrate a nation-wide movement, while film exhibition across the country is exemplified by the Interstate Theater Circuit of Texas. The interviews have all been conducted by trained historians, who attempt to view artistic achievements against a broad social and cultural backdrop. Many of the persons interviewed, because of educational limitations or various extenuating circumstances, would never write down their experiences, and therefore valuable information on our nation’s cultural heritage would be lost if it were not for the S.M.U. Oral History Program. Interviewees are selected on the strength of (1) their contribution to the performing arts in America, (2) their unique position in a given art form, and (3) availability. -
Section IX the STATE PAGES
Section IX THE STATE PAGES THE FOLLOWING section presents information on all the states of the United States and the District of Columbia; the commonwealths of Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands; the territories of American Samoa, Guam and the Virgin Islands; and the United Na tions trusteeships of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Belau.* Included are listings of various executive officials, the justices of the supreme courts and officers of the legislatures. Lists of all officials are as of late 1981 or early 1982. Comprehensive listings of state legislators and other state officials appear in other publications of The Council of State Governments. Concluding each state listing are population figures and other statistics provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, based on the 1980 enumerafion. Preceding the state pages are three tables. The first lists the official names of states, the state capitols with zip codes and the telephone numbers of state central switchboards. The second table presents historical data on all the states, commonwealths and territories. The third presents a compilation of selected state statistics from the state pages. *The Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Belau (formerly Palau) have been administered by the United Slates since July 18, 1947, as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPl), a trusteeship of the United Nations. The Northern Mariana Islands separated themselves from TTPI in March 1976 and now operate under a constitutional govern ment instituted January 9, 1978.