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Title: a Systematic Study on Cylapinae with a Revision of the Afrotropical Region (Heteroptera, Miridae) Author: Jacek Gorczyca

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Title: a Systematic Study on Cylapinae with a Revision of the Afrotropical Region (Heteroptera, Miridae) Author: Jacek Gorczyca Title: A systematic study on Cylapinae with a revision of the Afrotropical Region (Heteroptera, Miridae) Author: Jacek Gorczyca Citation style: Gorczyca Jacek. (2000). A systematic study on Cylapinae with a revision of the Afrotropical Region (Heteroptera, Miridae). Katowice : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego Jacek Gorczyca A systematic study on Cylapinae with a revision of the Afrotropical Region (Heteroptera, Miridae) Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego Katowice 2000 A systematic study on Cylapinae with a revision of the Afrotropical Region (Heteroptera, Miridae) Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach nr 1863 Jacek Gorczyca A systematic study on Cylapinae with a revision of the Afrotropical Region (Heteroptera, Miridae) Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego Katowice 2000 Editor of the Series: Biology Iwona Szarejko Reviewers Jan Koteja Beata M. Pokryszko This project was financed by the State Committee for Scientific Research, Warsaw, Grant No. 6P04C09714 Executive Editor Violetta Tomala-Kania Technical Editor Barbara Arenhövel 295460 Copyright © 2000 by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego All rights reserved ISSN 0208-6336 ISBN 83-226-0981-7 Published by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego ul. Bankowa 12B, 40-007 Katowice First impression. Edition: 200 4- 50 copies. Printed sheets: 11.0. Publishing sheets: 15.0. Passed to the Printing House in April 2000. Signed for printing and printing finished in June 2000. Price 18 zl Computer-gen erated composition: Pracownia Składu Komputerowego Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Śląskiego Printing and binding: TRYTON Sp. z o.o. ul. Hajducka 16, 41-500 Chorzów Contents Abstract .................................................................................................. 7 Introduction............................................................................................ 9 Material and methods...................................................................................10 Acknowledgements....................................................................................................... 11 General part...................................................................................................13 Historical account.......................................................................................................13 Systematic position of Cylapinae within Miridae.............................................. 18 Diversity of characters within Cylapinae.................................................................24 Biological data............................................................................................................. 35 Geographical distribution.......................................................................................... 37 Fossil record.............................................................................................................40 Phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily Cylapinae.................................42 A survey of the tribes and world genera within the subfamily Cylapinae . 46 A revision of Cylapinae of the Afrotropical Region............................ 52 Study area................................................................................................................... 52 Taxonomy................................................................................................................... 53 References.......................................................................................................165 Streszczenie ................................................................................................. 175 Resume .......................................................................................................176 Abstract A new systematic understanding of Cylapinae is proposed, the phylo­ genetical analysis within the subfamily is presented, the new tribe Rhinomirini and the new subtribe Phylocylapina are established, the key to all the tribes and the check-list of world genera are also provided. The subfamily Cylapinae of Africa is revised including all known taxa that occur in Africa, Madagascar and the Seychelles. Twelve genera, 62 species and one subspecies are discussed in detail. The keys to all the Afrotropical genera and species are provided. Three new genera: Afrofulvius, Afrobothriomiris, and Phyllofulvioides are established, 30 new species and one subspecies are described. A representative of the tribe Bothriomirini from Africa is reported for the first time; it is also the first locality of this tribe outside the Oriental Region and Papua New Guinea. The lectotypes for the following species are designated: Cylapomorpha migratoria (Distant), Fulvius discifer Reuter, Fulvius anthocoroides (Reuter) and Rhinofulvius albifrons (Reuter). Illustrations of dorsal habitus and male genitalia are presented for the representatives of most genera. Key words: taxonomy, entomology, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae, Afrotropical Region, revision Introduction Our knowledge of the occurrence, biology and distribution of the subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera, Miridae) is very poor, as is our understanding of the systematic relationships within the subfamily. Cylapinae are traditionally divided into three tribes: Bothriomirini, Cyla- pini and Fulviini (Carvalho, 1957), but in fact a phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily has never been presented. Moreover, it is now clear that at least the last two groups are not monophyletic (Schuh, 1995; Schuh & Slater, 1995). What remains particularly obscure is the occurrence and distribution of the members of this subfamily in the Afrotropical Region. The only monographic treatment of this subfamily was given in the paper of Poppius (1912). Prior to this date only localities of particular species and new descriptions were presented by Reuter (1895, 1907) and Poppius (1909). Later publications of Distant (1913), Carvalho (1952a), Carvalho et al. (1960), Odhiambo (1967), Schmitz (1970), Linnavuori (1975, 1994), Linnavuori & Al-safadi (1993), Gorczyca (1996a, b, 1997a, c, 1998b, c, e, 1999a) and Gorczyca & Chérot (1998) added only a few more data on Cylapinae of this area. For instance, in the series South African Animal Life in the issue on Miridae (Carvalho et al., 1960) only one representative of the subfamily Cylapinae is mentioned. After the genera Afrovannius Gorczyca, Paracylapus Carvalho and Seychel- lesius Carvalho were excluded from the subfamily Cylapinae (Gorczyca, 1997b, 1998d), only 28 species representing 9 genera are known from Africa, Madagascar, Socotra and the Seychelle Islands. There is still no information about Cylapinae of the Comores Islands and the Mascarene Islands. The main aim of this paper is to revise and summarise the present knowledge of the occurrence and distribution of the mirid subfamily Cylapinae of Africa, to carry out a phylogenetic analysis and to propose a new classification of this subfamily. Material and methods Almost all institutions that may be expected to store material from the Afrotropical Region have been contacted. Of those listed, the Museum in Tervuren, has by far the largest collection of Cylapinae, especially from West Africa. The most important historical collections are those in Helsinki and Budapest with most Poppius’ and Reuter’s types, the British Museum with Distant’s material, and the Museum in Paris with the types of Poppius, Carvalho and Odhiambo. Very important collections are also stored in Copenhagen, St. Petersburg, Innsbruck and other places listed below. Many of the specimens in the Museum in Tervuren were labelled as new species by Doctor Guy Schmitz. Descriptions of these species have never been published but in most cases I have adopted the names proposed by him. I have introduced some changes only where corrections seemed necessary or where I could not recognise the meaning and gender of the name. Morphological terminology used in the descriptions and redescriptions is given according to Schuh & Slater (1995). The names of the authors of the descriptions are given at least once in each presented genus and species. Techniques for the examination of genitalia, including inflation of phallus, follow the papers of Kelton (1959), pretarsal structure was examined after the legs had been kept for several hours in KOH and put into glycerine. Illustrations were made using Olympus stereo-microscope SZX — 9, and a drawing tube. Types and other material data are quoted exactly as they appear: a comma denotes the end of a line of print and a semicolon separates data quoted on different labels. The cladogram showing the systematic position of Cylapinae within Miridae was constructed by manual method and the polarisation of the characters was presented after Kerzhner (1981), Schuh & Schwartz (1984) and Schuh & Stys (1991). To present phylogenetic relationships within Cylapinae cladistic analysis was undertaken using the computer software Hennig86 ver. 1.5 (Farris, 1988). The final cladogram and the mapping of characters were produced using Clados (Nixon, 1992). A total of 20 characters Material and methods 11 at the tribal and subtribal levels were listed, their character states were used to construct the data matrix (Table 2). Most characters were binary, with the exception of a few three-state characters. They were polarised (0 —* 1, or 0 —> I —> 2) based upon out-group comparisons, where 0 denotes the most plesiomorphic state. Characters were polarised with the subfamily Isometopi- nae as an out-group (Fig. 16). Abbreviations BPBM — Department of Entomology Collection,
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