Memoirs of the Queensland Museum (ISSN 0079-8835)
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
VOLUME 52 PART 1 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM © Queensland Museum PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qm.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Director. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site www.qm.qld.gov.au/organisation/publications /memoirs/guidetoauthors.pdf A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CYLAPINAE FROM NEW CALEDONIA WITH RE-ANALYSIS OF THE VANNIUS COMPLEX PHYLOGENY (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) GERASIMOS CASSIS AND GEOFF B. MONTEITH Cassis, G. & Monteith, G.B. 2006 11 10: A new genus and species of Cylapinae from New Caledonia with re-analysis of the Vannius complex phylogeny (Heteroptera: Miridae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52(1): 13-26. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. A remarkable new genus and species of cylapine plant bug, Kanakamiris krypton (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae), are described from New Caledonia. The male and female genitalia are described and illustrated. The generic phylogeny of Cassis, Schwartz, and Moulds (2003) is re-analysed to include the new taxon, with additions and corrections, and a new sister-group relationship is established. The distribution of Kanakamiris is discussed in relation to theories on New Caledonia harbouring basal taxa. Its biology as a probable mycetophage is discussed. Systematics, Miridae, Cylapinae, Vannius complex, Kanakamiris krypton, mycetophagy, New Caledonia, phylogeny, biogeography. Cassis, G. Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney 2010 Australia (School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia) (email: [email protected]); G.B. Monteith, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia (email: [email protected]); 1 July 2006. The Cylapinae is a poorly studied subfamily region are poorly documented. Cassis & Gross of the speciose family Miridae (Insecta: (1995) listed only 14 species from the Australian Heteroptera). The classification, biogeography, continent, but the diversity of unstudied cylapines and biology of this largely cryptozoic subfamily of in collections reveals a much richer fauna. plant bugs are little known (Schuh & Slater, 1995; New Caledonia has been recognised as a Wheeler, 2000). Most biological information biodiversity hotspot of global significance comes from label data, with many species found (Mittermeier et al., 2004), formerly sub- on the ground, in litter, under bark, or associated contiguous with Australia. Furthermore, many with mycelia or fruiting bodies of higher fungi biotic elements of New Caledonia are ancient, (Wheeler, 2000; Cassis & Gross, 1995). and probably relictual; e.g. the flora includes Information on their feeding habits is limited, diverse gymnosperms and many plesiomorphic with generalisations about cylapine behaviour angiosperm genera (Jaffré et al., 2001). Numerous being based on just a handful of observations. New Caledonian taxa of Hemiptera are also Much has been made of their frequent occurrence probably relictual in distribution, e.g. Notuchus in fungus-laden places, resulting in proposals of Fennah (Delphacidae; Donaldson, 1988), fungivory which, nevertheless, are supported Sagmation Hamilton (Cicadellidae; Hamilton, by few direct observations (e.g. Schuh, 1976). 1999), Oiophysella Evans (Peloridiidae; Evans, Wheeler (2000) synthesised existing information 1982), Monteithostolus Štys (Enicocephalidae; on cylapine biology, suggesting that some Fulviini Štys, 1981), Schizopteromiris Schuh (Miridae; are predaceous. The undoubted basal position Schuh, 1986), Targaremini (Rhyparochromidae; of the Cylapinae within the Miridae (Schuh, Distant, 1920) and Gnostocoris Kormilev 1975, 1976) implies relictual distributions and (Aradidae; Monteith, 1980). plesiomorphic food-preferences. Queensland Museum entomologists have The Cylapinae, although not greatly rich in undertaken several expeditions to the main species, particularly in comparison with the island (Grande Terre) of New Caledonia since more diverse and largely arboreal subfamilies 2000. These have revealed a species-rich and (Mirinae, Orthotylinae and Phylinae), is notably highly insular arthropod fauna, which is still cosmopolitan, with greatest diversity in the poorly described. This includes a substantial Southern Hemisphere. Gorczyca (2000) reviewed cylapine fauna, belonging to both the Fulviini the Afrotropical fauna, nearly doubling the and the Vannius complex of the Cylapini. Prior species diversity for that region. In contrast, the to these modern collections, the only member of Cylapinae of the Australian zoogeographic the latter suprageneric group recorded from New 14 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM Caledonia was Vanniopsis rufescens Poppius 1909. The same outgroups used in Cassis et al. (2003) Cassis et al. (2003) reviewed the Vannius complex were used in this analysis (Bothriomiris lugubris from the Australian Region and recorded a new Poppius, Peritropis bituberculata Carvalho & genus, Austrovannius, from New Caledonia and Lorenzato and a species of Cylapocerus Carvalho). Australia. It has numerous narrowly distributed Multistate characters were coded as unordered. species in New Caledonia, mostly from montane Nodal support was calculated using bootstrap rainforest habitats, and most in preparation for resampling with 1000 replicates. publication. In addition, a remarkable and highly autapomorphic species of the Vannius complex SYSTEMATICS that does not fit any existing genus, has been found in these collections. The aim of this Kanakamiris gen. nov. paper is to describe this taxon and to reassess the generic phylogeny of the Vannius complex ETYMOLOGY. The genus refers to a local name proposed by Cassis et al. (2003), including for the indigenous peoples of New Caledonia – the significant additions and corrections. kanaks, combined with the standard root from the family name –miris. The fourth genus of the Vannius complex known in the Australian Region is Vanniusoides Carvalho TYPE SPECIES. Kanakamiris krypton sp. nov., here & Lorenzato, recorded from Fiji, Solomons, designated. New Guinea and Queensland by Cassis et al. DIAGNOSIS. The genus is recognised by the (2003). There are specimens of this genus in following attributes: elongate, macropterous the Queensland Museum from the southern (Fig. 1); head porrect, ant-like (Fig. 2A); vertex extremity of New Caledonia (unpubl.). This with longitudinal sulcus (Fig. 2A); bicompressed, means that the island has all four genera, the sub-elliptoid labrum (Fig. 2B); compressed gula, only land mass in the world with this level of with ridge-like midline (Fig. 2B); labium short, generic diversity. LI surpassing bucculae; AI elongate, AII banded, AIII and AIV threadlike (Fig. 1); eyes enlarged, MATERIALS AND METHODS contiguous with anterior margin of pronotal collar (Figs 1, 2A); pronotum campanulate This study is based on 34 Queensland Museum (Figs 1, 2C); pronotal collar enlarged, raised specimens. The holotype is deposited in the (Figs 1, 2C); scutellum medially tumose (Fig. Musèum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris 1); R+M and median flexion line contiguous (MNHN). Paratypes are deposited in the (Fig. 1); claval commissure elongate (Fig. 1); Queensland Museum, Brisbane (QM) and the cuneus narrow (Fig. 1); external efferent system Australian Museum, Sydney (AM). of metathoracic glands well developed (Fig. Morphological terminology follows that 2D); peritreme anterior in orientation (Fig. 2D); given by Cassis (1995) and references therein. metathoracic spiracle visible (Fig. 2D); tarsi two- Terminology for the male genitalia does not follow segmented; genital opening of male pygophore that given by Kerzhner and Konstantinov (1999), dorsal in orientation (Fig. 3A); parameres simple, such that the subdivision of the endosoma into weakly arcuate (Figs 3B-C); aedeagus sac-like conjunctiva and vesica is regarded as debatable. with three ribbon-like basal processes (Figs 3D- Light microscope observations were made using a E); secondary gonopore ring-like, prominent, with Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope and a Leica DMB distal duct (Fig. 3D). compound microscope. DESCRIPTION. Structure: Macropterous males Scanning electron micrographs were prepared (Fig. 1) and females; body elongate. Head: ant- with a Cambridge scanning electron microscope like, porrect, greatly elongate, longer than wide using techniques outlined in Bolte (1996) and (Fig. 2A); moderately declivent (Fig. 2B); vertex Swearingen et al. (1997). narrow, with weak, shallow medial sulcation (Fig. For the phylogenetic analysis, the data were 2A); frons conical, convex in profile (Figs 2A- assembled using MacClade 4.03 (Maddison & B); clypeus short, conical, coplanar with frons Maddison, 2001) and analysed using PAUP* (Fig. 2B); mandibular plate large, subtriangular version 4.0b10 (Swofford, 2002). Exhaustive (Fig. 2B); bucculae very short, margins rounded searches were made using unweighted, successive (Fig. 2B); labrum enlarged, greatly bicompressed, weighted (rescaled consistency