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Heteroptera: Miridae) from Thailand, with Descriptions of New Species and Immature Forms

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Heteroptera: Miridae) from Thailand, with Descriptions of New Species and Immature Forms First record of the plant bug subfamily Psallopinae (Heteroptera: Miridae) from Thailand, with descriptions of new species and immature forms Tomohide Yasunaga, Kazutaka Yamada & Taksin Artchawakom The plant bug subfamily Psallopinae Schuh is reported from Thailand, or con- tinental Southeast Asia, for the first time. Two new species of the genus Psallops Usinger, 1946, P. fulvioides and P. sakaerat, are described from northeastern Thailand. The detailed habit and immature forms are described for P. fulvioides. The discovery also represents the first record of the immature stages for the subfamily. Habitus images of these new species are provided. Tomohide Yasunaga, JICA-SV, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Huntra Campus, 60 Moo 3 Asia R’d, Huntra, Phranakhon- Si-Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand; Research Associate, American Museum of Natural History, New York 10024. [email protected] Kazutaka Yamada*, Tokushima Prefectural Museum, Bunka-no-Mori Park, Mukôterayama, Hachiman-chô, Tokushima, 770-8070 Japan. [email protected] Artchawakhom Taksin, Director, Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Ministry of Science & Technology, Wang Nam Khieo, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30370 Thailand. [email protected] Introduction Almost nothing is known about the biology of this The Psallopinae form the smallest plant bug sub- small subfamily as most specimens have been collected family within the largest heteropteran family Miri- at light; thus habits and habitats of psallopines remain dae. Only eight extant species in two genera are unknown (Wheeler 2001). Only two Japanese species currently known (seven species in Psallops Usinger, have been collected by sweeping leaves or branches of 1946, from Japan, Saudi Arabia, and South Pacific broad-leaved trees (Yasunaga 1999, 2001). Islands, and Isometocoris blantoni Carvalho & Sailer, During our continuing fieldwork in Sakaerat 1954, from Panama), in addition to a Baltic amber National Environmental Research Station, north- fossil, Isometopsallops schuhi Herczek & Popov, 1992 eastern Thailand between July 2008 and June 2009, (Schuh 1995, Yasunaga 1999, 2001). eight adult specimens and two immature forms, rep- This little known subfamily was established by resenting two undescribed species of Psallops, have Schuh (1976) for a single member Psallops ocullatus been collected. Herein, we record the subfamily Psal- Usinger, 1946 that had been placed in the Phylinae lopinae from continental Southeast Asia for the first since the original description. Schuh (1976) sug- time, and describe Psallops fulvioides and P. sakaerat as gested that Psallops is defined amongst others by the new to science. The fourth and final instar nymphs of finely upturned anterior margin of the pronotum, P. fulvioides are documented, with information on one or two cells on the membrane, two-segmented the habitat. The discovery also represents the first tarsi, a subapical tooth of the claw, simple form of record of the immature stages of the Psallopinae. the vesica, and phallotheca fused with the phallobase. A checklist of the genus Psallops is provided. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 153: 91-98, Figs 1–27. [ISSN 0040-7496]. http://www.nev.nl/tve © 2010 Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published 1 June 2010. Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 05:22:14AM * Corresponding author via free access 92 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 153, 2010 1 2 4 3 7 5 6 8 9 Figs 1–9. Psallops species in Thailand. – 1-3, P. sakaerat, males; 4-5, P. fulvioides, holotype female; 6, P. fulvioides, 4th instar nymph; 7-8, ditto, final instar nymph; 9, A fabaceous broadleaf, habitat of P. fulvioides. Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 05:22:14AM via free access Yasunaga et al.: First record of Psallopinae from Thailand 93 2 mm 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Figs 10–17. Habitus images of Psallops sakaerat (10) and P. fulvioides (11-17). – 10, ventral view of adult male; 11, ventral view of holotype female; 12-14, Dorsal (12), ventral (13) and left lateral (14) of final instar nymph; 15-17, Dorsal (15), ventral (16) and left lateral (17) of 4th instar nymph. Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 05:22:14AM via free access 94 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 153, 2010 Material and methods Discussion Dried specimens were used in general, but delicate As pointed out by Schuh (1976), Psallops evidently immature forms are preserved in 80% alcohol in contains quite a few undescribed species particularly a small vial. All type specimens designated in this in the Old World subtropics and tropics. Because study will be deposited in the Department of Ento- it is difficult to collect psallopines by sweeping or mology, American Museum of Natural History, New beating, their biology and immature stages were pre- York (AMNH) and T. Yasunaga Collection, Naga- viously unknown. Two Japanese species have occa- saki, Japan (TYCN). All measurements are given in sionally been collected from branches of broadleaved millimeters. In the synonymic list, only selected ref- trees (Yasunaga 1999, 2001). During our recent erences are cited as comprehensive catalogs are avail- fieldwork in Thailand, an adult and two immature able (Kerzhner & Josivov 1999, Schuh 1995). Dig- forms of an undescribed species (P. fulvioides), were ital images of live individuals were taken with Canon discovered as mentioned below. EOS Kiss Digital camera body + Canon-Olympus mount adapter + Olympus Macrophoto System Checklist (Auto Extension Tube with 35 mm macrolens and Psallops Usinger, 1946 T10 Ringflash). P. fulvioides Yasunaga & Yamada, sp. n. P. grandoculus Linnavuori & Alamy, 1982 P. myiocephalus Yasunaga, 1999 Taxonomy P. nakatanii Yasunaga, 1999 Psallops Usinger P. oculatus Usinger, 1946 P. ponapensis Carvalho, 1956 Psallops Usinger, 1946: 86 (gen. n. in subfam. Phylinae), P. sakaerat Yasunaga & Yamada, sp. n. type species: P. ocullatus Usinger, 1946; Schuh 1995: P. yaeyamanus Yasunaga, 1999 42 (cat.); Kerzhner & Josifov 1999: 7 (cat.); Yasunaga P. yapensis Carvalho, 1956 1999: 737 (diag., key to Japanese spp.); Yasunaga 2001: 122 (diag.). Psallops sakaerat Yasunaga & Yamada, sp. n. Diagnosis Figs 1–3, 10, 18, 20, 22–27 Recognized by the following diagnostic characters: Type material. Holotype ?, Thailand: Nakhon body small, 2–3.5 mm, ovoid to elongate oval; basic Ratchasima Prov., Wang Nam Khieo Dist., Sakaerat coloration brownish to fuscous; dorsal surface shin- Environmental Research Station, N14°30’26.9”, ing, partly roughened or shagreened, with uniformly E101°55’39.2” , 407m alt., light trap, 13.vi.2009, distributed, dark, simple, semierect setae; head short; T. Yasunaga & K. Yamada. Paratypes: 1?, same eyes enlarged especially in ?, occupying most part data as for holotype; 2?, same data except for date: of head; vertex very narrow; labium long, reaching 16.x.2008 & 11.vi.2009; 1?, same data except for or exceeding apex of metacoxa; pronotum brownish date & collectors: 19-20. viii. 2008, T. Yasunaga & to fuscous, with finely upturned anterior margin, B. Shishido; 1?, same data except for date & collec- lacking collar; hemelytron bicolorous, sometimes tor, 26.ii.2009, T. Yasunaga. with minute spots; membrane with one or two cells (Figs 18, 19); metafemur with nine trichobothria; Diagnosis tarsi two-segmented (Figs 20, 21); claw with a tiny Recognized by the smallest body size among conge- subapical tooth; parameres conspicuously asymmet- ners, fuscous pronotum with pale posterior angles rical (right paramere usually very tiny); vesica simple, and an anterior crescent suture, elongate left para- sometimes with several spinulate appendages; phal- mere sensory lobe, extremely tiny right paramere, lotheca fused with phallobase. and apical spines on the vesica. Distribution Description Old World tropics, subtropics and warm temper- Male. Body generally brownish, ovoid, tiny in size; ate zone; Pacific Islands, Saudi Arabia, southwest- dorsal surface brown to chocolate brown, subshin- ern Japan, Thailand. Schuh (1976) also indicated ing, with uniformly distributed, simple, semierect the occurrence of some undescribed species in New setae (Figs 1–3). Head whitish brown, almost circu- Guinea and the Philippine Islands. lar in frontal view; eyes large; vertex infuscate, about 1/5 as wide as head including eyes; apical half of tylus slightly tinged with red. Antenna dark brown; base Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 05:22:14AM via free access Yasunaga et al.: First record of Psallopinae from Thailand 95 and apex of segment I, and extreme apices of seg- lected at light, no information is currently available ments II and III creamy white (but fading to pale on the biology. Collection records suggest this psal- brown in dried specimens); segment II pale brown lopine has two or three generations per year; the mesially, a little less than head width across eyes. adults were collected in February, June, August and Labium shiny brown, slender, extending much October. beyond apex of metacoxa, reaching abdominal ster- num VIII. Pronotum dark brown, with a narrow, Psallops fulvioides Yasunaga & Yamada, sp. n. transverse, crescent suture along calli; posterola- Figs 3–8, 11–17, 19, 21 teral angles of pronotum pale brown; mesoscutum and scutellum brown to chocolate brown; pleura Type material. Holotype /, Thailand: Nakhon pale brown. All coxae and basal parts of all femora Ratchasima Prov., Wang Nam Khieo Dist., Sakaerat widely dark brown; apical ½–⅓ of each femur, and Environmental Research Station, N14°30’48.6”
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