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The Experience of the Minang Family Caring for an Older Who Lives in the Core Family of Children in Padang City

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The Experience of the Minang Family Caring for an Older Who Lives in the Core Family of Children in Padang City Xi'an Shiyou Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/ Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University, Natural Sciences Edition ISSN:1673-064X E-Publication: Online Open Access DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/6ZNCA THE EXPERIENCE OF THE MINANG FAMILY CARING FOR AN OLDER WHO LIVES IN THE CORE FAMILY OF CHILDREN IN PADANG CITY RIKA SABRI1, RAHMADANI YUSRAN2,3, DEWI EKA PUTRI1, RANDI REFNANDES1 and APRIZON PUTRA3 1Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Nursing - Universitas Andalas, Indonesia 2 Department of Public Administration Science, Faculty of Social Sciences - Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia 3Doctoral Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate – Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia Abstract Padang City is one of the cities with the highest number of older people in West Sumatra with an increasing dependency ratio. These condition impacts families who care for the elderly both economically, socially, and in time. This study describes how the family experience of caring for the elderly is viewed from the perspective of Minang culture. This study used a focused ethnographic design, although the researchers wanted to see caring families' experiences, the researchers focused more on family care from the Minang cultural approach. Interviews were conducted for 12 days, using the purposive sampling data collection technique. At the end of data collection, data maturation occurs (data saturation) for the 9th participant. Participants are families who care for the elderly at home (biological parents; in-laws; grandparents; and aunt/mother or aunt/uncle). The data were analyzed using the Collaizi technique. The results obtained five main themes: 1—reasons for caring for the elderly in the family; 2. Family support provided 3. The burden of caring for the elderly. 4. Family views on the socio-cultural values of Minang. Even though caring for the elderly in the Minang culture at home is a girl's, the family is a support system with a big responsibility, be it directly or indirectly, in providing optimal support for the elderly. The study results guide family and community nurses in choosing the right intervention according to the cultural values of Minang that are believed by the family. KEYWORDS: elderly, family nurse, support, nursing intervention, minang culture 1 Introduction West Sumatra Province is one of the provinces with a reasonably significant elderly population growth rate. [1] Reported that the number of elderly population growth in West Sumatra reached 9.8% of the total population of West Sumatra. The city of Padang is one of the cities with the largest population of adults. According to Padang City in numbers, the number of older people reaches 68,600 people or 7.21% of the total population [2]. From the percentage value, it can be said that the pyramid structure of Padang city has entered the old population structure because the number of older people exceeds 7% of the total population. The high number of older people in West Sumatra, especially the city of Padang, is not accompanied by the welfare of the elderly. This can be seen from the increasing number of neglected older people. From 2017 to 2018, the number of neglected older people in the city of Padang reached 1303 people. However, in 2019, the number of neglected older people was only 275 [3]. This happens because there is a change in older people in 2020, namely 65 years and over. August 2021 | 69 Xi'an Shiyou Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/ Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University, Natural Sciences Edition ISSN:1673-064X E-Publication: Online Open Access DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/6ZNCA Abandoned elderly in West Sumatra Province, especially in Padang City, should not happen because the people of Padang City are generally Minangkabau people. The Minangkabau community has a matrilineal system, where care for the elderly is the responsibility of girls. However, often the elderly do not want to stay at their children's house because they do not want to bother them [4]. The research results by [5] regarding the exploration of the characteristics of the elderly who live in orphanages, there are frequent conflicts between children and son-in-law because of the presence of the elderly in their homes. It is not uncommon for the elderly to get unpleasant treatment and even abuse from the family. The research results by [6] found that 64.2% of violence occurred against the elderly. The highest levels of harassment were psychological (33.4%), followed by physical (14.1%), financial (13.8%), neglect (11.6%), and sexual harassment (1.9%). The Minangkabau people adhere to a matrilineal kinship system. The matrilineal system is a system that regulates the life and order of a society, which is bound in kinship in the maternal line. The matrilineal system does not strengthen women's role, but in this system, women are strengthened to protect and protect the inheritance of a people from extinction, both "Rumah Gadang", "Tanah Pusako", and fields. This means that there will be no older people neglected in Minangkabau if this system is running well. The care of older people in Minang, culturally speaking, the girls in their hometowns are responsible for caring for them [7]. The elderly's position in Minangkabau is to be elevated together and take one step first, which means that the elderly are respected and a place to get advice [8]. However, the shift in cultural values shows that female children prioritize their core family [9, 10]. The elderly who do not have a family is no longer cared for by distant families for economic reasons, and even Nigari can no longer care for the elderly. Nagari handed over the elderly through the social service and placed them in a nursing home. The shift in cultural values causes the answering system also to shift. Older people live alone in appalling conditions, and they are even stranded on the streets, so they are at risk of experiencing violence or abuse. The phenomenon seen at this time is the number of older people assigned to refueling stations working to sell food. In general, the elderly have families, but the family does not care about them. Therefore, the elderly in Minangkabau should feel comfortable living with their children's nuclear family, and the nursing home's capacity will be less in Minang. However, contrary to reality, in West Sumatra, the number of nursing homes increases, and many families leave the elderly in the homes (interview with the head of PST Sabai nan Aluih, 2019). The Minangkabau matrilineal kinship system is assumed to have changed from some of its characteristics such as the weakening of the extended family with a tendency to strengthen the nuclear family, the reduction in the role of the Mamak with a tendency to dominate the role of the father, the change in the kinship term system and others [4, 5, 9]. However, lineage calculations and permanent patterns still appear to be characterized by matrilines as before [11]. Not many children want to care for the elderly in their families. Some older people found on the street in a nursing home said that they left their homes because they were not being treated well by their children. [12], in their research, found that older people leave their August 2021 | 70 Xi'an Shiyou Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/ Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University, Natural Sciences Edition ISSN:1673-064X E-Publication: Online Open Access DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/6ZNCA children's homes because they treat their less-than-good son-in-law. The elderly said their children brought the elderly to their home for fear of sinning, leaving their parents alone in their hometown, but the children had not given optimal care for the elderly when they arrived at their homes. Therefore, the researcher wants to see how the Minang family experience caring for the elderly who live in the child's nuclear family in Padang. What are the reasons children care for the elderly in their primary family, while the elderly are not treated well? How do families care for the elderly in their families? Do children get social support from other family members and the extended family related to elderly care? Furthermore, to what extent do families interpret the cultural value of Minang in caring for the elderly in the family. This research question can be explored in this research. This study aims to find out how the Minang family experiences caring for the elderly in their children's nuclear family. This study will make it easier for nurses to plan the best interventions for the elderly and their families in caring for the elderly so that they elderly can achieve a quality and independent life. 2 Research Methods This research method is qualitative with a focused ethnographic approach. This research method will guide researchers to explore family members' experiences in caring for the elderly at their children's home through the Minang cultural approach. In practice, the instrument is designed with a focused ethnographic method approach that focuses on overcoming the problems of treating the elderly in Minang in their children's families. However, the data mining method focuses more on the experiences of the participants. Therefore, researchers also use the phenomenological method. However, the question will focus more on cultural values. Taking participants using random sampling techniques, then followed by purposive sampling technique [13]. Interviewed participants were representatives from 4 sub- districts, namely West Padang 3 people, East Padang 3 people, South Padang 2 people, and Koto Tangah 2 people. The criteria for participants were determined before the interview, including: 1) The person who cares for the elderly in the family; 2) Have family relationships; 3) Over 17 years old; 4) Willing to be interviewed about the elderly and caring for the elderly; and 5) The Minang tribe.
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