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JURNAL GRAMATIKA ISSN: 2442-8485 Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia V4.i1 (62-70) E-ISSN: 2460-6316 A REALITY OF MINANGKABAU LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE AND ITS TRANSFORMATION TO A CREATION OF PERFORMANCE WORKS. 1Maryelliwati, 2Wahyudi Rahmat, 3Edwar Kemal 1Institut Seni Indonesia (ISI) Padangpanjang, 2,3STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat Email: [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] Submitted :06-01-2018, Reviewed:24-01-2018, Accepted:01-04-2018 https://doi.org/10.22202/JG.2018.V4i1.2422 Abstract Minangkabau people's literary works are many in both oral, handwritten and printed in various printers. This article will illustrate Minangkabau's Minangkabau form of language into Minangkabau literature and its transition into a showpiece. The forms of writing are manifest in literature. The scope of Minangkabau literature is of course a literary work within the Minangkabau region. Minangkabau literature is an indigenous literature, which is a description of feelings, values and thoughts in the level of the proper path that is expressed in Minangkabau language inherited by oral or kato-kato or rundiang kato bamisa (eg word- like bracket) of a generation of kegenarasi. Therefore, the research of this library is deemed necessary to describe the existence of its form to be sustainable in accordance with the times. Keywords: Minangkabau Language, Minangkabau Literature, Performing Works Creation INTRODUCTION Minangkabau language as one of the most important regional languages ​ ​ in the The regional language is usually archipelago whose existence is considered the first language or the mother tongue safe in the times (Maryelliwati and used by the speakers in a regional activity, Wahyudi Rahmat, 2016). The importance in accordance with the culture of the area of the Minangkabau language is not only of ​ ​ the daily user society, so that the seen from the function but also influenced regional language is the image of a by the number of speakers, its spreading, civilization of a culture. Of the many and its role in everyday conversation. regional languages ​ ​ still showing its existence is the Minangkabau language Minangkabau language in addition which has a function as a symbol of can be diraskan existence in the form of culture from West Sumatra, and also as a oral, preservation can also be seen in the means of connecting within the family and form of writing (Rahmat, 2014). The Minangkabau society in the form of forms of writing are manifest in literature. communicating (Job et al, 1993: 13). The The scope of Minangkabau literature is of position and function of Minangkabau course a literary work within the language as mentioned above, makes the Minangkabau region. Minangkabau 62 Jurnal Gramatika - STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat JURNAL GRAMATIKA ISSN: 2442-8485 Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia V4.i1 (62-70) E-ISSN: 2460-6316 literature is an indigenous literature, which media of creation. A painter will scratch is a description of feelings and thoughts in his brush with a canvas, a keographer with the level of the proper path which is his dance, a composer with his music and a expressed in Minangkabau language director will create events from his script. inherited by oral or kato-kato or rundiang kato bamisa (multifarious word-talk) of a A text is sometimes only generation of kegenarasi (Maryelliwati, interesting if it is not only read, but needs 1995: 29). to be interpreted with beauty to be heard and seen. In other words the aesthetics is The oral tradition as a wealth of attached until the text is displayed in the Minangkabau cultural literature is one of form of meaningful performances. In the the most valuable forms of cultural Minangkabau language study and expression, not only to preserve the Minangkabau literature changes in the cultural values ​ ​ of a traditional society, form of performances became a necessary but also to become the cultural root of a form for an art worker, but certainly did new society. In the sense, oral tradition can not abandon any values ​ ​ that existed in be the source of a new cultural creation ) the Minangkabau language or literature. According to Amir in Gayatri (2006), Therefore it is necessary to elaborate the mention that (Esten, 1999: 105 given its Minangkabau and Minangkabau function in society, the Minangkabau oral Minangkabau forms of transformation into tradition in terms of its existence is the form of performing arts, so that the grouped into three, which is threatened values ​ ​ and functions of a culture can with extinction due to the development of survive well. the society to the loss of function and its The several forms of language and role, Secondly, the variety of oral tradition literature that exist in Minangkabau are that survives from extinction by making still many peminatnya is as follows: adjustments and developments so as to get the greeting from the society 3. Third, the 1. Petatah Petitih variety of oral tradition that has not changed at all as it relates to traditional Petitih petitih or petitih maxim ceremonies, such as customary pantun and (Djamaris, 2003: 32) is a sentence or pasambahan, commonly found in phrase that contains a deep, broad, precise, ceremonies of events, death, and subtle and figurative. In an oral tradition welcoming guests. society, the proverb petitih or expression that contains the doctrine, the very The pattern of Minangkabau important view of life departs from nature society's conception either in daily life or where they are or in terms of the natural in literature seems to be built through custom of the mine to be a teacher (nature observations of the natural phenomenon in developed into a teacher). which they live. Reality is one of the main sources of every idea of ​ ​ an art creator 2. Pidato Adat dan Pasambahan from the many ideas that lie in this world. Customary speech and The idea is then actualized in various encroachment are one of Minangkabau's 63 Jurnal Gramatika - STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat JURNAL GRAMATIKA ISSN: 2442-8485 Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia V4.i1 (62-70) E-ISSN: 2460-6316 oral and extant literary genres of literature of language is the mantra. Mantra is to date. This is because Minangkabau spoken verbally by one person for the people who still use it in every ceremony purpose of bringing good or evil to someone. Mantra is the oldest literature in the archipelago. Mantra is the oldest oral literature, this is in line with the opinion of Usman (2006: 36) which menytakan that mantra is a type of oral literature whose existence is considered the most elderly in the world. As one form of culture in Indonesia, the existence of the mantra is now almost forgotten and even almost extinct because of its function that is feared by the community, but in fact the such as in marriage, death, eating, drinking mantra has an important role in the form of and so forth. Sambah means giving that defending a cultural form such as a spell respect. for treatment. Teeuw (1992: 7) mentions 3. Pantun that the mantra is a type of oral literature that was first known to man. Pantun in general is also known to rhyme a-b-a-b. Ie two sampiran and two 5. Legend contents. In Minangkabau, pantun is very Legend is a prose of the people popular with every kalanagan community. who cut down in the midst of society. The A very visible haunt is when they bagurau legend is not only an ordinary folklore, but or joke among their circles. Pantun it it is also a dispensation of cultural and includes pantun children kaulamuda, social moral values ​ ​ that reflect its solace, loneliness, kesangsian, and so forth. Djamaris (2003: 18) mentions that Rangkoto (1980) managed to collect a kind of Minangkabau pantun which was then published in a collection of Minangkabau pantun. Pantun is collected as many as 195 titles and themes themed ethics, people, history, custom institutions, customs parable, adata ceremony and so forth. 4. Mantra society. Language as a means of In Minangkabau so many legends communication, used by every human live and flourish in the midst of being to interact with other people Minangkabau society, usually every area regardless of the form of the form of of the area in Minangkabau has their delivery of either oral or written. One form legend respectively. But many known as 64 Jurnal Gramatika - STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat JURNAL GRAMATIKA ISSN: 2442-8485 Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia V4.i1 (62-70) E-ISSN: 2460-6316 the legend of Malin kundang, Ikan Sungai for kaba it has the allure of woven kaba it Janiah, Pagaruyuang, Lake Maninjau, in the form of stories and given the name Legend od Dareh River, Padangpanjang kaba (Udin, 1987: 17). and so forth. 7. Randai Randai is a traditional 6. Kaba Minangkabau drama or theater that has lived and long developed from a period of The word kaba is the same as time in every tribe in Minangkabau. "news", so it may also mean "news". But Randai in Minangkabau used to play in the as a term he points to a kind of traditional gadang home or open field where the bias Minangkabau oral literature. Kaba is is where the community gather or lyrical prose. This form is retained when it berkeramaian. Randai is one of the most is published in book form. complex of Minangkabau traditional arts, Unity is not a sentence and not a played in groups by forming a line. Its unity is a lengthy pronunciation circle/legaran with a dance accompaniment. consisting of two equal parts. A unity will be observed by other entities with the same pattern, resulting in the repetition or alignment of the structure.

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