2 5 CENTS CANADA'S NEWSPAPER FOR UKRAINIAN STUDENTS

Canadian University Press conference Nestor Makuch STUDENTaff iliates with student press

STUDENT has tentatively been granted prospective membership status in the Canadian University Press (CUP). ( A motion, made upon the recommendation of an eight-person membership commission, to admit STU- DENT to CUP as a prospective member was passed by the plenary session of the one hundred seventy representatives from forty-seven different member newspapers attending the 41 st National CUP Conference, held in Edmonton from 26 December 1978 to 3 January 1979. However, in the last hours of the two-day plenary another motion presented by several members made Chevron issue has a lengthy history of Conference to insure that the Imprint STUDENT'S admission conditional two and one half years, and has would be able to uphold CUP's prin- upon the approval of the CUP National dominated the last two CUP National ciples. Executive, which is to examine Conferences. The matter came to a head 'Prospective membership" status is STUDENT'S application in greater detail at this year's conference following the essentially a 'probationary' period of and announce its decision by 31 March membership commission's examination membership during which the 1979. The motion passed the plenary on of the proceedings of a CUP investiga- newspaper involved enjoys all rights ancl the grounds that the initial debate on tion commission which had investigated obligations of full CUP members, except STUDENT'S admission had not been as charges that the Chevron had violated for voting privileges, for up to one year.

intensive as it should have, and that CUP's statement of principles by con- At the end of the prospective some members did not have enough travening provisions for a democratic membership period, the newspaper may information available on the operation. be granted full membership by a two- newspaper's operation to make a The' charges maintained that the thirds vote of the National Conference. carefully considered decision on the Chevron was dominated by members of Canadian University Press is a issue, despite the membership com- the Communist Party of Canada cooperative organization of sixty Cana- mission's report which was based on a (Marxist-Leninist) who harassed, dian university student newspapers who written application from STUDENT and manipulated and intimidated other staff pool their resources to provide services a questioning of a STUDENT delegation members, and refused to accept any that they, as individual publications, consisting of two members of the dissenting opinion After seven days of would be unable to operate. These editorial board and two staff members. heated debate between delegates, the services are aimed at facilitating ex- This second motion came in the membership commission recommended change between student newspapers, coordinating and dis- aftermath of an extremely bitter debate to the final plenary session that the by instigating, on the status of one of CUP's members, Chevron be immediately expelled from seminating information among the the University of Waterloo Chevron. The CUP. Three hours of debate followed member papers and strengthening in- dividual members. and at its conclusion the plenary voted a wealth of overwhelmingly in favour of the As well as providing Chevron'^ expulsion. resource persons and materials on the organization and operation of a It is not surprising then that CUP provides its members members would prefer to have as newspaper, CUP which offers a complete a picture as possible of any with a "News Exchange" INSIDE service (news prospective member's operation before twice weekly print news coverage of the countries campuses and Films p. 1 granting admission to CUP, if only to national and provincial affairs), a feature avoid a repetrtion of the Chevron issue at articles Dissidents .. pp. 1 & 8 some luture date. service (feature-length originating with member papers or a major factor in the delay of Rebuttals p. 3 contributors and dealing with STUDENT'S admission was the denial of outside issues and trends), a Women p. 4 & 6 prospective membership status to the major student (graphics assembled was set up a graphics service Makhno p. 9 Imprint, a newspaper which few months ago on the University of Academia p. 5 Waterloo campus as an alternative to the (CUP continued on page 11) Chevron, on the basis that enough information was not available at the '

Andnj Makuch A new dimension for Ukrainian-Canadian history New films portray pioneer struggle

In 1977 some notable works about Ukrainian Canadians — such as All of Baba's Children and No Streets of Gold — were published. They generated a considerable degree of excitement and con- troversy, and set in motion a new creative current in the Ukrainian community. Still, the printed word is a relatively passive medium com- pared to the moving image. Thus, the 1978 advent of such films as Teach Me To Dance and 1927, both recently screened on national television, can be seen only as another major advance. Both films are gems, and each has its particular appeal — Teach Me To Dance to the heart and 1927 to the mind. The former perhaps has met with a more favourable response due to its simplicity, charm, and warmth. The latter piece, a darker, more brooding piece, has met with criticism for its severity and even its authenticity. A frequently made comment about it

has been "was it actually realistic?" ivan Lypa (Kenneth Pogue) painfully remembers an embarrassing incident which helps {"Cny virno prydstavaly"!) Ironical- his identity for an old age pension to Nancy Dean (Diane D'Aquila) in the 7927 ly, many of us will never really know prove how authentic either film was. episode ot the Newcomers.

instead, it is films such as these Theatre 1980. The cycle is Imperial's boost which are building the "reality" of Ewasiuk and twelve year old Nadia location. The Capitol with an overwhelmingly to "Canadian understanding' onich our history, or at least our percep- Ostashewski as Lesia. overflowed Ukrainian crowd (a large proportion means "national unity" more of less. tion of it. The real star, however, is Myrna the nearby farming The films have no formal narrative Teach Me To Dance is a twenty- Kostash who wrote the script- drawn from enough). The links; instead, they attempt to eight minute drama produced by reach Me To Dance is a notable areas, interestingly of January 1979 itself well received, but, portray "the common ground the National Film Board {NFB). It i- departure from All of Baba's show was with this country" the most telling sign of its success experience in and Volume 11, No. 52 the story of two young girls, Lesi, Children — it is Kostash depicting if which "the newcomers," or .ne Ewasiuk and Sarah Evans, who plai the Ukrainian-Canadian past was the comment made by many that the kids successive waves of immigrants to perform a Ukrainian dance at the without priests, police, or old-timers: "It's good 7927 is a challenging to live saw in Canada. The ultimate aim ot work Christmas concert in their rural politicians. Her'main focus is the can see what we had this venture is to demonstrate that written by the well-known "anti- Alberta school. However, the year is biggest and most obvious "p" — through." bridg- establishment" playwright George is part ot "The New- "cultural differences are best 1919 and Ukrainians are held in low prejudice It might be said that Ms. 1927 by Im- ed by cultural means," a ratherone- Ryga. It is the story of Ivan Lypa, a esteem by the more "proper" Kostash has inverted the coat she comers" series sponsored The series of dimensional view which implies a tough-skmned sixly-eight year old elements of the community. Pre- wore for Baba's Children. In the perial Oil of Canada. films depicts the simplistic meaning of culture and Ukrainian immigrant being in- judice upsets the girls' plan, and the former she spoke from a Canadian seven one-hour Canada by different carries propagandist overtones vestigated by a social worker for his Christmas concert the Ewasiuk perspective to a Ukrainian issue; in habitation of and will cost with it. Fortunately, the purpose pension application Official family had so anxiously awaited Teach Me To Dance she seems to ethnic minorities, approximately four million behind the commissioning of these ends up as a fiasco. To make things address the Canadian question Imperial (PIONEER STRUGGLE production costs and air works does not detract from their worse, Lesia's brother. Paul, is from a Ukrainian perspective. Her dollars for in value, especially in the case of 1927. time it is completed provoked into a fight, and their case is strong and presented in a time by the continued on page 10)

father joins in the fray, almost direct and undoctrinaire manner. It

striking the school trustee, Mr. seems a simple story, yet it had Evans 'Sarah's father). As in so undergone numerous re-drafts many instances, (he melee ends which toned its of The dissident down resentment struggle unresolved — but with the English the English and changed the film's Stefan still firmly in control. The only hope nuances. A most telling example is emykivs'ky left is for the future and the girls the ending where Lesia and Sarah claims another victim resolve their differences on English are reconciled In the original script Christmas dancing their Snehirov's book makes an impor- Day, duet the Ewasiuk family is huddled in The dissident Ukrainian writer cical, hypocritical nature of the privately as an ode to friendship and illegal tant contribution to the sparse isolation around their Ukrainian Helii (Yevhen) Snehirov died in Kiev proceedings and the harmony. literature on the Soviet Ukrainian Christmas table, cut off from all ties on December 28, 1978 at the age of methods used by the prosecution, Technically the film is intelligentsia and their behavior in com- with the rest of the world. 51 Snehirov had been arrested in but is also harshly critical of the petently made, although not out- conditions of increasing repression Teach Me To Dance is one of September 1977 on the charges of behavior of witnesses and the standing. Some of the camera work the first films made by the NFB "anti-Soviet agitation and accused. Describing the hesitation, during the late twenties, and should is sloppy and there are several under a current regionalization propaganda," and died under KGB occasional gestures of defiance, be read by all those interested in cumbersome transitions between this period. program (whose future is threaten- custody in a hospital where he had and the eventual almost unanimous the English and Ukrainian language Before his arrest in 1977 ed by budget cutbacks). As such, it been taken last March. capitulation to the will of the which upset thefilm's pacing Some Snehirov prepared several letters also had a novel world premiere 6 Snehirov was born in Kharkiv, authorities of the accused and very good performances are given,, reached December 1978 in Vegreville, eastern Ukraine, and worked as a witnesses, he draws a vivid picture and protests which have particularly Ivan Horsky as Mr. * included an open by Alberta, not far from the shooting teacher, actor, editor, and, most of the largely demoralized Ukrai- the west- These Soviet in recently, a producer of documen- nian intelligentsia of this period letter to the government Snehirov his tary films in Kiev, In T974 he was Snehirov does not deny that the which renounced expelled trom the government- accused were subjected to tremen- Soviet citizenship and denounced controlled Writers' Union of dous pressures by the prosecution, the new Soviet constitution, and an Brezhnev in which he Ukraine for his friendship with but places a great deal of emphasis open letter to of the present Viktor Nekrasov, a Russian writer on the atmosphere of fear which attacked the policies Snehirov also wrote to from Kiev who, shortly afterwards, pervaded the proceedings, the government. President Jimmy Carter asking was exiled from the Soviet Union paralyzing "chain-action" effect of U.S. him to continue his efforts in and now lives in the west. Soon capitulations by several key in- defense of human rights in the Snehirov was also expelled from the dividuals, and the development of a government-controlled Film "purge mentality" which came to Soviet Union, and prepared an open letter to the newspaper Literaturna Workers' Union and was forbidden dominate the thirties. Ukraina replying to a slanderous to work in cinematography. Snehirov's book supports the attack on him in that newspaper. In 1974 Snehirov began to write claim of almost all reputable Following his arrest Snehirov, the work for which he is best known: scholars studying this period that who had already been seriously ill, My Mother, My Mother. In a style the accused were innocent of became, paralyzed from the waist similar to that of Solzhenitsyn's almost all charges brought against down after a long period of in- "experiment in literary investiga- them. Several of the accused did terrogation by the KGB. He was tion" — The Gulag Archipelago, meet occasionally and probably transferred to a hospital where he Snehirov examines the SUM-SVU discussed political affairs, but the was kept under close guard, and trials (of Ukrainian activists, SUM-SVU organizations were in all was allowed no visitors. primarily intellectuals, accused of likelihood created artificially by the In April 1978, after Snehirov "anti-revolutionary activities") authorities as a pretext for com- had become partially paralyzed, which took place in Kharkiv in 1930. promising a large portion of the several Soviet newspapers carrieda He began to make inquiries about Ukrainian intelligentsia and to statement of "recantation" by these trials after his' uncle men- provide an example for the future. Snehirov in which he criticized his tioned that Snehirov's mother had Several Ukrainian emigre earlier activities and renounced his helped to denounce some of the organizations support the point of views The circumstances surroun- accused, and the book is a detailed view that the SUM-SVU ding the preparation and signing of examination of the behavior of all organizations were clandestine this statement are not fully clear, those connected with the trials, nationalist groups dedicated to however, Oksana Meshko. a fellow writing is charged with overthrowing the Soviet state, and Snehirov's spoke with well dissident who emotion , but his statements are therefore this book has aroused Snehirov's wife, stated that he did documented; he spoke with many some controversy in the west not prepare the document, and if he people who remembered the period Unfortunately, it has not yet been signed it, did so only under false of the trials, and managed to published in full in Ukrainian, pretences. More information about contact several individuals who although the monthly Novi Dni is the "recantation" is unavailable, were personally involved with the serializing the work, and a Russian- since Snehirov was kept in strict trials. > language version has been publish- At the Vegreville opening of Teach Me To Dance isolation during all of his stay in Snehirov denounces the far- ed in the quarterly Kontlnent scriptwriter Myrna Kostash. hospital.

Student, January 1979; Page 1 Letters to the editor are most welcome. All signed letters of reasonable length which comply with Canadian libel and slander laws will be printed unedited ( save for purposes of clarity) in this column. We will not print anonymous letters. If for personal reasons contributors wish to withold their names or use a pseudonym this can be arranged, but in all cases we require both a genuine signature and a return address. Canadian University Press, Your cooperation is ap- Svitlychna can work with the UCC predated. and the UCCA and other reac- Student, and the future Tim Hawiysh tionary bodies and still maintain Fathers and sons Winnipeg, Manitoba their credibility and independence STUDENT has undertaken a major change in its relations with son, now studying at the of action, then surely , asinnocuous Canadian society. My University of Alberta, subscribed a being as a socialist (and a Western By obtaining prospective membership in Canadian University Press Canadian variety at that) can come STUDENT for me and I find it very (CUP), STUDENT has pioneered a new era in ethnic relations in King Tut s curse refreshing reading. At times too out of the closet and work construc- Canada. It is important for Ukrainian-Canadian students to understand idealistic, at times too irreverent, at tively within the community. the significance ot this recent development. I to you Strybunetz that the approach of the times too leftist but these are the suggest I found The immediate ramification of this move for STUDENT is that we privileges even the obligations it is wishful thinking on your part, STUDENT editorial board lacking formal link with the Ukrainian Canadian and are forced to examine our to of the student years. that the P's and B's are out usurp in judgement in your last^cover Students' Union (SUSK). Although in practice STUDENT has enjoyed the UCC. A well known tactic to "Dissidents and Democracy I to Canada in 1947 and article editorial financial autonomy, constitutionally there exist provisions came and try after lumberjacking studied at the create an imaginary foe to and Highlight World Congress." that could give the SUSK National Executive effective editorial control Only hide your own short-comings. the items I found objec- University of Toronto where I Among of STUDENT. By joining CUP. STUDENT has committed itself to Ukrainian Students' an old guard KYK-ivets could make tionable was "... the "Banderivtsi" attaining complete autonomy by writing its own constitution, 'which belonged to the Club (1949-52). did not have the such a statement. composing the crudest faction in establish it completely independent of SUSK. We would as a body useful of journal STUDENT serves a very terms of their fossilized political This will be one of the issues that the STUDENT move will raise at luxury such a them. of the best for purpose if only to bring out structure are found in the forefront this year's SUSK National Congress (to be held in August in Montreal). With wishes your continued closet Peace River and any other of World War Two hangovers." The But there are other issues. Foremost among these is the entire question work, Dr. Bohdan Hawrylyshyn regional socialists to speak their use of emotionally charged words of ethnic and student integration into Canadian society. Director mind. in this case does not do credit to the As we all know the Canadian government is formally committed by Center for Education Nestor S. reputation STUDENT has gained as its policy of multiculturalism to the integration of Canadian ethnic in International Ottawa, Canada being by far the most objective minorities. The purpose of this committment is to guarantee each ethnic Management Geneva, Switzerland newspaper in the Ukrainian com- group a part in the control and development of our country. This munity. Certainly the editorial guarantee is designed to protect the cultural integrity of each ethnic board must realize thai. (1) it the minority. Ptooey! Banderivtsi are a "fossilized In practice, horizontal integration has rarely been applied in Strybunetz exposed political structure" then there are Canadian society except in the case of isolated individuals. And even The Peace River socialist (see Because Jars Balan considers also many others in our community, here, if we look at the economic and political decision making bodies, River Poshta" in the letters it "gracious" that STUDENT was and (2) that if an organization is to 'ethnics' are poorly represented. However we can point to readily "Peace of December 1978 allowed to print some of Ralph singled out then it must be done available grants for dancing groups, or even largesse in the importation section the be - convinced Gustafson's and Al Purdy's poems, justification and in a rational of pro-federalist Quebecois into Ottawa. The cards are stacked in STUDENT Ed.) has me with for the ("Images of Ukraine", l-ll), I will constructive manner. Canada against the genuine development of national integrity unless we that he is a spokesman and Committee refrain from giving my layman's National Executive are willing to kowtow to the Ottawa mandarins or the Bay street financial Ukrainian Canadian The SUSK gleans from comment on the poetical virtues of indicated on many occasions its wizards. This is unacceptable for those of us who wish to retain our (UCC). One has letter that is very these pieces. "editorially cultural and social integrity. Strybunetz's he support for an feel obliged to with the activity of I do, however, financially in- The price we must pay for maintaining this integrity is the unhappy modest autonomous and Professional and voice complaint to the editors STUDENT. This posi- abandonment of our old individualistic world view in order to the Ukrainian dependent themselves for their choice, which collectively contribute to Canada's development We need to educate Business Clubs (P's and B's). tion wilt undoubtedly continue in and Toronto, seems to have taken sarcastic above personal our Ukrainian community in methods of collective action that will not In both Edmonton the future and my their delight in letting the said poets stifle dissent and democracy. the P's and B's were asked by comments are not intended to over leadership (especially A. Purdy: Monastery of editorial freedom of On the other hand we face a much harder task in developing local UCCs to take infringe on the They have done the Caves) walk all over our motivation for collective community participation in Canadian society. of those branches. STUDENT. As far as the religious heritage. I cannot even Jacuta The least we can do is to stimulate Ukrainian Studenl Clubs across so in Edmonton. Dmytro P's B's chose imagine a studenl paper ot another President- 197-79 Canada to take a more active role in their local Students Unions. To national UCC, the and SUSK not to ptay a more meaningful role, ethnic group doing the same to their Edmonton, Alberta undertake an active role in student politics means that we must begin asked to do so. partly readers. educating our fellow students that collectively Ukrainians can make a although the treatment of Peter Hospitality is OK, but why let stronger contribution to student politics than they can as assimilated because of at the last UCC Conven- the guests spit into your kasha? individuals. Furthermoie we need to convince the SUSK National Savaryn Savaryn's Constitutional Com- Michael Petrowycz Executive to take a more active stand in studenl politics. For this is tion. mittee's report advocated bringing Rome where it can truly do Ukrainian-Canadian students some good. the UCC into the 20th Century as a Of course I am not suggesting that SUSK or STUDENT should preliminary step. abandon all interest m their community. Rather, I am arguing that in From your letter Strybunetz, order lor SUSK or STUDENT to be a vital part of the Ukrainian A hopeful Andrij Semotiuk and to a lesser community, it is necessary for these organizations to educate the interests in the activities ot B's pain your My community m democratic collective action By doing this are taking degree P's and we Ukrainian youth and the Ukrainian derriere. Is it their "thrust to our community out of its isolated environment and positing lor it a or that dissidents have increased m the last dynamic role in Canadian society democratize" the community few months. you fear the activities of the P's and Integration on a collective-national basis does n,ot occur at the cost subscription B's have attracted many of your Please send me a of cultural assimilation but is indeed essential for the development of a colleagues to their ranks, that for the upcoming year. STUDENT genuine multicultural Canadian society. _ rankles your Peace River tranquili- should give me an insight into these B.C- lead to ty! issues and may me Grigorenko, Plyushch and membership in SUSK in the future. liiiiiiiiiftiiitiiiiii»titmitiiiiiiiiiiitiiieiitiiiiini «*:«|

Vzhe pora chytaty STUDENT W ETUDIAIUT Studental — "V

Please address all correspondence to: STUDENT 11246-91 St. Edmonton, Alberta SUBSCRIBE! Canada TSB 4A2 — if you are a paid member of any Ukrainian Students Club

(SUSK) in Canada, then you wilt be receiving STUDENT STUDENT is a national, trilingual and monthly newsaper tor Ukrainian- Canadian students, published by the Ukrainian Canadian Students* Union regularly. — ifyouarenota member, then you stand to miss several STUDENT is a lor um (or tact and opinion reflecting the interests ot Ukrainian- issues of STUDENT this year. Canadian students on various topics — social, cultural, polilical and religious. DON'T BE DISAPPOINTED! ACT NOW! SUBSCRIBE! The opinions and thoughts expressed in STUDENT represent the particular SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE ONLY S4.00 PER YEAR. situation in which the Ukrainian-Canadian student movement tinds itself, both ' PUBLICATION. within the Ukrainian-Canadian community and within Canadian society. MONTHLY Opinions expressed in individual signed articles are not necessarily Ihose ot the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union or ol the STUDENT editorial board. Yes, I want STUDENT! = Please send S4.00 in Canadian funds Letters to the editor are welcome. We reserve the right to edit materials tor publication. NAME STUDENT STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF — Nestor Makuch 1 STUDENT ADDRESS ASSISTANT EDITORS — Jaroslaw Balan, Bohdanna Bashuk, = 11246-91 Street Roman Wynnyckyj Edmonton, Alberta CITY STAFF THIS ISSUE: Myrostan eodndTUk. Yaioslaw BoQnaiuk. BohfJan Chomiak, Nadya = CANADA TSB 4A2 COUNTRY Dmltriuk. Soma Hawiysh. Mykhailo llyniak Ivan Jaworskv. rtlysli, Volodymyr Koshovych Da*e Lupul. Olenka Lupul. Andrij Makuch. Daria Matkevych. Calvin Melnyk. Roman Oleksij. Roman Petnw lika Schaiabun. Yuriy Slcbclsky. Lew Slelmach. POSTAL CODE

Himuiiiiiiiiiiiiiii mi iiiim

Page 2: Student, January 1979 REBUTTALS AND REPLIES

A rebuttal to Lubomyr Luciuk's 'Remarks' w R Petryshyn Ukrainian urban villages are a necessity

for at least three reasons: Lybomyr Luciuk {STUDENT, No. 51 , December 1978. p. 5) choice, has strenuously argued that, "different Ukrainian immigrant (1) residents enter and leave the cooperative by public groups often chose to live apart regardless of the economic and unlike a ghetto, are not forced into it through English). conditions prevailing in the housing market at the time of their discrimination (i.e.. because of an inability to speak living, virtue arrival in Canada and subsequently." Indeed, he believes (2) candidates for voluntary cooperative by are cultural factors to be so strong in immigrant housing choice of their ability to change lifestyles, demonstrate that they "involvement" in bofn that he suggests a subsample of residents found in my prepared to accept the philosophy ot research may not be "trapped" by age and by lack of financing Ukrainian and Anglo-Canadian life. live in a cooperative is a pubhcand democratic institution (as I suggested), but rather, might actually prefer to (3) the dilapidated redevelopment area because of a "sense of place" and will function in a manner analogous to the situation ot participate in yet in their "ethnic village." (I disagree with giving ethnic culture Ukrainian Credit Unions; they society and this much force; economic considerations are more important they maintain their institutional separateness and cultural lhan ethnic culture in peoples' decisions about the location uniqueness. Such institutions are members of non-Ukrainian and kind ol homes they purchase.) provincial, national and international bodies,

in I is incorrect in his If we do follow Luciuk's theory, however, later on his For the above reasons think Luciuk criticism we see that it leads him into the opposite extreme for accusation. second and subsequent generation ethnics. When, in my seminar, I suggested the possibility of our community Urban village a realistic alternative establishing a "Ukrainian Residential Development Corpora-

' tion" to build a dozen or so, bilingual housing cooperatives. Is it really possible to build an urban Ukrainian village? I Luciuk expressed the view thai, ".. the notion of bilingual and believe it is. cooperative Ukrainian housing being established in present- First, witness the fact that Ukrainian Canadians have a day Canadian cities seems rather chimeral. Not only do we long history of constructing housing to meet the needs of our lack a consensus on just what a Ukrainian culture is, people. This is why student "bursas" were created and this is Ukrainian particularly when it comes to dealing with its being in Canada, continue to be successful; and why senior with but there is also significant divergence of opinion about the citizens homes now exist across the country, many more very meaning of the word Ukrainian itself." It seems that, for being planned. Ihe above proposal simply extends the Luciuk, cultural factors have now not only stopped being as principle of Ukrainian housing to new sectors and age groups; important as economic ones in Ukrainian housing, but they in some cases, the proposal suggests that groups (especially are to be defined out of existence! young families and senior citizens) not be separated away other in suburbia, but that they live together as a In my view both of Luciuk's contentions are wrong. First, from each as ol their economic conditions are Ihe primary cause of where and how community. I predict that this will increase the chances active Ukrainian Canadians (with a most people are housed. Second, ethnic culture is diverse living as conscious and work creatively together as a community, this is not to be an of assimilation) in the future. within the category "Ukrainian-Canadian", but it is not so lesser rate immigrant ghetto clustering together tor security! Their housing is being strongly diverse that participants do not know its meaning. On the basis Second, cooperative now concern is to develop their language and culture, to act the Federal, Provincial and many municipal of these two principles, during my November 14 seminar, I supported by politically in their Ukrainian-Canadian interests, to study and will provide up to"95 per cent mortgage proposed that the Ukrainian community use housingfacilities governments. CMHC be involved with modern Ukraine, and as a community, to live could surely raise five hundred as a mechanism against the process of assimilation, and. as a financing. Our community as cooperatively and humanly as possible. In my view, these dollars build a ten million dollar cooperative. This way to facilitate the development of creativity in Ukrainian thousand to are all objectives which are important enough to risk criticism profitable, investment which is socially useful, and Canadian culture, improve Ukrainian language fluency of is a secure, from the occasional Anglo-conformist to whom Luciuk seems political support could young people, and concentrate a Ukrainian population, an issue around which full community so attentive thereby enabling an easier pursuit of Ukrainian-Canadian be mobilized. There is an even more fundamental set of reasons why people, particularly those who are social and political aspirations. Third, many young Ukrainian Canadians must find ways and means to live their second generation, are still highly motivated with respect to culture in a contemporary form. Given the ethnic stratification their Ukrainian identity Competent in their careers, they The benefits of cooperative life nevertheless see no reason to transform themselves into URBAN VILLAGE continued on page -1) Anglo-Canadians or to consider their identity as second- in Edmonton and other cities the I have demonstrated that class Their kind ot Ukraimanism is built on a willingness to price of a home has already escalated beyond the purchasing conditions ability of over one-half the population; economic have already given rise to the emergence of cheaper forms of housing, such as condominiums, row housing, and the growth Lupul taken to task stress that ot build-it-yourself, cooperative housing. Let me will bo Ihe manner of housing inoroooingly , in the future, thia families, tor lower income groups, such as young and retired that those concerned with In my seminar, I suggested What is the real constitutional their assimilation in the Ukrainian-Canadian community turn attention to the potentiality of this matter. The home Christine Baian consumes a large part of people's time; the dimimshment of element in assimilation Ukrainian life in the home is a crucial issue? about which something can now be done, at least for some Ukrainian speaking Rather than attack a tie that is symbolic at its best and If community were to develop people. our Recent issues of STUDEN (Nos. 48, 49. 50) have carried Canada's urban centres, nonexistent most ot the time, Lupul should have tocussedon a cooperative residential villages in regar ding the new Canadian con- articles by David Lupul real and pervasive element. We as a nation' are many young Ukrainian families would willingly live in a much more t, nothing more slitutional proposals which are in my opinion, economically con' oiled by the United Stales both for the cultural benetit they and culturally and , Ukrainian environment of political structures of Canada. than superficial critiques the Lupul aptly speaks of is not the result experience, and for the lower expense of The colonial mentality so their children would typical Lupul si yle, criticisms are belaboured In the lengthy ot archaic wording in a constitutional document, but of the day cooperative housing. living in and biases thinly disguised in esoteric rhetoric. Lupul seems Americanism m our continental number of pre-requisites to day bombardment by In presentation I stressed a my ability tor f inding meanings in statements to have an uncanny situation. There is no denying American influence over for such housing: even those of the people, that and actions of government, am of mass communication and there is no denying the Residential Development Corporation mediums (1) the Ukrainian there result is a series of articles no one else thought were The extent of U.S. control of our economy. To reiterate, our cooperalive housing (i.e.. six to one should build a diversity of )le consequences of proposed which in no way explain possil present colonial mentality stems from the overwhelming centres; units designed to include the needs of hundred unit changes for the Ukraiman-C anadian community and the people; American presence in our day to day lives and not some 100 single people, small and large families, and retired Canadian nation. year old traditions and symbols brought out of the closet tor cooperatives structured to attract different kinds of interests Firstly, one must look at L jpul's concept ot constitution, Canada's subordinate mentality income, and occupational the occasional athletic event- including various ideological, for "concrete instrument which provides His desire a will not be obliterated by a change in wording of our groups', and so on.) of power may be definitions within which the exercise constitution when the reality ot the American influence feeds cooperative should be a mixture of rented and (2) each v. an unworkable notion. A practised" (August, 1978) this pitiful state of mind The time for harping on Anglo-Celtic society, should normally expect young owned units. (In our we survival depends not on its concreteness, but on accumulate constilution's discriminatory acts of the early 1900'shas long since passed families to rent for a period of time while they enough its flexibility. The definitions o' power must be broad for Lupul the Ukrainian-Canadian communily to cooperative and into it is time and equity, after which many will move out of levelsotgovernment. Likethe to allow for exchanges betweei wake up to the reality ot a modernizing and homogenizing, private housing.) foresee the immense fathers of confederation who c :ould not world. the quality of housing and attached cultural amenities (3) social changes Canada has c one through in the twentieth on the Canadian legal system society elsewhere. Lupul's discussion must be superiorto residences available in of confederation be century, neither can the preser t "fathers" (September-October, 1978) was an example of one school ol that bilingual cooperative housing must (Thus I suggested predict the cone itions of a future Canada. A critiquing the system day school expected to thought While he did an excellent job of privacy; it must have a residential Ukrainian ensure constitution should sel guid elines, not be an concrete, that constitution building should be have a cooperative he left the impression and internal television system, It should political change dogmatic instrument inflexible to social and out ot the hands ot government and placed in the hands cultural programme ol taken food store which lowers food prices, a Lupul calls for would reflect Thus, the kind of document of the judiciary There are some drawbacks to such a and community events, recreational facilities, would speakers current situations, thinking an d values and, in etfect, proposition, such as the issue of a narrow point ot view (after ofticers, and so on.) community development s not to say that all change is Lupul leels stifle change in Canada This all, judges were once lawyers and we all know how such a cooperative is to be conditional for (4) entrance to Lupul'; . constitutional definitions explore the good change, but that about lawyers). It must be said that Lupul does the applicant's willingness to participate in the co-op's only on Canada.are not ultimate achie cements. question of judicial obligation to human rights and to community life and to learn to speak, and function, places Ukrainian As a member of an ethn> ^cultural group which constitutional direction; however he does not fully expound boundaries. I do in Ukrainian while within the cooperative's Lupul's complete lack of judicial Some great emphasis on tradition , on the consequences of an overly powerful arm support any racial criteria, or even cultural "correctness." as a not consideration for this point witf regards to Canada comes of his inferences seem strange and his disillusionment with residents' entrv. theB.N.A. for shrink He stresses the aae and theoutdatednessof and bias towards the legal profession is blatantly obvious. Constitutions, Act, a document which is merely 112 years oJd. Perhaps the most interesting of Lupul's comments are notion, are not changed with every Specifically, Stimulation or "ghettoization"? contrary it seems to Lupul's those found in the final article (November. 1978). This not to say that the new trend of political thought. is his comment that the sweep of the "Conservatives to power m social and political of this will take document should be uneffected by radical federal election [will result inasituation] wherein real I believe that a Ukrainian environment type the next that procedures for influence should be slow, the division of powers will the best of the old culture (i.e., grandmothers teaching events, but federal-provincial negotiations over mechanisms of alteration If the shows a children Ukrainian) and be a stimulating environment for new deliberate and legitimate begin, unlettered by existing partisan acrimony" situation were otherwise. a nation's stability would be at stake- of federal-provincial bargain- creativity in Ukrainian Canadian culture. I have taken great complete lack of understanding is not in its age but in government will is cannot be Perhaps the problem with the B.N. A. Act not expect that a Conservative pains to stress that I believe culture dynamic and ing. We must formula, our own legitimate with the provinces. Peter preserved. Even In an environment constructed to favour its lack of an amending be more prone to reaching solutions changes can be enacted. have too much at stake, Ukrainian-speaking life, a Ukrainian cooperative residence is mechanism, by which necessary Lougheed. Bennett and Davis question of the monarchy. Lupul's provinces, to be taken in by part of, and must interact, with its larger environment. An This brings us to the personally and for their respective contention with the ex- supposedly similar urban Ukrainian village must consciously participate with its incessant, perhaps even fanatical corresponding nomenclature and connection is unwarranted and Conservative sweep will see an end to neighbours in city concerns; it must open its facilities to the istence of a monarchical ideology. H anything, a political of the present Canadian situation. general public; it must carry its creative arts and leaves an erroneous image of Lupul's ability could be so concerns into the society at large. Luciuk. however, seems to It is surprising that someone Canadian situation. The idea continued on page 11) refuse to accept this commitment; he prefers to call Ukrainian naive in his assessment of the (CONSTITUTION undermining cooperative housing a "gilded cage" and an "enclosure." that the British connection is alive and well and and social system is almost laughable. Is my proposal really a "ghetto"? My view is that it is not, the Canadian political

Student. January 1979: Page 3 Stepha Dmytnw The womens' question re-interpreted: Part I There's more to 'pannas' than meets the eye

entrepreneur — The article which you printed is to entice men, an that she learned and experienced it a long victim" This article was sent to Sludent by a Toronto reader in response to replete with a similar strain of would have capitalized oh especially all that "Plast

article. "Growing, up Female and Ukrainian" which we. reprinted in if stuff? Or because when she was but an spiteful outbursts. I don't know time ago. Piast- laugh- our March-April 1978 issue. Due lo its length, we shall p~'nt it in two these are due more to the phase and Most ol Lukomsky's a wee one American children reflect parts with the concluding part appearing next month. demands of the movement at the re lated comments ed at her braid and "ringworm" curl events time ot writing, or rrrareso to the stereotypical camps and do, "impractical" ribbon and Euro- author's personal past experiences which occur during adolescence, pean look carted over from Europe all are exaggerations and perpetuated by her mother? Or prior to that time. They were most though I feel to the norm. For because at the ripe young age of 1 8, for the whole women's likely derived trom a combination of when applied This little "panna" stayed home has come according lo Lukomsky, though she felt ridiculous in a long "liberation" spiel to be re-examined all of these. instance, It interesting— that this lonighl is actuality Hotbeds of white gown, she was urged to wear However. I do know that, at camps were in lor two and put in its proper perspective. By little panna stayed home— don't get it. least at the time of her writing, sexual frustrations." I it? "spiel" I mean everything from the reasons. The first is because it is a of build the vatry on top the Well, if she's not angry wilh us, Iruly ludicrous bra-burning incident Christine Lukomsky had not yet Did they Saturday night The second is her grown up. The displacement of tents or what? she certainly seems to be with happens that (which was in no way symbolic of a because it just so honesty in this part parents, as she criticizes them release irom societal-imposed con- anger and irresponsible use of Lukomsky's there is a hoopla of a Ukrainian particularly sensationalism throughout her arti- of her article is rather mercilessly. Seems Ihey the Seaway Towers strictions — at most, the need lo "zabava" at being the calls il cle are but two indications ot this. noteworthy. She admits to suggested (Lukomsky (his little panna hold public bra-burning (Hotel) tonight, and at camp. You at blackmail) that she go to representative of Her article is also sprinkled with "other" type of girl attempts was not encouraged, nagged, demonstrations is such meaningless, immature stabs know — the one who: a Debutante Ball, the establishment "blackmailed" into go- a woman's desire to be like a man) coerced or of ner in- of which she credits American extremely sound work-ethic as "'Some of the lousiest marriages I because ing by her supposedly typical to the the il happened in the know of started in just that fashion." telligence, has lo master society with. (Sorry, narrow, scheming, "obsessive." equality, which movement What does Morse code; learn European circles first.) Lukomsky "male- strives for. (At PlasI camp "vatry"). entire reared in the Ukrainian positions Ukrainian as this prove? Absolutely nothing. semaphore from all goes on to typecast the chauvinist patriarchal tradition" Barefoot and pregnant is cer- tent and dig "obsessive parent" when in reality tainly not my idea ol fulfillment Some of the best marriages I know possible; pitch a parents better candidates for the was there are Whal I did in good stead role, and a large assortment of clean my desk (yes, spring cleaning parents look right for the part. Take before la scuota). And m summer in your pick. I dislike pretense I ran am I glad I did. In so doing general; I declined requests to enter across the March-April, 1978 issue pageants on several occasions. Be of STUDENT, in which I noticed a that as it may. But on a moral nole five-year-old article by Christine Christine, you shouldn't bite the Lukomsky (originally written for an hand that fed you. American audience and published in New Directions) entitled "Grow- ing Up Female and Ukrainian." My THE ELUSIVE MR. RIGHT

only regret is that I did not read ihe

article sooner, and that I am not With respect to music lessons, aware of other readers' reactions to piano lessons and charm school, it if is sad that Lukomsky is under the You stated that you were prin- impression that Ukrainian parents ting "Growing Up Female and think the raison d'etre of such Ukrainian" on the occasion of activities is purely to supply one International Womer. s Day. O.K., or more preparation for "pannahood" at least intelligible, so far. But, it you — to provide yet another ploy with honestly feel lhat "many of its which to ultimately catch Mr. Right. points are of relevance to the

— and I am sure most Ukrainian Canadian even today," My parents parents — always had the enrich- and you did not print it for lack of a character the develop- related submission by a Ukrainian ment ot and ment ol sell-identity, if you will, in Canadian, well then. 1 have some or let serious questions to put to you. mind when they suggested their pursue some type of First of all: "Are you kidding?" daughter a ditch in record time; cultural endeavour. (Yes, just kidding) fashion (either). However, any feminist ol started in just that What become thoroughly familiar I don't wish to touch on First of all, was this the best of it? mean to imply that that's worth her salt should respect Does she with every sailor's knot ever Soyuzivka much because it is material you could find lo com- with all Plast the woman who may be satisfied we should dispense used and with more Indian somewhat ol a market, but I should memorafe the significant event that vatry, or all of Plast for lhal matter, with just that. I believe in equal signs lhan the Indians knew emphasize, only if you want it to be International Women's Day should simply because some of the lousiest rights for ALL. That is why I try lo 9 of: as well as be a facile The "commodity" transformation be In celebration of such a day as of started in respect both the feminist's and the marriages she knows papier-mache artist, a great does not have to take place. In her this we should be applauding just that fashion? veritable homemaker's position. I Soyuzivka sale, women for their evident ac- speaker with a tremendous discussion of the believe in the expression, "a man of complishments, not blasting them facility for quickly memoriz- though, Lukomsky's remarks about quality is not threatened by a for their supposed shortcomings, or OVERGROWN PEBBLE ing long Ukrainian poems, marriage, the doctor-lawyer-lndian woman of equality." At the same and syndrome, the overbearing bleating woe is me 'cause with a good Ukrainian dancer chief 1 particularly feel I time. I do not slander men at every don't that surrounded by a bunch of dumb 'She always traveled with a matchmaking mama, the dual lileof opportunity and ihereby bring to need to rectify Lukomsky's partial females Kobzar and a Ukrainian the panna and the phenomenon of light a desire to be superior, not just view of Plast life. Perhaps Plast- Lukomsky's article, while well- coslume and was tolerated the fading beauty are again tirst "equal." American-Style is not synonymous written (quite coherent, lots of by the other Plast pannas (if generalized and overstated, then

all I I can nol forget hearing one with Plast-Canadian-Style, but meaty words— but "insidious" was only] for the sake of tochky' restrictively applied to the Ukrai- feminist's shouls about, among seem to remember about Plast used twice) and imaginative, is nian community. other things, doesn't camps are the hikes, the singing how she need Further. Lukomsky. mentions otherwise dated, vindictive, full ol (I bet she could start a fire by a man to put a roof over her head and the Irogs (and the mosquitoes, venled frustrations, gross ex- rubbing two leaves together too!) "pecking order" in her description Incidentally, this has since been moths, ef cetera). Boys are sixth in aggerations and calculated mis- This briel. almost self-effacing of suitable suitors for a panna. It echoed by many a feminist. Such an recollection. Boys thai were represeniations In addition to this, confession of Lukomsky's made me may be that she took an introduc- absorbing irony' Well, no, maybe noticeably aware of so-called it attribules a vasl amount of wonder about two things. First of tory psychology course. In which you don'l need someone else's (i.e. puberty urges fall somewhere uriversal characteristics all. when did she get a second to case, I suggest she take gnother. a man's) finances to help you put a between lectures and washing the specifically to Ukrainians and possibly perceive boys being hotly only this time geared to understan- roof over your head, but chances dishes. And I cannot recall any girl Americans. For example, mosi aware of their oncoming puberty ding her parents a little bit better. are that roof was constructed by a pinning medals on her chest "just in tells every mother her children—noi urges 7 Second of all, how could she She has bouts of "nobody un- man — a stranger, nevertheless, a the righl positions of enticement." just her daughter, bul her son as possibly get sexually frustrated derstands me" and clamours tor man. Of course, the poinl is one She may have rearranged them — well— lo "be good ".and not lo mess when she was so obviously others' understanding of her goals, I — in order emphatic so what? So what if you as had to to prevent her up when they play These words engrossed in activity? yet she fails to make any effort to don't need a man to put a roof over from falling Hat on her face. (I have come from most every parent's Physiologically impossible. understand what her parents' goals your head? Fine Good foryou But recollect that one of Ihose Plast lips— not |usl from Ihe mother's, bul or wishes may be or may have been. why all the hostility? It is becoming "accoutrements" was actually a from the lather's as well—an increasingly apparent to me that good-sized rock masquerading as a THE REVENGER endless amount of times. Contrary (in)equality was not the only basis medal.) Even so. if an overgrown Do you think perhaps that she's to Lukomsky's suspicious, these (continued next month) for all the shouting pebble and Ihe likes has the power angry with us (Ukrainians) for all words were not invented by Ukrai- nian or American parents either The phrases go back further lhan Alberta cultural tour bolh of these cultures put together The article is a nice piece of liberation literature though, bul most of us are now long pasl Ihe St. John's Institute in concert hyperbole. We don't havelotlail our arms wildiy for attention anymore. Ukrainian at In lact. it often seems that just the students St. John's which this year houses about St. John's Institute is one of rehearse in their free time. index finger will do. Satire is one Institute in Edmonton will be mak- seventy students, male and female, four such institutes in Canada This year's tour schedule is as thing—anything may fall prey to ing their annual concert tour of between the ages of 17 and 26. which have as their chief aim the follows: satire in its due course. However, neighbouring areas near the end of While the majority are Ukrainian retention of their students' Ukrai- Calmar, 23 January 7:30 pm. Lukomsky states lhal she ispresen- January. The concert program Greek Orthodox by faith, some nian identity, language and culture. Edmonton, 24 January 7:30 pm. ling not a collection of satirical includes dancers, a choir, a musical students belong to the Catholic or These concert tours are one means Smokey Lake, 26 January 7:30 pm. remarks, but her beliefs. As ensemble and an operetta. United Churches. The rector, Mr. V. toward this end. Vegreville. 27 January 7:30 pm. St. Lukomsky also stales, "a plethora John's Institute, which lelyniak, lives together with the Each student in the Institute is Myrnam, 28 January 2:00 pm. ol information is now available on borders on the University of Alberta students and helps out with any involved in some aspect of the St. Paul. 28 January 7:30 pm. the subject" of women, and as far as campus, is a student residence problems which may arise. concert, which Is prepared and I'm concerned, hers is precisely one of Ihe superfluous bits thai we could do without,

THE LIBERATION SPIEL

I would like to clarify my position at Ihe very outset Thetime

Page 4: Student, January 1979 Ukrainian- Canadian

literary history Hrehory Kwas Two prominent figures from Ukraine. authorship) and his adaptations of Ukrainian-Canadian literary history Although he thought the the work were the ot others, such as Ivan focus of a talk given on 5 Austro-Hungarian regime would be December Franko's "Ne " (which he 1976 by Professor Yar more tolerant of his political ac- rewrote as a socialist Slavutych at the anthem University of Alber- tivities, Krat soon learned otherwise devoid of its nationalist content), ta, as part of the seminar series when he was arrested in 1 for 906 his showed originality and a facility sponsored by the Canadian In- involvement in the agitations for a with words. stitute of Ukrainian Studies Ukrainian university and deported But fate had something else in store for the radical-poet from Poltava. In an amazing reversal of his anti-clericalism, Krat was con- verted to Presbyterianism in 1915- 1916, going on to become the editor ot the Ukrainian organ of that church, and finally becoming a •Our agents who were keeping an eye on the pastor in 1920. With his conversion STUDENT delegates to the 41st Canadian University Press his poetic (CUP) National Conference, held m pen fell silent, and he left Edmonton from 26 December to 3 January, report that a large the literary-political scene. He died, CUP portion of delegates in the final hours of the plenary session (which a faithful pastor of his church dragged in out into the early hours ot January) 1952. 3 were rapidly approaching or had achieved a state of inebriation. They were amazed in The second poet discussed by that an ostensibly democratic society a conference of such Professor Slavutych was Tymish magnitude in the student community would be run in such an alcoholocratic' manner. Pavlychenko native of Podillia who worked most of his life as a •Those of our readers who will be in Edmonton on 20 professor of plant ecology at the January should consider attending a benefit for the University of Saskatchewan, Toronto-based journal (a where forum for Yar Slavutych critical analysis and discussion of the Ukra.nian Dr. he also taught Ukrainian for two question r pe and rela,ed '^'national issues) which After a lew brief remarks about back to Eastern Ukraine. When his years. Pavlychenko received his ffn!£ will be held at 1 1007-85 Avenue. Admission is only $3.00 and what he described as "a rich Ukrai- father bailed him out for a large doctorate in agronomy participants are assured sum and botany good food, . good company, good discussion and nian literary tradition in Canada," of money, the young radical from an American university, and good entertainment. dating back to 1898 — when the first promptly used the opportunity to came to Canada in 1927. •Bilmguahsm and Christmas—overheard in one of original poems, written by an Alber- flee to Switzerland under an assum- A strong nationalist and an Edmonton's English- French bilingual classes (a bilingual ta pioneer ed active sludent ot-another kind speaking) named Ivan Bura, name. member of MUNO the scien- Boy, you French ana us Ukrainians are sure lucky., appeared in Svoboda — Arriving in tist began writing we get two Professor in Canada 1909, Krat in 1930 and soon Chnstmases!" Three Pater Nosters two aspirins, and a sleep Slavutych directed his attention immediately immersed himself in was having his work published in good would probably cure him. towards two of the more interesting political activity, joining the bud- various Ukrainian community characters from among the ranks ding Ukrainian newspapers and of socialist circles magazines. His •Jobs for Ukrainians! The Soviet Union is building a new trans-Siberian Ukrainian-Canadian writers. The there. Besides editing a socialist work, as described by Professor railroad line and many Ukrainians are joining the work crews. Perhaps first, Pavlo Krat, was perhaps the paper, working Slavutych, is at various jobs, and characterized by his the Soviet department of industrial development will consider job most fascinating and his biography publishing an anti-clerical humour use of naturalistic imagery to con- applications from Ukrainian-Canadian students who are unfolded like a romantic novel. magazine, Krat also vey nationalist unemployed found time, in sentiments. The this summer. Born in Poltava in 1882. the son 1909, to publish the first book of Darwinian struggle for survival of a veterinarian descended from Ukrainian socialist songs. The pop- served as a metaphor with which •More skeletonsin our closet. The the Cossack CBC's Fifth Estate recently aired a nobility, Krat was ularity of this songbook is attested Pavlychenko could urge his fellow segment dealing with the shady past of the primarily Ukrainian- socialized in a nationalist Ukrainian to by the fact that it sold nearly Ukrainians to be strong and thus populated town of Wakaw, Saskatchewan. The town was described as "a environment and thus became 50,000 copies in several editions triumph over their enemies. Chris- little Chicago, the Dodge City of the Canadian politically West and the most violent conscious at a fairly early printed tian - over the ensuing years. ideals were cast aside on his town in Canada from the early 1900 s to the 1950V Itwasasensational, age. By 1900 he had joined his first Krat, who began writing poetry militant nationalist appeals, and this sensationalized story. Local residents are rightfully upset political organization — in the 1901 , is also credited with several theme prompted some discussion Revolutionary Ukrainian Party unique literary achievements, such among the participants at the •The conflict between Gregorian and Julian calendars becomes generally associated with" as being the first to translate the seminar. Unfortunately, the debate especially acute at Christmas time(s) Consequently, acompromise has Mikhnovsky and Vynnychenko — "Internationale" into Ukrainian, and degenerated somewhat into a half- been suggested by the Delegation of Ukrainian Nativitists for Christmas and was to continue his political being the first to collaborate with a humorous and totally unsatisfac- Extension (DUNCE) m wh 1C h the Christmas activity season for Ukrainians for some fifteen years. A Canadian — Florence Randall tory consideration of whether or not would be observed as a holy month lasting from Dec. 19 (St. Nicholas populist-socialist with nationalist Livesay — on a translation of strong nationalism of the variety Day) to Jan. 22 (Ukrainian Independence Day). leanings, Many are already Krat soon ran into trouble Ukrainian literature into English. championed by Pavlychenko in- following this solution and numbers are expected to increase with the authorities and was forced Songs that he wrote in Canada were variably lead to a fascistic outlook to leave Kiev, where he was atten- sung in his native Ukraine (usually on the world. On this note, the ding university, for Lviv in Western without acknowledgement of his seminar ended. A unique educational opportunity A Canadian course in Ukrainian political theory first of its kind Nestor Makuch Several students at the Univer- the discussions but also presented tion. Some even suggested that ty from the half year course, but the recommended it highly sity of Alberta recently completed a a fascinating lecture outlining the History 425 be expanded into a full divergence of political and social It was also felt that Dr Rud- seminar course in the history of social coordinates of modern Ukrai- year course which could then thought between the emigration nytsky's personal insights into the modern Ukrainian social nian social and and political thought. examine not only the many figures and the Ukrainian SSR. All felt that figures discussed, gleaned either political thought. which turned out The course itself was struc- who had to be omitted by necessi- the course should be continued and from personal acquaintance or to be not only unique a opportunity tured as a seminar course. Follow- through secondary associations, in Canada to study ing Ukrainian three introductory lectures, the added a valuable dimension to the history at an advanced level but a students presented original course which the students would rewarding learning experience for seminar papers on various promi- not have received merely through those involved. nent Ukrainian thinkers or groups their readings. Entitled "Topics of thinkers, in Ukrainian the Society of Saints Of what value is a course in History" (History 425), the course Cyril and Methodius; Mykhailo Ukrainian social and political was offered in the fall 1978 semester Drahomanov; Mykola Ziber and thought? Besides being a as a response by the instructor, Dr. Serhii Podolynsky; luliian stimulating field ol research, the Ivan L. Rudnytsky, to the continual- Bachynsky, Mykola Porsh, and Lev topic is of value in providing one ly good support received by the four lurkevych; Vasyl Shakhrai and with insights which facilitate an one-semester survey courses in Mykola Skrypnyk; Dmytro Dontsov; analysis of the current situation in

Ukrainian history (Ancient and the Ukrainian nationalist un- Soviet Ukraine. "I am convinced.'' Medieval Ukraine, Ukraine in Early derground during World War Two; claims Dr Rudnytsky. "that the Modern Times, Nineteenth Century the Ukrainian dissent of the 1960's various schools or trends in Ukrai- Ukraine, and Twentieth Century and 1970's. Or Rudnytsky also nian social and political thought Ukraine) which he currently offers presented a seminar on the conser- which existed prior to the Soviet era in a two year cycle. To his vative thinker Viacheslav Lypynsky. have not vanished, but have been knowledge, History 425 is the firsl The students were to some driven underground. They are likely advanced course in Ukrainian degree hampered by the lack of to re-emerge, although, ot course, history ever offered at a Canadian adequate resource texts or survey in a changed form." university. works, since the history of social "This is evidenced by the The labelling of the course as and political thought is a neglected writings of many Ukrainian dis- "topics" indicates flexibility as to its area in Ukrainian historiography. sidents. Ivan Dziuba may be con- content. Dr. Rudnytsky, a professor "No systematic work on this subject sidered an heir of the national of history at the University of exists so far." explained Dr. Rud- communists' of the 1920's, and Alberta, chose the specific subject nytsky, "although, of course, there many motives of interwar integral of modern social and political is no lack of scattered contributions nationalism' are to be found in thought since it happens to be the and a wealth of primary sources." Valentyn Moroz Mykola Rudenko area of his own scholarly interest The pioneering nature of the course on the one hand, appeals to Serhii However, the course, which he added to the students' enthusiasm Podolynsky. and, on the other hand, hopes to offer every other year, will for their subject. displays certain striking parallels not necessarily be restricted to this Both the instructor and the with Viacheslav Lypynsky.'' topic as he feels that there are many students were extremely satisfied "Great interest among Soviet other attractive subjects in the area with the course, and with the level of Ukrainian intellectuals in the of modern Ukrainian history which the papers and discussions. The heritage of Mykhailo Drahomanov would lend themselves to study in students all found, the course in- is evidenced by the 1970 [Soviet) such a course. tellectually stimulating and edition of his writings." Dr. Rudnytsky was assisted in challenging, the instruction ex- "In general, the identity of a the course by Dr. John-Paul Hlmka, cellent and objective, and the field nation consists in the continuity of who not only contributed greatly to of study worthy of further investiga- its thought." Dr. Ivan L. Rudnytsky

Student. January 1979: Page 5 Student interview: Part II Are barriers to Sov

This article is the concluding part ot our two-part interview with the Sovietologist Alix Holt. In this portion, Holt analyses the situation of women in the Soviet Union and in the West and oilers some thoughts on prospects lor the (, future. STUDENT: Official Soviet ideology tells us that women have been .emancipated in the USSR? Do you agree? ) Holt: Take the lite of the ordinary Soviet women. She gets up at between seven and eight o'clock in the morning, gels breakfast for her (ami ly and then rushes off to work. She works in her office or factory for eight hours, using her lunch break to rush round the shops and buy food. After ". : ? - work she returns to the queueing and then lugs her purchases home. „ , . - , She cooks the dinner, eatswith'her family. Then she washes up, puts the - , children to ? . ' bed^does some housework—perhaps some washing—has a ) 110- — . ) , - ? - quick look at the paper and goes to bed. That's her routine five days a - — forty eight . - , - , - week, weeks a year, — . , , I don't think that anybody m their right mind could argue that this is . , ? „ " ? liberation. , .. ". , ' ; As far as I'm concerned liberation means individuals gaining more - . control over the conditions their lives. liberation , , of Women's means , .". - freeing us from the impact that the accident of gender has over our life , - , ,, ". „, ; experience. In present society— both in the West and in Eastern Europe — - , -- the schooling we get, our expectations, job opportunities, the way we : „ ?", ?" - - , , , perceive the world, the way we feel and think—all is coloured by the ..". . , - gender we acquire in the early years of childhood and adolescence. : .- '. Women's liberation is a two-fold process: on the one hand women have , ) . „" ( - to be brought into the national economy, into the labour force and on (he . - , ) , other the family and the domestic lasks which for so long have shaped , . ? women's experience need to be replaced. Alternatives to the nuclear , - , - family need to be created and control gained over reproduction as well < , as production , In the Soviet Union nearly ail work outside the home. - women But all in the home well little Hire- .,„- , they work as and very has been done to , socialise domestic tasks So women have a "double shift' Soviet ". - , - ? ? propaganda does not adrrjit that this is a problem. It is quite shameless in - - . . the way it glorifies the "double shift' that women have to perform. 1 1 . ; - , , . Especially on International Women's Day newspaper articles talk of the '. soul, R : „ , 'warmth of the female the solicitude of wives and mothers which , makes the Soviet family strong' for . Women are praised somehow . , , managing to a job. bring children, the dinner, - , do up cook clean the . II , house still . ". ; and have enough time to make sure they are looking pretty. ) — < . .-. „" ,- ! - It's not praise that women need, it's help and change . ' STUDENT: on experience, attitudes . Based your what are the ol Soviet ? — , women to the 'women's question ? , ? , - if ? , , , . - Holt: you mention women's liberation' to Soviet women they will , usually either raise their eyebrows or a puzzled expression, for assume , ; 7(1 , ] one thing most of them consider the idea of any organised action rather * 1 1 , , v '? , . na've. They know what happens to people in their society who try to . make a protest and so they do not believe is , ,? there any way they can ,\ change things. In the second place they are often unwilling to admit that , any problem exists anyway. They have enough equality, thank you. Rohii Surveys which have examined the attitudes of Soviet men and , women lo sex roles have invariably shown them to be very conservative. . ? . Men, and women loo, consider a woman's greatest > embellishment lo be her femininity. Women are modest, dependent, indecisive, hysterical; men by definition are gallant, strong resourceful and intelligent. II : , ( 15 Etiquette books lay out a complicated code of behaviour based on 1 ' ? differences: gender man should stand up when a women-enters the - - , 15 room, when walking along the street should offer her his arm —, and walk her left-hand or - on side— maybe her right-hand side I really can't remember Men should ask women lo dance, should pay for them in restaurants etc. etc. At least some of this has become common practice.

I know this because I have repeatedly been helped inlo coats and on to buses.

But when I talk to my Soviet women friends—who are mostly working class women with young children—about the problems of their daily lives and not about the woman question', as such, Hind that they are very cynical about the very critical of the quality that then society has seen fit to give them and that they do not altogether accept traditional sex roles They find the strain of their household commitments almost impossible to bear and consider that the 'double shift' is unfair. When I asked whether they thought men capable ot doing housework and looking after children they replied: yes, certainly; yes, definitely; but added that their husbands refused to learn to cook or would only wash the nappies when pressunzeo It seems clear to me that Soviet women are not what they used to be Expectations are changing and changing fast, particularly amongst the younger generation Recently a Soviet newspaper, theLiterary Gazette, quoted a survey which had asked girls at secondary school to list the qualities in men and women they thought most important. They didn't pick 'bravery' or 'strength of characier' as the most important quality in a man; instead they chose 'respect for women' And in women they saw as most important not femininity, but dignity and self-respecl Housewifery they put in twelth or thirteenth place. The researchers were in a panic — the education system was not teaching roles properly and something

would have to be done aboul if. I, on the other hand, was most encouraged STUDENT: Compare the position of women in the West and in the USSR. Who is better oil where? Holt: In a way this seems to me like asking whether it is better to be fried in vegetable or corn oil. There are so many parallels between the position of women in Western and in Eastern European countries. In both instances women's position in society is mediated by her position in the family What I mean is that woman has a special role in the family She is responsible tor bringing up the children and for doing the housework. This determines how women are involved in paid labour outside the home, that they are most often found in ihe unskilled, lower paid |obs. that they are less likely to get promotion and positions in the decision-making process In Canada and Great Britain the higher you go up the ladder in any profession the fewer women you find. The same is true in the Soviet Union Something over 70% of Soviet doctors are women, but hardly any women are surgeons or head doctors. If you have seen Soviet government delegations on the TV news you will have noticed the absence of worried

However, if is the pattern similar it is not identical; the pattern is less pronounced f The proportion of women in higher education is higher in (he USSR than in the West. Women are 51% of the Soviet student body. Though you find that women are clustered, as in the West, in the humanities a much higher percentage of engineers — 39% are women and the number of in women the legal and other professions is much ligher than anywhere in the West. Also the Soviet state has gone turther than Western states to make women's domestic and work roles

Page 6: Student, January 1979 Soviet women's progress insurmountable? with the women in d.svdents raised the question of women? I! not. that rn the meantime we were a 'diversion from real zts lor the no," the struggle I am not exaggerating. Socialists have changed because they nave come Holt.Hnit- The ««, t n . . under answer to Bthat question is. untortunately, no Not pressure from the yet. Agroup womens movement, ihey have nad to recoqmse the TelZu^ centralist women's oppression .he needle, a fautonomous w^ens SOnEaS 'e,n Europedeahngwah movement for women and a morecarefurapproach to in* question ot class ano and the family (Labour Focus is a * Si socialist bulletin publishedniihi.tho* in, n i gender divisions inm societytnr, .„ London that seeks to give information c those campaigning for democratic " was only when women themselves began sensi national and working class rights in these soc.et.es. ( dissatisfaction We we^anxTous'to wHh 'their Jives that ri apprecate the woman question , am sure the same m.ng the w.M happen « d ssidenl movement took up the questions ot wornens Extern Europe rights. On the As women become more vocal on the,, own behali the question of womens participation we tound a lot dissident of material Women movement will raise the question 01 womens nohts have picketed, gone on hunger strike, gone to prison The number of STUDENT: Particularly those ot the What are the possibilities ol a women's movement arisingm Ukrainians and the J Crimean Tartars has been high. In January 1978 an the Soviet Union'' Association of Free Trade Unions of Workers in the HOLT: I'd say not ,n ^ USSR was set up by the near future In so man/ ways Soviet societv individuals who had been unfairly dism.ssed from work or their seems to be ten to fifteen years nad benmd us So l mink we should not rights disregarded in other ways and lound expect anything that they could not get for some time Its very difficult tu predictions and justice through the official union 1 structuies c °uld be I 52 ol wrong I the first 1 10 members am but I dont think so were women the On second question of how the dissident movement " 'he economic problems ol the Soviel - economy per S1S i which has taken up women s issues we more or less lm SUfe they will - drew a blank We combed and if the government seeks a way out ny trying lor manifestos and other dissident literature withoul mure control over lindmyany lelerences women s reproductive choices it is quite possible thai to the defence of women s rights wrote professional We to women living in exile m women will form some kind of pressure group to deteno Pans. London and New York, asking them to describe how they had their status in production. It is signtlicant that tne only example I know ol become involved in the dissident movement, women in Eastern how oemg a woman Europe organising over a women issue is a petition affected their activity and the imparlance they attacnea to womens signed m 1973 by 2000 Hunganansm protesfal their governments plans issues None ol them bothered even to reply Cleany 10 tighten abortion legislation they do not The emergence of a, mass womens consider the woman question ol political significance movement in the near thin* ot future is difficult lo envisage Tnere is simply no themselves as mens equals and as lighting for wa 31 human democialic ngnis Y 'he present time that women can meet together to share their compatible. The which are at once more universal and serious ideas and discuss ways .mpiement provision of day-care centres is much better than change The only women s anywhere in If you look at the dissident movement m tne otnei organ.sat.on that exists the the West and charge nominal lees. Pioneer camps take countries ol m USSR is a Committee ol Soviet Women Eastern Europe youfinuthesame situation which has its children for the summer months — also for a A great Oeai ol literature h rfs office just oil Pusnkin Squaie in tne centre ol Moscow nominal charge — giving been the produced, but nardly anything has been said about Mos t Soviet women -not working mother a little time to herself the inequalities do even know ol us existence and it they do they ol women in these This societies quite rightly dismiss it as a rubber-siamping. means that the working class woman in the Soviet Union has a tormality mat has never I don't think this little more room for silence is particularly surpr n denied the governmenl anything always self-development She has no problem finding a job and does as it is told fifteen years ago socialists in the little problem finding West rareiy il me 'The whole questions ot womens rights and the a day-care centre. She is a little less hemmed in by possibilily of a woman question I her family situation. remember the uphill struggle first womensmovemenl forming is bound up with the It is important to recognise these differences but question of demderatic also organised a womens group We were lold that all oi rights. Only as the democratic fights how relative they are The child-care facilities are not open twenty- ,ed to speak Tieet. publish Ireely are four from the fact we we're middle-ciass. that working class women didn won will women be able to come together hours a day The jobs women do are still usually boring. and tight for their liberation Women do nave problems and understood not have control over their lives. that the class-struggle was the rnportant thing; that tne revolution would solve all our problems What can Ukrainian students contribute to

community development? Dmytro Jacuta This article was originally presented ' at the SUSK workshop following the Canadian Institute ol Ukrainian leaders to fulfill hierarchy), properly serve the needs of our Studies' conference on "Social Trends among Ukrainian community today. Our associations are unable, even after the Canadians' held in Ottawa in 1978. September greatest exaggeration of figures, to encompass even 10% of our youth Memberships instead of growing are dwindling. Ukrainian youth organizations and the many summer The objective conditions today demand a higher level of camps that they hold every year, constitute what is probably organization, whereas a number of different factors militate

the pride of our organized community lite in Canada. It is the against this change. One factor is the subjective state of the organizations that become the primary socializing agents, and community, which finds itsell unduly .influenced by concep- it is to them that the hope and future of our ethnic community tualizations of the past. Another factor that traps these youth is often entrusted. organizations and a great part of our community development In Canada today, the six main youth groups are SUM, in the past is the nature of voluntary organizations that rarely PLAST, ODUM, MUNO, SUMK and UKY The fact that six offers them the opportunity to critically assess their activities,

organizations exist contributes to the fallacy of a highly their recruitment programs, etc It has been my experience organized Ukrainian community. In terms of community that most youth organizations spend their time fighting a

development, I will be discussing firstly the positive steps that battle to maintain just the existing levels ol service. our community has taken in the past as exemplified by youth Summer camps typify this experience as the camps are organizations and why these organizations today are administered by volunteers (meaning people who are not regressive negative forces on the further development of our recreation or camp specialists) and staffed by counsellors

community Secondly, I will discuss the input students have ^who are both much too young and ill prepared for the

had. either as student members of the community at large or as responsibilities assigned to them. It is no wonder that many of members of SUSK, in the functioning of the youth our young people attend holiday camps, tennis camps, organizations. Summer camps will be used as illustrative horseback riding camps, etc.. that are run by professionals* _ examples, as they typify the height of the youth organizations' with better programs and often at comparable or cheaper cost activity. to the parents. The structure ot formally organized Ukrainian Ukrainian students, have always been active in the various organizations is mirrored in microcosm in the six youth youth organizations, often during their student years as well

organizations. The pre World War II community is represented as before. For the most part this activity has been energetic by the organizations SUMK, UKY and MUNO The post World and sincere Many students feeling close to Ukrainian youth, War II community developed the organizations SUM, PLAST and still having fresh in mind the pains of growing, the dilemas and ODUM. The main concrete difference between these two of being Ukrainian within a Canadian environment, etc.. have groups is the level of language retention, with the older three made efforts at improving programs and "giving more of groups operating with much more English than the groups of themselves" to the young people. Lacking however, has been the more recent immigration. Activities of all the groups are of an attempt to critically assess the framework of this existing a recreational and cultural nature. Cultural activities in the activity. older three groups are aimed at a re-kindling of cultural Innovations in the area of youth groups have been few In interest whereas the newer groups are involved in retention ot recent years the only example of note, is the attempt by SUMK culture. The newer groups are nationalistic, whereas the older to initiate a new type of camp, the Selo. or cultural immersion groups often have their nationalism tempered by two or more camp. The Selo program again, however, does not represent generations of isolation from the Ukraine. any fundamental changes in the way that summer camps are At the time of their formation, these organizations tulfilled run in the community, or in the organization of SUMK itself. certain needs of the community. These were all concerned SUSK, as an organization of students, is in a unique with the proper socialization o! Ukrainian youth. Proper in this position because within its ranks are found members ot all the case meant, fine, young, upwajdly mobile, lower and middle youth organizations as well, as students who come into SUSK class Canadians who were being brought up with an with little or no previous Ukrainian organizational awareness of a historical and nationalistic Ukrainian background SUSK has, in the past, on a number of occasions background. capitalized on this and held panel discussions on the various Sociologically the youth organizations can be youth organizations designed to bring a greater" awareness of ' characterized as voluntary associations. Quite often the these organizations to all. This in itself was a constructive organizations. groups are structured in such a way that rewards and effort for both SUSK and the various youth financial resources could be saved and used more wisely, sanctions are inoperative variable. People who devote time to However SUSK has not assigned the necessary priority to the human resources could be shared, services offered to development, the organizations are often poorly rewarded monetarily, and question of youth organizations and community members could be of a wider scope, antagonisms between analyzed, to take a position and poorly rewarded in terms of formal honours bestowed upon to have it properly and organizations would be reduced and the negative effects ol them. The voluntary nature of the management ot these subsequent action on it. this on the youth eliminated. The transformation of these proximity these associations has far-reaching implications today. In the past, In effect then, despite the of SUSK lo organizations would also take them of the realm of the seemingly natural influences that however, the objective conditions that the community found organizations, and the voluntary association and into the professional. itself in, subjective will to organize, SUSK could have on them, any developmental activity which and the most properly and SUSK would have to draw on the availability ol students naturally itself in the has occured at the national, club, or fieldworker level, has not manifested organizations we have today. from various organizations in its ranks, and through them had focus. socalled "game-plan". However objective circumstances today are greatly different, a There was no develop the various strategies necessary. This would include The possibility exists for SUSK to initiate discussion and in terms of community development, and levels of sensitization of community and organization members, organizational activity, our community among all the youth organizations on prospects tor the future. youth organizations through the logistics of integrating the hierarchies of the is Many of the will initiate this themselves, one of the have greatly failed. Today not thirty years ago with our groups not organizations and the integration of financial resources. This people after reasons being the respective vested interests working tor the struggling to buy homes leaving the DP camps, could be done through various lobbying tactics, forums, status could bring into the public sphere the and today is not fifty years ago with our people struggling quo. SUSK public discussions, and specially called conventions. within racist discussion of eliminating the redundancy among youth an Anglo-Celtic environment. The voluntary But without any concrete action, this is merely idle talk. association cannot, because of its inherentdeliciencies(i.e. organizations. Duplication of services could be eliminated,

Student. January 1979; Page 7 SUSK WESTERN CONFERENCE WINDSOR: Club president Myron Oleksyshyn reports that the club's Ukrainian table was a hit at the university's International Cuisine Night. In January the club will be carolling, running aco-ed volleyball team and Hosted by the Alpha Omega Ukrainian Students' Club organizing a ski trip to Michigan. at the University of British Columbia

KINGSTON: Queen's University Ukrainian Students' Club is again sponsoring their annual "Ukrainian Pub Night Extravaganza," to be held February 17-19, 1979 26 January Irom 8:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. at Grant Hall (Main Campus). Guests have been invited from Ottawa, Toronto. Montreal and all Ukrainian Student Clubs in the vicinity. Admission is only $2.50 and the Theme: Where are we going? event will feature Ukrainian dancing groups from Kingston as well as a P.M. Conference fUBC) live Ukrainian band. The aim of the evening? To get Ukrainian students Friday. 16 February 6:00 SUSK Presidents' from across southeastern Ontario and Quebec together for an evening 8:00 P.M. Registration (or ail participants (UBC) of good limes! For information call Dave Shewchuk (549-7801) or 9:00 P.M. Korchma (pub) (SUB-UBC) Bohdan Oleksyshyn (548-7235). Saturday. 17 February 10:00 A.M. Ukrainian bilingual education (Capilano College) 1:00 P.M. Where are we going? SUSK and the community in the future {Capilano College) 4:00 P.M. Depart tor evening activity (disco and skiing at Grouse Mountain)

Sunday. 18 February 1 1 :00 A.M. SUSK cuKurai workshop (Capilano College) 4:00 P.M. Closing remarks 6:00 P.M. Evening session (T.B.A.)

Registration is only $20.00 and includes all the above except ski-tow tickets and ski rentals'Hotel rooms available at approximately $5.00 per night«Send pre-registration with name and address by 1 February and pay only $15.00«Make cheques payable to Alpha Omega Ukrainian Students' Society

Registration and further information:

Sharon Malchuk Box 723 Walter Gage Residence University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T IK2 (604) 224-4702

Queen's club president Bohdan Oleksyshyn (right) and - past, vice-president Jerry man the the club's informa- tion table at Queen's University "club night." Psychological tales EDMONTON: The following poem was composed by a few of the more Before discussing psychology, psychology, which is loosely defin- — a time when the need arises to poetic club me nbersdiinnci the festivities' following ihe fall club elections life tone dispel a myth about ed as the study of human interac- tone down one's social and which brought Jimmy Carter to the otlice ol club president. one must psychology and psychologists. tion, opinions and attitudes. My first up one's academic life. To reduce Psychologists do not have a study investigated the commonly trie pangs of guilt a student oc- miraculous ability to fathom the held assumption that females talk cassionally feels after attending too "» ;) , Vera I zabavy, we (my partner . depth of peoples' personalities on longer on telephones than males. many " I) mix Hutzuliak, and decided to :-\' their first encounter. asked the simple question "Is this , at business with pleasure. Why not This aside, psychologists can true?" and watched people pay- 1 be divided into numerous phones to investigate the matter. conduct a study at azabava ? , \ categories. The type that teach at However, a telephone conversation Given this ideal setting we universities are primarily research requires two people, either of which searched for a phenomenon " oriented. They are interested in how could be a male or female. How was amenable to study in this setting- Dating behavior soon rose to the people know, how they perceive, I to determine the sex of the person of our list. Who goes out with remember and learn, how they at the other side of the line? I asked top develop from infancy to adulthood, people, after they had put down the whom to zabavy and who asks a how they interact with other people, receiver, the sex of the person they whom to dance? We rounded up 131. off to how to explain maladaptive were speaking with. few of our friends and drove a » behavior, thinking disorders and My general conslusion, based zabava at St. Basil's College in a personality problems. Usually this on this pay-phone research, was western Toronto. Each of us had pre-printed with . psychologist is specialized in a that neither males nor females talk small notepad and we all : specific research area. longer. On home phones this might appropriate rating scales - en- There are other breeds of be different. Sex might not be the positioned ourselves near the

. II , psychologists who exist beyond the determining variable at all. The trance to the dance floor. We rated Universities — clinical psy- personal relationship between the forty couples on attractiveness, chologists (concerned with the communicators could, for example, height and other variables. The treatment of maladaptive behavior}, be the important factor. findings — attractive men go out Dissident reaches England industrial, counselling and After developing a severe with attractive women, less attrac- educational psychologists. phobia of asking people questions tive men with less attractive women, all cases the male was taller As a student of psychology, I which were al least to some extent and in

Mykola Buduliak-Sharyhin. a elsewhere oppressed completed during my first year a none of my business, I decided to than the female British engineer born in Ukraine political views. few studies in the area of social look at some available archival data. We also found that one is more more who has spent ten years in Soviet At this time it was raining a lot in likely to rate the opposite sex prisons and labour camps, Toronto a^d everyone was dream- extremely than one's own sex. In is more likely to flew to London, England on Podrabinek's hampered ing about Florida sunshine. other words, a male appeal is attractive or November 1 9 atter being released in People's-moods can be affected by say that a female very September and given an exit visa by the weather. How is their behavior very unattractive than to say the a member of his own the Soviet authorities. Sharyhin was accurate transcript would show the affected? I hypothesized that an same about Alexander Podrabinek, a male he is more born in 1926 and left Ukraine during verdict of guilty to be unjustified. At increase in precipitation could sex. When rating a leading opponent of Soviet psy- likely to place him near the middle World War II, when he was only 15 the same time the authorities are cause an increase in emigration. chiatric abuse, is being prevented attractiveness scale. years old. He was arrested when he increasing pressure on the Working The more it rained in a country, the of the from appealing agair.st his five-year I However, all readers of psy- travelled to the Soviet Union in Group to Investigate the Use of more people would leave. found exile sentence by unexplained usually be 1968 as a representative of a British Psychiatry for Political Purposes, this to be true lor most European chological literature will delays in providing a trial transcript con- electronics firm. He was convicted Ihe group to which Podrabinek countries. Oddly enough the op- able to find examples which for his Soviet lawyer. The judge's in anti- posite relationship discovered tradict the conclusions of the oi treason and engaging belongs, by reprisals against its was reluctance to produce the transcript described above. Although Soviet activities during the 22 years chief psychiatric consultant, Dr. in England; the more rain, the lower studies is probably related to the severe is intuitively he lived in Britain, and sentenced to Voloshanovich, and by treating the emigration. In passing I learned one counter-example criticism which the trial has provok- ten years imprisonment. Under that Copenhagen has the most rain more immediate, it does not rule out Podrabinek's brother, . Kirill. with ed and to official fears that an global finding which is Soviet law people who are born unusual severity in prison. in Europe and England has merely the more In other Soviet citizens are still considered an average amount. The data I based on a large sample. to be citizens after they have left the looked at went back approximately words, individual studies may not country unless they have filled in one hundred years. reflect conditions elsewhere, and recognized Soviet documents Evidence of inhumane conditions My next study occurred when one must be extremely careful as to renouncing their citizenship. exams were about one month away how one interprets studies. During his imprisonment Sharyhin shared a cell with Vladimir describes the methods used to Bukovsky and other prominent Two documents have reached "persuade" political prisoners to dissidents. He signed numerous the west in which Ukrainian political testify against their fellow Crimean Tatars still homeless appeals and petitions together with prisoners Yevhen Proniuk prisoners, and the widespread use other Ukrainian political prisoners, (sentenced in 1972 to seven years five of stool pigeons in the Orlov case. and in an interesting statement last imprisonment and years exile} The Soviet authorities have them from learning the areas to Since one of the accusations year, declared his solidarity with and Anatolii Zdorovy (sentenced to begun a new campaign of repres- which they were deported. The against Orlov was that he indulged Armenian political prisoners and seven years imprisonment in 1972) sion against the Crimean Tatars, Tatars were officially exonerated in in "slander" in describing labor his agreement with the principles ol defend Yuri Orlov, the former head who, accused by Stalinof collabora- 1967, but fewer than 2,000 families camp conditions in the Soviet the National Union Party, a dissi- of the Moscow Helsinki Monitoring tion with the Germans, were have been allowed to return to the sentenced Union, Proniuk provides numerous dent Armenian independent ist Group who was to seven deported en masse to Central Asia Crimea and register there. details of inhumane conditions and group- Sharyhin has stated that he years imprisonment and five years during the Second World War. In recent months many Tatar treatment in the camp where he is would campaign in Britain for all exile in May of this year. Those who have made their way activists have been harassed and presently being held to back up the those in the Soviet Union and In his statement Zdorovy back to the Crimea are to be detained, and several families have claims made by Orlov. expelled, and new secret restric- been expelled from the Crimea. tions have been imposed to stop Page 8: Student. January 1979 9 Student. January 1979: Page Pioneer struggle

Continued from page 1

understand Lypa and expresses her sources have listed Lypa as having remains. Lypa thinks to himself, sorrow for him. Lypa responds that been killed in a 1934 mine explo- "Always you say too much," while his life was "never sad, just hard." sion, and the old Ukrainian does not Dean goes to her sagacious grand- The two part finally on good terms have the documents to prove father — also from Eastern Europe after the bureaucratic bungle-up otherwise- Nor is he anxious to co- — to find out more about Lypa's had been cleared up. operate with the investigation — he seemingly irrational mistrust. In the her The fact that 7927 is above all is a muzhik, ever-suspicious ol all process, she learns much about one of hardship and tragedy, and authority own roots. not one of success, makes it an This forms the basis ot an odd The two have another go at extremely interesting study. The relationship between Lypa and things and their relationship im- characters in the film come to life. Nancy Dean, the social worker proves, although Lypa remains Lypa as the peasant, Maryna and assigned to his case. The two clash temperamental- Through Duryfro — his sister and brother-in- head-on in the initial encounters. flashbacks, we gradually discover law, as urban-dwelling, upwardly - Lypa derides her as a Jew (ironical- the source of Lypa's resentment, mobile, church-going Ukrainians . ly, he is right) and she soon after and suspicion — the incredibly who retain an uncomfortable loses her patience with the stub- difficult and often tragic life he has relationship with their heritage. born old goat. However, some had since coming to Canada in Hanya — his wife, as the woman left attraction between them still 1927. Dean gradually comes to alone to cope with complete isola- tion while Ivan earned money on the railroad and Stefan — his son, as one of the Canadian-born genera- tion who neither understands, likes, nor accepts his father. Moreover, Ryga challenges many of the myths Ukrainians have built up for/about themselves in this country, namely that "we made it"; many — perhaps even the majority — did not. It is often difficult, although refreshing, to look at the other side of the coin. Many will say things were not as portrayed in 7927; however, Ivan Lypa has nowentered our collective imaginations as a real person. There are no obvious technical In this scene from Teach Me To Dance Lesia convinces her flaws in 7927 — it is a smooth, well- English-Canadian friend Sarah fo perform a Ukrainian made production. There is, however, one shortcoming with the dance with her as part of their Christmas pageant. scripting which may or may not be Ryga's fault. At several points in the film Lypa unleashes statements Student which are not followed up or explained. Thus, his fearsof depor- tation, his dislike of the church, or his anti-Semitism are phenomena Press Fund without a context or frame of Young Lypa (Duncan Regehr) watches his new wife Hanya reference. This could be due to (contributions this month) {Susan Roman) as she splits wood on their homestead in Ryga's preference, his neglect, to Southern Manitoba in 7927. compromises of differing opinions $S0: M. Hurko use. Teach Me To Dance may be cost of approximately £225., and do about the set as to how the story Dr. B. Zaputovich obtained from any National Film not distribute it themselves for $16: should be tilmed (numerous Board distributor in Canada while public use; the study guide is $12: Dr. G. Foty, Dr. B. Hawrylyshyn exist about production problems). copies of 7927 and accompanying available upon request). They are Both Teach Me To Dance and ' $10: H. Chomiak study ,-,otes can be obtained from valuable resources and good enter- 1927 are excellent films which are H. Bojcun, R. Stachiw, Dr. J. Fitchko, Imperial Oil's Public Relations Of- tainment. Let us use and enjoy $6: well worth seeing. Moreover, they fice (n.b. they sell the film at a lab them. Dr. S.L. Yaremchuk are easily available for educational $1: Dr. J R. Hordinsky Student 11246 - 91 Street Edmonton. Alberta Canada T5B YA2 ,! 24 - 27 , .. . . 201 952 , . 5890 At the Vegreville opening ot Teach Me To Dance — the two young stars.

Subscribe to the JUUniHML of Ukrainian Graduate Studies The Journal of Ukrainian Graduate Studies is the official biannual publication of the Canadian Institute ot Ukrainian Studies*Subscriptions. S5.00 c/o Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontar O. M5S 1A1. Mela is a forum for critical analysis and discussion ol the Ukrainian question,1Eastern Europe and related international issues. Issue No 5 has just been released. Contents include:

to and Kharkiv." Volume 2. Number 2 (winter 1979) has just been released. Contents Melianie Czajkowskyj "Volodymyr Vynnychenko and his Mission Moscow include a dossier on Czechoslovakia, multiculturalism. Quebec and the Yury Boshyk "A Chapter from the history of the Ukrainian national question, the famine '30 of the s, alternative organization for Diaspora: M. Drahomanov. Hromada, the Ukrainian Canadians, comments, documents, and reviews. Ukrainian Printing House in Geneva,

Subscriptions: S4.00 per year, available from. and A.N. (Kuzma) Liakhotsky." Bphdan Strumins'kyj "Ukrainian Between Old Bulgarian, Polish, and Russian." P.O. BOX 324, Laroslav Kharchun "Ukrainska Mova chy Mova Ukrainskykh Emihrantiv?" station p, Becoming of Age toronto. ontario, Peter L. Rudnytsky "Icarus and Prometheus; of Ukrainian Studies." caMada Jaroslav Rozumnyj "A Report on Ukrainian Language Textbooks at the University Level."

Page 10: Student, January 1979 —

Problems with ethnic Floor Show, Montmartre

Floor Show, Montmartre media remain John McCormack

I it's a Chamber of Commerce joke: broadcasting 'outside'. But to achieve these Canadian ethnic ming Admittedly this idea does little they loiter whore-like against lamp posts is sacred. objectives, ethnic broadcasting to represent the ethnic community hugging sketchbooks, It is with trepidation that must seek new directions. in much the Canadian milieu but it does where Degas once anyone vocalizes their opinion on Bilingual or multilingual bring into focus Ihe European walked, where Lautrec would programming may oi follow to the subject. One could make be one way heritage which is very important to women their brothels (only to enemies on all sides. extending one's community but is Canadian ethnic groups. draw) where unexplored is Most ethnic broadcasts, in- largely an area. This In conclusion, the aims of artists only lived cluding -those by Canada's two not to say that uniligual program- Canadian ethnic programming to draw. networks, are featured during what ming that- is directed towards a should be to unify the ethnic "Voulez-vous poser pour ?" they is known in the business as the specific ethnic group should be community and to communicate flatter me with gentle Gallic scorn. "Ethnic Ghetto". This programming ignored. Rather, bilingual and mul- aspects of that community's culture slot encompasses the weekend tilingual programming should to non-members .Before these II "J'suis un acteur de la rue," morning hours. Ethnic program- supplement existing kinds oi ethnic results are achieved, ethnic broad- he says, he flatters himself, ming is sandwiched into these tew broadcasts. casting in Canada has a long way to hours under the premise that the Yet another method of opening go. anoints his mouth with gasoline and fewesl number of people will be ethnic programming to a larger swallows golden plumes of (ire is Ihe importation oHended audience by of (John McCormack is news director With arms extended like a Saviour he should ethnic high quality European program- But why at Ihe University ol Toronto Radio./ struts before the church, flames balancing programming be weighed in terms like Pentecost. of its offensiveness"' The fault we applaud, we are grateful appears to lie in the broadcasting throw francs into a hat passed industry itsell quickly and contemptuously But for the most part, ihe Urban village "J'suis quality of ethnic programming is an acteur de la rue," he starts again. poor and rarely reaches above the Continued from page 3 level of "community access" This is III the steps before the church are not to slight the benefits of com- white and broad Paris of Canadian society, one is faced with two choices: either at our feet is munity access broadcasting, but it acknowledge one's own ethnic identity, or else, pretend that smoldering with sunset is frightening to think lhat ones you are "just Canadian" (read: "Anglo-Canadian"). The latter dark-eyed French boys strum guitars and culture and nationality is being is a solution which negates one's lineage and affronts personal imitate James Taylor, voices rising cnildhke projected in terms of shoddy dignity. Moreover, losing one's ethnicity is closing one's link and the crowd grows. production and dubious talent with one's nation and is thereby an acceptance of reactionary This brings us to another point Marusia Bociurkiw provincialism in personal identity, andaretreat from maximiz- The broadcast medium is often the ing self-worth. Specifically, in view of the currently increasing

only way . in which one culture in political struggle in Ukraine, denying one's historical roots is Canada is brought into contacl wilh also shirking a contemporary responsibility to the ideals and another Thus, besides being a participants in that struggle. Thus for reasons of dignity in bonding force within a particular Canada and in the world community, Ukrainian Canadians cultural community, ethnic broad- must become conscious of their place, responsibilities, and casting allows this to reach beyond self-interests both in society and history. itself. Ethnic broadcasting can be In view of the rapid assimilation of many people which is used to break racial stereotypes It occurring against their wishes, Ukrainian Canadians must can provide a window on the ethnic begin to undertake projects of this kind or fail to maximize our community for everyone on the still considerable potential for survival. Luciuk posed the

alternatives correctly when he said, "Perhaps it is time that we Ukrainians in Canada faced Anglo-conformity as individual citizens of Canada first, Ukrainians second." There are indeed ! two choices: an uncritical conformism to Anglo-Canadian society, and with it, individual atomization and assimilation; REGISTERED RETIREMENT or, a collective approach intent on changing Canadian —CUP create a legitimate place for minorities. Luciuk society, so as to Continued from cover page has gotten the alternatives right. Either we become super- individualists in support of the Canadian status quo, or, a SAVINGS PLAN collectivity working for its social change. from other newspapers for members to Unfortunately, Luciuk's critique is evidence of a choice place on file), and a newspaper ex- against the long term interests of Ukrainian Canadians in their (in all mail change which CUP members struggle for survival and development. their newspapers to each other so th3t they may benefit from exposure to news, . features, opinions, and technical exper- tise of other student newspapers across the country). . As a prospective member of CUP, will Constitution- STUDENT be able to participate in this News Exchange (both input and Continued from page 3 . output) as well as in Youthstream, a national advertising cooperative confederation as Quebec will opt out of a political system in associated with CUP which arranges which she is not represented. national ads for theco-op'smembers and notion that "lower class Ukrainian (Edmonton) Credit Union Ltd. handles most of the administration that I also question Lupul's tend vote against the middle and accompanies selling advertising on a ethnocultural groups to 9710 - 108A Avenue Edmonton, Alberta T5H 1C4 upper class and the established ethnocultural groups " This large scale. Phone: 424-1054 obviously implies that the lower classes are acting According to the CUP constitution, statement in unified solid opposition to the 'bourgeoisie.' Lupul's membership in CUP is open "to any what he sees as a democratically run Canadian student evidence for such a conclusion lies in in Western Canada and in Quebec. Not newspaper" which abides by CUP's polarization of parties evidence fail to prove that lower class constitution and statement of principles, only does this groups as a solid block, but it also does the most important of which stress ethnocultural vote this is conscious decision. Lupul's editorial autonomy and responsibility, not prove whether a gain credibility if a) the NDP made internal democracy, and a commitment conclusion could It takes more than polls, or if support for the to social change. significant advancements in the b) third party came from Atlantic Canada, the most depressed STUDENT'S participation in Cana- region of the nation yet the area with the greatest adherence to dian University Press will allow it to theory to start party system.- Thus Lupul has again succeeded in actively interact with itscounterparts in the two what is plausible. the mainstream of Canadian society, stretching a point beyond After reading Lupul's articles, one is still left with the while still maintaining its cultural dis- practice. Ukrainian- a tinctiveness. question "yes, but what does it all mean for the Canadian community." YOU CAN BENEFIT FROM OUR FULL R)ANGE JSKORBAN OF FINANCIAL SERVICES. II Funeral Chapel . 907 STREET Winnipeg. Manitoba R2W 3P2 Tel. 956-2193/334-2397 (r*».) Id HERITAGE TRUST

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Student. January 1979: Page 1 Kathleen Boczkowskyj I* RETURN REQUESTED 11131-72 ave STUDENT Third 11246-91 STREET Edmonton, Alta class c&(as.se EDMONTON, ALBERTA T6G 0B3 CANADA T5B 4A2 3831 E DM ON T N CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF UKRAINIAN STUDIES INSTITUTE SEMINAR SERIES EDMONTON Place: 352 C Athabasca Hall University ot Alberta Time:- Tuesdays, 12:30 - 1:30 P.M.

16 January 1979 Michael Savaryn "The Response of the Ukrainian Canadians to the Displaced Persons Situation in Europe"

30 January 1979 Andrij Makuch "Ukrainian-Canadian Communists and the Kryza in Alberta'

6 February 1979 Dr. Bohdan Medwidsky "Fables about Animals"

20 February 1979 Dr. Oleh Zujewskyj "Shevchenko - the Great Ukrainian Romanticist"

6 March 1979 Dr. John-Paul Himka "Interethnic Conflict in the Awakening Village: Ukrainians and Jews in Late 19th Century Galicia"

1 3 March 1 979 Myroslav Shkandrij "Ukrainian Literature and Art in the 1920's"

20 March 1979 George Stefanyk "O. Teliha"

27 March 1979 Bohdan' Krawchenko "The Intelligentsia of Soviet Ukraihe"

3 April 1979 Jars Balan and Bohdan Chomtak "The Peasant Revolution in Ukraine" TORONTO Place: The Common Room, Second Floor 21 Sussex Avenue University of Toronto Time: Mondays, 8:00 P.M.

22 January 1979 Walter G. Kuplowsky "Multiculturalism and Canadian Constitutional Reform: Can Culture be Legislated?"

29 January 1979 Anna Balan "The Portrayal of Ukrainians in the Works of Morley Callaghan, W.O, Mitchell, Margaret Laurence, and Sinclair Ross"

5 February 1979 Boris Budilovsky "Law in Soviet Ukraine: Experiences and Observations of a Former Soviet Lawyer" (IN Ukrainian)

12 February 1979 Oleh Romanyshyn "The Historical and Literary Background to Ukrainian-Spanish Relations"

26 February 1979 Ivan Jaworsky "Ukrainians in Eastern Europe after World War Two"

12 March 1979 Dr. Taras Zakydalsky "Ivan Vyshensky and the Religious Controversy in Early Seventeenth-Century Ukraine" 19 March 1979 Lisa E. Schneider "Emma Andijewska's Roman pro dobru liudynu: The Displaced Persons Camp as Purgatory"

26 March 1979 Prof. Roman Serbyn "The National Awakening in Ukraine, 1859-1863. Students at Kharkiv and Kiev Universities"

Page 12: Student. January 1979