DOCSLIB.ORG

Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence, Second Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence Second Edition Taras Kuzio kuzio/83922/mac/crc 27/1/00 9:14 am Page 1 UKRAINE: PERESTROIKA TO INDEPENDENCE kuzio/83922/mac/crc 27/1/00 9:14 am Page 2 Also by Taras Kuzio DISSENT IN UKRAINE (editor) UKRAINE: The Unfinished Revolution UKRAINE: Back from the Brink UKRAINE–CRIMEA–RUSSIA: Triangle of Conflict UKRAINE SECURITY POLICY UKRAINE UNDER KUCHMA: Economic Reform, Political Transformation and Security Policy in Independent Ukraine UKRAINE: STATE AND NATION BUILDING CONTEMPORARY UKRAINE: Dynamics of Post-Soviet Ukraine (editor) STATE AND INSTITUTION BUILDING IN UKRAINE (co-editor) POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN UKRAINE (co-author) kuzio/83922/mac/crc 27/1/00 9:14 am Page 3 Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence Taras Kuzio Visiting Fellow SSEES University College London Second Edition kuzio/83922/mac/crc 27/1/00 9:14 am Page 4 © Taras Kuzio and Andrew Wilson 1994 © Taras Kuzio 2000 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world First edition 1994 Second edition 2000 ISBN 0–333–73844–6 hardcover ISBN 0–333–73983–3 paperback A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10987654321 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire Published in the United States of America by ST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 0–312–21674–2 clothbound ISBN 0–312–21675–0 paperback 01UPI-PRE(v-vi) 8/12/99 11:37 AM Page v I would like to dedicate this book to my parents for their help and understanding. This page intentionally left blank 02UPI-PRE(vii) 8/12/99 11:40 AM Page vii Contents Acknowledgement viii List of Maps and Tables ix List of Plates x List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xii Introduction xiii 1 Theories of Nationalism and the Soviet Ukrainian Context 1 2 Strengths and Weaknesses of the National Movement 18 3 Ukraine on the Eve of the Gorbachev Era 43 4 Gorbachev, Dissent and the New Opposition (1987–8) 64 5 Consolidation (1988–9) 83 6 The Birth of Mass Politics (1989–90) 103 7 1990: Ukrainian Elections and the Rise of a Multi-Party System 128 8 Stalemate and the Rise of National Communism (1990–1) 158 9 From Soviet to Independent Ukraine: The Coup and Aftermath 179 10 Conclusions 214 Notes and References 218 Select Bibliography 265 Index 268 vii 03UPI-PRE(viii-xii) 8/12/99 11:39 AM Page viii Acknowledgement The author acknowledges the assistance of Andrew Wilson, the co- author of the first edition, in removing some of the inaccuracies of that edition, but understands that he has no wish to be associated with this edition. Any remaining faults are the author’s own. viii 03UPI-PRE(viii-xii) 8/12/99 11:39 AM Page ix List of Maps and Tables Maps 2.1 Post-1945 boundaries of the Ukrainian SSR within the Soviet Union 20 2.2 Ukrainians in neighbouring territories 21 2.3 Minorities and separatism in Ukraine 24 Tables 2.1 National composition of the Ukrainian population in 1989 30 3.1 Percentage of Ukrainians in the CPU 44 3.2 Growth of the CPU 44 8.1 Results of the 17 March 1991 referendum in Ukraine 169 9.1 Results of the presidential elections of 1 December 1991 197 9.2 Support for independence in the 1 December 1991 referendum 200 ix 03UPI-PRE(viii-xii) 8/12/99 11:39 AM Page x List of Plates 1. Ukrainian Cossack, Summer 1990 2. Demonstration outside KGB headquarters in L′viv, Summer 1990 3. Young men and women take an oath of allegiance to an inde- pendent Ukraine, Summer 1990, Kryvyi Rih 4. Pre-election rally in Kyiv, February 1990 5. Ukrainians wearing the uniforms of the 1917–20 ‘Sich Sharp- shooters’ in Kyiv, January 1990 6. Mass demonstration by 100 000 people in Kyiv on 30 September 1990 against the signing of Gorbachev’s Union Treaty 7. Members of the ‘People’s Council’ lead demonstration in Kyiv, Autumn 1990 8. Celebration of the 500th anniversary of the ‘Days of Cossack Glory’ in Dnipropetrovs′k (Sicheslav), Autumn 1990 9. Levko Lukianenko addresses a rally in the forest of Bykivnia near Kyiv, where, according to ‘Memorial’, up to 240 000 Ukrainian victims of the NKVD lay buried, May 1989 10. Ivan Drach addresses rally in support of Lithuania’s declaration of independence, Kyiv, March 1990 11a. Searching for a lost relative, 7 May 1989 11b. Human bones uncovered at the Bykivnia site, April 1989 12. Radical MP, Stepan Khmara, speaking at the Supreme Council of Ukraine before his arrest in November 1990 13. Viacheslav Chornovil. Ex-dissident, (former) chairman of L′viv oblast council and leading challenger to Leonid Kravchuk in the December 1991 presidential elections 14. Levko Lukianenko, leader of the Ukrainian Helsinki Union–Ukrainian Republican Party, 1988 15. Leading ex-political prisoners, now all deputies, on the day of the Ukrainian Declaration of Sovereignty, 16 July 1990 16. The catacomb Ukrainian Catholic Church holds a service in the woods, Ivano-Frankivs′k, Christmas 1989 17. Patriarch Mstyslav, (formerly) leader of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church 18. The Second Rukh Congress, October 1990, Kyiv x 03UPI-PRE(viii-xii) 8/12/99 11:39 AM Page xi List of Plate xi 19. Opposition figures carry the coffins of leading Ukrainian dissi- dents from the Brezhnev era – Oleksa Tykhyi, Vasyl Stus and Valerii Marchenko – who died in the Gulag, for reburial in Kyiv (November 1990) 20. Ukrainian Catholic hunger strikers in Moscow, August 1989 21. 250 000 crowd demanding the legalisation of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, L′viv, September 1989 22. Demonstration being broken up by riot police outside the Ukrainian parliament, Kyiv, October 1990 23. Student hunger strike, ‘Independence Square’, Kyiv, October 1990 24. The first dismantling in the USSR of the statue of V. I. Lenin in L′viv, September 1990 25. Ukrainian miner protests against ecological damage to Ukraine, Kyiv, October 1990 26. May 1990: Dnipropetrovs′k Afghan veterans beat up Rukh activists whilst militia look on 27. Kyiv, Summer 1991. Poster reads ‘Kravchuk, do not fool around with the Ukrainian people. Luhans′k demands freedom for Ukraine!’ 03UPI-PRE(viii-xii) 8/12/99 11:39 AM Page xii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union CPU Communist Party of Ukraine DPU Democratic Party of Ukraine GWA Green World Association IPA Inter-Party Assembly IWU Independent Workers Union OUN Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists PDRU Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine PPU Peasants’ Party of Ukraine PUSP Popular Union in Support of Perestroika ROC Russian Orthodox Church Rukh Ukrainian Popular Movement SDPU Social Democratic Party of Ukraine SPU Socialist Party of Ukraine STUU Solidarity Trade Union of Ukraine UANTI Ukrainian Association Independent Creative Intelligentsia UAOC Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church UCC Ukrainian Catholic Church UCDF Ukrainian Christian Democratic Front UDU Ukrainian Democratic Union UHU Ukrainian Helsinki Union UNA Ukrainian National Assembly UNS Ukrainian Nationalist Union UPA Ukrainian Insurgent Army UPDL Ukrainian Peoples Democratic League URP Ukrainian Republican Party USCPS Ukrainian State Committee for the Protection of Society USDPU United Social Democratic Party of Ukraine VOST All-Ukrainian Union of Workers’ Solidarity WUU Writers Union of Ukraine xii 04UPI-PRE(xiii-xiv) 8/12/99 11:39 AM Page xiii Introduction The vote by the Ukrainian parliament to declare independence in the aftermath of the failed August 1991 Soviet coup, and the subsequent ratification of that decision by popular referendum on 1 December 1991, was a crucial factor that helped bring an end to the old USSR, and thrust a hitherto under-researched nation of 52 million people into the limelight. This book aims to redress that past neglect and analyse the events that led up to Ukrainian independence. Chapter 1 examines theoretical work on the development of nation- alism, particularly on the role of the intelligentsia and state elites in generating national revival movements. In the context of the disinte- grating USSR and its previously all-powerful state, it is argued that although the cultural intelligentsia played a crucial early role of initi- ating national and democratic protest as political conditions began to open up in many republics in 1987–90, it tended to be state ‘national communist’ elites that led this movement to success in 1991. Chapter 2 discusses the specific weaknesses of the Ukrainian national movement, which made it even more unlikely that the Ukrainian intelligentsia could take power alone. Chapter 3 examines state and dissident politics in the postwar period, and stresses how the ‘era of stagnation’ proved exceptionally durable in Ukraine, lasting until at least 1989.
Recommended publications
  • Toronto Pays Tribute to Former Soviet Political Prisoner However, Mr

    Toronto Pays Tribute to Former Soviet Political Prisoner However, Mr

    INSIDE:• Leadership Conference focuses on Ukrainian American community — page 3. • New York pastor celebrates 50th jubilee — page 5. • The UNA’s former headquarters in Jersey City: an appreciation — centerfold. Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association Vol. LXV HE No.KRAINIAN 42 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1997 EEKLY$1.25/$2 in Ukraine ForeignT InvestmentU Council strives Verkhovna RadaW acts quickly on changes to make Ukraine business-friendly to election law suggested by president by Roman Woronowycz which is more sympathetic to the needs of by Roman Woronowycz ing with Article 94 of the Constitution of Kyiv Press Bureau businesses, and the predominantly leftist Kyiv Press Bureau Ukraine.” legislature has also led to constantly But the Verkhovna Rada speedily KYIV — The President’s Foreign changing statutes that affect the business KYIV — Ukraine’s Parliament moved made room on its agenda of October 14 Investment Advisory Council met for the community. One of Motorola’s reasons quickly to smooth any further roadblocks and in one session passed 13 of the pro- first time on October 3 to begin the work for abandoning its deal with Ukraine were to a new law on elections on October 14 posals and rejected two, most notably a of making Ukraine more amicable to for- the “ever-changing rules of the game,” when it acted in one day to incorporate recommendation that a 50 percent eign businesses. Although Ukraine’s said its Ukraine director at the time it can- most changes requested by the president. turnout in electoral districts remain a president and government officials tried celed its contract with the government.
  • TEKA Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki I Studiów Krajobrazowych XV-2 2019

    TEKA Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki I Studiów Krajobrazowych XV-2 2019

    TEKA 2019, Nr 2 Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych Oddział Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Lublinie Revisited the localization of fortifications of the 18th century on the surroundings of village of Braha in Khmelnytsky region Oleksandr harlan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1473-6417 [email protected] Department of Design and Reconstruction of the Architectural Environment, Prydniprovs’ka State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture Abstract: the results of the survey of the territories of the village Braga in the Khmelnytsky region, which is in close prox- imity to Khotyn Fortress, are highlighted in this article. A general description of the sources that has thrown a great deal of light on the fortifications of the left bank of the Dnister River opposite the Khotyn Fortress according to the modern land- scape, is presented. Keywords: monument, fortification, village of Braga, Khotyn fortress, Dnister River Relevance of research Today there is a lack of architectural and urban studies in the context of studying the history of the unique monument – the Khotyn Fortress. Only a few published works can be cited that cover issues of origin, existence of fortifications and it’s preservation. To take into comprehensive account of the specific conservation needs of the Khotyn Fortress, it was necessary to carry out appropriate research works (bibliographic, archival, cartographic, iconographic), including on-site surveys. During 2014−2015, the research works had been carried out by the Research Institute of Conservation Research in the context of the implementation of the Plan for the organization of the territory of the State. During the elaboration of historical sources from the history of the city of Khotyn and the Khotyn Fortress it was put a spotlight on a great number of iconographic materials, concerning the recording of the fortifica- tions of the New Fortress of the 18th-19th centuries.
  • Understanding Russia Better Through Her History: Sevastopol, an Enduring Geostrategic Centre of Gravity

    Understanding Russia Better Through Her History: Sevastopol, an Enduring Geostrategic Centre of Gravity

    UNDERSTANDING RUSSIA BETTER THROUGH HER HISTORY: SEVASTOPOL, AN ENDURING GEOSTRATEGIC CENTRE OF GRAVITY Recent events in Crimea, Eastern Ukraine and Syria have aerospace industries, made Sevastopol a closed city during brought Russia’s increasingly assertive foreign policy and the Cold War. Thereafter, despite being under Ukrainian burgeoning military power into sharp relief. Such shows of jurisdiction until March 2014, it remained very much a force surprised those in the West who thought that a new, Russian city, in which the Russian national flag always flew pacific and friendly Russia would emerge from the former higher than the Ukrainian. Soviet Union. That has never been Russia’s way as a major Furthermore, the Russian world power. This monograph argues that Vladimir Putin’s Navy continued to control the “” Russia has done no more than act in an historically consistent port leased from the Ukraine, Sevastopol’s and largely predictable manner. Specifically, it seeks to including its navigation systems. population, explain why possession of Sevastopol – the home of the Sevastopol’s population, Black Sea Fleet for more than 200 years – provides Russia containing many military containing many with considerable geostrategic advantage, one that is being retirees and their dependants, military retirees and exploited today in support of her current operations in Syria. remained fiercely loyal to Russia their dependants, and never accepted Ukrainian Sevastopol, and more particularly its ancient predecessor, rule – which they judged as a remained fiercely the former Greek city of Chersonesos, has a highly-symbolic historical accident at best, or, at loyal to Russia and place in Russia’s history and sense of nationhood.
  • Investment Proposal (Project) Application Form of GREENFIЕLD

    Investment Proposal (Project) Application Form of GREENFIЕLD

    Investment proposal (project) application form of GREENFIЕLD land lot General information Title of the investment proposal (project) Construction of the recreational complex «Stanchyna» Location (district, city/village, street), land photo, Bahna vil., Vyzhnytsia district, Chernivtsi region scheme of location Owner (owners) Community of Bahna vil. Available documents, that certify the ownership General plan of construction (official act, certificate of ownership) Preliminary cost (balanced cost, assessed value) 100,0 ths. UAH The actual usage Pasture Technical parameters of a land lot Area of the available land lot, ha 45,4 Border surroundings (description, scheme) Borders on the state forestry Level difference on the land lot, m 50 m Cadastral end use Pasture Proposed end use For construction of touristic and recreational center, skiing track Ground-based obstacles (risk of flood and No obstacles landslide, ecological conditions) Underground obstacles (level of surface and No obstacles subterranean waters) Limitations in use (due to construction, ecology According to the requirements of land ownership etc.) and good-neighborly relations Utilities Water (availability, parameters) Distance to the source of fresh water – 250 m Drainage system (availability, parameters) Not available Supplying with gas (availability, parameters) Distance to the gas supplying net – 3,1 km. Electricity (availability, parameters) Distance to the available electrical substation -1 km Availability Ways of communication to the object (autoroads, Automobile gravel
  • Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics: Implications For

    Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics: Implications For

    FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTIO N AUTHORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky Tönu Parming CONTRACTOR : University of Delawar e PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky, Project Director an d Co-Principal Investigato r Tönu Parming, Co-Principal Investigato r COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 621- 9 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or in part fro m funds provided by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . NOTICE OF INTENTION TO APPLY FOR COPYRIGH T This work has been requested for manuscrip t review for publication . It is not to be quote d without express written permission by the authors , who hereby reserve all the rights herein . Th e contractual exception to this is as follows : The [US] Government will have th e right to publish or release Fina l Reports, but only in same forma t in which such Final Reports ar e delivered to it by the Council . Th e Government will not have the righ t to authorize others to publish suc h Final Reports without the consent o f the authors, and the individua l researchers will have the right t o apply for and obtain copyright o n any work products which may b e derived from work funded by th e Council under this Contract . ii EXEC 1 Overall Executive Summary HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTION by Yaroslav Bilinsky, University of Delawar e d Tönu Parming, University of Marylan August 1, 1975, after more than two years of intensive negotiations, 35 Head s of Governments--President Ford of the United States, Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada , Secretary-General Brezhnev of the USSR, and the Chief Executives of 32 othe r European States--signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperatio n in Europe (CSCE) .
  • The Making of the Poetic Subject in Vasyl Stus's

    The Making of the Poetic Subject in Vasyl Stus's

    ‘A FRAGMENT OF WHOLENESS’: THE MAKING OF THE POETIC SUBJECT IN VASYL STUS’S PALIMPSESTS Bohdan Tokarskyi St John’s College University of Cambridge The dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2019 PREFACE This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit of 80,000 words. ii ABSTRACT Bohdan Tokarskyi ‘A Fragment of Wholeness’: The Making of the Poetic Subject in Vasyl Stus’s Palimpsests My PhD thesis investigates the exploration of the self and the innovative poetical language in the works of the Ukrainian dissident poet and Gulag prisoner Vasyl Stus (1938-1985). Focusing on Stus’s magnum opus collection Palimpsests (1971-1979), where the poet casts the inhuman conditions of his incarceration to the periphery and instead engages in radical introspection, I show how Stus’s poetry foregrounds the very making of the subject as the constant pursuit of the authentic self. Through my examination of unpublished archival materials, analysis of Stus’s underexplored poems, and the contextualisation of the poet’s works within the tradition of the philosophy of becoming, I propose a new reading of Palimpsests, one that redirects scholarly attention from the historical and political to the psychological and philosophical.
  • "Prisoners of the Caucasus: Literary Myths and Media Representations of the Chechen Conflict" by H

    "Prisoners of the Caucasus: Literary Myths and Media Representations of the Chechen Conflict" by H

    University of California, Berkeley Prisoners of the Caucasus: Literary Myths and Media Representations of the Chechen Conflict Harsha Ram Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Working Paper Series This PDF document preserves the page numbering of the printed version for accuracy of citation. When viewed with Acrobat Reader, the printed page numbers will not correspond with the electronic numbering. The Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies (BPS) is a leading center for graduate training on the Soviet Union and its successor states in the United States. Founded in 1983 as part of a nationwide effort to reinvigorate the field, BPSs mission has been to train a new cohort of scholars and professionals in both cross-disciplinary social science methodology and theory as well as the history, languages, and cultures of the former Soviet Union; to carry out an innovative program of scholarly research and publication on the Soviet Union and its successor states; and to undertake an active public outreach program for the local community, other national and international academic centers, and the U.S. and other governments. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 260 Stephens Hall #2304 Berkeley, California 94720-2304 Tel: (510) 643-6737 [email protected] http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~bsp/ Prisoners of the Caucasus: Literary Myths and Media Representations of the Chechen Conflict Harsha Ram Summer 1999 Harsha Ram is an assistant professor in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures at UC Berkeley Edited by Anna Wertz BPS gratefully acknowledges support from the National Security Education Program for providing funding for the publication of this Working Paper .
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1987

    The Ukrainian Weekly 1987

    ТаІИНPublishtd by tht Ukrainian National A5sociation Inc.. a fraternal non-profit associationу| Vol. LV No.9 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 1.1987 25 cent5 Treblinka survivors' testimony begins Gen. Petro Grigorenko dies NEW YORK - Petro Hryhorovych in Demjanjui( trial's second week Grigorenko, a founding member of Special to Svoboda and The Weekly said, wore black uniforms, while the both the Moscow and Ukrainian Hel­ Germans were dressed in green. He sinki monitoring groups, and a former JERUSALEM - Two survivors of recalled his experiences in the camp Red Army general, died here at Beth the Treblinka death camp testified this dramatically and emotionally as he had Israel Hospital on Saturday, February week at the war crimes trial of John done in German and American courts, 21. He was 79. Demjanjuk, and both identified the at legal proceedings against, among A tireless defender of human and retired autoworker as "Ivan of Tre­ others, Feodor Fedorenko and Mr. national rights until his death, Gen. blinka" in dramatic appearances. Demjanjuk. Grigorenko was confined for nearly six During cross-examination of both Mr. Epstein pointed at Mr. Demjan­ years (1963-1964, 1969-1974) in Soviet witnesses, the defense pointed out juk and shouted, "This is the man, the psychiatric hospitals in retaliation for inconsistencies in each witness's own man sitting over there," in identifying such activities. testimony given at various times as well him as a guard at Treblinka named In 1978, while in the United States for as discrepancies between the testimo­ Ivan. Some of the spectators at the trial medical treatment, he was stripped of nies of both men.
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1990

    The Ukrainian Weekly 1990

    Published by the Ukrainian National Association inc.. a fraternal non-profit association rainian Weekly vol. LVIII No. 47 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 25,1990 50 cents Ukraine, Baltic states and Armenia Patriarch Mstyslav enthroned send representatives to Paris summit Historic services held at St Sophia Cathedral JERSEY C1TY, N.J. - Representa– of an urgent meeting, and later would SOUTH BOUND BROOK, N.J. - witness the service from the knaveof the tives of Ukraine, the Baltic states and not let them re-enter the hall. French His Holiness Mstyslav was enthroned church, which was filled with believers. Armenia sent their own representatives Foreign Minister Roland Dumas told as patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on Among the dignitaries attending the to the Paris summit of the Conference the Baits they were being expelled Sunday, November 18,in Kiev, reported ceremony were chairman of the Council on Security and Cooperation in "because the Soviet delegation was the metropolitan's chancery of the for Religious Affairs of the Ukrainian Europe meeting in Paris on November totally against their participation in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the SSR, Mykola Kolesnyk, deputies to the 19-21. conference," reported RFE^RL. U.S.A. based here. Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR, The representatives traveled to the As planned, the solemnities were held Mykhailo Horyn, Serhiy Holovaty, meeting as unofficial delegations and The Ukrainian delegation consisted of in St. Sophia Cathedral, which local Mykola Porovsky and vasyl Cher– observers. three people's deputies: Dmytro Pavly– authorities handed over to the believers voniy, deputy to the Supreme Soviet of However, Baltic representatives, who chko, chairman, Bohdan Horyn, co- of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Ortho– the USSR, Yuri Sorochyk, as well as had arrived in Paris as observers on chairman, and ivan Drach, a member, dox Church for that day.
  • International Crimes in Crimea

    International Crimes in Crimea

    International Crimes in Crimea: An Assessment of Two and a Half Years of Russian Occupation SEPTEMBER 2016 Contents I. Introduction 6 A. Executive summary 6 B. The authors 7 C. Sources of information and methodology of documentation 7 II. Factual Background 8 A. A brief history of the Crimean Peninsula 8 B. Euromaidan 12 C. The invasion of Crimea 15 D. Two and a half years of occupation and the war in Donbas 23 III. Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court 27 IV. Contextual elements of international crimes 28 A. War crimes 28 B. Crimes against humanity 34 V. Willful killing, murder and enforced disappearances 38 A. Overview 38 B. The law 38 C. Summary of the evidence 39 D. Documented cases 41 E. Analysis 45 F. Conclusion 45 VI. Torture and other forms of inhuman treatment 46 A. Overview 46 B. The law 46 C. Summary of the evidence 47 D. Documented cases of torture and other forms of inhuman treatment 50 E. Analysis 59 F. Conclusion 59 VII. Illegal detention 60 A. Overview 60 B. The law 60 C. Summary of the evidence 62 D. Documented cases of illegal detention 66 E. Analysis 87 F. Conclusion 87 VIII. Forced displacement 88 A. Overview 88 B. The law 88 C. Summary of evidence 90 D. Analysis 93 E. Conclusion 93 IX. Crimes against public, private and cultural property 94 A. Overview 94 B. The law 94 C. Summary of evidence 96 D. Documented cases 99 E. Analysis 110 F. Conclusion 110 X. Persecution and collective punishment 111 A. Overview 111 B.
  • The History of Ukraine Advisory Board

    The History of Ukraine Advisory Board

    THE HISTORY OF UKRAINE ADVISORY BOARD John T. Alexander Professor of History and Russian and European Studies, University of Kansas Robert A. Divine George W. Littlefield Professor in American History Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin John V. Lombardi Professor of History, University of Florida THE HISTORY OF UKRAINE Paul Kubicek The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling, Series Editors Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kubicek, Paul. The history of Ukraine / Paul Kubicek. p. cm. — (The Greenwood histories of the modern nations, ISSN 1096 –2095) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978 – 0 –313 – 34920 –1 (alk. paper) 1. Ukraine —History. I. Title. DK508.51.K825 2008 947.7— dc22 2008026717 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2008 by Paul Kubicek All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2008026717 ISBN: 978– 0– 313 – 34920 –1 ISSN: 1096 –2905 First published in 2008 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48 –1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Every reasonable effort has been made to trace the owners of copyright materials in this book, but in some instances this has proven impossible.
  • Harvard Historical Studies • 173

    Harvard Historical Studies • 173

    HARVARD HISTORICAL STUDIES • 173 Published under the auspices of the Department of History from the income of the Paul Revere Frothingham Bequest Robert Louis Stroock Fund Henry Warren Torrey Fund Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/11/15 12:32 PM Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/11/15 12:32 PM WILLIAM JAY RISCH The Ukrainian West Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts London, En gland 2011 Brought to you by | provisional account Unauthenticated Download Date | 4/11/15 12:32 PM Copyright © 2011 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Risch, William Jay. The Ukrainian West : culture and the fate of empire in Soviet Lviv / William Jay Risch. p. cm.—(Harvard historical studies ; 173) Includes bibliographical references and index. I S B N 9 7 8 - 0 - 6 7 4 - 0 5 0 0 1 - 3 ( a l k . p a p e r ) 1 . L ’ v i v ( U k r a i n e ) — H i s t o r y — 2 0 t h c e n t u r y . 2 . L ’ v i v ( U k r a i n e ) — P o l i t i c s a n d government— 20th century. 3. L’viv (Ukraine)— Social conditions— 20th century 4. Nationalism— Ukraine—L’viv—History—20th century. 5. Ethnicity— Ukraine—L’viv— History—20th century.