DOCSLIB.ORG

The Implementation of Governance to Counter Islamist Militancy in Pakistan’S Khyber

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Implementation of Governance to Counter Islamist Militancy in Pakistan’S Khyber Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2016 The mpleI mentation of Governance to Counter Islamist Militancy in Pakistan's Khyber- Pakhtunkhwa Province David Robert DiOrio Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Military and Veterans Studies Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by David DiOrio has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Olivia Yu, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Stephen Morreale, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Kristie Roberts, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2016 Abstract The Implementation of Governance to Counter Islamist Militancy in Pakistan’s Khyber- Pakhtunkhwa Province by David R. DiOrio MA, United States Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, 1995 BS, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, 1983 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University March 2016 Abstract Militancy inspired by Islamists is escalating globally, and government action is necessary to protect vulnerable populations. Security professionals generally agree that governance may complement the use of force to defeat militants; however, current doctrine does not address the concurrent integration of governance in a comprehensive strategy. This interpretive case study explored Pakistan’s application of governance during the 2009 Khyber operation in Swat Valley, code-named Operation Rah-e-Rast. The central research question focused on how governance activities were integrated with military operations to subdue militancy. Data were collected through interviews with 6 planners, Pakistani secondary source survey data, and government artifacts. Data were inductively coded using a progressive axial coding process and validated through methodological triangulation. Data were then analyzed using a case study analytical model, grounded in neo-Clausewitzian theoretical principles, to derive key themes. Key findings indicate that an interministry collaborative approach to regain the public trust was more effective in placating violence than was solely using military action. Sound governance, enabled by strategic communications and intelligence, fostered tribal relationships that promoted confidence and undermined the militant support base. The civil-military planning protocols were successful, but mainly ad-hoc and suboptimized. Formal training, standing civil-military planning forums, and planning process improvements stemming from the Pakistan experience could instill social change by assisting national leaders in developing a cogent countermilitancy strategy to defeat the global Islamist movement. The Implementation of Governance to Counter Islamist Militancy in Pakistan’s Khyber- Pakhtunkhwa Province by David R. DiOrio MA, United States Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, 1995 BS, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, 1983 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University March 2016 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to men and women of the United States and Pakistani armed forces who have given their lives in the service of their country to defeat Islamist militancy. This study is also dedicated to the many innocent Pakistanis who lost their lives during Operation Rah-e-Rast in the spring of 2009. From their sacrifice we gained an understanding of Islamist inspired violence so that others may live free of fear and tyranny. Acknowledgments A heartfelt thank you to my dissertation committee chair, Dr. Olivia Yu, and committee members, Dr. Stephen Morreale, and Dr. Kristie Roberts, for their support, guidance, and assistance. I would also like to express my gratitude to the editing staff, Dr. Tanya Settles and Ms. Dayna Herrington. A sincere appreciation and thanks goes to my United States and Pakistani military colleagues who promoted frank discussions, provided candid perspectives, and encouraged me to tell the Swat Valley story. Your dedication and professionalism are an inspiration for all who serve in uniform or dedicate themselves to public service. To my wife Maria, thank you for your steadfast encouragement throughout my doctoral journey. I could not have succeeded in this endeavor without your unwavering support and love. Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Major Sections of Chapter 1 ..........................................................................................7 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................7 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................................................10 Research Question .......................................................................................................12 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................12 Nature of the Study ......................................................................................................15 Definitions of Terms ....................................................................................................17 Assumptions .................................................................................................................18 Research Scope ............................................................................................................21 Limitations and Delimitations ......................................................................................22 Significance of the Study .............................................................................................24 Summary ......................................................................................................................25 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................26 Introduction ..................................................................................................................26 The Research Problem .................................................................................................26 The Research Purpose ..................................................................................................27 Literature Review Content ...........................................................................................28 i Literature Review Strategy ..........................................................................................28 Review of Related Research ........................................................................................29 Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................30 Theoretical Foundation ................................................................................................31 Neo-Clausewitzian Warfare Theory ..................................................................... 31 Emergence of Neo-Clausewitzian Warfare Theory .............................................. 32 Neo-Clausewitzian Theory and the Role of Governance ..................................... 36 Neo-Clausewitzian Theory Applied in the Pakistan Case .................................... 40 Review of the Literature ..............................................................................................43 Neo-Clausewitzian Trinity Analysis: The Pashtun ............................................... 43 Neo-Clausewitzian Trinity Analysis: The Islamic Republic of Pakistan ............. 47 Neo-Clausewitzian Trinity Analysis: Civil-Military Relationships ..................... 54 Neo-Clausewitzian Trinity Analysis: The Islamist Militants ............................... 57 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................67 Chapter 3: Research Method ..............................................................................................71 Introduction ..................................................................................................................71
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pakistan-U.S. Relations
    Pakistan-U.S. Relations K. Alan Kronstadt Specialist in South Asian Affairs July 1, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33498 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Pakistan-U.S. Relations Summary A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively combating religious militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. U.S. concerns regarding Pakistan include regional and global terrorism; Afghan stability; democratization and human rights protection; the ongoing Kashmir problem and Pakistan-India tensions; and economic development. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods of both cooperation and discord was transformed by the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. Top U.S. officials praise Pakistan for its ongoing cooperation, although long-held doubts exist about Islamabad’s commitment to some core U.S. interests. Pakistan is identified as a base for terrorist groups and their supporters operating in Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan. Pakistan’s army has conducted unprecedented and, until recently, largely ineffectual counterinsurgency operations in the country’s western tribal areas, where Al Qaeda operatives and pro-Taliban militants are said to enjoy “safe haven.” U.S. officials increasingly are concerned that indigenous religious extremists represent a serious threat to the stability of the Pakistani state. The United States strongly encourages maintenance of a bilateral cease-fire and a continuation of substantive dialogue between Pakistan and neighboring India, which have fought three wars since 1947. A perceived Pakistan-India nuclear arms race has been the focus of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Development Programme
    ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 16 - PROGRAMME 2015 PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT ANNUAL GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT JUNE, 2015 www.khyberpakhtunkhwa.gov.pk FINAL ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 2015-16 GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT http://www.khyberpakhtunkhwa.gov.pk Annual Development Programme 2015-16 Table of Contents S.No. Sector/Sub Sector Page No. 1 Abstract-I i 2 Abstract-II ii 3 Abstract-III iii 4 Abstract-IV iv-vi 5 Abstract-V vii 6 Abstract-VI viii 7 Abstract-VII ix 8 Abstract-VIII x-xii 9 Agriculture 1-21 10 Auqaf, Hajj 22-25 11 Board of Revenue 26-27 12 Building 28-34 13 Districts ADP 35-35 14 DWSS 36-50 15 E&SE 51-60 16 Energy & Power 61-67 17 Environment 68-69 18 Excise, Taxation & NC 70-71 19 Finance 72-74 20 Food 75-76 21 Forestry 77-86 22 Health 87-106 23 Higher Education 107-118 24 Home 119-128 25 Housing 129-130 26 Industries 131-141 27 Information 142-143 28 Labour 144-145 29 Law & Justice 146-151 30 Local Government 152-159 31 Mines & Minerals 160-162 32 Multi Sectoral Dev. 163-171 33 Population Welfare 172-173 34 Relief and Rehab. 174-177 35 Roads 178-232 36 Social Welfare 233-238 37 Special Initiatives 239-240 38 Sports, Tourism 241-252 39 ST&IT 253-258 40 Transport 259-260 41 Water 261-289 Abstract-I Annual Development Programme 2015-16 Programme-wise summary (Million Rs.) S.# Programme # of Projects Cost Allocation %age 1 ADP 1553 589965 142000 81.2 Counterpart* 54 19097 1953 1.4 Ongoing 873 398162 74361 52.4 New 623 142431 35412 24.9 Devolved ADP 3 30274 30274 21.3 2 Foreign Aid* * 148170 32884 18.8 Grand total 1553 738135 174884 100.0 Sector-wise Throwforward (Million Rs.) S.# Sector Local Cost Exp.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan in the Danger Zone a Tenuous U.S
    Pakistan in the Danger Zone A Tenuous U.S. – Pakistan Relationship Shuja Nawaz The Atlantic Council promotes constructive U.S. leadership and engagement in international affairs based on the central role of the Atlantic community in meeting the international challenges of the 21st century. The Council embodies a non-partisan network of leaders who aim to bring ideas to power and to give power to ideas by: 7 stimulating dialogue and discussion about critical international issues with a view to enriching public debate and promoting consensus on appropriate responses in the Administration, the Congress, the corporate and nonprofit sectors, and the media in the United States and among leaders in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas; 7 conducting educational and exchange programs for successor generations of U.S. leaders so that they will come to value U.S. international engagement and have the knowledge and understanding necessary to develop effective policies. Through its diverse networks, the Council builds broad constituencies to support constructive U.S. leadership and policies. Its program offices publish informational analyses, convene conferences among current and/or future leaders, and contribute to the public debate in order to integrate the views of knowledgeable individuals from a wide variety of backgrounds, interests, and experiences. The South Asia Center is the Atlantic Council’s focal point for work on Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan as well as on relations between these countries and China, Central Asia, Iran, the Arab world, Europe and the U.S. As part of the Council’s Asia program, the Center seeks to foster partnerships with key institutions in the region to establish itself as a forum for dialogue between decision makers in South Asia, the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Country List
    CONTENT LANGUAGE & COUNTRY LIST Languages by countries World map (source: United States. United Nations. [ online] no dated. [cited July 2007] Available from: www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/htmain.htm) Multicultural Clinical Support Resource Language & country list Country Languages (official/national languages in bold) Country Languages (official/national languages in bold) Afghanistan Dari, Pashto, Parsi-Dari, Tatar, Farsi, Hazaragi Brunei Malay, English, Chinese, other minority languages Albania Tosk, Albanian Bulgaria Bulgarian, Turkish, Roma and other minority languages Algeria Arabic, French, Berber dialects Burkina Faso French, native African (Sudanic) languages 90% Andorra Catalán, French, Spanish, Portuguese Burundi Kirundi, French, Swahili, Rwanda Angola Portuguese, Koongo, Mbundu, Chokwe, Mbunda, Cambodia Khmer, French, English Antigua and English, local dialects, Arabic, Portuguese Cameroon French, English, 24 African language groups Barbuda Canada English, French, other minority languages Argentina Spanish, English, Italian, German, French Cape Verde Portuguese, Kabuverdianu, Criuolo Armenia Armenian, Yezidi, Russian Central French (official), Sangho (lingua franca, national), other minority Australia English, Indigenous and other minority languages African languages Austria German, Slovenian, Croatian, Hungarian, Republic Alemannisch, Bavarian, Sinte Romani, Walser Chad French, Arabic, Sara, more than 120 languages and dialects Azerbaijan Azerbaijani (Azeri), Russian, Armenian, other and minority languages Chile
    [Show full text]
  • PRISM Vol. 2 No 4
    PRISM❖ Vol. 2, no. 4 09/2011 PRISM Vol. 2, no. 4 2, no. Vol. ❖ 09/2011 www.ndu.edu A JOURNAL OF THE CENTER FOR COMPLEX OPERATIONS TITLE FEATURES 3 Transforming the Conflict in Afghanistan by Joseph A. L’Etoile 17 State-building: Job Creation, Investment Promotion, and the Provision of Basic Services by Paul Collier 31 Operationalizing Anticipatory Governance ndupress.ndu.edu by Leon Fuerth www.ndu.edu/press 47 Colombia: Updating the Mission? by Carlos Alberto Ospina Ovalle 63 Reflections on the Human Terrain System During the First 4 Years by Montgomery McFate and Steve Fondacaro 83 Patronage versus Professionalism in New Security Institutions by Kimberly Marten 99 Regional Engagement in Africa: Closing the Gap Between Strategic Ends and Ways by Laura R. Varhola and Christopher H. Varhola 111 NATO Countering the Hybrid Threat by Michael Aaronson, Sverre Diessen, Yves de Kermabon, Mary Beth Long, and Michael Miklaucic FROM THE FIELD 125 COIN in Peace-building: Case Study of the 2009 Malakand Operation by Nadeem Ahmed LESSONS LEARNED 139 The Premature Debate on CERP Effectiveness by Michael Fischerkeller INTERVIEW 151 An Interview with Richard B. Myers BOOK REVIEW 160 The Future of Power Reviewed by John W. Coffey PRISM wants your feedback. Take a short survey online at: www.ccoportal.org/prism-feedback-survey PRISMPRISM 2, no. 4 FEATURES | 1 AUTHOR Afghan and U.S. commandos reinforce Afghan government presence in remote villages along Afghanistan-Pakistan border U.S. Army (Justin P. Morelli) U.S. Army (Justin P. Transforming the Conflict in Afghanistan BY JOSEPH A. L’ETOILE any have characterized the war in Afghanistan as a violent political argument between the government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (with its coalition partners) and Mthe Taliban, with the population watching and waiting to decide whom to join, and when.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurram Tangi Dam Consultants
    Environmental Impact Assessment: Part 4 Project Number: 44914 April 2011 PAK: Patrind Hydropower Project Prepared by Star Hydropower Limited for the Asian Development Bank. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. 147 MW PATRIND HYDROPOWER PROJECT PAKISTAN FISH STUDY APRIL 2011 STAR HYDROPOWER LIMITED HEAD OFFICE: House No. 534, Margalla road, Sector F10/2, Islamabad - Pakistan Tel: +92 51 2212610-1 Fax: +92 51 2212616 E-mail: [email protected] Patrind Hydropower Project Fish Fauna Study TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. ES-1 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... ES-1 2. FISH SAMPLING ........................................................................................................................... ES-1 3. WATER QUALITY SAMPLING ...................................................................................................... ES-1 4. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
    [Show full text]
  • PRELIMINARY DAMAGE and NEEDS ASSESSMENT Immediate Restoration and Medium Term Reconstruction in Crisis Affected Areas
    Pakistan North West Frontier Province and Federally Administered Tribal Areas Public Disclosure Authorized PRELIMINARY DAMAGE AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT Immediate Restoration and Medium Term Reconstruction in Crisis Affected Areas Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared By Asian Development Bank and World Bank for Government of Pakistan Public Disclosure Authorized Islamabad, Pakistan November 2009 CURRENCY AND EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Pakistan Rupee US$1 = PKR 80 FISCAL YEAR July 1 - June 30 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank AHQ Agency Headquarter AI Artificial Insemination ATM Automatic Teller Machine BHU Basic Health Unit C&W Communication and Works CERINA Conflict Early Recovery Initial Needs Assessment CH Civil Hospital CNIC Computerized National Identity Card CSR Composite Schedule of Rates DCO District Coordination Officer DFID Department for International Development DHQ District Headquarter DISCO Distribution Company DoE Department of Education DNA Damage and Needs Assessment EIAMF Environmental Impact Assessment and Management Framework FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas FCR Frontier Crimes Regulation FDMA FATA Disaster Management Authority FHA Frontier Highway Authority FLCF First Level Care Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GoNWFP Government of North West Frontier Province GoP Government of Pakistan HC High Court HH Household HIES Household Integrated Economic Survey HT High Tension IDP Internally Displaced Persons IED Improvised Explosive
    [Show full text]
  • The Hazara Division of Pakistan -- Growing Talibanization Amidst Political the Terrorism Monitor Is Instability Designed to Be Read by Policy- by Tayyab Ali Shah
    VOLUME VIII, ISSUE 17 u APRIL 29, 2010 IN THIS ISSUE: BRIEFS...................................................................................................................................1 IRANIAN NAVAL EXERCISES DISPLAY ADVANCEMENTS IN IRGC ARMED CAPABILITIES By Nima Adelkhah.................................................................................................................3 Protesters in Haripur HUJI OPERATIONS EXPAND BEYOND THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT By Animesh Roul...................................................................................................................4 Terrorism Monitor is a publication of The Jamestown Foundation. THE HAZARA DIVISION OF PAKISTAN -- GROWING TALIBANIZATION AMIDST POLITICAL The Terrorism Monitor is INSTABILITY designed to be read by policy- By Tayyab Ali Shah...............................................................................................................6 makers and other specialists yet be accessible to the general public. The opinions expressed within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily SHAYKH ABU AL-HARITH DESCRIBES SALAFIST OPPOSITION TO reflect those of The Jamestown HAMAS AND ISRAEL Foundation. As Hamas struggles with the transition from militant group to government in Gaza, the movement has lost much of the initiative in its confrontation with Israel Unauthorized reproduction or redistribution of this or any to a number of Salafi-Jihadi groups that promise uncompromising resistance to Jamestown publication is strictly Hamas and Israel alike.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Jan 2021 Copy
    SHAIGAN 01 ISSUE | 2021 INTERCOM ISO 9001:2015 ISO/IEC 17025:2017 WWW.SHAIGAN.COM 1. World Diabetes Day 2020....................................................................................1-2 2. Pegalin Physiotherapy Camps...........................................................................3-4 3. Famot 100 Million Plus (Value) Achievement....................................................5-6 4. SBU – III Budget Meeting 2021...........................................................................7-8 5. Femicare Budget Meeting 2021........................................................................9-10 6. Khyber 1 Budget Meeting 2021.......................................................................11-12 7. Live Webinar.....................................................................................................13-14 8. Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR).......................................................................15-16 9. KHYBER II Budget Meeting 2021....................................................................17-18 10. Organizational Motivation… Reward Policy.................................................19-20 11. Ortho Budget Meeting 2021...........................................................................21-22 Designed By: Malik M. Shaiq 12. Dermocare Budget Meeting 2021................................................................. 23-24 Compiled by : Sheikh Saqib 13. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - The Tourist Hotspot ............................................. 25-28 Edited by: Fasiha Qaiser
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL Idps CONFERENCE JUNE 24, 2009
    NATIONAL IDPs CONFERENCE JUNE 24, 2009 IDPs RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS IHRO SECRETARIAT 921 Street No.80 Sector I-8/3 Islamabad Ph: 051-4430150 Fax: 051-4435861 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.ihro.org.pk INTRODUCTION International Human Rights Observer (IHRO) is working together with Government, United Nations and other International institutions to promote and protect the basic fundamental human rights for the masses declared in the universal charter of human rights of United Nations to build a global village of lasting peace, social and economic justices and development. IHRO is an independent, non-political, non-profitable and non-governmental organization registered under social welfare act 1961 in Pakistan and incorporated in USA and UK. It has a network of 53,000 volunteers in Pakistan that play a vital role against human rights violation on grass root level since its creation. IHRO is mainly dealing with the Human Rights Monitoring, Human Rights Education, Sustainable Development, Research and Human Rights Awareness through national and international Conferences, Workshops and Seminars. SITUATION ANALYSIS The Government of Pakistan (GOP) started its military operation in Swat District to stop militancy in Malakand Division. The military operation is resulting in huge migration of masses to down districts of the province and other parts the country. Government of Pakistan’s figures shows the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has risen to an estimated 3.584 million. The government has established camps in Mardan, Nowshera, Peshawar, Charsada, Swabi, Haripur and Abbotabad. According to a survey, the recent turmoil in Pakistan has resulted in one of the largest internal migration of the century.
    [Show full text]
  • Livelihoods, Basic Services and Social Protection in North-Western Pakistan Working Paper 5 Babar Shahbaz, Qasim Ali Shah, Abid Q
    Researching livelihoods and services affected by conflict Livelihoods, basic services and social protection in north-western Pakistan Working Paper 5 Babar Shahbaz, Qasim Ali Shah, Abid Q. Suleri, Steve Commins and Akbar Ali Malik August 2012 About us Secure Livelihoods Research Consortium (SLRC) aims to generate a stronger evidence base on how people make a living, educate their children, deal with illness and access other basic services in conflict-affected situations (CAS). Providing better access to basic services, social protection and support to livelihoods matters for the human welfare of people affected by conflict, the achievement of development targets such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and international efforts at peace- and state-building. At the centre of SLRC’s research are three core themes, developed over the course of an intensive one- year inception phase: ▪ State legitimacy: experiences, perceptions and expectations of the state and local governance in conflict-affected situations ▪ State capacity: building effective states that deliver services and social protection in conflict-affected situations ▪ Livelihood trajectories and economic activity under conflict The Overseas Development Institute (ODI) is the lead organisation. SLRC partners include the Centre for Poverty Analysis (CEPA) in Sri Lanka, Feinstein International Center (FIC, Tufts University), the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU), the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) in Pakistan, Disaster Studies of Wageningen University (WUR) in the Netherlands, the Nepal Centre for Contemporary Research (NCCR), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Secure Livelihoods Research Consortium Disclaimer: The views presented in this paper are those of the 111 Westminster Bridge Road author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of DFID, Overseas Development Institute SLRC or our partners.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Post-Earthquake Gender Susceptibility in Balakot Tehsil, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
    Pakistan Perspectives Vol. 25, No.1, January-June 2020 Understanding Post-earthquake Gender Susceptibility in Balakot Tehsil, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Tabassum Rehmani,* Farooq Ahmed** & Muhammad Shahid*** Abstract Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of structural vulnerability and violence, this study examines how the ‘2005 earthquake’ in Pakistan affected the female gender. It aims to find out the unique experiences of the socio-cultural vulnerability of gender, which led them to migrate towards other places. It attempts to identify those factors which contributed to women's vulnerability. Qualitative research methods, such as key-informant and in-depth interviews, were used in this research. In-depth interviews were conducted by using a purposive sampling technique with thirty highly affected women of Balakot belonging to twenty-five households. The present study finds out six major themes, almost all dealing with a lack of privacy and females’ private domain. These include: a) gendered migration; b) ethnicity; c) problems of toilet and bathing; d) problems for pregnant women; e) difficulty in looking after the family; and, f) forced sexual relations. Data collection from respondents of different ages, class, and caste helped us to understand the lived experiences of the women of Balakot. The study finds out that gendered vulnerability plays a very important role in making decisions to migrate. This study might influence governments to bring the required changes in their policies to serve the women population better during and after disasters. Key words: Balakot, Earthquake 2005, Gender susceptibility, Gendered migration, Disaster Management ______ Introduction Disaster is considered as a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes severe damage or loss of life.
    [Show full text]