Biofuels, land access and rural livelihoods in Tanzania Emmanuel Sulle and Fred Nelson Biofuels, land access and rural livelihoods in Tanzania Emmanuel Sulle and Fred Nelson Series editor: Lorenzo Cotula Biofuels, land access and rural livelihoods in Tanzania Emmanuel Sulle and Fred Nelson © IIED, 2009 For copies of this publication, contact IIED. Email:
[email protected] IIED Order No: 12560IIED Citation: Sulle, E. and Nelson, F., 2009, BIOFUELS, LAND ACCESS AND RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN TANZANIA, IIED, London. ISBN: 978-1-84369-749-7 All photos by Emmanuel Sulle, 2008 and 2009. Cover photo: Boiling palm oil in the local processing mill in Kigoma Rural District, Tanzania. Design: Smith+Bell (www.smithplusbell.com) Printing: Russell Press (www.russellpress.com) Printed on: Greencoat Velvet 200 gsm and Greencoat Velvet 100 gsm The research findings presented in the report are updated to June 2009. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of IIED. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research report was commissioned by Tanzania Natural Resource Forum’s Forestry Working Group (TFWG) and the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). Funding for the research and for this publication was provided by IIED’s Multidonor Framework Agreement, generously supported by Danida (Denmark), DFID (UK), DGIS (the Netherlands), Irish Aid (Ireland), Norad (Norway), SDC (Switzerland) and Sida (Sweden). Additional funding for the research was kindly provided by IUCN Tanzania as part of its support to the TFWG. We were warmly welcomed by the villagers we visited and many of them had insightful thoughts and observations to share. Thank you to community leaders who generously provided key information on biofuel developments in their villages.