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Environment Statistics Report, 2017 Tanzania Mainland

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Environment Statistics Report, 2017 Tanzania Mainland The United Republic of Tanzania June, 2018 The United Republic of Tanzania National Environment Statistics Report, 2017 Tanzania Mainland The National Environment Statistics Report, 2017 (NESR, 2017) was compiled by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in collaboration with National Technical Working Group on Environment Statistics. The compilation work of this report took place between December, 2016 to March, 2018. Funding for compilation and report writing was provided by the Government of Tanzania and the World Bank (WB) through the Tanzania Statistical Master Plan (TSMP) Basket Fund. Technical support was provided by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and the East African Community (EAC) Secretariat. Additional information about this report may be obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics through the following address: Director General, 18 Kivukoni Road, P.O.Box 796, 11992 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Telephone: 255-22-212-2724; email: [email protected]; website: www.nbs.go.tz). Recommended citation: National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania] 2017. National Environment Statistics Report, 2017 (NESR, 2017), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Mainland. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... ix List of Maps ................................................................................................................................... x LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND NOTATIONS ..................................................................... xi PREFACE ................................................................................................................................... xv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... xviii Summary Table of Key Latest Available Environment Statistics, 2013-2017 ................... xxiii BACKGROUND, methodology, AND CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ........................ xxvi Background .............................................................................................................................. xxvi CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND QUALITY ............................................................ 1 1.1: Physical Conditions ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1: Atmosphere, Climate and Weather ................................................................................ 1 1.1.1.1: Background .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1.2: Physical Features ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1.3: Climatology of Tanzania ................................................................................................ 2 1.1.1.4: Annual Mean Maximum Temperature Records from Meteorological Stations ............. 4 1.1.1.5: Monthly Mean Maximum Temperature ......................................................................... 5 1.1.1.6: Annual Mean Minimum Temperature Records for Meteorological Stations from 2012 to 2016 ............................................................................................................................ 7 1.1.1.7: Monthly Mean Minimum Temperature .......................................................................... 7 1.1.1.8: Annual Rainfall Records for Meteorological Stations (2012 – 2016) ............................ 9 Table 1. 5: Annual Rainfall (mm), by Stations, 2012 - 2016 .......................................................... 9 1.1.1.9: Monthly Total Rainfall ................................................................................................. 10 1.1.2 - Hydrographical Characteristics .................................................................................... 11 1.1.2.1: Water Resources Availability ....................................................................................... 14 1.1.2.2: International Water Issues ............................................................................................ 15 1.1.2.3: Water Use ..................................................................................................................... 17 1.1.2.4: Rural Water Supply ...................................................................................................... 17 1.1.2.5: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ............................................................................. 17 1.1.2.6: Water Management ...................................................................................................... 18 1.1.2.7: Groundwater Resources ............................................................................................... 19 1.1.2.8: Groundwater Governance ............................................................................................. 19 1.1.3 - Geological and Geographical Information ................................................................... 20 1.1.3.1: Geographical Location, Boundaries and Area ............................................................. 20 1.1.3.5: Description about Coastal Area .................................................................................... 22 1.1.3.6: International Legal Frameworks for Coastal and Marine Resources Governance ....... 23 1.1.3.13: Environment Legislation .............................................................................................. 24 1.1.3.14: Economic Importance of Coastal Area ........................................................................ 25 1.1.3.15: Coastal Resources Degradation .................................................................................... 26 1.1.3.16: Coastal Area Management ........................................................................................... 26 1.1.4 - Soil Characteristics ....................................................................................................... 26 i 1.2.1- Land Cover ................................................................................................................... 27 1.2.2- Ecosystems and Biodiversity ........................................................................................ 29 1.2.2.1: Known Flora and Fauna Species .................................................................................. 33 1.2.2.2: Tanzania’s Endemic Flora and Fauna Species ............................................................. 33 1.2.2.4: Invasive Alien Species (Flora and Fauna) .................................................................... 34 1.2.2.5: Invasive Flora Species .................................................................................................. 34 1.2.2.6: Invasive Fauna Species ................................................................................................ 35 1.2.2.7: Control and Management of Invasive Species ............................................................. 35 1.2.2.8: Protected Terrestrial Area ............................................................................................ 36 1.2.2.9: National Parks .............................................................................................................. 36 1.2.2.10: Game Reserves and Other Protected Areas .................................................................. 40 1.2.2.11: Game Controlled Areas (GCAs) .................................................................................. 41 1.2.2.12: Forest Reserves ............................................................................................................. 43 1.2.3- Forests .......................................................................................................................... 48 1.3. Environmental Quality ................................................................................................. 51 1.3.2: Freshwater Quality ....................................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................ 65 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES AND THEIR USE ........................................................ 65 2.1: Mineral Resources ........................................................................................................ 65 2.1.1- Stocks and Changes of Mineral Resources .................................................................. 67 2.1.2- Production and Trade of Minerals ................................................................................ 68 2.1.2.1: Production of Minerals ................................................................................................. 68 2.1.2.2: Importation of Minerals ................................................................................................ 70 2.1.2.3: Exportation of Minerals ................................................................................................ 71 2.2. Energy Resources ........................................................................................................
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