Art Barbosa.Indd

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Art Barbosa.Indd A Mulher Na Capoeira Maria José Somerlate Bar- as últimas décadas, a divulgação da capoeira no bosa é professora de litera- mundo tem sido rápida e constante e o número de tura e cultura brasileiras publicações sobre o assunto tem se multiplicado na Universidade de Iowa. aN olhos vistos. No entanto, as referências a mulheres capo- Publicou os seguintes livros: eiristas são esparsas e de pouco vulto e não há uma análise Clarice Lispector: Spinning the Webs of Passion (1996), sistemática da sua participação ativa nos círculos de capoeira. Mutações Faiscantes / Spa- Num esforço para diminuir esse vácuo, este estudo traça a rkling Mutations (1997) trajetória da mulher na capoeira, enfocando as mudanças e Clarice Lispector: Des/ ocorridas nos últimos anos e os fatores que lhe propiciaram fiando as Teias da Paixão uma participação mais significativa nas rodas, academias e (2001). Organizou Passo e agremiações. Estabelece também uma visão panorâmica das Compasso: Nos Ritmos do atividades e contribuições femininas para a divulgação da Envelhecer (2003) e tem capoeira, no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, sem perder de vista publicado extensivamente os obstáculos que a mulher ainda enfrenta. em coletâneas e revistas especializadas no Brasil e 1 nos Estados Unidos. Sua A Presença da Mulher na Capoeira pesquisa atual se concentra na cultura e na literatura É difícil precisar a influência que a mulher exerceu no afro-brasileiras. desenvolvimento da capoeira como jogo/luta/dança/ritual ou traçar com exatidão o histórico da sua participação ativa porque a capoeira era de tradição ágrafa e de domínio quase que exclusivamente masculino. Alguns estudos levantam a hipótese de que a coreografia dos movimentos da capoeira possa ter se originado numa dança de iniciação feminina. Luiz da Câmara Cascudo foi o primeiro a estabelecer uma conexão entre essa dança angolana e a capoeira2: Entre os Mucope do sul de Angola, há uma dança da zebra, N’golo, que ocorre durante a Efundula, festa da puberdade das raparigas, quando essas deixam de Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies Volume 9, 2005 10 Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies ser muficuenas, meninas, e passam reservados aos homens que se destacaram à condição de mulheres, aptas a na capoeira na mesma época. Os esparsos casamento e à procriação. comentários publicados sobre as atividades O rapaz vencedor no N’golo dessas mulheres referem-se geralmente a tem o direito de escolher a esposa seu comportamento “masculino” e/ou a sua entre as novas iniciadas e sem pagar o dote esponsalício. O N’golo é a destreza, como alguns dos apelidos revelam capoeira. (Folclore 184-85) (Maria Homem, Júlia Fogareira, Maria Pé no Mato). Parece importante também ressaltar que a documentação escrita é Apesar de significante, essa associação entre extremamente escassa para que se possa a origem da capoeira e um ritual de iniciação traçar um perfil e/ou avaliar com precisão feminino mostra apenas que, como a N’golo o desempenho feminino no âmbito da estava restrita aos rapazes, as mulheres ti- capoeira nas décadas anteriores a 1970. Seria nham uma participação indireta. arriscado e impróprio tanto simplificar a Carlos Eugênio Líbano Soares afirma contribuição feminina, reduzindo-a a umas que até o século XX, “as mulheres que têm poucas capoeiristas, como assegurar que um papel fundamental na cultura escrava urbana número significativo de mulheres tenha estavam, de acordo com todos os indícios, participado ativamente das rodas ou do jogo banidas do universo da capoeira, pelo menos antes dos anos 70, pois não há suficiente indiretamente” (A capoeira 121). Mas, o documentação escrita para que se estabeleça próprio autor encontrou uma notícia sobre qualquer um dos dois argumentos. a repressão aos capoeiristas que menciona Embora o “impacto” feminino no duas mulheres: “Isabel e Ana passam a jogo da capoeira, anterior à década de 70, vida a brigar; e para isso desafiam quem seja um aspecto de difícil comprovação, as lhes dirige qualquer palavra desagradável e, mulheres sempre estiveram presentes nas quando empenham qualquer luta, mostram rodas que se formavam nas ruas de Salvador ser peritas na capoeiragem” (A negregada e do Rio de Janeiro. Em City of Women, 303).3 Trata-se, entretanto, ao que tudo estudo em que descreve a mulher como indica, de casos isolados e de pouco vulto, elemento catalisador da cultura de Salvador, principalmente quando comparados ao Ruth Lande menciona que geralmente as número de capoeiristas do sexo masculino rodas de capoeira se formavam em lugares que se destacaram na época. onde havia uma “baiana” vendendo acarajé, Alguns estudiosos e pesquisadores doces ou outras comidas. No Rio de da história da capoeira no século XX Janeiro, as “quitandeiras”—especialmente costumam mencionar o nome de sete as que se localizavam no Largo da Sé— mulheres que ficaram famosas antes da desempenharam um papel semelhante incursão feminina sistemática nos círculos ao das “baianas” (cf. Soares, A capoeira de capoeira: Maria Homem, Júlia Fogareira, 175). As cantigas de capoeira, de domínio Maria Cachoeira, Maria Pernambucana, público, confirmam a presença da mulher Maria Pé no Mato, Odília e Palmeirona nas proximidades das rodas, como se pode (Bola Sete 27; Araújo, “Sou” 133). No verificar no seguinte corrido: “Dona Maria, entanto, mesmo que algumas capoeiristas o que vende aí? / É coco e pipoca que é do tenham se tornado figuras lendárias, Brasil. /Coro: Dona Maria, o que vende aí?” não gozam do prestígio e da admiração (Citado em Bola Sete 127). Maria José Somerlate Barbosa 11 Para impor ordem e autoridade, visibilidade nas rodas, nos grupos ou nas esquadrões atuavam contra os grupos academias revelam que, com raras exceções, de capoeira e os candomblés, e a polícia ela era vista quase exclusivamente como registrava as prisões dos capoeiristas e uma peça de apoio na estrutura social do descrevia suas atividades. Nesse contexto jogo/luta/dança/ritual ou como participante repressivo, os capoeiristas contavam com da resistência cultural afro-brasileira. o apoio de outros grupos marginalizados Tais argumentos não são suficientes para como as prostitutas e trabalhadores de rua, determinar ou explicar uma participação que se uniam para fugir da perseguição da “ativa” da mulher, enquanto capoeirista, ou polícia (Soares, A negregada 336). Segundo estabelecer as razões que redimensionaram a Waldeloir Rego, na Bahia, “as mulheres sua posição e o seu lugar na capoeira. de saia, como eram chamadas as negras Enquanto os homens se beneficiam africanas ou descendentes” tornavam-se do fato de que a capoeira tem uma longa cúmplices e aliadas dos capoeiristas, pois tradição masculina e de mestres que servem além de avisar os homens da aproximação de modelos para as gerações de rapazes e da polícia, escondiam armas perigosas meninos, só nas últimas décadas, as mulheres (geralmente uma navalha ou uma faca de começaram a ganhar sistematicamente tal ticum) que retiravam da cabeça, do cabelo projeção e apoio. Mesmo não se podendo e do torso e entregavam aos capoeiristas no precisar com acuidade a participação tangível exato momento em que eles delas precisavam da mulher na trajetória histórica do jogo, é para atacar ou se defender (297). inegável que a partir dos anos 70, ela tem Nas décadas posteriores ao estabeleci- atuado de forma muito mais ativa e, desde mento das academias de capoeira (meados os anos 80, a sua presença nas rodas, nos dos anos 30), nota-se que a presença da grupos e nas academias se faz cada vez mais mulher nos círculos da capoeira se manifesta numerosa. É o que explica Rosângela Costa também em forma de um apoio logístico ou Araújo, Contra-Mestre Janja, co-fundadora serviçal. Desde que a capoeira começou a do Instituto Nzinga de Estudos da Capoeira sair das ruas e se estabeleceu em academias, Angola e Tradições Educativas Banto no é muito comum que a aluna capoeirista seja Brasil (INCAB), dirigente da Orquestra a secretária e/ou coordenadora do grupo Nzinga de Berimbaus de São Paulo e a que ela está afiliada. Por isso, Frederico diretora da revista Toques de Angola: Abreu considera que “se a mulher não trouxe uma contribuição para a ‘forma’ de jogar A mulher deixou de ser vista como capoeira, trouxe a organização, cuidando de “novidade” nos grupos, academias assuntos burocráticos” (entrevista pessoal, e rodas de capoeira. […] Novidade Salvador, 03 de agosto de 2002). mesmo é o fato da sua atual represen- tação numérica e qualitativa; ou seja, Ainda que haja referências à mulher o fato delas representarem hoje cerca nas cantigas, que ela atue como elemento de 40% dos praticantes de capoeira, catalisador da roda, ou que seja parte de um numa distribuição mundial, indica todo social na capacidade de organizadora que tanto a capoeira, no geral, quan- ou secretária, este tipo de participação indica to os grupos, academias, mestres, apenas que a sua “presença” nos círculos da contra-mestres, professores, etc., no capoeira era constante. As referências a sua particular, não podem mais insistir 12 Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies em ignorá-las, ou mesmo em reduzir se atraídas pelo jogo porque já estudaram seus papéis e participação na prática dança, ioga, educação física ou uma arte e nas atividades destas organizações. marcial. Grande parte das entrevistas que (“Contra-Mestre” 18) fiz no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, bem como outras referências encontradas em Ao escolher o nome Nzinga para o gru- depoimentos e entrevistas com mulheres que po e a orquestra, Contra-Mestre Janja e os se destacam na capoeira, confirmam que a
Recommended publications
  • Dancing Through Difficulties: Capoeira As a Fight Against Oppression by Sara Da Conceição
    Dancing Through Difficulties: Capoeira as a Fight Against Oppression by Sara da Conceição Capoeira is difficult to define. It is an African form of physical, spiritual, and cultural expression. It is an Afro-Brazilian martial art. It is a dance, a fight, a game, an art form, a mentality, an identity, a sport, an African ritual, a worldview, a weapon, and a way of life, among other things. Sometimes it is all of these things at once, sometimes it isn’t. It can be just a few of them or something different altogether. Capoeira is considered a “game” not a “fight” or a “match,” and the participants “play” rather than “fight” against each other. There are no winners or losers. It is dynamic and fluid: there is no true beginning or end to the game of capoeira. In perhaps the most widely recognized and referenced book dealing with capoeira, Ring of Liberation: Deceptive Discourse in Brazilian Capoeira, J. Lowell Lewis attempts to orient the reader with a fact-based, straightforward description of this blurred cultural genre: A game or sport played throughout Brazil (and elsewhere in the world) today, which was originally part of the Afro-Brazilian folk tradition. It is a martial art, involving a complete system of self-defense, but it also has a dance-like, acrobatic movement style which, combined with the presence of music and song, makes the games into a kind of performance that attracts many kinds of spectators, both tourists and locals. (xxiii) An outsider experiencing capoeira for the first time would undoubtedly assert that the “game” is a spectacular, impressive, and peculiar sight, due to its graceful and spontaneous integration of fighting techniques with dance, music, and unorthodox acrobatic movements.
    [Show full text]
  • Following the Trail of the Snake: a Life History of Cobra Mansa “Cobrinha” Mestre of Capoeira
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: FOLLOWING THE TRAIL OF THE SNAKE: A LIFE HISTORY OF COBRA MANSA “COBRINHA” MESTRE OF CAPOEIRA Isabel Angulo, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008 Directed By: Dr. Jonathan Dueck Division of Musicology and Ethnomusicology, School of Music, University of Maryland Professor John Caughey American Studies Department, University of Maryland This dissertation is a cultural biography of Mestre Cobra Mansa, a mestre of the Afro-Brazilian martial art of capoeira angola. The intention of this work is to track Mestre Cobrinha’s life history and accomplishments from his beginning as an impoverished child in Rio to becoming a mestre of the tradition—its movements, music, history, ritual and philosophy. A highly skilled performer and researcher, he has become a cultural ambassador of the tradition in Brazil and abroad. Following the Trail of the Snake is an interdisciplinary work that integrates the research methods of ethnomusicology (oral history, interview, participant observation, musical and performance analysis and transcription) with a revised life history methodology to uncover the multiple cultures that inform the life of a mestre of capoeira. A reflexive auto-ethnography of the author opens a dialog between the experiences and developmental steps of both research partners’ lives. Written in the intersection of ethnomusicology, studies of capoeira, social studies and music education, the academic dissertation format is performed as a roda of capoeira aiming to be respectful of the original context of performance. The result is a provocative ethnographic narrative that includes visual texts from the performative aspects of the tradition (music and movement), aural transcriptions of Mestre Cobra Mansa’s storytelling and a myriad of writing techniques to accompany the reader in a multi-dimensional journey of multicultural understanding.
    [Show full text]
  • Helio Campos Parte 1.Pdf
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO HELIO JOSÉ BASTOS CARNEIRO DE CAMPOS CAPOEIRA REGIONAL: A ESCOLA DE MESTRE BIMBA Salvador 2006 HELIO JOSÉ BASTOS CARNEIRO DE CAMPOS CAPOEIRA REGIONAL: A ESCOLA DE MESTRE BIMBA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação, Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Educação. Orientador: Prof. Ph.D. Edivaldo Machado Boaventura. Salvador 2006 ii Biblioteca Anísio Teixeira – Faculdade de Educação/ UFBA C198 Campos, Hélio José Bastos Carneiro de. Capoeira regional : a escola de Mestre Bimba / Hélio José Bastos Carneiro de Campos. – 2006. 423 f. : il. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Educação, 2006. Orientador: Prof. Ph.D. Edivaldo Machado Boaventura. 1. Capoeira – Bahia. 2. Bimba, Mestre, 1900 – 1974. 3. Capoeira – Estudo e ensino. 4. Capoeiristas – Formação. I. Boaventura, Edivaldo Machado. II. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Educação. III. Título. CDD 796.81098142 – 22. ed. iv Dedico essa tese, de maneira particular, ao Professor Edivaldo Machado Boaventura, meu dileto orientador, incentivador constante, sempre disponível, bem humorado e de presença marcante em todas as etapas desse trabalho cientifico. Professor Edivaldo, o senhor mora no lado esquerdo do meu peito. Dedico, também, esse trabalho, a todos os capoeiristas que acreditam na capoeira como forte ferramenta em favor da educação, cultura e construção do cidadão brasileiro.
    [Show full text]
  • Uca Student Guide
    2010 STUDENT GUIDE © 2010 - United Capoeira Association (UCA) A Project of the Capoeira Arts Foundation Table of Contents Welcome................................ 03 1900s Street Capoeira............. 19 Abbreviated Summary........... 05 Capoeira Regional................... 20 Levels of Development........... 06 Capoeira Angola...................... 22 Required Techniques............. 08 Present Day Capoeira.............. 23 Fundamentals & Rules........... 11 About the Music....................... 24 Capoeira Arts Foundation...... 14 Moving Through the Levels..... 32 About Capoeira....................... 15 Vocabulary Pronunciation....... 33 Origins of Capoeira................. 16 Additional Resources............... 35 Pre-Republican Capoeira........ 18 Mestre's Gallery........................ 36 Welcome to Capoeira UCA. First of all, let's thank Mestre Galo, Mestra Suelly, and Akal for editing this work. This brief and informal guide will give you some insight into general aspects of capoeira, as well as some details about our school. It is designed to help you understand our system of training, as well as how you can get the most benefit from practicing capoeira. If you are a novice and do not want to read everything at once, please read the Summary. Capoeira is a complex art with a rich historical trajectory, a full and meaningful cultural context, and contradictory interpretations. To acquire clear and comprehensive information on capoeira requires a significant level of responsibility from both the school and student. In the early seventies, levels of proficiency were established to accommodate students with different goals and time invested in the study of capoeira. Consequently, students will progress through distinct levels in terms of physical and technical capabilities, musical skills, and theoretical knowledge. These levels help students to measure their own progress and to visualize attainable goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazil 500 Years: Crossing Boundaries from Cabral to the Third Millennium (July 7-August 12, 2000)
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 459 116 SO 033 295 TITLE Brazil 500 Years: Crossing Boundaries from Cabral to the Third Millennium (July 7-August 12, 2000). Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminars Abroad Program, 2000 (Brazil). SPONS AGENCY Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 2001-00-00 NOTE 506p. AVAILABLE FROM Web site: http://www.info.lncc.br/Fulbright/. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom - Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF02/PC21 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Curriculum Development; Educational Environment; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; *Humanities; *Latin American History; Secondary Education; *Social Studies IDENTIFIERS *Brazil; Global Issues ABSTRACT In the year 2000, Brazil celebrated the 500th anniversary Of its discovery by the Portuguese navigator, Pedro Alvares Cabral, and subsequent settlement by the Portuguese and African, Western, and Asian immigrants. The seminar commemorating these events was designed for U.S. secondary and post-secondary teachers and curriculum specialists of the social sciences and the humanities who seek to understand, teach, do research, and update their knowledge of Brazil. The participants have created curriculum units for this report. The seminar devoted special attention to contemporary issues, comparing the development of Brazil since early European colonization with the challenges of the globalized world of the next millennium. This report begins with the itinerary and a list of the participants. Curriculum projects in the report are: "The Scope of Privatization in Brazil" (Edward H. Allen); "The Changing Status of Women in Brazil: 1950-2000" (Rose-Marie Avin); "The Educational System and the Street Children of Brazil" (Timothy J. Bergen, Jr.); "Brazil 500 Years: Crossing Boundaries from Cabral to the Third Millennium" (Kathy Curnow); "Summer 2000 Fulbright-Hays Project.
    [Show full text]
  • Wheres the Roda-Understanding Capoeira Culture in an American
    WHERE’S THE RODA?: UNDERSTANDING CAPOEIRA CULTURE IN AN AMERICAN CONTEXT Ashley Humphrey A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF MUSIC December 2018 Committee: Kara Attrep, Advisor Megan Rancier © 2014 Ashley Humphrey All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Kara Attrep, Advisor The Afro-Brazilian martial art of capoeira has become an increasingly popular sport in the United States. Capoeira performances consist of a back-and-forth exchange of movements between two players in conjunction with a musical ensemble to accompany the physical display. Since the introduction of capoeira in the United States in the 1970s, capoeira has become the focus of various social institutions. The objective of this thesis is to acknowledge and problematize the impact American culture has made on capoeira aesthetics. The methods for this thesis included research in the fields of ethnomusicology, anthropology, post-colonial theory, and transatlantic studies. Fieldwork was conducted to acquire first hand accounts of capoeira practitioners from the Michigan Center for Capoeira. Lastly, an analysis of the portrayal of capoeira in the media examines how capoeira is showcased to audiences in the United States. Historical accounts, academic discourse, capoeira practitioners, and popular culture reveal how American culture has received capoeira. My research has shown that capoeira culture is represented and interpreted by various groups, such as scholars, American capoeira academies, and the media. These different interpretations have resulted in the displacement, fragmentation, or misrepresentation of capoeira history in the context of American culture. ' I conclude that dominant social structures have inherently changed how capoeira is discussed in academia, practiced in American academies, and portrayed in the media.
    [Show full text]
  • Communicating Culture Through Capoeira
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2005 Communicating Culture Through Capoeira Desislava Georgieva University of Central Florida Part of the Communication Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Georgieva, Desislava, "Communicating Culture Through Capoeira" (2005). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 446. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/446 COMMUNICATING CULTURE THROUGH CAPOEIRA by DESISLAVA GEORGIEVA M.A., University of Sofia St. Kliment Okhridski, 2000 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Communication at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2005 ABSTRACT The popularity of capoeira, a dance based in the martial arts and originating among slaves in Sixteenth-Century Brazil, has increased greatly in recent decades as it has spread worldwide as a performance representative of Brazilian history and culture. In 1974, capoeira was declared the national sport of Brazil. Today capoeira academies and competitions may be found wherever Brazilian culture is celebrated and communicated in many major foreign cities. My thesis, through the participant/observer method and the use of long interviews, examines capoeira as it is practiced in one particular academy far from the art form’s place of origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Capoeira Verbesserung
    Abschlussarbeit Zur Erlangung Des Magister Artium im Fachbereich Historische Ethnologie der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Thema: Kampf und Tanz: Ein ethnologischer Vergleich von Capoeira, Moringue und Danmyé in ehemaligen portugiesischen und französischen Kolonien 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Iris Gareis 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Mamadou Diawara Vorgelegt von: Marie-Claire Thull Aus: Bad Soden/ Taunus Einreichungsdatum: 20.12.2006 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis I. Einleitung 4-6 II. Capoeira 6 1. Extensionen der afrikanischen Kultur in Brasilien 6-7 2. Die afro-brasilianische Musikkultur 7-9 3. Definition der Capoeira 9-10 4. Etymologie 11-12 5. Theorien des Ursprungs 12-13 6. Historische Entwicklung 14-18 7. Das Spiel jogo 18-19 8. Technik und Bewegungsrepertoire 19-24 9. Capoeira Angola und Capoeira Regional 24-25 9.1. Unterschied der Spiele 25-27 9.2. Vergleich zwischen Capoeira Angola und Capoeira Regional 27 9.3. Spiele in den Spielen 28 10. Philosophie: malícia und mandinga 29-32 11. Die Funktion der Musik 33 12. Instrumentalensemble 34-36 13. Toques de Berimbau 37-40 14. Der musikalische Ablauf der roda 41 15. Gesangsgattungen 41-45 16. Thematik der Lieder 45-52 17. Symbolik 52-53 18. Capoeira als Ritual 53-55 19. Der Einfluss des Candomblé 55-57 20. Capoeira heute 57-64 III. Danmyé 64 1. Kolonisation des Indischen Ozeans: La Réunion und Martinique 65-66 2. Indigene und afrikanische Einflüsse in der karibischen Musik 66-68 3. Definition des Danmyé 68-69 4. Verwandte Gattungen 69-70 5. Etymologie 70-71 6. Ursprung 71-73 7. Geschichtliche Entwicklung 73-74 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Hard Play: Capoeira and the Politics of Inequality in Rio De Janeiro
    HARD PLAY: CAPOEIRA AND THE POLITICS OF INEQUALITY IN RIO DE JANEIRO KATYA WESOLOWSKI Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2007 © 2007 Katya Wesolowski All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Hard Play: Capoeira and the Politics of Inequality in Rio de Janeiro Katya Wesolowski Capoeira is a game of physical dexterity and cunning that incorporates fight, dance, acrobatics and music. Developed by African slaves in Brazil and once an exclusively male domain, capoeira was viewed as a social threat and severely persecuted through the 19th century. By the mid 20th century capoeira had come to be celebrated as an element of national identity, and today the practice crosses class, ethnic, gender and national boundaries. Among its myriad definitions, capoeira is conceived of as “play”: two participants “play” in a ring, or roda, surrounded by other participants and accompanied by percussive music and singing. Interaction oscillates between playful cooperation and aggressive confrontation as partner-adversaries attempt to outmaneuver each other, claim space, and demonstrate greater corporal expression, intelligence and creativity. A bounded ritual space, the roda is also contiguous with the external world, as is evident in claims that skills learned in the roda carry into everyday life. This ethnographic study, based on two years of fieldwork in Rio de Janeiro and my ongoing involvement as a practitioner, approaches capoeira as embodied play and a social practice that constitutes a particular type of engagement with the world: cultivating intelligent, expressive bodies through training and play, and forging collective identities and fictive kinship ties through group affiliation, practitioners become “capoeiristas,” and in so doing reshape themselves and their relationships to their environment and people within it.
    [Show full text]
  • Afro-Brazilian Diaspora [AFR 315 (#30000); Crosslisted with LAS 310C (#38640) and CL 305D (#33340)] Prof
    AFR 315: Afro-Brazilian Diaspora [AFR 315 (#30000); Crosslisted with LAS 310C (#38640) and CL 305D (#33340)] Prof. Niyi Afolabi FALL 2020 MWF 1-2PM @ WEB Office Hours: MW 11-12 (VIA ZOOM) Email: [email protected] Phone: 512-436-8762 Description*: This course focuses on post-abolition Afro-Brazilian life, history, culture, politics, and literature. It engages a wide range of literary texts, socio-cultural movements, visual arts, and cultural performances, while raising a number of questions that would lead to provocative midterm and final research papers, while simultaneously honing students’ writing skills with a number of response papers that may be expanded into a research paper. Most concepts and issues will be illustrated with multimedia clips or movies to ensure that students gain a richer experience of the Afro-Brazilian diaspora world. Some of the questions the course will grapple with include the following: (i) What explains the continued exclusion of Afro-Brazilians from political power?; (ii) What is the legacy or impact of slavery within this context?; (iii) How is the concept of Africa (re)imagined, distorted, and manipulated in this regard?; (iv)What are the discourses used to justify social inequalities and racial discrimination in Brazil?; (v) How is the “radical” view on discrimination silenced while the “co-opted” perspective is promoted?; (vi) What are the effects of governmental patronage on cultural producers as they negotiate what Carl Degler calls the “mulatto escape hatch” that fits into Gilberto Freyre’s “racial democracy” model; and (vii) What are the limitations of ideology in an era of “globalization” and pragmatism? These among other issues will form the basis of the course which will additionally analyze the social condition that goes beyond the more apparent “culture game”; and must also be seen as a political game towards visibility, participation, gendered equality, and empowerment.
    [Show full text]
  • MOVED to LEARN CAPOEIRA and the ARTS of EMBODIED EMPOWERMENT by Nancy L
    MOVED TO LEARN CAPOEIRA AND THE ARTS OF EMBODIED EMPOWERMENT by Nancy L. Watterson and Michael L. Murray Body Studies, vol. 1, no. 3 (2019): 26-47 ABSTRACT Scholar-practitioners dedicated to advancing the field of of these themes. They integrate critical reflection, ethno- Body Studies do so in the context of pedagogies of interdisci- graphic and contemplative studies revolving around physical plinarity, multiple genres and multiple intelligences. As teach- action and interaction coupled with writing-to-learn models ers, ethnographers, and fellow learners, they are concerned that weave in critical pedagogy around global issues. This with intersectionality, corporeality, first-person and third essay models its message: offering ethnographic descrip- person accounts of lived experiences, culturally responsive tions of workshops used with high school students, un- pedagogies, public and political economies, institutional- dergraduates, and graduate students in higher educational ized power, and the labor of (and discrediting of) particular contexts, as well as with community-based youth programs. human bodies to name but a few themes threading through This essay is a reflection on innovative frameworks for what this transdisciplinary field. In this essay, the authors share a embodied teaching can look like—and also a searching out multidisciplinary curriculum centering on capoeira—the of ways to communicate that understanding. Our aim 500+ year old Afro-Brazilian martial art. The article pro- is to encourage educators in crafting lessons around body ceeds through a review of relevant scholarship on teaching studies so that students take creative action and embody the and learning that spotlights classroom approaches to many wisdom of how change happens.
    [Show full text]
  • Capo As Total Resistance
    This is the accepted version of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Global Society. Published version available from: https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13600826.2017.1417237 Accepted version downloaded from SOAS Research Online: http:// eprints.soas.ac.uk/24996/ Evading biopolitical control: Capoeira as total resistance1 Zoë Marriage, Department of Development Studies, SOAS University of London Bio: Zoë Marriage is Reader in Development Studies at SOAS University of London. Her work has focused on aid and security as experienced on the African continent. More recently she has focused on the Afro-Brazilian art of capoeira and its significance for politics and security. She convenes the MSc Violence, Conflict and Development. Total war Extended definitions of violence have long been theorised as structural violence within peace studies,2 and more recently as objective violence3 and systemic violence;4 Duffield defines ‘total war’ as that which “demands the destruction of an enemy’s environmental life-world.”5 There are variations in these conceptualisations of violence but they share the perspective that violence is patterned, multi-layered and inflicted systematically as part of national and international politics. Violence is supported politically in that 'hegemonic systems' according 1 The author would like to thank three anonymous referees for their comments on this paper. 2 Johan Galtung, Peace and world structure (Copenhagen: Ejlers, 1980). 3 Žižek, S. Violence. Six sideways reflections (London: Profile Books, 2008). 4 David Keen, "A tale of two wars: great expectations, hard times" Conflict, Security and Development, Vol 9, No. 4 (2009), pp. 515-534. 5 Mark Duffield, "Total War as Environmental Terror.
    [Show full text]