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Volume 1: Decision Xxx/3 Teap Task Force Report on Unexpected Emissions of Trichlorofluoromethane (Cfc-11)

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Volume 1: Decision Xxx/3 Teap Task Force Report on Unexpected Emissions of Trichlorofluoromethane (Cfc-11) MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE LAYER REPORT OF THE TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT PANEL SEPTEMBER 2019 VOLUME 1: DECISION XXX/3 TEAP TASK FORCE REPORT ON UNEXPECTED EMISSIONS OF TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (CFC-11) FINAL REPORT Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Report of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel September 2019 VOLUME 1: DECISION XXX/3 TEAP TASK FORCE REPORT ON UNEXPECTED EMISSIONS OF TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (CFC-11) The text of this report is composed in Times New Roman. Co-ordination: Technology and Economic Assessment Panel Composition of the report: Jose Pons, Helen Tope, Helen Walter-Terrinoni Layout and formatting: Helen Tope Date: September 2019 Under certain conditions, printed copies of this report are available from: UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME Ozone Secretariat P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, Kenya This document is also available in portable document format from the UNEP Ozone Secretariat's website: http://ozone.unep.org/science/teap No copyright involved. This publication may be freely copied, abstracted and cited, with acknowledgement of the source of the material. ISBN: 978-9966-076-78-6 TEAP Report, September 2019, Volume 1 iii Decision XXX/3 TEAP Task Force Report on Unexpected Emissions of CFC-11 Disclaimer The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) Co-chairs and members, the Technical Options Committees Co- chairs and members, the TEAP Task Forces Co-chairs and members, and the companies and organisations that employ them do not endorse the performance, worker safety, or environmental acceptability of any of the technical options discussed. Every industrial operation requires consideration of worker safety and proper disposal of contaminants and waste products. Moreover, as work continues - including additional toxicity evaluation - more information on health, environmental and safety effects of alternatives and replacements will become available for use in selecting among the options discussed in this document. UNEP, the TEAP Co-chairs and members, the Technical Options Committees Co-chairs and members, and the TEAP Task Forces Co-chairs and members, in furnishing or distributing this information, do not make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or utility; nor do they assume any liability of any kind whatsoever resulting from the use or reliance upon any information, material, or procedure contained herein, including but not limited to any claims regarding health, safety, environmental effect or fate, efficacy, or performance, made by the source of information. Mention of any company, association, or product in this document is for information purposes only and does not constitute a recommendation of any such company, association, or product, either express or implied by UNEP, the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel Co- chairs or members, the Technical and Economic Options Committee Co-chairs or members, the TEAP Task Forces Co-chairs or members or the companies or organisations that employ them. Acknowledgements The Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, its Technical Options Committees, and the TEAP Task Force Co-chairs and members, acknowledge with thanks the outstanding contributions from all of the individuals and organisations that provide support to Panel, Committees, and TEAP Task Force Co-chairs and members. The opinions expressed are those of the Panel, the Committees and TEAP Task Forces and do not necessarily reflect the reviews of any sponsoring or supporting organisation. iv TEAP Report, September 2019, Volume 1 Decision XXX/3 TEAP Task Force Report on Unexpected Emissions of CFC-11 Foreword The 2019 TEAP Report, September 2019 The 2019 TEAP Report, September 2019, consists of 3 volumes: Volume 1: Decision XXX/3 Task Force Report on Unexpected Emissions of Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), Final Report Volume 2: Evaluation of 2019 Critical Use Nominations for Methyl Bromide, Final Report Volume 3: Decision XXX/5 Task Force Report on Cost and Availability of Low-GWP Technologies/Equipment that Maintain/Enhance Energy Efficiency (Volume 3) The UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP): Bella Maranion, co-chair US Roberto Peixoto BRA Marta Pizano, co-chair COL Ian Porter AUS Ashley Woodcock, co-chair UK Sidi Menad Si-Ahmed ALG Paulo Altoé BRA Rajendra Shende IN Suely Machado Carvalho BRA Helen Tope AUS Adam Chattaway UK Dan Verdonik US Marco Gonzalez CR Helen Walter-Terrinoni US Sergey Kopylov RF Shiqiu Zhang PRC Kei-ichi Ohnishi JP Jianjun Zhang PRC Fabio Polonara IT TEAP Report, September 2019, Volume 1 v Decision XXX/3 TEAP Task Force Report on Unexpected Emissions of CFC-11 REPORT OF THE TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT PANEL, SEPTEMBER 2019: VOLUME 1 DECISION XXX/3 TEAP TASK FORCE REPORT ON UNEXPECTED EMISSIONS OF TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (CFC-11) TABLE OF CONTENTS KEY MESSAGES .................................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 3 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 11 1.1 DECISION XXX/3: UNEXPECTED EMISSIONS OF TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE (CFC-11) .................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 COMPOSITION OF THE TASK FORCE .......................................................................... 12 1.3 VIENNA SYMPOSIUM AND BEIJING WORKSHOP ........................................................ 13 1.4 SUMMARY BACKGROUND ............................................................................................ 14 1.5 RELEVANT FINDINGS FROM THE SCIENCE ASSESSMENT PANEL: 2018 ASSESSMENT AND PRELIMINARY SUMMARY REPORT TO THE MEETING OF THE 41ST OEWG ...... 15 1.6 SUBMISSIONS RECEIVED.............................................................................................. 16 1.7 PRELIMINARY REPORT ............................................................................................... 17 1.8 FINAL REPORT ............................................................................................................. 17 2 PRODUCTION OF CFC-11 AND RELATED CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES 19 2.1 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 19 2.2 MONTREAL PROTOCOL: HISTORY OF GLOBAL CFC-11 PRODUCTION PHASE-OUT 21 2.2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 21 2.3 CFC-11 PRODUCTION DATA AND THEIR APPLICATION ........................................... 25 2.4 EMISSIONS RELATED TO CFC-11 PRODUCTION ....................................................... 28 2.5 CFC-11 PRODUCTION PROCESS ................................................................................. 30 2.5.1 Overview of CFC-11 production processes ..................................................................... 30 2.5.2 Relationship of CFC-11 to CFC-12 production ............................................................. 38 2.6 CAPACITY AND RAW MATERIAL (CTC) AVAILABILITY FOR CFC-11 PRODUCTION SCENARIOS ................................................................................................................... 41 2.6.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 41 2.6.2 Dedicated large-scale production on HCFC-22 plants ............................................. 43 2.6.3 Small-scale production ........................................................................................................... 44 2.6.4 HCFC-22 production and capacity .................................................................................... 49 2.6.5 HFC-32 production and capacity ....................................................................................... 52 2.6.7 Availability of CTC ..................................................................................................................... 52 2.7 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE PRODUCTION ................................................................... 54 2.7.1 Production of CTC from chloromethanes ....................................................................... 55 2.7.2 Production of CTC from PCE/CTC plants........................................................................ 56 2.7.3 CTC imports and exports ........................................................................................................ 56 2.7.4 CTC feedstock uses .................................................................................................................... 57 2.7.5 CTC reported destruction ...................................................................................................... 58 2.7.6 Global CTC availability and capacity to supply CFC-11 production .................. 59 2.8 ILLICIT INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN CFC-11 AND CTC ............................................. 59 2.8.1 Illicit international trade, compliance and enforcement actions ....................... 62 2.9 OTHER POTENTIAL SOURCES OF CFC-11 PRODUCTION .........................................
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