Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan for COVID -19 Outbreak
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AFS 2016-17 [Eng]
ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS of the ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN for the YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2017 Department of Public Accounts Ministry of Finance ii Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................... 1 2. BASIS FOR PREPARATION .............................................................................. 1 3. FISCAL PERFORMANCE .................................................................................. 1 4. RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ............................................................................ 3 5. GOVERNMENT RECEIPTS BY SOURCES .................................................... 4 5.1 DOMESTIC REVENUE ............................................................................... 5 5.2 EXTERNAL GRANTS ................................................................................. 6 5.3 BORROWINGS EXTERNAL BORROWINGS .......................................... 8 5.4 RECOVERY OF LOANS ........................................................................... 10 5.5 OTHER RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS .................................................... 11 6. OPERATIONAL RESULTS .............................................................................. 12 6.1 GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE............................................................. 12 7. BUDGET UTILISATION .................................................................................. 25 7.1 UTILIZATION OF CAPITAL BUDGET................................................... 25 8. ACHIEVEMENT OF FISCAL -
Sjongkhar.Pdf
ʲˁʴɨ#ʲɨˑʡˁɨʴʞȇɨΫˑʡɨʞʟɪ ʼʣȇɨʟʺˇɨʲ=ɨʰɪ ɿɽɽʅɿɽɾʀ ʭʰʿɨ.ʯɨʼđʟɨʟʸʡɨɪ HIS MAJESTY JIGME KHESAR NAMGYEL WANGCHUCK ʲˁʴɨ#ʲɨʡˑ ˁɨʴʞȇɨΫʡˑ ɨʞʟɪ ʼʣȇɨʟʺˇɨʲ=ɨʰɪ ʭ ʝȇɨʣʟɪ Ϋˑʡɨʞʟɨʟȉɨˁɨ>ɪɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨ2 Ϋˑʡɨʞʟɨʟȉɨʟʯˁɨłʭɪɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨʀ ͣʲɨʡˁɪɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨʃ ʟʯˁɨĺʡˁɨʲʟɨʺʲˇ ɪɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨʄ ʟȘɨĎʲˁɨʭʡɨ̥ˁɨwʟˁɪɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨʄ ʟʭȘʡɨʿȎʯɨʭʡɨʭʝʼɨʡʿɪɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨʅ ʭʴʟˇ ˁɨʭʯȘ ɪɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨʆ ʬʲˁɨċˁɪɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɨɾɽ -
State of the Nation
The Fourth Annual Report of the Prime Minister to the Ninth Session of the First Parliament on the State of the Nation INTRODUCTION July 9, 2012 The past year has been an eventful period. It was made brilliant by the joyful and magical Royal Wedding that was not only celebrated by the jubilant Bhutanese people but by an enchanted world. Another happy cause has been the ascendance of Bhutan in the international arena as a sovereign nation. Drukyuel’s contribution to a troubled world and its value to the international community was recognized when the UN General Assembly, in appreciation of our guiding philosophy of GNH, passed a resolution on Wellbeing and Happiness as a universal goal. This was followed by the unprecedented honour given to Bhutan to host a most successful high level meeting at the UN Headquarters. The meeting deliberated on the subject of an alternative development paradigm for human society that concluded with a call on Bhutan to further elaborate the proposal so that it may be tabled for consideration by the UN GA at its 68th session in 2013. This awesome responsibility and opportunity to shape the destiny of human society is now being carried out under the direct guidance of His Majesty the King who will be pleased to appoint an international working group of most eminent thinkers, scientists and scholars. On 28th June, last month, the UN General Assembly was further inspired to declare an International Day of Happiness so that the whole of humanity is united in contemplation of the ultimate meaning and purpose of life on the 20th of March each year. -
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Environmental Monitoring Report Project Number: 37399 July 2008 BHU: Green Power Development Project Prepared by: Royal Government of Bhutan Bhutan For Asian Development Bank This report has been submitted to ADB by the Royal Government of Bhutan and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2005). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. Environmental Assessment Report Summary Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 37399 July 2008 BHU: Green Power Development Project Prepared by the Royal Government of Bhutan for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The summary initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 April 2008) Currency Unit – Ngultrum (Nu) Nu1.00 = $0.025 $1.00 = Nu40.50 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADF – Asian Development Fund BPC – Bhutan Power Corporation CDM – clean development mechanism DGPC – Druk Green Power Corporation DHPC – Dagachhu Hydro Power Corporation DOE – Department of Energy DOF – Department of Forests EIA – environmental impact assessment GDP – gross domestic product EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan IEE – initial environmental examination NEC – National Environment Commission RED – Renewable Energy Division SIEE – summary initial environmental examination TA – technical assistance WLED – white light emitting diode WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km – kilometer kV – kilovolt (1,000 volts) kWh – kilowatt-hour MW – megawatt NOTES (i) The fiscal year of the Government ends on 30 June and the fiscal year of its companies ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars Vice President B.N. -
Budget Report FY 2020-2021 (ENG)
“Under ordinary circumstances, we have always exercised extreme prudence and carefully weighed the costs and benefits of every expenditure, to ensure the most judicious use of our limited resources while constantly keeping the long-term interest of the nation at heart. However, the situation we are in today is extraordinary, and unlike any we have experienced thus far. We are confronted with a dangerous global pandemic of an unprecedented scale posing an imminent threat to our people. Therefore, building the resilience, confidence and security of our people must take greater priority over conserving our resources.” His Majesty the King, Address to the Nation, 10th April 2020 BUDGET FY 2020-21 HIGHLIGHTS ECONOMIC OUTLOOK • The economy is projected to improve from -1.1 to 0.97 percent. • The commissioning of MHP since 2019 has improved the goods and services balance as electricity exports significantly increased. • Current Account Deficit is projected to improve from 14.4 to 11.0 percent of GDP. • With various fiscal and monetary measures, it is expected to boost domestic demand and generate economic activities which will have a positive impact on growth. RESOURCES • COVID-19 pandemic to impact domestic revenue by 14 percent. • Total resources estimated at Nu. 53,822.073 million. • Domestic revenue estimated at Nu. 33,189.392 million. • Grants estimated at Nu. 20,142.848 million, expected to cover 56 percent of capital expenditure. • To ensure that the revenue targets are met, the MHP shall be maintained under profit transfer modality during the FY. EXPENDITURE • Total expenditure estimated at Nu. 69,151.122 million, 7 percent increase from the previous year. -
Contact List of Cable TV Operators
List of Cable TV Operators Sl. License Name of Cable Contact Person and Details Area of Operation Dzongkhag No. No. TV Operator Mrs. Sonam Wangmo Tobgyel Cable Sat Club Contact #: 17111757, 17897373, 1 603000001 Phuentsholing Thromde Chhukha Service 252991/252806F. Email: [email protected] Mrs. Yangchen Lhamo Norling Cable Contact #: 17110826 2 603000002 Thimphu Thromde Thimphu Service Telephone #: 326422 Email: [email protected] Mr. Tshewang Rinzin Dogar Cable 3 603000003 Contact #: 17775555 Dawakha of Dogar Gewog Paro Service Email: [email protected] Mr. Tshering Norbu Contact #: #: 177701770 Phuentsholing Thromde Tshela Cable Email: [email protected] 4 603000004 Phuentsholing Gewog and Chhukha Service Rinchen Wangdi Sampheling Gewog Contact #: 17444333 Email: [email protected] Mr. Basant Gurung Norla Cable 5 603000005 Contact #: 17126588 Samkhar and Surey Sarpang Service Email: [email protected] Wangcha Gewog, Dhopshari Gewog Mr. Tshewang Namgay and Mr. Ugyen Dorji Sigma Cable Doteng Gewog, Lango Gewog, 6 603000006 Contact #: 17110772/77213777 Paro Service Lungnyi Email: [email protected] Gewog, Shaba Gewog, Hungrel Gewog. Sl. License Name of Cable Contact Person and Details Area of Operation Dzongkhag No. No. TV Operator Samtse Gewog, Tashicholing Gewog Mr. Singye Dorji Sangacholing Gewog, Ugyentse 7 603000007 SKD Cable Contact #: 05-365243/05-365490 Gewog Samtse Email: [email protected] Norbugang Gewog, Pemaling Gewog and Namgaycholing Gewog Ms. Sangay Dema SNS Cable 8 603000008 Contact #: 17114439/17906935 Gelephu Thromde Sarpang Service Email: [email protected] Radi Gewog, Samkhar Gewog, Ms. Tshering Dema Tshering Norbu Bikhar 9 603000009 Contact #: 17310099 Trashigang Cable Gewog, Galing Gewog, Bidung Email: [email protected] Gewog, Songhu Gewog Mr. Tandi Dorjee Tang Gewog, Ura Gewog, TD Cable 10 603000010 Contact #: 17637241 Choekor Bumthang Network Email: [email protected] Mea Mr. -
MID TERM REVIEW REPORT (11Th FYP) November, 2016
MID TERM REVIEW REPORT (11th FYP) November, 2016 ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2013-2018) MID TERM REVIEW REPORT GROSS NATIONAL HAPPINESS COMMISSION ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN NOVEMBER 2016 Gross National Happiness Commission Page 1 MID TERM REVIEW REPORT (11th FYP) November, 2016 Gross National Happiness Commission Page 2 MID TERM REVIEW REPORT (11th FYP) November, 2016 Gross National Happiness Commission Page 3 MID TERM REVIEW REPORT (11th FYP) November, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................................... 02 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 05 METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH ......................................................................................... 06 AN OVERVIEW OF ELEVENTH PLAN MID-TERM ACHIEVEMENTS ............................. 06 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 06 STATUS OF THE 11th FYP OBJECTIVE ..................................................................................... 07 ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ...................................................................................................... 09 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS ............................................................................................ 12 PLAN PERFORMANCE: CENTRAL SECTORS, AUTONOMOUS AGENCIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ............................................................................................................. -
CIRCUIT TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PLAN For
CIRCUIT TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PLAN for TRASHIGANG, PEMA GATSHEL, SAMDRUP JONGKHAR (TPS CIRCUIT) Prepared and Submitted by: Pelden Dorji Tourism Consultant Sustainable Bhutan Solutions Thimphu, May, 2013. ! TCB,%Circuit%Tourism%Plan%for%the%TPS%Circuit% % Page%1% ! 1 Executive Summary The Circuit Tourism Development Plan for the Trashigang, Pema Gatshel, and Samdrup Jongkhar circuit (hereafter referred to as TPS circuit) is developed by the Tourism Council of Bhutan in consultation with the respective Dzongkhags and other stakeholders, both public and private. This is an initiative towards decentralizing tourism planning and management at the circuit level, as espoused in the National Tourism Policy, and the Tourism Strategy 2013-2018. The decentralization process is to foster community participation and resource management at the destination level so that tourism can be developed and managed in a sustainable manner. Respective tourism plans for each of these 3 Dzongkhags is deemed redundant given the limited attractions, and the small proportion of visitors in these Dzonkhags. Therefore, in order to enhance the marketability and the brand of the destination, the attractions in the 3 Dzongkhags have been combined to form a circuit. Tourism planning and management will be at the circuit level and will be governed by the Circuit Tourism Committee (CTC), an executive body comprising of public and private member representatives from the 3 Dzongkhags. The Tourism Council of Bhutan will guide the CTC, in implementing the Circuit Tourism Development Plan (CTDP). Although eastern Bhutan receives a small proportion of annual tourism arrivals, a destination appraisal conducted on the TPS circuit confirms its potential to become a competitive destination and attract visitors in the years to come. -
Profile of Samdrup Jongkhar
Fall 08 PROFILE OF SAMDRUP JONGKHAR PreparedPrepared by Linda by Pannozzo Linda Pannozzo, Karen Hayward, Tsering Om, Luke Raftis, Katherine Morales, Dahlia Colman,GPI Atlantic Kathleen Aikens, Alex Doukas, Michael Oddy, and Ronald Colman GPI AtlanticOctober 2011 February 2012 Funded by International Development Research Centre, Canada The Samdrup Jongkhar Initiative Samdrup Jongkhar Dzongkhag is situated in the southeastern part of Bhutan, sharing its western border with Pemagatshel Dzongkhag and northern border with Trashigang Dzongkhag. The Indian states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh are in the south and east respectively. The dzongkhag has eleven gewogs: Martshalla, Pemathang, Phuntsothang, Samrang, Lauri, Serthi, Langchenphu, Gomdar, Wangphu, Orong and Dewathang. The dzongkhag has a population of 35,960 and a total of 7,453 households (2009). It has a total area of 1,878.79 sq. km with elevations ranging from 200 m to 3,600 m above sea level, with the majority of the land ranging from 600 m to 1,200 m. The flattest areas are in the south along the Assam border. A broad leaf subtropical evergreen forest covers roughly 85% of the land area. The soil type varies from sandy to clay loam, the latter which is suitable for agricultural production. Most of the gewogs are prone to landslides and soil erosion due to loose soil and heavy monsoon rains. Settlements tend to be located in the foothills where the soil is most fertile. Climate is subtropical with a maximum temperature of 35 °C dropping to cooler daytime temperatures of 16 °C from October to March, which is the dry season. -
Eleventh Five Year Plan
ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (July 2013-June 2018) TRASHIGANG DZONGKHAG Eleventh Five Year Plan Document © Copyright Gross National Happiness Commission (2013) Published by: Gross National Happiness Commission, Royal Government of Bhutan. ISBN 978-99936-55-01-5 HIS MAJESTY THE KING JIGME KHESAR NAMGYEL WANGCHUCK Our Nation has seen great socio-economic growth but it is more important that we have growth with equity. We must raise, with all our effort, the less fortunate so that they may, at the earliest, begin to partake in the opportunities brought by modernization and progress. The government has provided education to our youth. But for the nation to prosper for all time, a sound education must be succeeded by access to the right jobs and responsibilities, so that our youth may bloom as individuals and at the same time serve their Nation well. The recent Rupee shortage is a serious problem. I feel it is a reminder that, as a Nation, we must exercise our traditional sense of caution and work even harder as we address the challenges of the time. For no matter what challenges lie ahead, it is only the Bhutanese citizen who can protect and safeguard Bhutan. - His Majesty The King’s address to the nation during the 105th National Day celebrations, 1 7th December 2012, in Thimphu. 2. Dzongkhag at a Glance Information Population and Land Bartsham Bidung Kanglung Kangpara Khaling Lumang Merak Phongmey Radhi Sakteng Samkhar Shongphu Thrimshing Udzorong Yangnyer Use Dzongkhag Population Figure (Data Source) 67271 2023 3720 5453 4425 5486 6480 2160 4568 5598 2313 6350 5460 5274 4582 3379 Total number of male 34044 1041 1859 2802 2169 2800 3309 1162 2342 2848 1193 3189 2795 2631 2314 1590 Total number of female 33242 982 1861 2651 2256 2686 3174 1021 2226 2750 1109 3161 2665 2643 2268 1789 Total number of households 8610 468 461 698 481 570 749 280 660 758 386 620 695 588 625 571 Area (sq. -
Annual Report, 2017
Rural Enterprise Development Corporation Limited ANNUAL REPORT, 2017 Contents Brief Profile of REDCL 7 • Dairy farm- Drakpa Wangdi 37 Organization structure 8 • A mother becomes an entrepreneur 38 Governance and board of directors 10 • Dorji’s niche market in Director’s report, 2017 12 the community 40 REDCL: Brief profile 12 • School dropout takes up Revolving fund-II 12 poultry farming 42 Achievements in 2017 14 • REDCL in the highlands 43 Human resources capacity • Commercial vegetable development 15 farming in Bidung 45 Challenges 15 • Milk production crossing boundaries 47 Way forward 16 • Poultry farming gains momentum Financial performance 16 in Tashiyangtse 49 REDCL’s Projects on Ground 20 • Piggery fattening farm in Tsirang 50 • A labour for the love of her child 22 • Out to set an example 52 • ‘Whir and thump’ of handloom 23 • Phub enjoys the monopoly of • Dewaki and her passion for his poultry farm 53 growing Oyster Mushroom 25 • Sonam Dendup- Power Tiller 54 • Dawa Dema and her power tiller 27 • Rinchen’s ginger hits • The only poultry farm in Tseza Zhemgang market 55 gewog in Dagana 28 • Kinley Wangmo- Poultry farming 56 • Essence of a woman fueled • A hobby turns into a business 57 by access to finance 29 • Report on Chukkha 58 • Mass Shitake Mushroom production in Lhuntse 31 Monitoring Report of 8 • Sonam Pelzom’s Kishuthara 33 Gewogs in Paro Dzongkhag 60 • Sherab Choden with Tengma machine 35 REDCL Annual Report, 2017 FOREWORD BY THE CHAIRMAN On behalf of the Rural Enterprise Development Cor- poration Limited (REDCL), I am pleased to present the Annual Report for the year 2017. -
Post-Zhabdrung Era Migration of Kurmedkha Speaking People in Eastern Bhutan *
Post-Zhabdrung Era Migration of Kurmedkha Speaking People in Eastern Bhutan * Tshering Gyeltshen** Abstract Chocha Ngacha dialect, spoken by about 20,000 people, is closely related to Dzongkha and Chökey. It was Lam Nado who named it Kurmedkha. Lhuntse and Mongar dzongkhags have the original settlement areas of Kurmedkha speaking ancestors. Some families of this vernacular group migrated to Trashigang and Trashi Yangtse in the post-Zhabdrung era. The process of family migrations started in the 17th century and ended in the early part of the 20th century. This paper attempts to trace the origins of Kurmedkha speaking population who have settled in these two dzongkhags. Kurmedkha speakers and their population geography Bhutanese administrators and historians used the north- south Pelela mountain ridge as a convenient geographical reference point to divide the country into eastern and western regions. Under this broad division, Ngalop came to be regarded as inhabitants west of Pelela, and those living east of Pelela are known as Sharchop.1 The terms Sharchop and Ngalop naturally evolved out of common usage, mostly among * This paper is an outcome of my field visits to Eastern Bhutan in 2003. ** Senior Lecturer in Environmental Studies, Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan. 1 From the time of the first Zhabdrung until recent years, people of Kheng (Zhemgang), Mangdi (Trongsa), Bumthang, Kurtoe (Lhuntse), Zhongar (Mongar), Trashigang, Trashi Yangtse and Dungsam (Pema Gatshel and Samdrup Jongkhar) who live in east of Pelela were all known as Sharchop, meaning the Easterners or Eastern Bhutanese. However, word has lost its original meaning today. The natives who speak Tshanglakha or Tsengmikha are now called Sharchop.