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Introduction If One Knows Their Mother Tongue and Then ens.wiki: Language (pdf/print friendly) http://www.ens.wiki/printer--friendly//2pdf:language Site: ens.wiki at http://enss.wikidot.com Source page: Language (pdf/print friendly) at http://enss.wikidot.com/2pdf:language Language (pdf/print friendly) Introduction language.pdf This is the pdf/printer friendly version of Language1, a page of the ens.wiki2. The ens.wiki is a free and online affordance-centric3 reference on concepts4 in their context5 which is edited by Jan Goossenaerts6,7. Most links can't be accessed from the pdf version. When online, visit the original Language page1 for a better reading experience. Footnotes 1. http://www.ens.wiki/item:language 2. http://www.ens.wiki/ 3. http://www.ens.wiki/item:affordance-centric-principle 4. http://www.ens.wiki/item:model-element 5. http://www.ens.wiki/item:context-of-the-work 6. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-5936 7. https://twitter.com/collaboratewiki 8. Unfortunately our education system and government language policies and practice are taking the entire Kenya elite on the path of enslavement. What we need is not enslavement; we need empowerment. 9. An empowered Gusii intellectual is an empowered Kenyan and African. That’s how it should be: every Kenyan child should exude the pride of Kenya in our thought and practice. This must begin with a respect for our languages and the people who produced them. 10. We are aware that not all languages are included, especially many with fewer than 100,000 native speakers in Africa, and many other languages outside Africa If one knows their mother tongue and then adds other languages to it, that is empowerment Ngugi wa Thiong'o (Distinguished Kenyan Professor and Novelist) explains (cited at Ekegusii Online dictionary and encyclopedia): One of the roots of our problem in Kenya and Africa; is that we begin our education by alienating a child from the language of their everyday culture, their mother tongue. An education system that is founded on a negative conception of self is seriously flawed. It’s an education that aims at producing educated slaves. If one learns all the languages of the world and does not know their mother tongue, that is enslavement. But if one knows their mother tongue and then adds all the other languages to it, that is empowerment.8 A Gusii child should know and master Gusii language very well; then she or he should add Kiswahili to it, master it as well as EkeGusii. Then add to these two English and master it as well. The result will be an empowered Gusii.9 Keeping in mind the central transformative promise of the #2030Agenda for Sustainable Development — Leaving no one behind- #unsdcf018 — Equal empowerment of all people through respect for all languages must be major drivers of a Platform for sharing digital public goods! Delivering on the promise of #LeavingNoOneBehind to a person becomes harder when that person's mother tongue has fewer native speakers. Yet only when we recognize these barriers (constraints), we can develop the digital skills, attitudes and platforms to overcome them cooperatively: Global Digital Cooperation - #digicoop5a. 1 van 9 4-3-2021 22:59 ens.wiki: Language (pdf/print friendly) http://www.ens.wiki/printer--friendly//2pdf:language The table below lists the languages with the biggest challenges first10. Languages with 100,000 to 500,000 native speakers Abkhazian (190,000) Georgia Anuak (140,000) Ethiopia, South Sudan Aringati (495,000) Uganda Aromanian (250,000) Greece, Albania, Romania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Turkey Asturian (351,000) Spain Breton (210,000) France Bura (250,000) Nigeria Buryat (330,000) Russia, Mongolia, China Chamic (280,000) Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, China ChiNambya (100,000) Zimbabwe, Botswana Cinyungwe (440,000) Mozambique Corsican (125,000) France, Italy Dhopadhola (480,000) Uganda Divehi (340,000) Maldives,India Dongxiang (200,000) China Ecizinza (140,000) Tanzania Enga (230,000) Papua New Guinea Erzya (430,000) Russia Friulan (420,000) Italy Irish (170,000) Ireland Gayo (100,000) Indonesia Gilbertese (120,000) Kiribati Gitonga (380,000) Mozambique Gonja (230,000) Ghana Grebo (390,000) Liberia Lugwere (410,000) Uganda Herero (212,000) Namibia, Botswana, Angola Hiri Motu (120,000) Papua New Guinea Hyam (300,000) Nigeria Icelandic (314,000) Iceland Kumam (270,000) Uganda Ikwerre (200,000) Nigeria Tjikalanga (338,000) Zimbabwe, Botswana Kalanguya (100,000) Philippines Karachay-Balkar (310,000) Russia Kasem (250,000) Ghana, Burkina Faso Kashubian (108,000) Poland Olukhayo (130,000) Kenya Khoekhoegowab (200,000) Namibia Kidawida (370,000) Kenya Karachay-Balkar (160,000) Russia Kumyk (450,000) Russia Sabinyi (181,000) Uganda Rukwangali (152,000) Namibia and Angola Ladino (400,000) Israel, Spain, Turkey, Greece, Morocco, Bulgaria, Serbia, Tunisia Lámnso´ (250,000) Cameroon Lunyole (Kenya) (310,000) Kenya Lunyole (Uganda) (340,000) Uganda Lusamia (480,000) Uganda, Kenya Ma´di (320,000) Uganda, South Sudan Mambilla (Nigeria) (130,000) Nigeria Mampruli (230,000) Ghana Mandar (480,000) Indonesia Mongo (400,000) Congo, Dem. Rep. Mumuye (400,000) Nigeria Navajo (169,000) United Sates, Mexico Ngoni (311,000) Mozambique 2 van 9 4-3-2021 22:59 ens.wiki: Language (pdf/print friendly) http://www.ens.wiki/printer--friendly//2pdf:language Olunyala (357,000) Kenya Nzima (412,000) Ghana, Ivory Coast Obolo (250,000) Nigeria Wanga (404,000) Kenya Herero (211,700) Namibia, Botswana, Angola Otuho (140,000) South Sudan Papiamento (413,000) Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire (Caribbean Netherlands) Runyoro-Rutooro (490,000) Uganda Tetum (390,000) East Timor Tuvinian (280,000) Russia, Mongolia, China Udmurt (340,000) Russia Zapotec (450,000) Mexico Languages with 500,000 to 1 million native and second language speakers Adangme (800,000) Ghana Adyghe (600,000) Russian, Turkey Angika (700,000) India, Nepal Awadhi (800,000) India, Nepal Kabuverdianu (871,000) Cape Verde Cicopi (760,000) Mozambique Echuwabo (970,000) Mozambique Dotyali (790,000) Nepal Eastern Tamang (759,000) Nepal Ebira (990,000) Nigeria Echuwabo (970,000) Mozambique Ewondo (580,000) Cameroon Gurene (720,000) Ghana Hawaiian Pidgin English (600,000) United States Ingush (650,000) Russia, Kazakhstan Kabuverdianu (871,000) Cape Verde Kachin (940,000) India, China Kakwa (750,000) South Sudan Ngakarimojong (691,000) Uganda Lhukonzo (900,000) Ghana, Togo Krio (500,000) Sierra Leone Oshikwanyama (700,000) Namibia, Angola Lhukonzo (610,000) Uganda, Congo Dem. Rep. Lulogoli (620,000) Kenya Lozi (725,000) Zambia, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa Maltese (520,000) Malta, Australia, Canada, Italy, United Kingdom, United States Mari (510,000) Russia Nandi (950,000) Kenya Ndonga (810,000) Namibia, Angola Newari (860,000) Nepal Nias (770,000) Indonesia Nobiin (669,000) Egypt, Sudan Nupe (800,000) Nigeria Nyoro (670,000) Uganda Ossetian (600,000) Russia, Georgia, Turkey Otetela (760,000) Congo, Dem. Rep. Samoan (510,000) Samoa Silte (940,000) Ethiopia Swabian (820,000) Germany Languages with 1 to 5 million native and second language speakers 3 van 9 4-3-2021 22:59 ens.wiki: Language (pdf/print friendly) http://www.ens.wiki/printer--friendly//2pdf:language Acholi (1.5 million) Uganda, South Sudan Afar (2 million) Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia Alur (1.7 million) Congo, Dem. Rep., Uganda Ateso (1.9 million) Kenya, Uganda Avaric (1 million) Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Turkey Aymara (1.7 million) Bolivia, Peru, Chile Balinese (3.3 million) Indonesia Bashkir (1.2 million) Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Estonia Basque (750,000, 1,180,000 passive speakers) Spain, France Beja (1-2.2 million) Sudan, Eritrea, Egypt Bemba (4.1 million) Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania Central Bikol (2.5 million) Philippines Bini (1.6 million) Nigeria Bosnian (3 million) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Albania, Turkey Brahui (4 million) Pakistan Braj (1.6 million) India Buginese (4 million) Indonesia Bukusu (1.4 million) Kenya Catalan (4.1 million) Spain, France, Italy Chechen (1.4 million) Russia ChiNdau (1.4 million) Mozambique, Zimbabwe Chinkhonde (1.4 million) Tanzania, Malawi ChiTonga (1.5 million) Zambia, Zimbabwe Tumbuka (1.5 million) Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia Cisena (1.5 million) Mozambique Yao (3 million) Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania Dagaare (1.1 million) Ghana, Burkina Faso Dagbani (1.2 million) Ghana Dangaura Tharu (1.5 million) Nepal Dholuo (4.2 million) Kenya, Tanzania Dinka (1.3 million) Sudan, South Sudan Zarma (3.6 million) Niger Efik (400,000 native and 2 million L2) Nigeria Gusii (2.2 million) Kenya Malawi Lomwe (2.29 million) Malawi Elomwe (1.85 million) Mozambique Estonian (1.1 million) Estonia Fang (1 million) Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, São Tomé and Príncipe Fante (2.7 million) Ghana Fon (2.2 million) Benin, Nigeria, Togo Galician (2.4 million) Spain, Portugal Georgian (3.7 million) Georgia, Russian, USA, Israel, Ukraine, Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan Gondi (2.98 million) India Gorontalo (1 million) Indonesia Guarani (4.85 million) Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil Hadiyya (1.3 million) Ethiopia Hmong (3.7 million) China, Vietnam, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand Iban (790,000 million, 700,000 L2) Malaysiaa, Indonesia, Brunei Ibibio (2 million) Nigeria Igala (1 million) Nigeria IsiNdebele (1.1 million) Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe Olukabarasi (? million) Kenya Kamba (3.9 million) Kenya, Tanzania Lukenye (3.1 million) Uganda Khasi (1 million) India, Bangladesh Rukiga (1.6 million) Uganda, Rwanda KiGiryama (1.9 million) Kenya, Tanzania Kimbundu (2.1 million) Angola Kîmîîrû (2 million) Kenya Konkani (2.3 million) India Kpelle (1.3 million) Guinea, Liberia 4 van 9 4-3-2021 22:59 ens.wiki: Language (pdf/print friendly) http://www.ens.wiki/printer--friendly//2pdf:language Kurukh (2.3 million) India, Bangladesh Kyrgyz (4.3 million) Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, China, Tajikistan, Russia, Pakistan Leblango (2.1 million) Uganda Latvian (1.75 million) Latvia Lithuanian (3 million) Lithuania Lugbarati (2.4 million) Uganda, Congo, Dem.
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