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1 202 Kira Kalinski The Author Kira Kalinski was born in Hanover. She studied Ecosystem services of urban geosciences with a focus on soil science at Universität Hamburg and graduated with a floodplain soils under changing Master of Science. In her master's thesis, she analyzed soil respiration of savanna sites in climate and water management northern Namibia embedded in the research project “The Future of Okavango”. Afterwards she did her PhD as part of the research project "Sicherstellung der Entwässerung küstennaher, urbaner Räume unter Berücksichtigung des Klimawandels". Within this project, she analyzed ecosystem services of urban floodplain soils under changing climate and water management. Kira's scientific focus is on developing practical solutions to current and future environmental problems. K. Kalinski Band 100 Verein zur Förderung der Bodenkunde Hamburg 100 2021 c/o Institut für Bodenkunde - Universität Hamburg https://www.geo.uni-hamburg.de/de/bodenkunde.html Band ISSN: 0724-6382 Hamburger Bodenkundliche Arbeiten Hamburger Bodenkundliche Arbeiten HBA Ecosystem services of urban floodplain soils under changing climate and water management Dissertation with the aim of achieving the doctoral degree of natural sciences at the Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences submitted by Kira Kalinski Department of Earth Sciences UNIVERSITÄT HAMBURG Hamburg 2021 Tag der Disputation: 08.02.2021 Dissertation angenommen aufgrund der Gutachten von Prof. Dr. Annette Eschenbach Prof. Dr. Kai Jensen Erschienen als: Hamburger Bodenkundliche Arbeiten, Band 100 Herausgeber: Verein zur Förderung der Bodenkunde Hamburg Allende‐Platz 2, D‐20146 Hamburg https://www.geo.uni‐hamburg.de/bodenkunde/ueber‐das‐institut/hba.html Schriftleitung: Dr. Klaus Berger Dedicated to my grandparents! Acknowledgments 5 Acknowledgments This research was funded by the BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung) Germany, as part of the project STUCK (FKZ: 033W031) within the FONA³ (Forschung für Nachhaltigkeit) funding measure ReWaM (Regionales Wasserressourcen‐Management). This study contributed to the Cluster of Excellence CLICSS (Climate, Climatic Change, and Society) and to CEN (Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability) of Universität Hamburg. Special thanks also to the LSBG (Landesbetrieb für Straßen, Brücken und Gewässer) for their project coordination and to the Bezirksamt Eimsbüttel and Bezirksamt Bergedorf for their permission to work within the Kollau and Dove‐Elbe area. I would like to thank my supervisor Annette Eschenbach for her support during my PhD. Working on a doctoral thesis, as a mother of a little child, is only possible if a flexible working time is created ‐ thank you very much for that! The continuous panel meetings were very helpful in completing my doctoral thesis. Many thanks to SICSS (School of Integrated Climate System Sciense) for setting up these meetings and many thanks to Annette Eschenbach, Alexander Gröngröft, Kai Jensen and Felix Ament for their regular participation and helpful comments. Furthermore, I would like to thank Alexander Gröngröft for his help with designing experimental concepts and the data assessment. I would also like to thank Volker Kleinschmidt for his help during the soil surveys and setting up field experiments. Without the support in the lab, no doctoral thesis in soil science is possible, many thanks to Monika Voss, Angelika Meier, Deborah Harms and Sumita Rui for that! Special thanks go to Jana Bräuner for her long time of support. Without her help, some of the field and lab experiments would not have been possible, due to the great amount of time involved. Furthermore, I would like to thank Alexander Grasmik, Jonas Reinhardt, Stefan Assall, Markus Kiedrizyn, Florian Zander, Stephan Baumann and Alexander Schütt for their help with the field‐ and lab work. Thanks Sara, for the helpful language corrections! Miri, Liz, Mathias, Adrian, and Jona have always paid attention to the compliance of lunch breaks, coffee breaks, and after work beer ‐ thank you! Thank you, Olly, for being the way you are! Nothing better could happen to me! My family, especially my parents, supported me a lot during the time of my PhD. Help with childcare, creating time offs, coping with highs and downs, and all the love ‐ thank you very much! I also thank all my roommates from Schomi, Moorweg and Sardinenbüchse and all my friends for all the different kinds of help! Without my second home with Janne and Timo the time in Hamburg would have been only half as nice! Contents 7 Contents Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... 5 Contents ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Figures ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Tables ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Equations .................................................................................................................................. 13 Symbols and abbreviations....................................................................................................... 14 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 15 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................................... 17 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 19 1.1 Urban floodplain soils under transition ..................................................................... 19 1.2 Chapter overview ....................................................................................................... 26 2 Soil related ecosystem services ...................................................................................... 27 2.1 Classifying and valuing ecosystem services – an overview ........................................ 27 2.2 Ecosystem services of floodplain soils ....................................................................... 31 3 Study areas ...................................................................................................................... 33 3.1 Climate in the City of Hamburg .................................................................................. 34 3.2 Study area of Kollau River .......................................................................................... 35 3.3 Study area of Dove‐Elbe River .................................................................................... 37 4 Material and Methods .................................................................................................... 39 4.1 Soil survey and sampling ............................................................................................ 39 4.2 Field Experiments ....................................................................................................... 43 4.3 Laboratory analyses.................................................................................................... 46 4.4 Data correction and calculation ................................................................................. 49 4.5 Statistical analyses ...................................................................................................... 52 5 Anthropogenic influences on floodplain soils ................................................................. 53 5.1 Soil types of both study areas .................................................................................... 53 5.2 Overview of reference soil profiles of both study areas ............................................ 58 5.3 Consequences of anthropogenic influences on floodplain soils ................................ 61 6 Relevance of water retention ponds for the retention of pollutants ............................. 63 6.1 Pollutant retention characteristics in urban floodplain soils ..................................... 63 6.1.1 Pollutant levels in topsoils of floodplains and ponds of the Kollau area ......... 63 8 Contents 6.1.2 Origin of floodplain soil substrate and pollution level..................................... 64 6.1.3 Controlling factors of water retention pond pollution .................................... 65 6.1.4 Total accumulation of pollutants in topsoils of water retention ponds .......... 67 6.2 Discussion ...................................................................................................................70 6.3 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................74 7 Potentials of water retention in urban floodplain soils ..................................................75 7.1 Water retention characteristics of urban floodplain soils ..........................................75 7.1.1 Water balances in floodplain soils of the Kollau area ..................................... 75 7.1.2 Influencing factors on the soil water balance in the Kollau area .................... 81 7.1.3 Sources of water rise during flood events in floodplain soils .......................... 82 7.1.4 Modelling of water storage capacities in bank