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The Cambridge Companion to Age of Constantine.Pdf
The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine offers students a com- prehensive one-volume introduction to this pivotal emperor and his times. Richly illustrated and designed as a readable survey accessible to all audiences, it also achieves a level of scholarly sophistication and a freshness of interpretation that will be welcomed by the experts. The volume is divided into five sections that examine political history, reli- gion, social and economic history, art, and foreign relations during the reign of Constantine, a ruler who gains in importance because he steered the Roman Empire on a course parallel with his own personal develop- ment. Each chapter examines the intimate interplay between emperor and empire and between a powerful personality and his world. Collec- tively, the chapters show how both were mutually affected in ways that shaped the world of late antiquity and even affect our own world today. Noel Lenski is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A specialist in the history of late antiquity, he is the author of numerous articles on military, political, cultural, and social history and the monograph Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century ad. Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S Edited by Noel Lenski University of Colorado Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521818384 c Cambridge University Press 2006 This publication is in copyright. -
81 the 'Marcellus Case' and the Loyalty of Julian
TALANTA XLV (2013), 81 - 96 THE ‘MARCELLUS CASE’ AND THE LOYALTY OF JULIAN: ‘LATENT ARGUMENTS’ AND OTHERNESS IN AMMIANUS’ RES GESTAE María Pilar García Ruiz* This paper explores the traces of ‘latent’ argumentation in the account of Julian’s initial moves in Gaul under the guidance of the magister equitum Marcellus. Consequently it is considered whether or not the Panegyric in Honour of Eusebia, sent to the Court at that time, should be read as part of Julian’s defence against the accusations made by Marcellus in Milan, and if it had any bearing on Constantius’ decision. Finally, the leitmotif of Julian’s loyalty in the Panegyric in Honour of Eusebia and the Res Gestae (pιστός and apparitor fidus) prompts a consideration of key cultural differences in the works of Julian and Ammianus. Ammianus Marcellinus, a soldier of Greek origin, wrote a history of Rome (Res Gestae: RG) in which he endeavoured to be wholly faithful to facts by drawing on authoritative texts (Amm. Marc. 16.1.3: quicquid autem narrabitur, quod non falsitas arguta concinnat, sed fides integra rerum absolvit documentis eviden- tibus fulta, ad laudativam paene materiam pertinebit (“Now whatever I shall tell – and no wordy deceit adorns my tale, but untrammelled faithfulness to fact, based upon clear proofs, composes it – will almost belong to the domain of pan- egyric”)1. However, “the historical truthfulness” of Ammianus’ account is the most common subject of debate among scholars, whose views range from regarding the RG as an ‘accurate document’ to describing it as a ‘complex work of art’, and encompass a broad spectrum of intermediary positions2. -
The Ruin of the Roman Empire
7888888888889 u o u o u o u THE o u Ruin o u OF THE o u Roman o u o u EMPIRE o u o u o u o u jamesj . o’donnell o u o u o u o u o u o u o hjjjjjjjjjjjk This is Ann’s book contents Preface iv Overture 1 part i s theoderic’s world 1. Rome in 500: Looking Backward 47 2. The World That Might Have Been 107 part ii s justinian’s world 3. Being Justinian 177 4. Opportunities Lost 229 5. Wars Worse Than Civil 247 part iii s gregory’s world 6. Learning to Live Again 303 7. Constantinople Deflated: The Debris of Empire 342 8. The Last Consul 364 Epilogue 385 List of Roman Emperors 395 Notes 397 Further Reading 409 Credits and Permissions 411 Index 413 About the Author Other Books by James J. O’ Donnell Credits Cover Copyright About the Publisher preface An American soldier posted in Anbar province during the twilight war over the remains of Saddam’s Mesopotamian kingdom might have been surprised to learn he was defending the westernmost frontiers of the an- cient Persian empire against raiders, smugglers, and worse coming from the eastern reaches of the ancient Roman empire. This painful recycling of history should make him—and us—want to know what unhealable wound, what recurrent pathology, what cause too deep for journalists and politicians to discern draws men and women to their deaths again and again in such a place. The history of Rome, as has often been true in the past, has much to teach us. -
A Medallion of Constantius II Julia Ruff Lawrence University
Lawrence University Lux Lawrence University Honors Projects 2005 A Medallion of Constantius II Julia Ruff Lawrence University Follow this and additional works at: https://lux.lawrence.edu/luhp Part of the Byzantine and Modern Greek Commons © Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Recommended Citation Ruff, Julia, "A Medallion of Constantius II" (2005). Lawrence University Honors Projects. 70. https://lux.lawrence.edu/luhp/70 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by Lux. It has been accepted for inclusion in Lawrence University Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of Lux. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This honors these submitted by Julia Ruff has been read and found acceptable for Honors in Independent Study Randall McNeill, Member of the Examinin~ Committee Je#ld Podair, Member of the Examining Committee Carol Lawton, Thesis Adviser A MEDALLION OF CONSTANTIUS II Julia Ruff TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 1 Introduction 2-3 The Sources 4 Historical Background 4-9 Ammianus Marcellinus 9-12 Reign of Constantius II 13-18 Medallions: Definition 18-19 Medallions: Occasions for Minting 19-22 Medallions: Intended Recipients 23-27 Description of the Medallion 28 Obverse 28-33 Reverse 34-39 Medallions: Production 39-45 The Messages of the Medallion of Constantius 45-50 Conclusions 50-51 Figure 1 52 Figure 2 53 Figure 3 54 Figure 4 55 Figure 5 56 Figure 6 57 Figure 7 58 Figure 8 59 Figure 9 60 Bibliography 61-62 ( 1 ( PREFACE I would like to acknowledge those individuals who have helped to make this work possible. -
The Saracen Defenders of Constantinople in 378 Woods, David Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1996; 37, 3; Proquest Pg
The Saracen defenders of Constantinople in 378 Woods, David Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1996; 37, 3; ProQuest pg. 259 The Saracen Defenders of Constantinople in 378 David Woods RITING ca 391, the historian Ammianus Marcellinus has left us a vivid description of the Roman defense of W Constantinople against the Goths shortly after their crushing defeat by these Goths at Adrianopolis on 9 August 378 (31. 16.4ff): Unde Constantinopolim, copiarum cumulis inhiantes amplis simis, formas quadratorum agmimum insidiarum metu ser vantes, ire ocius festinabant, multa in exitium urbis inclitae molituri. Quos inferentes sese immodice, obicesque portarum paene pulsantes, hoc casu caeleste reppulit numen. Saracen orum cuneus (super quorum origine moribusque diversis in locis rettulimus plura), ad furta magis expeditionalium re rum, quam ad concursatorias habilis pugnas, recens illuc accersitus, congressurus barbarorum globo repente con specto, a civitate fidenter e rup it, diuque extento certamine pertinaci, aequis partes discessere momentis. Sed orientalis turma novo neque ante viso superavit eventu. Ex ea enim crinitus quidam, nudus omnia praeter pubem, subraucum et lugubre strepens, educto pugione, agmini se medio Goth orum inseruit, et interfecti hostis iugulo labra admovit, effusumque cruorem exsuxit. Quo monstroso miraculo bar bari territi, postea non ferocientes ex more, cum agendum appeterent aliquid, sed ambiguis gressibus incedebant. 1 1 "From there [Perinthus] they [the Goths] hastened in rapid march to Con stantinople, greedy for its vast heaps of treasure, marching in square forma tions for fear of ambuscades, and intending to make mighty efforts to destroy the famous city. But while they were madly rushing on and almost knocking at the barriers of the gates, the celestial power checked them by the following event. -
Julian, Plutarch, and the Dangers of Self-Praise Lea Niccolai
Julian, Plutarch, and the Dangers of Self-Praise Lea Niccolai T WAS IN THE INTEREST of Julian as emperor to present his own actions and decisions in the best possible light and to Iseek acceptance of his policies by providing his readers with an idealised image of himself. However, as a rhetorician aware that his audience included men of lofty rank and high literary standards, he also knew of the dangers of explicit self-praise. This paper aims to deepen the enquiry into the issue of Julian’s rhetorical (self)awareness by providing a closer look at his argu- mentative techniques and at the unusual context in which they were employed, given that his addressees were also his subjects. In particular, I will propose that Julian’s political writings show the influence of a model of an unexpected nature, that is, of a source of rhetorical inspiration not stemming from the environ- ment of rhetorical training: Plutarch’s De se ipsum citra invidiam laudando, a short moralistic treatise in which Plutarch, touching on the theme of self-praise with unparalleled sensitivity to the social and political consequences of the practice, offers sugges- tions on how to pursue self-promotion without exposing oneself to charges of arrogance and conceit. Praise (and self-praise) in late antiquity When in his Confessions Augustine praises God for bringing home to him the “misery” associated with court flattery,1 his statement does not represent a sudden disclosure, to unaware readers, of the moral dubiousness of panegyrics, for audiences 1 Conf. 6.6.9: quomodo egisti ut sentirem miseriam meam die illo quo, cum pararem recitare imperatori laudes, quibus plura mentirer et mentienti faveretur ab scientibus. -
Imperial Women and Clerical Exile in Late Antiquity
This is a repository copy of Imperial women and clerical exile in late antiquity. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/144690/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Hillner, J. (2019) Imperial women and clerical exile in late antiquity. Studies in Late Antiquity, 3 (3). pp. 369-412. ISSN 2470-6469 https://doi.org/10.1525/sla.2019.3.3.369 Published as Hillner, Julia, Imperial Women and Clerical Exile in Late Antiquity, Studies in Late Antiquity, Vol. 3 No. 3, Fall 2019; (pp. 369-412). © 2019 by the Regents of the University of California. Copying and permissions notice: Authorization to copy this content beyond fair use (as specified in Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law) for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the Regents of the University of California for libraries and other users, provided that they are registered with and pay the specified fee via Rightslink® or directly with the Copyright Clearance Center. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. -
NPNF2-02. Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories by Socrates Scholasticus About NPNF2-02
NPNF2-02. Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories by Socrates Scholasticus About NPNF2-02. Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories by Socrates Scholasticus Title: NPNF2-02. Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf202.html Author(s): Socrates Scholasticus Schaff, Philip (1819-1893) (Editor) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Print Basis: New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886 Source: Logos Inc. Rights: Public Domain Status: This volume has been carefully proofread and corrected. CCEL Subjects: All; Proofed; Early Church; LC Call no: BR60 LC Subjects: Christianity Early Christian Literature. Fathers of the Church, etc. NPNF2-02. Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories Socrates Scholasticus Table of Contents About This Book. p. ii Title Page.. p. 1 The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus.. p. 2 Title Page.. p. 2 Prefatory Note.. p. 2 Introduction.. p. 3 Sources and Literature.. p. 3 Life of Socrates.. p. 4 Socrates© Ecclesiastical History.. p. 9 History of Socrates© Work.. p. 14 Book I. p. 16 Introduction to the Work.. p. 16 By what Means the Emperor Constantine became a Christian.. p. 17 While Constantine favors the Christians, Licinius, his Colleague, persecutes them.. p. 19 War arises between Constantine and Licinius on Account of the Christians.. p. 19 The Dispute of Arius with Alexander, his Bishop.. p. 20 Division begins in the Church from this Controversy; and Alexander Bishop of Alexandria excommunicates Arius and his Adherents.. p. 20 The Emperor Constantine being grieved at the Disturbance of the Churches, sends Hosius the Spaniard to Alexandria, exhorting the Bishop and Arius to Reconciliation and Unity. -
The Experiences and Education of the Emperor Julian and How It
COMPANION TO THE GODS, FRIEND TO THE EMPIRE: THE EXPERIENCES AND EDUCATION OF THE EMPEROR JULIAN AND HOW IT INFLUE NCED HIS REIGN Marshall Lilly Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2014 APPROVED: Christopher Fuhrmann, Major Professor Laura Stern, Committee Member Robert Citino, Committee Member Richard McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Lilly, Marshall. Companion to the Gods, Friend to the Empire: The Experiences and Education of the Emperor Julian and How It Influenced His Reign 361-363 A.D. Master of Arts (History), August 2014, 108 pp., bibliography, 114 titles. This thesis explores the life and reign of Julian the Apostate the man who ruled over the Roman Empire from A.D. 361-363. The study of Julian the Apostate’s reign has historically been eclipsed due to his clash with Christianity. After the murder of his family in 337 by his Christian cousin Constantius, Julian was sent into exile. These emotional experiences would impact his view of the Christian religion for the remainder of his life. Julian did have conflict with the Christians but his main goal in the end was the revival of ancient paganism and the restoration of the Empire back to her glory. The purpose of this study is to trace the education and experiences that Julian had undergone and the effects they it had on his reign. Julian was able to have both a Christian and pagan education that would have a lifelong influence on his reign. -
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: Volume II by Edward Gibbon
HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE By Edward Gibbon VOLUME II This is volume two of the six volumes of Edward Gibbon's History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire. I will be scanning and putting out on the net the remaining five volumes as I find time to do this. So have patience. If you find any errors please feel free to notify me of them. I want to make this the best etext edition possible for both scholars and the general public. [email protected] and [email protected] are my email addresses for now. Please feel free to send me your comments and I hope you enjoy this. David Reed History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire Edward Gibbon, Esq. With notes by the Rev. H. H. Milman Vol. 2 1782 (Written), 1845 (Revised) Chapter XVI: Conduct Towards The Christians, From Nero To Constantine. Part I. Note: The sixteenth chapter I cannot help considering as a very ingenious and specious, but very disgraceful extenuation of the cruelties perpetrated by the Roman magistrates against the Christians. It is written in the most contemptibly factious spirit of prejudice against the sufferers; it is unworthy of a philosopher and of humanity. Let the narrative of Cyprian's death be examined. He had to relate the murder of an innocent man of advanced age, and in a station deemed venerable by a considerable body of the provincials of Africa, put to death because he refused to sacrifice to Jupiter. Instead of pointing the indignation of posterity against such an atrocious act of tyranny, he dwells, with visible art, on the small circumstances of decorum and politeness which attended this murder, and which he relates with as much parade as if they were the most important particulars of the event. -
The Lover of Mankind
THE LOVER OF MANKIND By DEMETRIOS J. CONSTANTELOS YZANTINE THEOLOGY was historical] theology, and as such it is of contemporary significance. In its long process of ~ development and crystallization, religious thought in the medieval greek world became pregnant with the wisdom of the past and the solutions to the problems of the present and the future. Its study call engrave or draw a highway for the future of christianity and the ecumenical movement in particular. In the present article we are concerned with a most profound con- cept of byzantine theology, the meaning and implications of the term Theos Philanthropos, and philanthropia as a property of God. Early christian theology seldom used either the noun philanthropia as a property of the Almighty or the adjective philanthropos as God's attribute. Primarily, after the first quarter of the third century, christianity, in its efforts to adapt itself in the graeco-roman world and to make itself meaningful and attractive to future converts, appropriated terms and ideas already meaningful to the cultural and intellectual environment. Thus, while agape dominates in early christian literature as the new commandment, after the epoch of Clement and Origen of Alexandria christian thought became im- pregnated with the greek words philanthropia and philanthropos. 1 Clement of Alexandria was one of the most significant theologians who borrowed the term philanthropia in order to speak to pagans about God's love for man manifested through the incarnation of the Logos. Both God the Father and God the Logos are described as friends and lovers of man. Christ is the lover of man as both God and as man himself. -
The Classical Quarterly the Advocacy of an Empress: Julian and Eusebia
The Classical Quarterly http://journals.cambridge.org/CAQ Additional services for The Classical Quarterly: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here The Advocacy of an empress: Julian and Eusebia Shaun Tougher The Classical Quarterly / Volume 48 / Issue 02 / December 1998, pp 595 - 599 DOI: 10.1093/cq/48.2.595 , Published online: 11 February 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009838800039471 How to cite this article: Shaun Tougher (1998). The Advocacy of an empress: Julian and Eusebia. The Classical Quarterly, 48, pp 595-599 doi:10.1093/cq/48.2.595 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAQ, IP address: 131.251.254.13 on 21 Feb 2014 SHORTER NOTES 595 combination of the noun cunctator with such an adjective in the positive. At 16.2.11 he uses the phrase providus et cunctator, while in 27.10.10 the words cunctator et tutus occur.14 The TLL's article on cunctator provides no further instance of such a collocation of this noun with an adjective. Ammianus' distinctive predilection for precisely such juxtapositions would seem to undermine the case for thinking that only Pliny's quite different comparative participle could have inspired him to link the noun cunctator with cautus. That such an assumption is in fact unnecessary can be shown by documenting the occurrence of exactly the same combination in other classical texts. In an impressive instance of anaphoric isocolon, Livy had written (22.12.12): 'pro cunctatore segnem, pro cauto timidum . .. conpellabat'.