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Module 1: Arts and Crafts of Mindanao
Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula 7 Zest for Progress Zeal of Partnership ARTS Quarter 3 - Module 1: Arts and Crafts of Mindanao Name of Learner: ___________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________________ Name of School: ___________________________ WHAT I NEED TO KNOW In this module, you will be learning the different arts and crafts of Mindanao – the salient features of arts of Mindanao by showing the relationship of the elements of arts and processes among the diverse cultural communities in the country. Thus, you will also learn how lines, shapes, forms, value, color, texture and space give more meaning and significance to an artwork. This module will help you explore the arts of people of Mindanao and how animism and the Islamic religion fused together and produced a uniquely Filipino artistic tradition. The arts and crafts of Mindanao include their cultural attire, textiles, tapestries, crafts, accessories and body ornaments which are a combination of designs from indigenous people that resides in the regions and the colorful and rich influence from their indigenous belief system. Most of their crafts are made of materials that are abundant in their areas. Their designs are derived from their surroundings and represent their cultural community. Some are used for religious activities while some have utilitarian functions and even became large industry for them. Even until now, the skills in weaving, sculpting and crafting have been an important part of their community. Thus, these become the people’s way of living and their means of survival. These are passed on from generation to generation. -
Re-Assessing the 'Balangay' Boat Discoveries
A National Cultural Treasure Revisited – Re-assessing the ‘Balangay’ Boat Discoveries Roderick Stead1 and Dr. E Dizon2 Abstract The discovery of the balangay boats in the Butuan area of Northern Mindanao was arguably the most important find in pre-colonial maritime archaeology throughout island South East Asia. This class of vessel was well known from the accounts of early Spanish visitors to the Philippines, such as the Pigafetta journal of Magellan‟s voyage, but no extent examples had been located until the 1970s. As a by-product of an organised excavation of a settlement at the mouth of the Agusan River, a wave of illegal pot-hunting began in the Butuan area. As these ships had no commercial value they were reported to the National Museum. A total of 11 vessels were reported as discovered between 1976 and 1998, under some 2 metres of silt. In recent years a replica of a balangay boat has been built in the Philippines and it carried out a number of trial voyages in South East Asia. This replica is due to be put on show for the public in Manila. The first vessel discovered was conserved and is exhibited on site. A second ship was excavated and is on display in Manila in a partially reconstructed form. A third vessel and portions of a fourth have been excavated and are stored in pieces on site. The National Museum is planning to reopen the site in order to record in detail the remaining ships, to trace the stylistic developments of these vessels, and to test the dating evidence. -
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https://doi.org/10.47548/ijistra.2020.23 Vol. 1, No. 1, (October, 2020) Penguasaan maritim dan aktiviti perdagangan antarabangsa kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu Maritime control and international trade activities of Malay kingdoms Ahmad Jelani Halimi (PhD) ABSTRAK Kapal dan pelaut Melayu merupakan antara yang terbaik dalam kegiatan KATA KUNCI maritim tradisional dunia. Ia telah wujud lebih lama daripada mereka yang perahu, pelaut, lebih dipopularkan dalam bidang ini – Phoenicians, Greek, Rom, Arab dan perdagangan, juga Vikings. Ketika masyarakat benua sibuk mencipta pelbagai kenderaan di maritim, darat dengan penciptaan roda, masyarakat Melayu sudah boleh Nusantara menyeberang laut dengan perahu-perahu mereka. Sejak air laut meningkat kesan daripada pencairan ais di kutub dan glesiar di benua, sekitar 10,000- 6,000 tahun yang lampau, orang Melayu telah mula memikirkan alat pengangkutan mereka lantaran mereka telah terkepung di pulau-pulau akibat kenaikan paras laut dan tenggelamnya Benua Sunda. Justeru terciptalah pelbagai jenis perahu dan alat pengangkutan air yang dapat membantu pergerakan mereka. Sejak zaman itu, orang Melayu telah mampu menguasai laut sekitarnya. Ketika orang-orang Phoenician dan Mesir baru pandai berbahtera di pesisir laut tertutup Mediterranean dan Sungai Nil, orang Melayu telah melayari samudra luas; Teluk Benggala, Lautan Hindi dan Lautan Pasifik. Sekitar abad ke-2SM perahu-perahu Melayu yang besar-besar telah berlabuh di pantai timur India dan tenggara China, sementara masyarakat bertamadun tinggi lain baru sahaja pandai mencipta perahu-perahu sungai dan pesisir. Pada mulanya perahu-perahu Melayu hanya digunakan untuk memberi perkhidmatan pengangkutan hinggalah masuk abad ke-4 apabila komoditi tempatan Nusantara mula mendapat permintaan di peringkat perdagangan antarabangsa. Pelbagai jenis rempah ratus, hasil hutan dan logam diangkut oleh perahu-perahu itu untuk menyertai perdagangan dunia yang sedang berkembang. -
Kajian Terhadap Gambaran Jenis Senjata Orang Melayu Dalam Manuskrip Tuhfat Al-Nafis
BAB 1 PENGENALAN ______________________________________________________________________ 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah Kajian 1.1.1 Peperangan Dunia seringkali diancam dengan pergaduhan dan peperangan, sama ada peperangan antarabangsa, negara, agama, etnik, suku kaum, bahkan wujud juga peperangan yang berlaku antara anak-beranak dan kaum keluarga. Perang yang di maksudkan adalah satu pertempuran ataupun dalam erti kata lain merupakan perjuangan (jihad). Kenyataan ini turut di perakui oleh Sun Tzu dalam karyanya yang menyatakan bahawa peperangan itu adalah urusan negara yang penting untuk menentukan kelangsungan hidup atau kemusnahan sesebuah negara, maka setiap jenis peperangan itu perlu diselidiki terlebih dahulu matlamatnya.1 Di samping itu, perang juga sering dianggap oleh sekalian manusia bahawa ia merupakan satu perbalahan yang melibatkan penggunaan senjata sehingga mampu mengancam nyawa antara sesama umat manusia.2 Ini menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan senjata merupakan elemen penting dalam sebuah peperangan. Perang merupakan salah satu daripada kegiatan manusia kerana ia meliputi pelbagai sudut kehidupan. Peredaran zaman serta berkembangnya sesebuah tamadun telah menuntut seluruh daya upaya manusia untuk berjuang mempertahankan negara terutamanya dalam peperangan. Ini kerana pada masa kini perang merupakan satu 1 Saputra, Lyndon, (2002), Sun Tzu the Art of Warfare, Batam : Lucky Publisher, hlmn 8 2 Kamus Dewan Bahasa (Edisi Keempat), (2007), Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka , hlmn 1178 masalah yang sangat besar, rumit dalam sebuah -
1 Introduction in January 1992, Jeremy Green
Introduction In January 1992, Jeremy Green (Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Austral- ian Maritime Museum, Fremantle) and Paul Clark (Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Science, Darwin) were awarded an ARC grant for a project entitled The maritime archaeological, historical and ethnographic investigation of maritime technology in the pre-modern period, particular reference to Asian built ships. The project, included Pro- fessor Ken McPherson (Indian Ocean Centre For Peace Studies), Dr Robert Parthesius (Nederland bouwt VOC Retourschip Stichting, Lelystad, Netherlands) and Dr Peter Burns (Department of History, University of Adelaide) as associate investigators. The project employed two part-time research assistants: Tom Vosmer and Karen Millar. A series of field projects have now been undertaken and this report describes the progress of the work, the aims and achievements and the proposals for the future. THE PROJECTS 1 Philippines Achievements: One three week field project (Vosmer, Clark and Green) investigating shipbuilding centres in the Sulu area and documenting the remaining two Butuan Boats in Mindoro. In addition, a report on the Butuan Two boat was completed (forthcoming International Journal of Nautical Archaeology) and an interim report on the 1992 field project has been published. Objectives: to complete the publication of the two remaining Butuan Boats—1994 and possibly collaborate with the National Museum on a future excavation of another Butuan Boat site. 2 Maldives Achievements: One ten day field project (Millar, Green, Vosmer) documenting boat building in Malé and Alifushi. Publication of interim report by Millar (Bulletin Australian Institute of Maritime Archaeology, 17.1: 9–16). Objectives: complete full report on shipbuilding techniques with a comparison of Indonesian parallels in conjunction with Birningham (1994) and possibly an additional field season in 1994 looking at shipbuilding in the southern atols. -