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Aguhon: a Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal 1 Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal About the Journal A. Objective of the Academic Journal In accordance to the mission and vision of the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies (AIMS) to become the “Home of Maritime, Engineering, and Heritage Knowledge Exchange” in the country, (AIMS) Museo Maritimo established Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal. This academic journal serves as a research platform for maritime history and heritage related topics and issues. The academic journal intends to promote a culture of inquiry on maritime related topics in order to further discover and understand the Philippines as a maritime nation. As a research platform primarily for maritime related topics, the academic journal seeks to publish articles across the whole range of topics and issues concerning maritime related subjects, but with a particular focus on the following subject strands: Maritime History and Heritage Maritime Industry Maritime Laws and Seafarers' Rights Naval Architecture and Engineering B. Background of the Academic Journal Aguhon is a Tagalog translation of a compass. Since the locus of (AIMS) Museo Maritimo is maritime heritage and history, the adoption of a compass to signify the academic journal complements the identity and story of the museum. A 1 Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal compass is a necessary instrument for navigation. It guided sailors through centuries. In conjunction to the purpose of a compass, Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal also intends to support and navigate maritime related studies in the Philippines. 2 Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal Organizational Structure The organizational structure of Aguhon is based from the traditional organizational structure of the already established academic journals around the world. However, since the editorial board of Aguhon lacks the necessary background to peer review the submitted articles, the task of the editorial board is limited to copy-editing and proofreading. Aside from copy-editing and proofreading, the editorial board are also in charge in managing and facilitating the entire operations of the academic journal. A. Editorial Board Structure Editor: Mr. Daryl Lorence P. Abarca Layout Artist: Mr. Kingsley Franco 3 Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal A Letter from the Editors Dear Reader, It is with great pride and honour that we present the first volume of Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal. There are a lot of approaches in understanding the Philippines as a nation. Some scholars framed their understanding based on the dialectical progression of class struggle while others within the teachings of the church. However, there are no consensus regarding the rightful interpretation. In our case, given that the locus of Museo Maritimo is the maritime legacy of the Philippines, the content of Aguhon revolves around the Philippines as a maritime nation. It covers articles regarding the maritime history and heritage of the Philippines particularly in the early Philippine history prior the Spanish arrival. The whole editorial team of would like to express our deepest gratitude and regards for sharing with us your time in appreciating the rich maritime legacy of the Philippines. We will treasure your perseverance and commitment in reading the first volume of Aguhon. For the team, it is the highest form of appreciation and recognition. We would also like to send our gratitude to our authors who painstakingly study their respective themes and topics. Their efforts and struggles enabled us to finalize the first volume and fill it with rich and different themes. Above all, we will forever be indebted to them for joining us in our endeavor of providing 4 Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal an interdisciplinary platform for the exchange and dissemination of maritime history and heritage research and thereby spreading the wonders of the Philippine maritime past. Without their cooperation and commitment, the entire first volume of Aguhon will not be possible. Lastly, none of this will be possible without the support of our President and Executive Director Dr. Arlene Abuid-Paderanga and Mr. Ronel M. Gillesania. We would also like to express our gratitude to Mr. Jasper Christian L. Gambito for his efforts in writing the articles during his tenure as the museum curator. The direction and diligence they provided were crucial in the redesign and production of the journal. In summary, we would like to express our gratitude for the support of our authors, the Office of the President and the AIMS community. On behalf of the entire editorial team, we would like to thank you for joining us in our endeavor of spreading and experiencing the vast wonders and richness of the Philippine maritime history and heritage. We hope that you will enjoy the wonderful work of Museo Maritimo. Sincerely, Museo Maritimo Editorial Team 5 Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal Copyright and ISSN Aguhon supports the Open Access Movement. The copyright of the articles published in the journal remain to its respective authors. The authors may republish their article upon the condition that Aguhon is acknowledged as the original publisher. On the other hand, those who intend to copy and redistribute the articles published in Aguhon in any medium or format are free under the condition that they cite the journal article or give the appropriate credit to the author. However, the articles in the journal are not eligible for commercial purposes. All the research articles published in Aguhon are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution - Commercial 4.0 International License. Aguhon is also license with an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 0000-0000. Date of Publication Aguhon is the official academic journal of the Museo Maritimo of the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies (AIMS). It publishes issues annually particularly in the month of September. 6 Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal Contents Commentary of Madam Gina Barte-Araneta for the newly opened AIMS Museo Maritimo ........................ 8 Of Philippine Boats and Other Southeast Asian Vessels: Commonalities and Relations ............................................... 12 Pangpang at Ilug: Ang Saysay ng Bangka sa Pre-16th Dantaon na Lipunang Kapampangan .................. 22 Piratas y Salvajes: Ang Moro at mga gawaing pamimirata (1565-1898) ................................. 67 Manunggul Jar: Its Origin and Story .................................... 133 7 Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal Commentary of Madam Gina Barte-Araneta for the newly opened AIMS Museo Maritimo new museum in Pasay City seeks to retell the Philippines’ rich maritime history and how it has A shaped the country through the centuries. Located on the sixth floor of the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies building on Roxas Boulevard, Museo Maritimo claims to be the first to offer a comprehensive chronicle of the Filipino’s life at sea—starting with a man believed to be from Cebu who may have been the first to circumnavigate the globe ahead of any Westerner. Antonio Araneta, a scholar who led the research, said the project was long overdue considering that the Philippines provides a significant number of seafarers for today’s global shipping industry. “Some 1.3 million overseas Filipino workers are seafarers, and our history is basically determined by maritime events. We thought that if we are going to understand history better, we have to understand how maritime trade brought about the country that we call the Philippines,” Araneta told reporters at the recent soft launch. A pair of doors with round windows—like those on ships— leads visitors to Museo Maritimo which took nine months to build and will formally open to the public in August. Inside, around a floor area that could fit two basketball courts, the walls are painted ocean blue. 8 Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal A statue of a Franciscan priest, known only in history as Odorico, welcomes visitors with outstretched hands. He celebrated the first Holy Mass in the country in Bolinao, Pangasinan, in 1324, together with Chinese traders and Italian missionaries, contrary to popular knowledge that the first Mass was held in Limasawa (now part of Southern Leyte) in 1521, Araneta said. Also on display are detailed models of Spanish galleons that plied the Manila-Acapulco trade route, along with reproductions of navigation maps that cover the Philippines from that era. Another section shows ancient ship artifacts like binoculars, beacons and sextants. Titanic Souvenir Though it departs from the theme of the museum, one item is sure to grab history buffs: An original menu from the legendary RMS Titanic, the proud luxury liner that sank on its maiden voyage in 1912. Araneta said the item was on loan from his personal collection. A similar memento detailing the last meal served on the ill- fated ship fetched more than $118,000 or about P5 million during an auction in the United Kingdom on April 1 this year. But the museum trains its main spotlight on a local hero, a man called Enrique de Malacca, who entered history books as the companion of Ferdinand Magellan when he made the voyage to the Philippines in search of the Spice Islands in 1521. A statue of Enrique based on descriptions given by Magellan’s chronicler Antonio Pigafetta stands amid panels piecing 9 Aguhon: A Philippine Maritime History and Heritage Journal together his story as the man who may have been the first to circumnavigate the world. Araneta said that based on research, Enrique was originally a native of Cebu who was captured by the Moros and later sold as a slave in Malacca (now a city in Malaysia). When Magellan invaded Malacca almost a decade before reaching the islands that would become known as the Philippines, he took Enrique with him to Europe. ‘Language Geiger counter’ “In his quest to find another route to the coveted Spice Islands, Magellan brought Enrique to serve as his ‘language Geiger counter,’ a linguist, to find his way back to the islands,” Araneta said.
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