Nutrition DABC 721 Test #______September 18, 2008 NAME______
Write your name and test# on the answer sheet. The exam contains 15 multiple choice items (worth two points each) and 11 essay/short answer questions. (The total points for the essay/short answer section is 45 pts.) Read each question carefully before answering. Choose the best choice from each multiple choice question. Good luck!
1. Consider the following two statements: Statement 1: A complete protein food contains all required vitamins required by the body. Statement 2: Most animal proteins are complete protein foods.
A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false. D. Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true.
2. Insulin shock is 1. an extreme case of hyperglycemia. 2. an extreme case of hypoglycemia. 3. induced by extreme acidosis.
A. Only 1 B. Only 2. C. 1 and 3 D. 2 and 3
3. In proposing the “Cold” Diet, the author says that a person will require more energy to warm the body when consuming a cold dessert than the usable energy obtained from the dessert. The problem with this scenario is that:
A. The calories calculated to raise the temperature of the body back to normal were food calories, and the calories calculated from the dessert were scientific calories. B. The calories calculated to raise the temperature of the body back to normal were scientific calories, and the calories calculated from the dessert were food calories. C. The calculation of the calories needed to raise the temperature of the body back to normal was incorrect. D. The calculation of the calories in the dessert was incorrect. E. The calculations should have used temperature in degrees Kelvin and not degrees centigrade.
4. Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is necessary for
A. proper crystallization of enamel. B. proper crystallization of enamel C. proper synthesis of proline in dentin. D. proper synthesis of collagen in dentin. E. transamination reactions in dentin formation.
2 5. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. A woman is more efficient at absorbing vitamins and minerals when pregnant (as compared to not being pregnant). 2. The water lost (excretion, perspiration, water vapor) by a human is more than the water (liquids and in foods) consumed. 3. A lactating mother consumes more daily calories than her daily caloric consumption in any period of pregnancy.
A. Only 1 B. 1 and 2 C. 1 and 3 D. 2 and 3 E. 1, 2 and 3
6. Snack A contains 10 grams of protein and 20 grams of fat. Snack B contains 25 grams of carbohydrate and 15 grams of fat. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Snack A contains 15 more food calories than Snack B. B. Snack A contains 25 more food calories than Snack B. C. Snack B contains 15 more food calories than Snack A. D. Snack B contains 25 more food calories than Snack A. E. Snack B contains 15 more scientific calories than Snack A.
7. Consider the following two statements: Statement 1: There is a higher-than-normal incidence of diabetes in American Indians. Statement 1: People who have Type I (Juvenile) diabetes do not produce insulin in their bodies.
A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false. D. Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true.
8. Specific Dynamic Action (SDA) is (1) . In a case where an individual consumes 100 grams of pure protein the SDA is (2) .
A. (1) the energy lost in food consumption; (2) 30 food calories B. (1) the energy lost in food consumption; (2) 60 food calories C. (1) the energy lost in food consumption; (2) 120 food calories D. (1) the usable energy retained in food consumption; (2) 70 food calories E. (1) the usable energy retained in food consumption; (2) 280 food calories
9. Hyperplastic obesity is a condition where a person has (1) . In this type of obesity a (2) child becomes a fat adult.
A. (1) a large number of fat cells; (2) fat B. (1) a large number of fat cells; (2) thin or normal C. (1) a large amount of fat in fat cells; (2) fat D. (1) a large amount of fat in fat cells; (2) thin or normal
3 10. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Vegetable fats generally are less dense than animal fats. 2. Vegetable fats are usually saturated. 3. Animal fats are usually unsaturated.
A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. 1 and 3 D. 2 and 3 E. 1, 2 and 3
11. Gluconeogenesis in an uncontrolled diabetic (1) since (2) .
A. (1) decreases; (2) the blood glucose level is already high B. (1) decreases; (2) the body is getting its energy from fat C. (1) increases; (2) the body needs to reduce the concentration of amino acids in the body D. (1) increases; (2) the body thinks it is glucose-starved
12. Which of the following is/are true? 1. Sucralose has four Cl groups in its structure. 2. Neotame (per gram) is sweeter than Aspartame. 3. Acesulfame K is the principal sweetener used in diet soft drinks.
A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. 1 and 2 D. 1 and 3 E. 1, 2 and 3
13. Why is control of salt consumption an alternative in lowering hypertension?
A. Increasing salt in the diet decreases water retention in the body. B. Increasing salt in the diet leads to less pressure on the heart to pump blood C. Decreasing salt in the diet decreases water retention in the body D. Decreasing salt in the diet decreases kidney function in the body
14. Consider the following two statements: Statement 1: Ingested sorbitol and xylitol are only partially absorbed in the body . Statement 2: When completely oxidized, a six-membered sugar alcohol has less energy than glucose.
A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false. D. Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true.
4 15. The main reason that US per capita consumption of sucrose has decreased in the past 35 years is because
A. an increased number of different artificial sweeteners are on the market. B. more people are dieting now than in the past. C. people who are dieting now are losing more weight than people in the past. D. manufacturers are increasing their content of artificial sweeteners in their products. E. manufacturers are substituting high fructose corn syrup for sucrose.
Essay/Short Answer Section
16. What is the difference between nutrition and diet? (2 pts)
17. Defend or refute the following: Vitamins will provide the energy to enhance a human’s strength and endurance. (3 pts)
18. If a person wants to maintain his/her present weight, explain the factors that should be considered in his/her total intake of calories. (3 pts)
19. Explain why a normal infant consumes more calories per pound than a normal adult. (4 pts)
5 20. Explain why a person at age 65 will likely gain weight if he/she consumes the same amount of calories than when he/she was 35 (assuming the same amount of exercise). (3 pts)
21. What are atherosclerotic plaques? Explain how they occur. (4 pts)
22. Discuss what steps you would take in treating a patient who had a myocardial infarction six months ago? (8 pts)
23. Explain why polyuria and polydipsia are classical symptoms of diabetes. (5 pts)
6 24. What are the advantages of doing a glycosylated hemoglobin test for Hb AIC compared to doing a glucose tolerance test? (5 pts)
25. Explain why consumption of sucrose is more cariogenic than a similar weight consumption of glucose. (4 pts)
26. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using saccharin over aspartame? (4 pts)