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Page 1 1 T H E M I D D L E a N D N E W K I N G D O M S ANCIENT 10/25/2016 1 THE MIDDLE AND NEW KINGDOMS ANCIENT EGYPT 2 THE MIDDLE KINGDOM Wealth and power of pharaohs declined at the end of Old Kingdom By about 2200 BC the Old Kingdom had fallen Egypt was in chaos- economically, agriculturally, and with no set ruler In 2050 BC Pharaoh Mentuhotep II defeated his rivals and united Egypt once again Mentuhotep’s rule began the Middle Kingdom A period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC. 3 THE MIDDLE KINGDOM The Middle Kingdom also experienced internal disorder. In the mid-1700s BC the Hyksos invaded and conquered Lower Egypt They used horses, chariots, and other advanced weapons. The Hyksos ruled Lower Egypt for 200 years. In the mid-1500s BC, Ahmose of Thebes led the Egyptians taking back control. Once the Hyksos were gone, Ahmose declared himself king of all of Egypt. 4 THE NEW KINGDOM Ahmose’s rise to power marked Egypt’s 18th Dynasty (a series of rulers from the same family) This also brought about the New Kingdom The period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory. Because of what happened during the Middle Kingdom, the Egyptians built up their military and strengthened its boarders. They conquered regions that created an Empire that extended from the Euphrates River to southern Nubia 5 QUEEN HATSHEPSUT Egypt wanted to grow its kingdom so they began to trade. Profitable trade routes, or paths followed by traders, developed Queen Hatshepsut worked to increase Egyptian trade. She expanded trade to the south with kingdom of Punt on the Red Sea and to the north with the people of Asia Minor and Greece She and later pharaohs used the wealth the earned to support the arts and architecture. 6 RAMSES THE GREAT In the 1200s BC Ramses II, or Ramses the Great, came to power. Ramses the Great had the longest reign of any pharaoh of ancient Egypt. Ramses the Great was known as a warrior king. He defended the Egyptians from many outside nations who attempted to invade, such as the Hittites. 1.
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