DOCSLIB.ORG

Ancient Egypt and Kush (4500 BC–AD 400)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

FLORIDA . The Story Continues CHAPTER 4, Ancient Egypt and Kush (4500 BC–AD 400) PEOPLE 2500 BC–AD 100: The Deptford culture emerges in the northern and northwestern regions of Florida. Regional cultures developed as Florida’s people became more settled. Styles of pottery were an important regional di erence. Archaeologists use pottery to organize archaeological sites into cultural groups. e Deptford culture developed in what is now North and Northwest Florida. e culture’s pottery was charac- terized by a checked design stamped into coiled clay. Most of the people in the northwestern region lived along the coast near salt marshes and streams. e people in the northern region lived along rivers and streams. ey all shed and hunted for food. Around 100 BC the Deptford culture began burying their dead in sand mounds. e dead were buried with special items such as copper panpipes, ear spools, and decorative pottery. Copper is not native to Florida. is leads archaeologists to believe that the Deptford people engaged in trade with other cultures of the Southeast. PEOPLE c. 1000 BC: The Belle Glades culture emerges around Lake Okeechobee. e Belle Glades culture devel- oped in the grasslands around the Kissimmee River basin and Florida. .The Story Continues Lake Okeechobee in southern Florida. By about 500 BC the people were constructing mounds, circular ditches, canals, and other earthworks. Archaeologists believe that many of the See Chapter 1 earthworks were constructed to control seasonal ooding in the increasingly wet environment. e people appear to have grown corn as early as 400 BC, but the practice stopped around Photo credits: AD 500, most likely because the land became too wet. 81 FL1 6-8_SFLAESE607337_C04_SC.indd 1 2/25/11 8:44:50 AM groups. When a village became too large, PEOPLE c. 500 BC: The Glades culture lives in southern Florida. one or more groups formed new villages. People of the Glades culture lived in the Somewhere around 100 BC the people Everglades and among the mangrove began constructing sand mounds to forests and inlets along Florida’s south- bury their dead. e St. Johns people ern coast. ey lived by shing and buried their dead with exotic trade goods hunting and by gathering plants. eir from elsewhere in the Southeast. diet included whales, star sh, sharks, crabs, rays, cray sh, sail sh, and marlin. ey also hunted deer, rabbit, raccoons, PEOPLE c. AD 200: The Cades Pond reptiles, and birds. Lacking a lot of stone, culture develops in the north About 1,800 the people made bows and arrows and central region of Florida. years ago the Cades Pond people settled other tools from wood and shell. in villages along the lakes, wet prairies, and marshes in what is now Alachua County. Based on the bones and shells PEOPLE c. 100 BC: The St. Johns culture constructs sand burial mounds found at various sites, archaeologists for their dead. e people of the St. believe the people relied heavily on the Johns culture lived in the drainage area wetland resources of the area. eir diet of the St. Johns River from Brevard consisted of such wetland animals as County northward to Jacksonville. Each snails, clams, sh, frogs, turtles, snakes, village had one or more leaders that alligators, and water birds. ey also ate helped organize ceremonies and other land animals such as black bears, rab- activities. Archaeologists believe that bits, opossums, squirrels, and fox. villages were organized into kinship Unpacking the Florida Standards <… Read the following to learn what this standard says and what it means. See FL8–FL29 to unpack all of the standards related to this chapter. Benchmark SS.6.G.2.4 Explain how the geographical location of ancient civilizations contributed to the culture and politics of those societies. Examples are Egypt, Rome, Greece, China, Kush. Florida. .The Story Continues What does it mean? Identify the ways in which geography shaped the cultures and governments of ancient civilizations. See Chapter 1 SS.6.E.1.2, SS.6.E.1.3, SS.6.E.3.2, SS.6.E.3.3, SS.6.G.2.2 See pages FL35, FL36, and FL42 for content specifically related to these Chapter 4 Photo credits: standards. 81 FL2 6-8_SFLAESE607337_C04_SC.indd 2 2/28/11 10:04:45 AM CHAPTER 4 4500 BC–AD 400 Ancient Egypt and Kush Essential Question How was the success of the Egyptian civilization tied to the Nile River? Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards MA.6.A.3.1 Write and evaluate mathematical expressions that correspond to given situations. SS.6.E.1.2 Describe and iden- tify traditional and command economies as they appear in different civiliza- tions. SS.6.E.1.3 Describe the following economic concepts as they relate to early civilization: scarcity, opportunity cost, supply and demand, barter, trade, productive resources (land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship). SS.6.E.3.2 Categorize products that were traded among civilizations, and give examples of barriers to trade of those products. SS.6.E.3.3 Describe traditional economies (Egypt, Greece, Rome, Kush) and elements of those economies that led to the rise of a merchant class and trading partners. SS.6.G.2.2 Differentiate between continents, regions, countries, and cities in order to understand the complexities of regions created by civiliza- tions. SS.6.G.2.4 Explain how the geographical location of ancient civilizations contributed to the culture and politics of those societies. SS.6.G.2.5 Interpret how geographic boundaries invite or limit interaction with other regions and cultures. SS.6.G.3.1 Explain how the physical landscape has affected the devel- opment of agriculture and industry in the ancient world. SS.6.G.3.2 Analyze the impact of human populations on the ancient world›s ecosystems. SS.6.G.4.1 Explain how family and ethnic relationships influenced ancient cultures. SS.6.G.5.1 Iden- tify the methods used to compensate for the scarcity of resources in the ancient world. SS.6.G.5.3 Use geographic tools and terms to analyze how famine, drought, and natural disasters plagued many ancient civilizations. SS.6.W.1.1 Use time- lines to identify chronological order of historical events. SS.6.W.1.2 Identify terms (decade, century, epoch, era, millennium, BC/BCE, AD/CE) and designations of time periods. SS.6.W.1.3 Interpret primary and secondary sources. SS.6.W.2.4 Com- pare the economic, political, social, and religious institutions of ancient river civilizations. SS.6.W.2.5 Summarize important achievements of Egyptian civilization. SS.6.W.2.6 Determine the contributions of key figures from ancient Egypt. SS.6.W.3.18 Describe the rise and fall of the ancient east African kingdoms of Kush and Axum and Christianity’s development in Ethiopia. c. 4500 BC Agricultural FOCUS ON WRITING CHAPTER communities EVENTS develop in Egypt. Riddles In ancient times, according to legend, a sphinx—an imaginary creature like the one whose sculpture is found in Egypt—demanded the 4000 BC answer to a riddle. People died if they couldn’t answer the riddle WORLD correctly. After you read this chapter, you will write two riddles. The EVENTS answer to one of your riddles will be “Egypt.” The answer to your other riddle will be “Kush.” 82 CHAPTER 4 6-8_SNLAESE607337_C04O.indd 82 1/25/11 1:38:17 PM This photo shows The Egyptian an ancient temple of Empire Is Born Ramses II, one of Egypt’s most powerful rulers. c. 3100 BC c. 2300 BC c. 730–700 BC c. AD 350 Menes unites Upper The kingdom of c. 1237 BC Kush conquers Egypt Aksum and Lower Egypt, estab- Kush sets up its Ramses the and establishes the destroys lishing the First Dynasty. capital at Kerma. Great dies. 25th Dynasty. Meroë. 3000 BC 2000 BC 1000 BC 400 AD c. 3500 BC c. 1200 BC c. 1027 BC c. 500 BC AD 330 The Sumerians create The Olmec form the The Chou Buddhism Constantinople the world’s first first urban civilization Dynasty begins begins to becomes the writing system. in the Americas. in China. develop in India. capital of the Roman Empire. ANCIENT EGYPT AND KUSH 83 6-8_SNLAESE485829_C04O.indd 83 7/9/10 3:47:05 PM Reading Social Studies Society Science and Politics Economics Geography Religion and Culture Technology Focus on Themes As you read this chapter, and then how Kush conquered and ruled Egypt. You you will learn about the ancient kingdoms of Egypt will learn how the economies of these kingdoms, and Kush. You will see that the geography of the based on trade, grew strong. Finally you will learn areas helped these kingdoms to develop. You will about the importance of religion to the people of also learn how Egypt conquered and ruled Kush both of these ancient societies. Causes and Effects in History Focus on Reading Have you heard the saying, “We have to un- derstand the past to avoid repeating it”? That is one reason we look for causes and effects in history. Identifying Causes and Effects A cause is something that makes another thing happen. An effect is the result of something else that has happened. Most historical events have a number of causes as well as a number of effects. You can understand history better if you look for causes and effects of events. 1. Because the Egyptians had captured and destroyed the city of Kerma, the kings of Kush ruled from the city of Napata. (p. 109) Sometimes writers use Cause words that signal a cause Effect or an effect.
Recommended publications
  • 900 History, Geography, and Auxiliary Disciplines

    900 History, Geography, and Auxiliary Disciplines

    900 900 History, geography, and auxiliary disciplines Class here social situations and conditions; general political history; military, diplomatic, political, economic, social, welfare aspects of specific wars Class interdisciplinary works on ancient world, on specific continents, countries, localities in 930–990. Class history and geographic treatment of a specific subject with the subject, plus notation 09 from Table 1, e.g., history and geographic treatment of natural sciences 509, of economic situations and conditions 330.9, of purely political situations and conditions 320.9, history of military science 355.009 See also 303.49 for future history (projected events other than travel) See Manual at 900 SUMMARY 900.1–.9 Standard subdivisions of history and geography 901–909 Standard subdivisions of history, collected accounts of events, world history 910 Geography and travel 920 Biography, genealogy, insignia 930 History of ancient world to ca. 499 940 History of Europe 950 History of Asia 960 History of Africa 970 History of North America 980 History of South America 990 History of Australasia, Pacific Ocean islands, Atlantic Ocean islands, Arctic islands, Antarctica, extraterrestrial worlds .1–.9 Standard subdivisions of history and geography 901 Philosophy and theory of history 902 Miscellany of history .2 Illustrations, models, miniatures Do not use for maps, plans, diagrams; class in 911 903 Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances of history 901 904 Dewey Decimal Classification 904 904 Collected accounts of events Including events of natural origin; events induced by human activity Class here adventure Class collections limited to a specific period, collections limited to a specific area or region but not limited by continent, country, locality in 909; class travel in 910; class collections limited to a specific continent, country, locality in 930–990.
  • The Money Band Songlist

    The Money Band Songlist

    THE MONEY BAND SONGLIST 50s Bobby Darin Mack the Knife Somewhere Beyond the Sea Ben E King Stand By Me Carl Perkins Blue Suede Shoe Elvis Presley Heartbreak Hotel Hound Dog Jailhouse Rock Frank Sinatra Fly Me To The Moon Johnny Cash Folsom Prison Blues Louis Armstrong What A Wonderful World Ray Charles I Got A Woman Wha’d I Say 60s Beach Boys Surfing USA Beatles Birthday Michelle Norwegian Wood I Feel Fine I Saw Her Standing There Bobby Darin Dream Lover Chantays Pipeline Chuck Berry Johnny B Good Dick Dale Miserlou Wipe Out Elvis Presley All Shook Up Can’t Help Falling In Love Heartbreak Hotel It’s Now or Never Little Less Conversation Little Sister Suspicious Minds Henri Mancini Pink Panther Jerry Lee Lewis Great Balls of Fire Whole Lotta Shakin Jimi Hendrix Fire Hey Joe Wind Cries Mary Johnny Rivers Secret Agent Man Johnny Cash Ring of Fire Kingsmen Louie Louie Otis Redding Dock of the Bay Ricky Nelson Hello Marylou Traveling Man Rolling Stones Paint It Black Jumping Jack Flash Satisfaction Cant Always Get What You Want Beast of Burden Sam the Sham & the Pharaohs Wooly Bully Tommy James Mony Mony Troggs Wild Thing Van Morrison Baby Please Don’t Go Brown Eyed Girl Into The Mystic The Who My Generation 70s Beatles Get Back Imagine Something Bee Gees You Should Be Dancing Staying Alive Carl Douglas Kung Foo Fighting Cat Stevens Wild World The Commodores Brick House David Bowie Rebel, Rebel Diana Ross Upside Down Donna Summer Hot Stuff Doors LA Woman Love Me Two Times Roadhouse Blues The Eagles Hotel California Elvis Presley Steamroller
  • Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions Et Usages Du Mythe Égyptien

    Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions Et Usages Du Mythe Égyptien

    Revue de l’histoire des religions 4 | 2018 Qu’est-ce qu’un mythe égyptien ? Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Katja Goebs and John Baines Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 DOI: 10.4000/rhr.9334 ISSN: 2105-2573 Publisher Armand Colin Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2018 Number of pages: 645-681 ISBN: 978-2-200-93200-8 ISSN: 0035-1423 Electronic reference Katja Goebs and John Baines, “Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth”, Revue de l’histoire des religions [Online], 4 | 2018, Online since 01 December 2020, connection on 13 January 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/rhr.9334 Tous droits réservés KATJA GOEBS / JOHN BAINES University of Toronto / University of Oxford Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth* This article discusses functions and uses of myth in ancient Egypt as a contribution to comparative research. Applications of myth are reviewed in order to present a basic general typology of usages: from political, scholarly, ritual, and medical applications, through incorporation in images, to linguistic and literary exploitations. In its range of function and use, Egyptian myth is similar to that of other civilizations, except that written narratives appear to have developed relatively late. The many attested forms and uses underscore its flexibility, which has entailed many interpretations starting with assessments of the Osiris myth reported by Plutarch (2nd century AD). Myths conceptualize, describe, explain, and control the world, and they were adapted to an ever-changing reality. Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Cet article discute les fonctions et les usages du mythe en Égypte ancienne dans une perspective comparatiste et passe en revue ses applications, afin de proposer une typologie générale de ses usages – applications politiques, érudites, rituelles et médicales, incorporation dans des images, exploitation linguistique et littéraire.
  • A Landscape of Death: a Comparison of Non-Adult to Adult Burials at the Late Bronze Age Site of Tell El-Far'ah (South)

    A Landscape of Death: a Comparison of Non-Adult to Adult Burials at the Late Bronze Age Site of Tell El-Far'ah (South)

    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2018 A Landscape of Death: A Comparison of Non-adult to Adult Burials at the Late Bronze Age Site of Tell el-Far'ah (South) Rebecca Reeves Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Reeves, Rebecca, "A Landscape of Death: A Comparison of Non-adult to Adult Burials at the Late Bronze Age Site of Tell el-Far'ah (South)" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 6184. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/6184 A LANDSCAPE OF DEATH: A COMPARISON OF NON-ADULT TO ADULT BURIALS AT THE LATE BRONZE AGE SITE OF TELL EL-FAR’AH (SOUTH) by REBECCA N REEVES M.A. University of Central Florida, 2018 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2018 Copyright © 2018 Rebecca N Reeves ii ABSTRACT This study aims to determine whether there are any differences in the burial practices for non-adults and adults at the Late Bronze Age site of Tell el-Far’ah (South) in modern day Israel.
  • Enrichment: Nubia and the Conquest of Egypt

    Enrichment: Nubia and the Conquest of Egypt

    ANCIENT EGYPT AND NUBIA SECTION 3 Name ________________________________________________ Class ________________________ Date ______________ Enrichment: Nubia and the Conquest of Egypt Directions Read the selection below. Then answer the questions that follow. Nubian kings already ruled northern Nubia at the time of the earliest Egyptian records around 3000 B.C. The Egyptians of the time called Nubia “Ta Sety,” or the “Land of the Bows,” because Nubian bowmen were famous in the region. In about 1950 B.C., Egypt conquered Nubia (or Kush, as Egyptians of the time called it). In the years that followed, Nubia took on many aspects of Egyptian culture, including the worship of many of the same gods and burial of kings in pyramids. By the 800s B.C., Egypt had become disunited, with foreign rulers in the north. The southern Egyptians asked Nubia for protection. About 750 B.C., the Nubian leader Piye invaded northern Egypt. The entire country was united again, from the capital city Meroë, in Kush, to the Mediterranean Sea. Kushite leaders ruled for the next 100 years. Unlike many leaders who took over foreign lands, Piye did not kill or otherwise punish those he had conquered. Instead, he kept them on to run the government and military forces. He and the men who ruled after him became the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. In about 650 B.C., the Kushites were pushed out of Egypt by the army of the Assyrian empire. Kush remained a powerful kingdom to the south of Egypt for hundreds of years. 1. What did the Egyptians call Nubia when it was under Egyptian rule? 2.
  • Joseph Coleson Judges Lawson G

    Joseph Coleson Judges Lawson G

    CORNERSTONE BIBLICAL COMMENTARY 01-Vol3-fm.indd 1 2/5/2016 1:53:43 PM General Editor Philip W. Comfort D. Litt. et Phil., University of South Africa; Tyndale House Publishers; Coastal Carolina University. Consulting Editor, Old Testament Tremper Longman III PhD, Yale University; Robert H. Gundry Professor of Biblical Studies, Westmont College. Consulting Editor, New Testament Grant Osborne PhD, University of Aberdeen; Professor of New Testament, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. Associate Editors Jason Driesbach MA, Biblical Exegesis and Linguistics, Dallas Theological Seminary; Tyndale House Publishers. Mark R. Norton MA, Theological Studies, Wheaton Graduate School; Tyndale House Publishers. James A. Swanson MSM, Multnomah Biblical Seminary; MTh, University of South Africa; Tyndale House Publishers. 01-Vol3-fm.indd 2 2/5/2016 1:53:43 PM CORNERSTONE BIBLICAL COMMENTARY Joshua Joseph Coleson Judges Lawson G. Stone Ruth Jason Driesbach GENERAL EDITOR Philip W. Comfort featuring the text of the NEW LIVING TRANSLATION TYNDALE HOUSE PUBLISHERS, INC. CAROL STREAM, ILLINOIS 01-Vol3-fm.indd 3 2/5/2016 1:53:43 PM Cornerstone Biblical Commentary, Volume 3 Visit Tyndale online at www.tyndale.com. Joshua copyright © 2012 by Joseph Coleson. All rights reserved. Judges copyright © 2012 by Lawson G. Stone. All rights reserved. Ruth copyright © 2012 by Jason Driesbach. All rights reserved. Designed by Luke Daab and Timothy R. Botts. Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2007 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved. TYNDALE, New Living Translation, NLT, Tyndale’s quill logo, and the New Living Translation logo are registered trademarks of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.
  • ROYAL STATUES Including Sphinxes

    ROYAL STATUES Including Sphinxes

    ROYAL STATUES Including sphinxes EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD Dynasties I-II Including later commemorative statues Ninutjer 800-150-900 Statuette of Ninuter seated wearing heb-sed cloak, calcite(?), formerly in G. Michaelidis colln., then in J. L. Boele van Hensbroek colln. in 1962. Simpson, W. K. in JEA 42 (1956), 45-9 figs. 1, 2 pl. iv. Send 800-160-900 Statuette of Send kneeling with vases, bronze, probably made during Dyn. XXVI, formerly in G. Posno colln. and in Paris, Hôtel Drouot, in 1883, now in Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum, 8433. Abubakr, Abd el Monem J. Untersuchungen über die ägyptischen Kronen (1937), 27 Taf. 7; Roeder, Äg. Bronzefiguren 292 [355, e] Abb. 373 Taf. 44 [f]; Wildung, Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt i, 51 [Dok. xiii. 60] Abb. iv [1]. Name, Gauthier, Livre des Rois i, 22 [vi]. See Antiquités égyptiennes ... Collection de M. Gustave Posno (1874), No. 53; Hôtel Drouot Sale Cat. May 22-6, 1883, No. 53; Stern in Zeitschrift für die gebildete Welt 3 (1883), 287; Ausf. Verz. 303; von Bissing in 2 Mitteilungen des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung xxxviii (1913), 259 n. 2 (suggests from Memphis). Not identified by texts 800-195-000 Head of royal statue, perhaps early Dyn. I, in London, Petrie Museum, 15989. Petrie in Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland xxxvi (1906), 200 pl. xix; id. Arts and Crafts 31 figs. 19, 20; id. The Revolutions of Civilisation 15 fig. 7; id. in Anc. Eg. (1915), 168 view 4; id. in Hammerton, J. A.
  • Congressional Record-House House of Representatives

    Congressional Record-House House of Representatives

    9034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 13 VIRGINIA The Clerk read as follows: E. LeRoy Smith, Appomattox. Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives ccmcttrring), Thomas E. Chambers, Blackstone. That, in accordance with paragraph 3 of section 2 of the Printing Act approved March 1, 1907, the Committee on Interstate Commerce Anna G. Bengtson, Catawba Sanatorium. of the Senate be, and is hereby, authorized and empowered to have James F. Walker, Fort Defiance. printed for its use 1,000 additional copies of the hearings held before John W. Rodgers, Hampden Sydney. said committee during the current session on the bill (S. 2009) Samuel S. Stallings, Suffolk. entitled "Transportation Act of .1939." Troy J. ·weeks, Willis. The concurrent resolution was concurred in, and a motion . WISCONSIN to reconsider was laid on the table . Joseph K. Hesselink, Cedar Grove. ADDITIONAL COPIES OF HEARINGS ON PROFIT-SHARING SYSTEMS Carl Whitaker, Chetek. Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Speaker, from the Committee on Print­ Ina E. Hennlich, Curtiss. ing, I report back favorably without amendment (H. Rept. Alma M. Olk, Hortonville. No. 1115) a privileged concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 25) JosephS. Rosera, Lena. authorizing the printing of additional copies of the hearings Axel C. Swanson, Pembine. held before a subcommittee of the Senate Committee on William A. Weier, Wabeno. Finance on the Investigation of Existing Profit-Sharing Sys­ tems Between Employers and Employees in the United States, and ask for its immediate consideration. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Clerk read as follows: THURSDAY. JULY 13, 1939 Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That, in accordance with paragraph 3 of section 2 of the Printing The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
  • Reading G Uide

    Reading G Uide

    1 Reading Guide Introduction Pharaonic Lives (most items are on map on page 10) Bodies of Water Major Regions Royal Cities Gulf of Suez Faiyum Oasis Akhetaten Sea The Levant Alexandria Nile River Libya Avaris Nile cataracts* Lower Egypt Giza Nile Delta Nubia Herakleopolis Magna Red Sea Palestine Hierakonpolis Punt Kerma *Cataracts shown as lines Sinai Memphis across Nile River Syria Sais Upper Egypt Tanis Thebes 2 Chapter 1 Pharaonic Kingship: Evolution & Ideology Myths Time Periods Significant Artifacts Predynastic Origins of Kingship: Naqada Naqada I The Narmer Palette Period Naqada II The Scorpion Macehead Writing History of Maqada III Pharaohs Old Kingdom Significant Buildings Ideology & Insignia of Middle Kingdom Kingship New Kingdom Tombs at Abydos King’s Divinity Mythology Royal Insignia Royal Names & Titles The Book of the Heavenly Atef Crown The Birth Name Cow Blue Crown (Khepresh) The Golden Horus Name The Contending of Horus Diadem (Seshed) The Horus Name & Seth Double Crown (Pa- The Nesu-Bity Name Death & Resurrection of Sekhemty) The Two Ladies Name Osiris Nemes Headdress Red Crown (Desheret) Hem Deities White Crown (Hedjet) Per-aa (The Great House) The Son of Re Horus Bull’s tail Isis Crook Osiris False beard Maat Flail Nut Rearing cobra (uraeus) Re Seth Vocabulary Divine Forces demi-god heka (divine magic) Good God (netjer netjer) hu (divine utterance) Great God (netjer aa) isfet (chaos) ka-spirit (divine energy) maat (divine order) Other Topics Ramesses II making sia (Divine knowledge) an offering to Ra Kings’ power
  • A Short History of Egypt – to About 1970

    A Short History of Egypt – to About 1970

    A Short History of Egypt – to about 1970 Foreword................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1. Pre-Dynastic Times : Upper and Lower Egypt: The Unification. .. 3 Chapter 2. Chronology of the First Twelve Dynasties. ............................... 5 Chapter 3. The First and Second Dynasties (Archaic Egypt) ....................... 6 Chapter 4. The Third to the Sixth Dynasties (The Old Kingdom): The "Pyramid Age"..................................................................... 8 Chapter 5. The First Intermediate Period (Seventh to Tenth Dynasties)......10 Chapter 6. The Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties (The Middle Kingdom).......11 Chapter 7. The Second Intermediate Period (about I780-1561 B.C.): The Hyksos. .............................................................................12 Chapter 8. The "New Kingdom" or "Empire" : Eighteenth to Twentieth Dynasties (c.1567-1085 B.C.)...............................................13 Chapter 9. The Decline of the Empire. ...................................................15 Chapter 10. Persian Rule (525-332 B.C.): Conquest by Alexander the Great. 17 Chapter 11. The Early Ptolemies: Alexandria. ...........................................18 Chapter 12. The Later Ptolemies: The Advent of Rome. .............................20 Chapter 13. Cleopatra...........................................................................21 Chapter 14. Egypt under the Roman, and then Byzantine, Empire: Christianity: The Coptic Church.............................................23
  • The Secrets of Egypt & the Nile

    The Secrets of Egypt & the Nile

    the secrets of egypt & the nile 2021 - 2022 Dear Valued Guest, Egypt has captured the world’s imagination and continues to make an extraordinary impression on those who visit; and beginning in September 2021, we are delighted to take you there. While traveling along Egypt’s Nile River, you’ll be treated to a connoisseur’s discovery of this ancient civilization as only AmaWaterways can provide—with an unparalleled river cruise and land adventure that includes exquisite cuisine, beautiful accommodations, authentic excursions and extraordinary service. Your journey along the world’s longest river on board our spectacular, newly designed AmaDahlia will take you to some of Egypt’s most iconic sites. Discover ancient splendors such as the Great Hypostyle Hall of Karnak, the beguiling Temple of Luxor and the mystifying Valley of the Kings and Queens, along with exclusive access to the Tomb of Queen Nefertari. While in Cairo, you’ll stay at the 5-star Four Seasons at The First Residence, an oasis in the middle of the city, where each day, you’ll experience some of the world’s most astonishing antiquities. Come face to face with King Tut’s priceless discoveries at the Egyptian Museum, as well as the Great Sphinx and the three Pyramids of Giza, the last surviving of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; and gain private access to Cairo’s Abdeen Presidential Palace. This mesmerizing destination has entranced archaeologists and historians for generations and inspired its own field of study—Egyptology. Now it’s time for you to be entranced. We look forward to sharing Egypt with you.
  • Fatimid Material Culture in Al-Andalus: Presences and Influences of Egypt in Al-Andalus Between the Xth and the Xiith Centuries A.D

    Fatimid Material Culture in Al-Andalus: Presences and Influences of Egypt in Al-Andalus Between the Xth and the Xiith Centuries A.D

    Fatimid Material Culture in Al-Andalus: Presences and Influences of Egypt in Al-Andalus Between the Xth and the XIIth Centuries A.D. Zabya Abo Aljadayel Dissertation of Master of Archaeology September, 2019 Dissertation submitted to fulfil the necessary requirements to obtain a Master's Degree of Archaeology, held under the scientific orientation of Prof. André Teixeira and Prof.ª Susana Gómez Martínez. 2 | P a g e Zabya Abo aljadayel | 2019 To my family, friends and every interested reader لعائلتي, ﻷصدقائي و لكل قارئ مهتم 3 | P a g e Zabya Abo aljadayel | 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I give my gratitude and love To my dear professors Susana and André for being more than advisors with their patience, kindness and support. To the Global Platform for Syrian Students for giving me the opportunity to come to Portugal to continue my higher education. In particular, I would like to commend the efforts of Dr Helena Barroco for being by my side in the formal and the nonformal situations. To FCSH-UNL for giving me a seat in the faculty. Moreover, to Dr Francisco José Gomes Caramelo and Dr João Soeiro de Carvalho for their kindness and academic support. To my beloved friends in CAM and in all Mértola for well receiving me there as a part of their lovely family. To Dr Susana Calvo Capilla and Dr María Antonia Martínez Núñez for their support. To my mother, I would say that Charles Virolleaud wasn’t entirely right when he said: “Tout homme civilisé a deux patries: la sienne et la Syrie.”. But, should have said: “Tout homme civilisé a trois patries: Sa mère, la sienne et la Syrie.”.