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Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions Et Usages Du Mythe Égyptien
Revue de l’histoire des religions 4 | 2018 Qu’est-ce qu’un mythe égyptien ? Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Katja Goebs and John Baines Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 DOI: 10.4000/rhr.9334 ISSN: 2105-2573 Publisher Armand Colin Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2018 Number of pages: 645-681 ISBN: 978-2-200-93200-8 ISSN: 0035-1423 Electronic reference Katja Goebs and John Baines, “Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth”, Revue de l’histoire des religions [Online], 4 | 2018, Online since 01 December 2020, connection on 13 January 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/rhr.9334 Tous droits réservés KATJA GOEBS / JOHN BAINES University of Toronto / University of Oxford Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth* This article discusses functions and uses of myth in ancient Egypt as a contribution to comparative research. Applications of myth are reviewed in order to present a basic general typology of usages: from political, scholarly, ritual, and medical applications, through incorporation in images, to linguistic and literary exploitations. In its range of function and use, Egyptian myth is similar to that of other civilizations, except that written narratives appear to have developed relatively late. The many attested forms and uses underscore its flexibility, which has entailed many interpretations starting with assessments of the Osiris myth reported by Plutarch (2nd century AD). Myths conceptualize, describe, explain, and control the world, and they were adapted to an ever-changing reality. Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Cet article discute les fonctions et les usages du mythe en Égypte ancienne dans une perspective comparatiste et passe en revue ses applications, afin de proposer une typologie générale de ses usages – applications politiques, érudites, rituelles et médicales, incorporation dans des images, exploitation linguistique et littéraire. -
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 46, 1960
THE JOURNAL OF Egyptian Archaeology VOLUME 46 DECEMBER I960 PUBLISHED BY THE JOURNAL OF Egyptian Archaeology VOLUME 46 PUBLISHED BY THE EGYPT EXPLORATION SOCIETY 2 HINDE STREET, MANCHESTER SQUARE, LONDON, W. 1 i960 CONTENTS PAGE EDITORIAL FOREWORD ............ I THE PHILADELPHIA-CAIRO STATUE OF OSORKON II . Bernard V. Bothmer . 3 THE INSCRIPTIONS ON THE PHILADELPHIA-CAIRO STATUE OF OSORKON II Helen K. Jacquet-Gordon . 12 MENEPTAH'S AID TO THE HITTITES . G. A. Wainwright ... 24 A SELECTION OF TUTHMOSIDE OSTRACA FROM DER EL- BAHRI W. C. Hayes ... 29 THE STATUETTE OF AN EGYPTIAN HARPER AND STRING- INSTRUMENTS IN EGYPTIAN STATUARY . .J. Leibovitch . -53 THE TITLE IN THE OLD KINGDOM . H. Goedicke .... 60 PAPYRUS LYTHGOE : A FRAGMENT OF A LITERARY TEXT OF THE MIDDLE KINGDOM FROM EL-LISHT . W. K. Simpson ... 65 A CANONICAL MASTER-DRAWING IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM E. Iversen . • 71 A BLOCK OF AMENOPHIS IV FROM ATHRIBIS . H. W. Fairman ... 80 SOME PRE-'AMARNAH SUN HYMNS . H. M. Stewart ... 83 NOTES ON PTOLEMAIC CHRONOLOGY . T. C. Skeat . -91 BIBLIOGRAPHY: GRAECO-ROMAN EGYPT: GREEK INSCRIP TIONS (1959) . • • • • • . P. M. Fraser ... 95 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS: Was Osiris an ancient king subsequently deified?, by Sir Alan Gardiner, p. 104; A new fragment of the battlefield palette, by J. R. Harris, p. 104; The origin of black-topped red pottery, by A. J. Arkell, p. 105; The nature of the brick-work calculations in Kah. Pap. xxm, 24-40, by W. K. Simpson, p. 106; The supposed Year 21 of Akhenaten, by H. W. Fairman, p. 108; Ptolemy son of Pelops, by T. B. -
Enrichment: Nubia and the Conquest of Egypt
ANCIENT EGYPT AND NUBIA SECTION 3 Name ________________________________________________ Class ________________________ Date ______________ Enrichment: Nubia and the Conquest of Egypt Directions Read the selection below. Then answer the questions that follow. Nubian kings already ruled northern Nubia at the time of the earliest Egyptian records around 3000 B.C. The Egyptians of the time called Nubia “Ta Sety,” or the “Land of the Bows,” because Nubian bowmen were famous in the region. In about 1950 B.C., Egypt conquered Nubia (or Kush, as Egyptians of the time called it). In the years that followed, Nubia took on many aspects of Egyptian culture, including the worship of many of the same gods and burial of kings in pyramids. By the 800s B.C., Egypt had become disunited, with foreign rulers in the north. The southern Egyptians asked Nubia for protection. About 750 B.C., the Nubian leader Piye invaded northern Egypt. The entire country was united again, from the capital city Meroë, in Kush, to the Mediterranean Sea. Kushite leaders ruled for the next 100 years. Unlike many leaders who took over foreign lands, Piye did not kill or otherwise punish those he had conquered. Instead, he kept them on to run the government and military forces. He and the men who ruled after him became the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. In about 650 B.C., the Kushites were pushed out of Egypt by the army of the Assyrian empire. Kush remained a powerful kingdom to the south of Egypt for hundreds of years. 1. What did the Egyptians call Nubia when it was under Egyptian rule? 2. -
Sudan a Country Study.Pdf
A Country Study: Sudan An Nilain Mosque, at the site of the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile in Khartoum Federal Research Division Library of Congress Edited by Helen Chapin Metz Research Completed June 1991 Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Preface Country Profile Country Geography Society Economy Transportation Government and Politics National Security Introduction Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Thomas Ofcansky) Early History Cush Meroe Christian Nubia The Coming of Islam The Arabs The Decline of Christian Nubia The Rule of the Kashif The Funj The Fur The Turkiyah, 1821-85 The Mahdiyah, 1884-98 The Khalifa Reconquest of Sudan The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, 1899-1955 Britain's Southern Policy Rise of Sudanese Nationalism The Road to Independence The South and the Unity of Sudan Independent Sudan The Politics of Independence The Abbud Military Government, 1958-64 Return to Civilian Rule, 1964-69 The Nimeiri Era, 1969-85 Revolutionary Command Council The Southern Problem Political Developments National Reconciliation The Transitional Military Council Sadiq Al Mahdi and Coalition Governments Chapter 2 - The Society and its Environment (Robert O. Collins) Physical Setting Geographical Regions Soils Hydrology Climate Population Ethnicity Language Ethnic Groups The Muslim Peoples Non-Muslim Peoples Migration Regionalism and Ethnicity The Social Order Northern Arabized Communities Southern Communities Urban and National Elites Women and the Family Religious -
ROYAL STATUES Including Sphinxes
ROYAL STATUES Including sphinxes EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD Dynasties I-II Including later commemorative statues Ninutjer 800-150-900 Statuette of Ninuter seated wearing heb-sed cloak, calcite(?), formerly in G. Michaelidis colln., then in J. L. Boele van Hensbroek colln. in 1962. Simpson, W. K. in JEA 42 (1956), 45-9 figs. 1, 2 pl. iv. Send 800-160-900 Statuette of Send kneeling with vases, bronze, probably made during Dyn. XXVI, formerly in G. Posno colln. and in Paris, Hôtel Drouot, in 1883, now in Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum, 8433. Abubakr, Abd el Monem J. Untersuchungen über die ägyptischen Kronen (1937), 27 Taf. 7; Roeder, Äg. Bronzefiguren 292 [355, e] Abb. 373 Taf. 44 [f]; Wildung, Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt i, 51 [Dok. xiii. 60] Abb. iv [1]. Name, Gauthier, Livre des Rois i, 22 [vi]. See Antiquités égyptiennes ... Collection de M. Gustave Posno (1874), No. 53; Hôtel Drouot Sale Cat. May 22-6, 1883, No. 53; Stern in Zeitschrift für die gebildete Welt 3 (1883), 287; Ausf. Verz. 303; von Bissing in 2 Mitteilungen des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung xxxviii (1913), 259 n. 2 (suggests from Memphis). Not identified by texts 800-195-000 Head of royal statue, perhaps early Dyn. I, in London, Petrie Museum, 15989. Petrie in Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland xxxvi (1906), 200 pl. xix; id. Arts and Crafts 31 figs. 19, 20; id. The Revolutions of Civilisation 15 fig. 7; id. in Anc. Eg. (1915), 168 view 4; id. in Hammerton, J. A. -
Ancient Egyptian Chronology.Pdf
Ancient Egyptian Chronology HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES SECTION ONE THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST Ancient Near East Editor-in-Chief W. H. van Soldt Editors G. Beckman • C. Leitz • B. A. Levine P. Michalowski • P. Miglus Middle East R. S. O’Fahey • C. H. M. Versteegh VOLUME EIGHTY-THREE Ancient Egyptian Chronology Edited by Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, and David A. Warburton BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2006 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ancient Egyptian chronology / edited by Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, and David A. Warburton; with the assistance of Marianne Eaton-Krauss. p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, The Near and Middle East ; v. 83) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-90-04-11385-5 ISBN-10: 90-04-11385-1 1. Egypt—History—To 332 B.C.—Chronology. 2. Chronology, Egyptian. 3. Egypt—Antiquities. I. Hornung, Erik. II. Krauss, Rolf. III. Warburton, David. IV. Eaton-Krauss, Marianne. DT83.A6564 2006 932.002'02—dc22 2006049915 ISSN 0169-9423 ISBN-10 90 04 11385 1 ISBN-13 978 90 04 11385 5 © Copyright 2006 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
Reading G Uide
1 Reading Guide Introduction Pharaonic Lives (most items are on map on page 10) Bodies of Water Major Regions Royal Cities Gulf of Suez Faiyum Oasis Akhetaten Sea The Levant Alexandria Nile River Libya Avaris Nile cataracts* Lower Egypt Giza Nile Delta Nubia Herakleopolis Magna Red Sea Palestine Hierakonpolis Punt Kerma *Cataracts shown as lines Sinai Memphis across Nile River Syria Sais Upper Egypt Tanis Thebes 2 Chapter 1 Pharaonic Kingship: Evolution & Ideology Myths Time Periods Significant Artifacts Predynastic Origins of Kingship: Naqada Naqada I The Narmer Palette Period Naqada II The Scorpion Macehead Writing History of Maqada III Pharaohs Old Kingdom Significant Buildings Ideology & Insignia of Middle Kingdom Kingship New Kingdom Tombs at Abydos King’s Divinity Mythology Royal Insignia Royal Names & Titles The Book of the Heavenly Atef Crown The Birth Name Cow Blue Crown (Khepresh) The Golden Horus Name The Contending of Horus Diadem (Seshed) The Horus Name & Seth Double Crown (Pa- The Nesu-Bity Name Death & Resurrection of Sekhemty) The Two Ladies Name Osiris Nemes Headdress Red Crown (Desheret) Hem Deities White Crown (Hedjet) Per-aa (The Great House) The Son of Re Horus Bull’s tail Isis Crook Osiris False beard Maat Flail Nut Rearing cobra (uraeus) Re Seth Vocabulary Divine Forces demi-god heka (divine magic) Good God (netjer netjer) hu (divine utterance) Great God (netjer aa) isfet (chaos) ka-spirit (divine energy) maat (divine order) Other Topics Ramesses II making sia (Divine knowledge) an offering to Ra Kings’ power -
Sphinx Sphinx
SPHINX SPHINX History of a Monument CHRISTIANE ZIVIE-COCHE translated from the French by DAVID LORTON Cornell University Press Ithaca & London Original French edition, Sphinx! Le Pen la Terreur: Histoire d'une Statue, copyright © 1997 by Editions Noesis, Paris. All Rights Reserved. English translation copyright © 2002 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2002 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zivie-Coche, Christiane. Sphinx : history of a moument / Christiane Zivie-Coche ; translated from the French By David Lorton. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8014-3962-0 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Great Sphinx (Egypt)—History. I.Tide. DT62.S7 Z58 2002 932—dc2i 2002005494 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materi als include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further informa tion, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 987654321 TO YOU PIEDRA en la piedra, el hombre, donde estuvo? —Canto general, Pablo Neruda Contents Acknowledgments ix Translator's Note xi Chronology xiii Introduction I 1. Sphinx—Sphinxes 4 The Hybrid Nature of the Sphinx The Word Sphinx 2. -
"Egypt and the Bible: Some Recent Advances," Faith and Thought 91.3
Faith and Thought A Journal devoted to the study of the inter-relation of the Christian revelation and modern research Winter 1959 Vol. 91 Numbers 2 and 3 Summer 1960 K. A. KITCHEN, B.A. Egypt and the Bible: Some Recent Advances Introductory Ever since the dramatic resurrection of the long-derelict remains of the brilliant civilisations of Egypt and Mesopotamia in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there has been a steady flow of studies that have sought to exploit our increasing knowledge of Ancient Egypt in order the better to interpret and evaluate the Biblical references to Egypt and matters Egyptian. Though interest in the general subject of Egypt and the Bible has never died, there has been no major work in this field since before the late war. Professional Egyptologists with plenty of other highly urgent tasks on their hands have largely been disinclined to involve themselves in the controversies with which Biblical studies abound and to spend time on a subject which could contribute but little to Egyptology itself. However, a steady stream of papers on a wide variety of particular points has never failed, 1 and some Egyptologists are once more begin ning to devote attention to this field. 2 This paper offers a selection-emphatically and necessarily a very modest and uneven selection-of material bearing on Egypt and the Bible. Two classes of matter are here drawn upon. On the one hand, 1 For bibliography of pre-war studies to 1941, see I. A. Pratt, Ancient Egypt, A List of Sources in the New York Public Library (New York, 1925), and Pratt, Ancient Egypt: J925-J94J (New York, 1942), under the sections 'Egypt and the Bible'. -
Kush Under the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty (C. 760-656 Bc)
CHAPTER FOUR KUSH UNDER THE TWENTY-FIFTH DYNASTY (C. 760-656 BC) "(And from that time on) the southerners have been sailing northwards, the northerners southwards, to the place where His Majesty is, with every good thing of South-land and every kind of provision of North-land." 1 1. THE SOURCES 1.1. Textual evidence The names of Alara's (see Ch. 111.4.1) successor on the throne of the united kingdom of Kush, Kashta, and of Alara's and Kashta's descen dants (cf. Appendix) Piye,2 Shabaqo, Shebitqo, Taharqo,3 and Tan wetamani are recorded in Ancient History as kings of Egypt and the c. one century of their reign in Egypt is referred to as the period of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty.4 While the political and cultural history of Kush 1 DS ofTanwetamani, lines 4lf. (c. 664 BC), FHNI No. 29, trans!. R.H. Pierce. 2 In earlier literature: Piankhy; occasionally: Py. For the reading of the Kushite name as Piye: Priese 1968 24f. The name written as Pyl: W. Spiegelberg: Aus der Geschichte vom Zauberer Ne-nefer-ke-Sokar, Demotischer Papyrus Berlin 13640. in: Studies Presented to F.Ll. Griffith. London 1932 I 71-180 (Ptolemaic). 3 In this book the writing of the names Shabaqo, Shebitqo, and Taharqo (instead of the conventional Shabaka, Shebitku, Taharka/Taharqa) follows the theoretical recon struction of the Kushite name forms, cf. Priese 1978. 4 The Dynasty may also be termed "Nubian", "Ethiopian", or "Kushite". O'Connor 1983 184; Kitchen 1986 Table 4 counts to the Dynasty the rulers from Alara to Tanwetamani. -
The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Earth Wilbour Studies in Egypt and Ancient Western Asia
THE ANCIEN THE Collections of scenes and texts designated variously as the “Book of the Earth,” “Creation of the Solar Disc,” and “Book of Aker” were inscribed on the walls of royal sarcophagus chambers throughout Egypt’s Ramesside period (Dynasties 19–20). This material illustrated discrete episodes from the The Ancient Egyptian nocturnal voyage of the sun god, which functioned as a model for the resurrection of the deceased T king. These earliest “Books of the Earth” employed mostly ad hoc arrangements of scenes, united E by shared elements of iconography, an overarching, bipartite symmetry of composition, and their GYP Books of the Earth frequent pairing with representations of the double sky overhead. From the Twenty-First Dynasty and later, selections of programmatic tableaux were adapted for use in private mortuary contexts, T I often in conjunction with innovative or previously unattested annotations. The present study collects A and analyzes all currently known Book of the Earth material, including discussions of iconography, BOOKSN OF by Joshua Aaron Roberson grammar, orthography, and architectural setting. Joshua Aaron Roberson is an Assistant Professor in the Department of History, Camden County College. Blackwood, NJ. He has worked as an epigrapher and sigillographer with the University of Pennsylvania expeditions to Saqqara and Abydos and as a sigillographer for the French-Egyptian expedition to the Opet temple at Karnak. He earned his PhD in Egyptology from the University of Pennsylvania. T HE HE EA R T H Joshua Aaron Aaron Joshua Wilbour Studies R o berson Brown University Wilbour Studies in Egypt and Ancient Western Asia, 1 Department of Egyptology and Ancient Western Asian Studies LOCKWOOD PRESS www.lockwoodpress.com LOCKWOOD PRESS Wilbour_cover_template.indd 1 1/27/12 10:24 AM The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Earth Wilbour Studies in Egypt and Ancient Western Asia Series Editors James P. -
A BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEY of the POWERS of MESOPOTAMIA (Using Dates Based Primarily on John Bright’S a History of Israel, P
A BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE POWERS OF MESOPOTAMIA (using dates based primarily on John Bright’s A History of Israel, p. 462ff.) I. Assyrian Empire (Gen.10:11) A. Religion and culture were greatly influenced by the Sumerian/Babylonian Empire. B. Tentative list of rulers and approximate dates: 1. 1354-1318 - Asshur-Uballit I: (a) conquered the Hittite city of Carchemish (b) began to remove Hittite influence and allowed Assyria to develop 2. 1297-1266 - Adad-Nirari I (powerful king) 3. 1265-1235 - Shalmaneser I (powerful king) 4. 1234-1197 - Tukulti-Ninurta I - first conquest of Babylonian empire to the south 5. 1118-1078 - Tiglath-Pileser I - Assyria becomes a major power in Mesopotamia 6. 1012- 972 Ashur-Rabi II 7. 972- 967 - Ashur-Resh-Isui II 8. 966- 934 - Tiglath-Pileser II 9. 934- 912 - Ashur-Dan II 10. 912- 890 - Adad-Nirari II 11. 890- 884 - Tukulti-Ninurta II 12. 883- 859 - Asshur-Nasir-Apal II 13. 859- 824 - Shalmaneser III - Battle of Qarqar in 853 14. 824-811 - Shamashi-Adad V 15. 811-783 - Adad-Nirari III 16. 781-772 - Shalmaneser IV 17. 772-754 - Ashur-Dan III 18. 754-745 - Ashur-Nirari V 19. 745-727 - Tiglath-Pileser III: a. called by his Babylonian throne name, Pul, in II Kings 15:19 b. very powerful king c. started the policy of deporting conquered peoples d. In 735 B.C.. there was the formation of the “Syro-Ephramatic League” which was an attempt to unify all the available military resources of the transjordan nations from the head waters of the Euphrates to Egypt for the purpose of neutralizing the rising military power of Assyria.