Enrichment: Nubia and the Conquest of Egypt

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

ANCIENT EGYPT AND NUBIA SECTION 3 Name ________________________________________________ Class ________________________ Date ______________ Enrichment: Nubia and the Conquest of Egypt Directions Read the selection below. Then answer the questions that follow. Nubian kings already ruled northern Nubia at the time of the earliest Egyptian records around 3000 B.C. The Egyptians of the time called Nubia “Ta Sety,” or the “Land of the Bows,” because Nubian bowmen were famous in the region. In about 1950 B.C., Egypt conquered Nubia (or Kush, as Egyptians of the time called it). In the years that followed, Nubia took on many aspects of Egyptian culture, including the worship of many of the same gods and burial of kings in pyramids. By the 800s B.C., Egypt had become disunited, with foreign rulers in the north. The southern Egyptians asked Nubia for protection. About 750 B.C., the Nubian leader Piye invaded northern Egypt. The entire country was united again, from the capital city Meroë, in Kush, to the Mediterranean Sea. Kushite leaders ruled for the next 100 years. Unlike many leaders who took over foreign lands, Piye did not kill or otherwise punish those he had conquered. Instead, he kept them on to run the government and military forces. He and the men who ruled after him became the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. In about 650 B.C., the Kushites were pushed out of Egypt by the army of the Assyrian empire. Kush remained a powerful kingdom to the south of Egypt for hundreds of years. 1. What did the Egyptians call Nubia when it was under Egyptian rule? 2. Which Nubian ruler reunited Egypt? 3. Activity Write and illustrate a page from a children’s book about Nubia, the life of Piye, or the Nubian conquest of Egypt. T54 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 0133697835_Ch04_T50-165.indd 54 4/26/11 3:49:40 PM.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions Et Usages Du Mythe Égyptien
Revue de l’histoire des religions 4 | 2018 Qu’est-ce qu’un mythe égyptien ? Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Katja Goebs and John Baines Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 DOI: 10.4000/rhr.9334 ISSN: 2105-2573 Publisher Armand Colin Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2018 Number of pages: 645-681 ISBN: 978-2-200-93200-8 ISSN: 0035-1423 Electronic reference Katja Goebs and John Baines, “Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth”, Revue de l’histoire des religions [Online], 4 | 2018, Online since 01 December 2020, connection on 13 January 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/rhr.9334 Tous droits réservés KATJA GOEBS / JOHN BAINES University of Toronto / University of Oxford Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth* This article discusses functions and uses of myth in ancient Egypt as a contribution to comparative research. Applications of myth are reviewed in order to present a basic general typology of usages: from political, scholarly, ritual, and medical applications, through incorporation in images, to linguistic and literary exploitations. In its range of function and use, Egyptian myth is similar to that of other civilizations, except that written narratives appear to have developed relatively late. The many attested forms and uses underscore its flexibility, which has entailed many interpretations starting with assessments of the Osiris myth reported by Plutarch (2nd century AD). Myths conceptualize, describe, explain, and control the world, and they were adapted to an ever-changing reality. Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Cet article discute les fonctions et les usages du mythe en Égypte ancienne dans une perspective comparatiste et passe en revue ses applications, afin de proposer une typologie générale de ses usages – applications politiques, érudites, rituelles et médicales, incorporation dans des images, exploitation linguistique et littéraire.
[Show full text]
ROYAL STATUES Including Sphinxes
ROYAL STATUES Including sphinxes EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD Dynasties I-II Including later commemorative statues Ninutjer 800-150-900 Statuette of Ninuter seated wearing heb-sed cloak, calcite(?), formerly in G. Michaelidis colln., then in J. L. Boele van Hensbroek colln. in 1962. Simpson, W. K. in JEA 42 (1956), 45-9 figs. 1, 2 pl. iv. Send 800-160-900 Statuette of Send kneeling with vases, bronze, probably made during Dyn. XXVI, formerly in G. Posno colln. and in Paris, Hôtel Drouot, in 1883, now in Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum, 8433. Abubakr, Abd el Monem J. Untersuchungen über die ägyptischen Kronen (1937), 27 Taf. 7; Roeder, Äg. Bronzefiguren 292 [355, e] Abb. 373 Taf. 44 [f]; Wildung, Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt i, 51 [Dok. xiii. 60] Abb. iv [1]. Name, Gauthier, Livre des Rois i, 22 [vi]. See Antiquités égyptiennes ... Collection de M. Gustave Posno (1874), No. 53; Hôtel Drouot Sale Cat. May 22-6, 1883, No. 53; Stern in Zeitschrift für die gebildete Welt 3 (1883), 287; Ausf. Verz. 303; von Bissing in 2 Mitteilungen des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung xxxviii (1913), 259 n. 2 (suggests from Memphis). Not identified by texts 800-195-000 Head of royal statue, perhaps early Dyn. I, in London, Petrie Museum, 15989. Petrie in Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland xxxvi (1906), 200 pl. xix; id. Arts and Crafts 31 figs. 19, 20; id. The Revolutions of Civilisation 15 fig. 7; id. in Anc. Eg. (1915), 168 view 4; id. in Hammerton, J. A.
[Show full text]
Reading G Uide
1 Reading Guide Introduction Pharaonic Lives (most items are on map on page 10) Bodies of Water Major Regions Royal Cities Gulf of Suez Faiyum Oasis Akhetaten Sea The Levant Alexandria Nile River Libya Avaris Nile cataracts* Lower Egypt Giza Nile Delta Nubia Herakleopolis Magna Red Sea Palestine Hierakonpolis Punt Kerma *Cataracts shown as lines Sinai Memphis across Nile River Syria Sais Upper Egypt Tanis Thebes 2 Chapter 1 Pharaonic Kingship: Evolution & Ideology Myths Time Periods Significant Artifacts Predynastic Origins of Kingship: Naqada Naqada I The Narmer Palette Period Naqada II The Scorpion Macehead Writing History of Maqada III Pharaohs Old Kingdom Significant Buildings Ideology & Insignia of Middle Kingdom Kingship New Kingdom Tombs at Abydos King’s Divinity Mythology Royal Insignia Royal Names & Titles The Book of the Heavenly Atef Crown The Birth Name Cow Blue Crown (Khepresh) The Golden Horus Name The Contending of Horus Diadem (Seshed) The Horus Name & Seth Double Crown (Pa- The Nesu-Bity Name Death & Resurrection of Sekhemty) The Two Ladies Name Osiris Nemes Headdress Red Crown (Desheret) Hem Deities White Crown (Hedjet) Per-aa (The Great House) The Son of Re Horus Bull’s tail Isis Crook Osiris False beard Maat Flail Nut Rearing cobra (uraeus) Re Seth Vocabulary Divine Forces demi-god heka (divine magic) Good God (netjer netjer) hu (divine utterance) Great God (netjer aa) isfet (chaos) ka-spirit (divine energy) maat (divine order) Other Topics Ramesses II making sia (Divine knowledge) an offering to Ra Kings’ power
[Show full text]
Kush Under the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty (C. 760-656 Bc)
CHAPTER FOUR KUSH UNDER THE TWENTY-FIFTH DYNASTY (C. 760-656 BC) "(And from that time on) the southerners have been sailing northwards, the northerners southwards, to the place where His Majesty is, with every good thing of South-land and every kind of provision of North-land." 1 1. THE SOURCES 1.1. Textual evidence The names of Alara's (see Ch. 111.4.1) successor on the throne of the united kingdom of Kush, Kashta, and of Alara's and Kashta's descen dants (cf. Appendix) Piye,2 Shabaqo, Shebitqo, Taharqo,3 and Tan wetamani are recorded in Ancient History as kings of Egypt and the c. one century of their reign in Egypt is referred to as the period of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty.4 While the political and cultural history of Kush 1 DS ofTanwetamani, lines 4lf. (c. 664 BC), FHNI No. 29, trans!. R.H. Pierce. 2 In earlier literature: Piankhy; occasionally: Py. For the reading of the Kushite name as Piye: Priese 1968 24f. The name written as Pyl: W. Spiegelberg: Aus der Geschichte vom Zauberer Ne-nefer-ke-Sokar, Demotischer Papyrus Berlin 13640. in: Studies Presented to F.Ll. Griffith. London 1932 I 71-180 (Ptolemaic). 3 In this book the writing of the names Shabaqo, Shebitqo, and Taharqo (instead of the conventional Shabaka, Shebitku, Taharka/Taharqa) follows the theoretical recon struction of the Kushite name forms, cf. Priese 1978. 4 The Dynasty may also be termed "Nubian", "Ethiopian", or "Kushite". O'Connor 1983 184; Kitchen 1986 Table 4 counts to the Dynasty the rulers from Alara to Tanwetamani.
[Show full text]
Egypt and Nubia
9 Egypt and Nubia Robert Morkot THE, EGYPTIAN E,MPIRE,IN NUBIA IN THE LATE, BRONZE AGE (t.1550-l 070B CE) Introdu,ct'ion:sef-def,nit'ion an,d. the ,irnperi.ol con.cept in Egypt There can be litde doubt rhat the Egyptian pharaohs and the elite of the New I(ngdom viewed themselvesas rulers of an empire. This universal rule is clearly expressedin royal imagerv and terminology (Grimal f986). The pharaoh is styied asthe "Ruler of all that sun encircles" and from the mid-f 8th Dynasry the tides "I(ing of kings" and "Ruler of the rulers," with the variants "Lion" or "Sun of the Rulers," emphasizepharaoh's preeminence among other monarchs.The imagery of krngship is of the all-conquering heroic ruler subjecting a1lforeign lands.The lcingin human form smiteshis enemies.Or, asthe celestialconqueror in the form of the sphinx, he tramples them under foot. In the reigns of Amenhotep III and Akhenaten this imagery was exrended to the king's wife who became the conqueror of the female enemies of Egypt, appearing like her husbandin both human and sphinx forms (Morkot 1986). The appropriateter- minology also appeared; Queen Tiye became "Mistress of all women" and "Great of terror in the foreign lands." Empire, for the Egyptians,equals force - "all lands are under his feet." This metaphor is graphically expressedin the royal footstools and painted paths decorated \Mith images of bound foreign rulers, crushed by pharaoh as he walked or sar. This imagery and terminologv indicates that the Egyptian attirude to their empire was universally applied irrespective of the peoples or countries.
[Show full text]
Antiguo Oriente
ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Peftjauawybast, King of Nen-nesut: genealogy, art history, and the chronology of Late-Libyan Egypt AUTHORS Morkot, RG; James, PJ JOURNAL Antiguo Oriente DEPOSITED IN ORE 14 March 2017 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26545 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may diﬀer from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication CUADERNOS DEL CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE HISTORIA DEL ANTIGUO ORIENTE ANTIGUO ORIENTE Volumen 7 2009 Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires - Argentina Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Historia Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1500 P. B. Edificio San Alberto Magno (C1107AFD) Buenos Aires Argentina Sitio Web: www.uca.edu.ar/cehao Dirección electrónica: [email protected] Teléfono: (54-11) 4349-0200 int. 1189 Fax: (54-11) 4338-0791 Antiguo Oriente se encuentra indizada en: BiBIL, University of Lausanne, Suiza. DIALNET, Universidad de La Rioja, España. INIST, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Francia. LATINDEX, Catálogo, México. LIBRARY of CONGRESS, Washington DC, EE.UU. Núcleo Básico de Publicaciones Periódicas Científicas y Tecnológicas Argentinas (CONICET). RAMBI, Jewish National and University Library, Jerusalén, Israel. Hecho el depósito que marca la Ley 11.723 Impreso en la Argentina © 2010 UCA ISSN 1667-9202 AUTORIDADES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA ARGENTINA Rector Monseñor Dr.
[Show full text]
PERSPECTIVES on PTOLEMAIC THEBES Oi.Uchicago.Edu Ii
oi.uchicago.edu i PERSPECTIVES ON PTOLEMAIC THEBES oi.uchicago.edu ii Pre-conference warm-up at Lucky Strike in Chicago. Standing, left to right: Joseph Manning, Ian Moyer, Carolin Arlt, Sabine Albersmeier, Janet Johnson, Richard Jasnow Kneeling: Peter Dorman, Betsy Bryan oi.uchicago.edu iii O CCASIONAL PROCEEdINgS Of THE THEBAN WORkSHOP PERSPECTIVES ON PTOLEMAIC THEBES edited by Pete R F. DoRMAn and BetSy M. BRyAn Papers from the theban Workshop 2006 StuDIeS In AnCIent oRIentAL CIvILIzAtIon • nuMBeR 65 the oRIentAL InStItute oF the unIveRSIty oF ChICAgo ChICAgo • ILLInois oi.uchicago.edu iv Library of Congress Control Number: 2001012345 ISBN-10: 1-885923-85-6 ISBN-13: 978-1-885923-85-1 ISSN: 0081-7554 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 2011 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2011. Printed in the United States of America. studIeS IN ANCIeNT orIeNTAL CIvILIzATIoN • NUmBer 65 The orIeNTAL INSTITUTe of The UNIverSITy of ChICAgo Chicago • Illinois Series Editors Leslie Schramer and Thomas g. Urban Series Editors’ Acknowledgments rebecca Cain, françois gaudard, foy Scalf, and Natalie Whiting assisted in the production of this volume. Cover and Title Page Illustration Part of a cosmogonical inscription of Ptolemy vIII euergetes II at Medinet habu (Mh.B 155). Photo by J. Brett McClain Printed by McNaughton & Gunn, Saline, Michigan The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials, ANSI z39.48-1984.
[Show full text]
Ancient Egypt and Kush (4500 BC–AD 400)
FLORIDA . The Story Continues CHAPTER 4, Ancient Egypt and Kush (4500 BC–AD 400) PEOPLE 2500 BC–AD 100: The Deptford culture emerges in the northern and northwestern regions of Florida. Regional cultures developed as Florida’s people became more settled. Styles of pottery were an important regional di erence. Archaeologists use pottery to organize archaeological sites into cultural groups. e Deptford culture developed in what is now North and Northwest Florida. e culture’s pottery was charac- terized by a checked design stamped into coiled clay. Most of the people in the northwestern region lived along the coast near salt marshes and streams. e people in the northern region lived along rivers and streams. ey all shed and hunted for food. Around 100 BC the Deptford culture began burying their dead in sand mounds. e dead were buried with special items such as copper panpipes, ear spools, and decorative pottery. Copper is not native to Florida. is leads archaeologists to believe that the Deptford people engaged in trade with other cultures of the Southeast. PEOPLE c. 1000 BC: The Belle Glades culture emerges around Lake Okeechobee. e Belle Glades culture devel- oped in the grasslands around the Kissimmee River basin and Florida. .The Story Continues Lake Okeechobee in southern Florida. By about 500 BC the people were constructing mounds, circular ditches, canals, and other earthworks. Archaeologists believe that many of the See Chapter 1 earthworks were constructed to control seasonal ooding in the increasingly wet environment. e people appear to have grown corn as early as 400 BC, but the practice stopped around Photo credits: AD 500, most likely because the land became too wet.
[Show full text]
Granite Shabti of King Taharqa the British Museum from the Pyramid Of
Granite Shabti of King Taharqa The British Museum From the pyramid of Taharqa at Nuri, Nubia 25th Dynasty, 664 BC Egypt was brought partially under Kushite domination by Piye (reigned about 747-716 BC). On his commemorative stela he claims that he was acting with the blessing of the god Amun to restore order to the country. At the time, Egypt was politically divided into small areas, governed by local dynasts who often styled themselves as kings. It was the ambition of Piye and his successors to restore Egypt to greatness. Unfortunately, their intervention in political affairs in Palestine brought Egypt to the attention of the Assyrian empire. King Taharqa (690-664 BC) eventually lost Egypt to the Assyrians. The country was regained only briefly by his successor Tanutamun (664- 656 BC). The early Kushite kings were buried on beds placed on stone platforms within their pyramids. These structures were based on the pyramidia of Egyptian private tombs of the New Kingdom (about 1550-1070 BC), but the burials were entirely Kushite. Taharqa introduced more Egyptian elements to the burial, such as mummification, coffins and sarcophagi of Egyptian origin, as well as the provision of shabti figures. These figures were in the style of the Middle and New Kingdoms, the era that the Kushites considered as the height of Egyptian culture. The use of stone, an obsolete early shabti - formula and the rugged features of these large shabti are characteristic of early examples. J.H. Taylor, Egypt and Nubia (London, The British Museum Press, 1991) Source URL: http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aes/g/granite_shabti_of_king_taharqa.aspx Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/courses/arth201 Saylor.org Reposted with permission for educational use by the British Museum.
[Show full text]
Revisiting the Yoruba Ethnogenesis: a Religio- Cultural Hermeneutics of Ancient Egyptian Texts
REVISITING THE YORUBA ETHNOGENESIS: A RELIGIO- CULTURAL HERMENEUTICS OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TEXTS Emmanuel Folorunso Taiwo* & Aghedo Paul Daniel* http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/og.v11i 1.9 Abstract The ethnogenesis of the Yoruba has been a subject of various historical critical arguments in recent scholarship. Local historians and their foreign counterpart have explored different scholarly models to ascertain the origin of the Yoruba race. A sizeable number of these accounts usually explore the historical evidence from ancient Egypt. Although, such historical traditions differ from one school of thought to another, some modern historians of Yoruba descent insist that the Yoruba originated from Egypt. In recent times this development has generated debates; though, some schools of thought have argued that there are indices of religio-cultural affinity between the Yoruba and the ancient Egyptians, yet others maintain that the presence of white skinned Egyptians and the Arabs, do not seem to confirm that the Yoruba originated from Egypt. This paper seeks to explore the possibilities of an Egypto-Yoruba ethnogenesis by examining the religio-cultural elements in ancient Egyptian texts. Keywords: Ancient Egyptians, Yoruba, Ethnogenesis, religio- cultural, Ma’at Introduction There are two sources of the Yoruba ethnogenesis, which this study intends to explore; the first being the “Ifa corpus”, the Yoruba generally believe that this mystical phenomenon has records of the mysteries about the existence of the Yoruba people. Thus, it is Ifa, which can duly explain the origin of the Yoruba. Within the norm of this concept, the Yoruba believes that Olodumare; the supreme God created the universe and the gods.
[Show full text]
Life in a Multi-Cultural Society: Egypt from Cambyses to Constantine and Beyond
oi.uchicago.edu Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber LIFE IN A MULTI-CULTURAL SOCIETY: EGYPT FROM CAMBYSES TO CONSTANTINE AND BEYOND Edited by JANET H. JOHNSON THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION • No. 51 CHICAGO • ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 92-6074 1 ISBN: 0-918986-84-2 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 1992 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1992. Printed in the United States of America. Cover Illustration: Facsimile Drawing of the Central Portion of the Rosetta Stone. After Stephen Quirke and Carol Andrews, The Rosetta Stone, facsimile drawing with Introduction and Translations (London: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1988). oi.uchicago.edu CHAPTER 34 IMPLICIT MODELS OF CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION: A QUESTION OF NOSES, SOAP, AND PREJUDICE ROBERT K. RITNER The OrientalInstitute* In 1975, a study of the "Limits of Hellenization" by Arnaldo Momigliano began by noting that The philosophic historian will never stop meditating on the nose of Cleopatra. If that nose had pleased the gods as it pleased Caesar and Antony, ... we would have more books on Tutankhamen and on Alexander the Great. But a Latin-speaking Etruscologist, not a Greek-speaking Egyptologist, brought to Britain the fruits of the victory of Roman imperialism over the Hellenistic System. We must face the facts.' * Dr. Ritner now holds the position of Assistant Professor of Egyptology in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Yale University. 1. Momigliano 1975, p.
[Show full text]
Dead-Reckoning the Start of the 22Nd Dynasty: from Shoshenq V Back to Shoshenq I
Dead-reckoning the Start of the 22nd Dynasty: from Shoshenq V back to Shoshenq I Robert Morkot and Peter James Kenneth Kitchen and other Egyptologists have claimed that a 10th-century BC date for Shoshenq I (founder of the 22nd Dynasty) can be arrived at not only from a philological identification with the biblical Shishak, but from chronological ‘dead- reckoning’ backwards through the Third Intermediate Period. One problem here is: where is the fixed point from which one begins retrocalculation? Kitchen himself counts backwards from his ‘Osorkon IV’, whom he identifies with the like-named king from the Piye Stela and the Shilkanni mentioned in Assyrian records in 716 BC. Yet there is no firm evidence that such an Osorkon ‘IV’ ever existed, while there is a mounting case for a return to the position of earlier Egyptologists that the king in question was the well-attested Osorkon III, presently dated to the first quarter of the 8th century BC. Equating him with the Osorkon of Piye would require lowering the dates of Osorkon III (and the last incumbents of the 22nd Dynasty) by some 40-50 years – a position strongly supported by archaeological, art-historical and genealogical evidence. Using these later dates, dead-reckoning backwards through the Dynasty (using the Pasenhor genealogy, Apis bull records and attested rather than imaginary reign lengths) brings us to a date for Shoshenq I in the second half of the 9th century. It would place him a century later than the biblical Shishak, making the equation of the two untenable. Another candidate needs to be sought for the biblical ‘king Shishak’.
[Show full text]