DOCSLIB.ORG

Ancient Egypt ANCIENT EGYPT and EGYPTOLOGY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ancient Egypt ANCIENT EGYPT and EGYPTOLOGY Chapter 3 Ancient Egypt ANCIENT EGYPT AND EGYPTOLOGY ´ Stability and consistency in art for almost 3000 years! « Due to predictably of the Nile overflowing its banks annually, leaving black silt to fertilize fields « This cycle symbolized the creation and renewal of life, reflected in Egyptian myths. (Kleiner, p. 57) ´ The Rosetta Stone which provided the key to deciphering hieroglyphics, was discovered in 1799 by Napoleon and a troop of scholars. It had the same text in 3 sections: Greek, demotic (Late Egyptian), and Hieroglyphics. 2 ANCIENT EGYPT The Nile is a north-flowing river (due to elevation), originating in Lake Victoria and ending in the Mediterranean Sea. Thus, Upper Egypt is the upstream part of the Nile. 3 ROSETTA STONE John-Francois Champollion Ancient Egyptian writing was first adopted more than 5,000 years ago making it one of the earliest recorded written languages. Champollion published the first translation of the Rosetta Stone hieroglyphs in 1822, showing that the Egyptian writing system was a combination of phonetic and ideographic signs. Its secrets were lost to the modern world until the discovery of the Rosetta Stone - a stone carved in three languages: Egyptian, Demotic and Ancient Greek. The hieroglyphs were translated by comparing them to the Ancient Greek text and the mysteries of Egypt were finally revealed . What is the difference Hieroglyphic writing was in use from about 3200 BC until between Cuneiform and the late 4th century AD and changed very little during this Hieroglyphics? period and is very well preserved. THEME: RELIGION— TOMBS, TEMPLES, TIMELESSNESS... ´ Predynastic: 3000-2500 BCE « Palette of Narmer « Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara ´ Old Kingdom: 2575-2100 BCE « Great Pyramids at Gizeh « Sphinx « Khafre « Scribe, Married Couple, Fowling Scene of Nabumun ´ Middle Kingdom: 2040-1640 BCE « Rock Cut Tombs ´ New Kingdom: 1550-1070 BCE « Mortuary Temples: Rameses and Hatshepsut « Pylon Temples: Karnak and Luxor ´ Amarna Sty le: « Akhenaton and Nefertiti « King Tut EGYPTIAN ART ´ Egyptians left spectacular monuments , many of them to glorify the kings whom they called phhharaohs and beli eved to be divi ne, construct ed and furnished magnificent tombs to serve as their god-kings’ eternal home in the afterlife. ´ Egyptians had gods for everything « Pharaohs – ½ man and ½ god « Priest/Scribe – noble family- communication to the gods, keep gods happy ´ In the Old Kingdom, they built pyramids and the New Kingdom they built temples. FUNCTION OF ART ´ To glorify the gods – including the pharaoh and To facilitate human passage into the after-life ´ Due to general stability of Egyptian life and culture – architecture, sculpture, and painting was characterized by a high conservative adherence to traditional rules or order and form over creativity CONTEXT ´ Geographic Isolation: civilization is defendable, homogeneous cultures=continuous traditions ´ EEiconomic SSitecurity: agriiltlcultural base due to inund dtiation of the Nile=prosperity, continuity ´ Deeply Held Religious Beliefs: Pharaoh son of god, hierarchical society=stability/aversion to change ´ Hierarchical Society: Pharaoh to of “Pyramid”=collective will/avers ion to change ´ Geological Substructure: megalithic architecture, permanence ´ Belief in the Afterlife: elaborate funereal traditions, objects and tomb architecture KA EGYPT ´ Ancient Egyptians believed ´ Old Kingdom – Lower Egypt that death occurs when a – Capital Memphis, c. 2500 person's ka leaves the body. BCE, Pyramids, Symbol: ´ The ancient Papyrus Egyptians believed that ´ New Kingdom – Upper Egypt a human soul was made up – Capital Thebes c. 1500 of five parts: the Ren, theBa, BCE, Temples, Symbol: Lotus the Ka, the Sheut, and the Ib. Cue Card 3.2 Palette of King Narmer from Hierakonpolis, Egypt ca. 3,000-2,920 B.C.E. , slate approximately 25 in. high Hierarchy of Scale Composite View (or Twisted Perspective) Formalized version of an eye makeup palette Raised Relief Sculpture: commemorative PALETTE OF KING NARMER instead of funerary in nature, Predynastic period – some of the earliest hieroglyphic inscriptions and information about an Egyptian art ever found, thought by some to depict the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the king Narmer.,. On one side, the king is depicted with the red crown of Lower Egypt (northern) Egypt. Palettes were typically used for grinding cosmetics, but this palette is too large and heavy (and elaborate) to have been created for personal use and was likely a ritual or votive object, specifically made for donation to, or use in, a temple. One theory is that it was used to grind cosmetics to adorn the statues of the gods. Below the king' s feet is a third section, Palettes were used to prepare eye make depicting two naked, bearded men. – like up, which Egyptians used to protect their the prehistoric stick figures from the eyes against the glare of the sun. cave paintings, Narmer, wearing the red The large circle would have held the make crown of Lower Egypt, beheaded bodies up bu t no t in this large one, the in ter tw ine d necks of the animals would be a reference to the unification of upper and lower Egypt. Intertwined necks refer to Egypt’s uucatonification Narmer wears crown of lower Egypt, reviews the beheaded bodies of enemies Aerial view of bodies as in Paleolithic paintings Bottom register: a bull, symbolizing the king’s superhuman strength, knocks down fortress of rebellious city (also aerial view). Top register: 2 Hathors with a human faces, divine mother of Pharaoh. PALETTE OF KING NARMER (FRONT) HIERAKONPOLIS, EGYPT, PREDYNASTIC, CA. 3000–2920 BCE. SLATE, 2’ 1” HIGH. Earliest preserved artwork with name of ruler Crown of Upper Egypt Composite view figure as in Mesopotamian and Persian art Falcon with arms is Horus, protector of pharaohs Does not depict a specific event, but is a characterization of the pharaoh. PALETTE OF KING NARMER (BACK) HIERAKONPOLIS, EGYPT, PREDYNASTIC, CA. 3000–2920 BCE. SLATE, 2’ 1” HIGH. 13 Cue Card 3-4 IMHOTEP, st Pyramid of Djoser Imhotep: 1 recorded name of an artist (step pyramid) and plan Mastaba (Arabic for “bench”) rectangular brick or stone structure with sl opi ng sides over a burial chamber Cardinal Points of the compass Oldest stone structure in the world, stepped pyramid, majority of monument were dedicated to ensuring safety and happiness in the next life, mastabas originally housed single burials, later they became a complex for multiple family burials. It was enlarged at least twice The main feature, other than the burial chamber, there was a chapel which had a false door through which the Ka could join the work, some had serdab, small room housing a statue of the deceased. Imhotep, master builder for King Djoser was the first recorded name of an artist! After his death,,y they deified him as the sun g,god, RE. About 200 feet high, stepped pyramid composed of a series of mastabas of diminishing size, stacked one atop another to form a structure the resembles the Mesopotamian ziggurats. RESTORED VIEW (TOP) AND PLAN (BOTTOM) OF THE MORTUARY PRECINCT OF DJOSER, SAQQARA, EGYPT, THIRD DYNASTY, CA. 2630–2611 BCE. Priests performed daily rituals at the temple in celebration of the divine pharaoh. COLUMNAR ENTRANCE CORRIDOR TO THE MORTUARY PRECINCT OF DJOSER, SAQQARA, EGYPT, THIRD DYNASTY, CA. 2630–2611 BCE. Engaged columns Capitals Shaft s 3-6 Column entrance to Djoser 3-7 Facade of the North Palace large immense (37-acres) rectangular enclosure surrounded by a wall of limestone. - tightly regulated access. OLD KINGDOM: THE PYRAMIDS AT GIZEH ´ 75 years to build ´ Pyramid shape reflects cult of Re from Heliopolis, whose emblem was ben-ben, a pyramidal stone. ´ Symbols of the sun « Were covered in white limestone which reflected light « Temples are on the east side facing rising sun ² Priests made offerings to the god-king and stored clothing, food, and ceremonial vessels. ´ Each face oriented to a cardinal point on a compass. ´ Egyptian kings were reborn in the afterlife, as the sun is reborn each day at dawn. ´ Mummification so that the Ka, or life force can inhabit the corpse and live on. ´ Sphinx: lion with human (pharaoh’s) head, associated with sun god. Composite form combines human intelligence with strength and authority of king of beasts. 19 3-7 Great pyramids of Gizeh, Egypt Cue Card (Menkaura, Khafre, Khufu), Great Pyramids Gizeh, Egypt Pyramids of Menkaure, ca. 3, 000- 2,920 B.C.E.; Khafre, ca. 2520-2494 B.C.E.; Khufu ca. 2551-2528 B.C.E. largest (Khufu) approximately 450 ft. high limestone Cardinal points of the compass Great Pyramids, Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty The pharaohs of the Old Kingdom amassed great wealth and spent it on grandiose architectural projects. The GGtPidfreat Pyramids of Gizeh , the old est of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. The prerequisite to this elite ggproup was colossal size and enormous cost. Took 75 years for 3 Pharaohs, More refinement of the stepped pyramid, new tomb shape reflects the influence of benben -the seat of the powerful cult of Re, whose emblem was a pyramidal stone, the ben-ben, an emblem of the Egyptian god Re The Great Pyramids are symbols of the sun, The pyramids were where Egyptian kings were reborn in the afterlife, just as the sun is reborn each day at the dawn. 21 Great Pyramids, Giza Khufu Khafre Menkaure (Cheops) (Chefren) (Mycerinus) THE GREAT SPHINX (LION W/ HUMAN HEAD) ´ Sphinx was associated with the sun god—appropriate image for a pharaoh ´ Composite creature - ´ suggests the combination ´ of human intelligence with
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Presence of Myth in the Pyramid Texts
    The Presence of Myth in the qnamid Texts A thesis submitted in conformity with the nquirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Near and Middk Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto National CiBrary Bibiioth ue nationale u*m of Canada du Cana% The author has granteci a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive ticence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, Ioan, distri'btûe or sen reproduire, prêter, disbn'buer ou copies of this thesis in microfonn, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de microfiche/& de reproduction sur papier ou sur fomiat électronique. The author retains ownership ofthe L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the choit d'auteur qni protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantid exûacts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être miphés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. THE PRESENCE OF MYTH IN THE PYRAMID TEXTS Doctor of Philosophy 200 1 Jeder Elisabeth Hellum Graduate Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto The Pyramid Texts, written on the waUs of the entrance corridors, antechambers, and funerary chambers of the royal pyramids of the late Fiifth and entire Skth Dynasties, are filied with mythic statements and allusions, without using prose or poetic narrative. They hctioned as a holistic group, each distinct from the other, yet each working within the group to create a situation paraHehg the mythic, celestial worid of the afterlife.
    [Show full text]
  • Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions Et Usages Du Mythe Égyptien
    Revue de l’histoire des religions 4 | 2018 Qu’est-ce qu’un mythe égyptien ? Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Katja Goebs and John Baines Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 DOI: 10.4000/rhr.9334 ISSN: 2105-2573 Publisher Armand Colin Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2018 Number of pages: 645-681 ISBN: 978-2-200-93200-8 ISSN: 0035-1423 Electronic reference Katja Goebs and John Baines, “Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth”, Revue de l’histoire des religions [Online], 4 | 2018, Online since 01 December 2020, connection on 13 January 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/rhr.9334 Tous droits réservés KATJA GOEBS / JOHN BAINES University of Toronto / University of Oxford Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth* This article discusses functions and uses of myth in ancient Egypt as a contribution to comparative research. Applications of myth are reviewed in order to present a basic general typology of usages: from political, scholarly, ritual, and medical applications, through incorporation in images, to linguistic and literary exploitations. In its range of function and use, Egyptian myth is similar to that of other civilizations, except that written narratives appear to have developed relatively late. The many attested forms and uses underscore its flexibility, which has entailed many interpretations starting with assessments of the Osiris myth reported by Plutarch (2nd century AD). Myths conceptualize, describe, explain, and control the world, and they were adapted to an ever-changing reality. Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Cet article discute les fonctions et les usages du mythe en Égypte ancienne dans une perspective comparatiste et passe en revue ses applications, afin de proposer une typologie générale de ses usages – applications politiques, érudites, rituelles et médicales, incorporation dans des images, exploitation linguistique et littéraire.
    [Show full text]
  • PYRAMIDS and ZIGGURATS AS the ARCHITECTONIC REPRESENTATIONS of the ARCHETYPE of the COSMIC MOUNTAIN. Part I
    I Andrzej WIERCINSKI, Warszawa PYRAMIDS AND ZIGGURATS AS THE ARCHITECTONIC REPRESENTATIONS OF THE ARCHETYPE OF THE COSMIC MOUNTAIN. Part I "Is there a man of you who by anxious thought can add a cubit to the age of his life? "(The Gospel of St. Matthew, 6, 27, according to Greek text) 1. Explanation of the problem The astrobiological religion played the role of a main ideological system which regulated societies of the formative-theocratic phase of cultural development of mankind which was distinguished by the rise of cultic centers of the monumental architecture. The latter ones were the cores of early urbanisation process. This religion has precised a model of the world with well defined position of man within it, and the sense of his activities. Its essence consisted of a dynamical and informational principle of transformation of an Absolute One into pairs of polarised opposites which, in turn, create an universal frame of reference of Cardinal Points organizing the time-spatial order of rhythmically repeating and mutually synchron­ ised cosmic, biological and socio-cultural processes and, at last, the psychic processes of the human individual. All these was vivified, personificated and deified ( for the main assumtions of the model see: A. Wiercinski, 19761 ). The astrobiological model of the world and man was statically patterned in mutually equivalent, due to a symbolical analogisation, archetypical (in Jungian sense) and iconic-numerical representations. Among them, the main position has been occupied by: the Cosmic Mountain, the Cosmic Tree � Cosmic Ladder � Cosmic Pillar, the Mandala, the Cosmic Man� man as Microcosmos and, © Del documento, los autores.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Eclipses in the Outlook of the Slavs
    ics & Ae ys ro h sp p a o r c t e s T A e Prokofyev, J Astrophys Aerospace Technol 2014, 2:2 f c h o Journal of Astrophysics & n l o a DOI: 10.4172/2329-6542.1000107 l n o r g u y o J Aerospace Technology ISSN: 2329-6542 Research Article Open Access Solar Eclipses in the Outlook of the Slavs Prokofyev A* KITION Planetarium & Observatory, Kiti, Larnaca, Cyprus *Corresponding author: Alexandr Prokofyev, KITION Planetarium & Observatory, Ammochostou 9, Kiti, 7550, Larnaca, Cyprus. Tel: +357 99037440; E-mail: [email protected] Rec date: Jul 1, 2014, Acc date: Jul 26, 2014, Pub date: Aug 15, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Prokofyev A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract The article provides an overview of descriptions of total solar eclipses in different literature forms, rites and toponyms of Slavs. It is shown that the solar eclipse had a prominent role in the worldview of the tribes. Explanations of some terms of Slavic outlook are given with suggestions for the correct terminology. A program for further investigation in Slavic and other people’s culture is proposed. Keywords: Total solar eclipse; Archeoastronomy; Mythology; Slavs; Character 'Akhet' (Figure 2) should be translated as 'eclipse' instead of Akhet; Myth of creation of the world; Myth of end of the world; 'horizon'. Then the next well-known text obtains a simple explanation. Dragon slayer; Tales During the advance of the eclipse (former translation: after sunset at the horizon) Ra joins the fight against the forces of darkness, Introduction crocodiles, snakes and so on.
    [Show full text]
  • Cairo-Luxor-Aswan-Ci
    Cairo, Luxor & Aswan City Package 6 Days – 5 Nights Daily Arrivals Motorboating on the Nile, Aswan Limited to 12 participants Day 3: Cairo / Luxor to see the Temple of Isis and the Aswan High Early morning flight to Luxor; transfer to Dam. Optional extra night in Aswan is available; Tour Includes: your hotel. Morning tour the Valley of the please inquire. Overnight in Aswan. (B.L) • Flights within Egypt as per Itinerary Kings containing the secretive tombs of New Kingdom Pharaohs; enter the Tomb Day 5: Aswan / Cairo • Choice of Deluxe Hotel Plans c Return flight to Cairo. Balance of day at ai • Meals: Buffet Breakfast Daily, of Tutankhamen. Continue to the famed leisure, or take an optional tour to Abu , and R 3 Lunches. 1 Dinner on the Nile Colossi of Memnon Temple of Queen Hatshepsut. After lunch, visit the vast Simbel (See Page 23 for details). Overnight o, • All Transfers as indicated Karnak Temple-Complex, Avenue of the in Cairo. (B) l • Sightseeing with Egyptologist Guide uxo Sphinxes and the imposing Temple of Day 6: En Route by Exclusive IsramBeyond Services Luxor. Evening: Optional Sound & Light • All Entrance Fees to Sites as indicated Show at the Temple of Karnak ($75 per Transfer to the airport for your departure flight. R • Visa for Egypt (USA & Canadian person based on 2 participants, please (B) & Passports only) reserve at time of booking). (B.L) EXTEND YOUR STAY! a Day 4: Luxor / Edfu / Aswan Optional extra night in Aswan is swan Highlights: Depart Luxor driving to the Temple of Horus highly recommended; or extend • Panoramic “Cairo by Night” Tour & at Edfu, the best preserved of all large your tour to Sharm el-Sheikh on Dinner on the Nile Egyptian temples before continuing to the Red Sea, Alexandria, Jordan or c • Entrance to one of the Great Pyramids Aswan, Egypt’s southernmost city.
    [Show full text]
  • Hatshepsut: Pharaoh of Egypt
    in fact a woman. Hatshepsut was the sixth pharaoh of ancient Egypt’s eighteenth dynasty, during the time called the New Kingdom period. Ancient Egypt’s New Kingdom lasted from 1570 until 1069 B.C.E. Some Hatshepsut: Pharaoh of the best-known pharaohs ruled during this time, including Thutmose, of Egypt Amenhotep, Akhenaten, and Tutankha- mun. However, the name Hatshepsut Although the pyramids of ancient remained largely unknown for thou- Egypt have existed for thousands of sands of years. years, the study of ancient Egypt, called Hatshepsut ruled Egypt from 1473 Egyptology, began in earnest in the until 1458 B.C.E. While she is not the early 1800s. At this time, people had fi- only woman to have ever served as pha- nally learned how to read hieroglyphics, raoh, no woman ruled longer. Today, the ancient Egyptian system of pictorial most historians agree that Hatshepsut writing. Once scholars could read hi- was the most powerful and successful eroglyphics, they were able to increase female pharaoh. their knowledge of ancient Egyptian cul- Historians are unsure of Hatshepsut’s ture and history. actual birthdate. They do know that she In 1822, when reading the text in- was the oldest of two daughters born to scribed on an ancient monument, Egyp- the Egyptian king Thutmose I and to his tologists encountered a puzzling figure. queen, Ahmes. Thutmose I was a charis- This person was a pharaoh of Egypt. matic ruler and a powerful military lead- Like other Egyptian rulers, this pha- er. Hatshepsut was married to her half raoh was depicted, or shown, wearing brother, Thutmose II.
    [Show full text]
  • Mints – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY
    No. TRANSPORT PLANNING AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT MiNTS – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE MASTER PLAN FOR NATIONWIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORT 11 TRANSPORT SURVEY FINDINGS March 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. ALMEC CORPORATION EID KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL JR - 12 039 No. TRANSPORT PLANNING AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT MiNTS – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE MASTER PLAN FOR NATIONWIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORT 11 TRANSPORT SURVEY FINDINGS March 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. ALMEC CORPORATION EID KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL JR - 12 039 USD1.00 = EGP5.96 USD1.00 = JPY77.91 (Exchange rate of January 2012) MiNTS: Misr National Transport Study Technical Report 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Item Page CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 BACKGROUND...................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 THE MINTS FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................1-1 1.2.1 Study Scope and Objectives .........................................................................................................1-1
    [Show full text]
  • Egyptian Religion a Handbook
    A HANDBOOK OF EGYPTIAN RELIGION A HANDBOOK OF EGYPTIAN RELIGION BY ADOLF ERMAN WITH 130 ILLUSTRATIONS Published in tile original German edition as r handbook, by the Ge:r*rm/?'~?~~ltunf of the Berlin Imperial Morcums TRANSLATED BY A. S. GRIFFITH LONDON ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE & CO. LTD. '907 Itic~mnoCLAY B 80~8,L~~II'ED BRIIO 6Tllll&I "ILL, E.C., AY" DUN,I*Y, RUFIOLP. ; ,, . ,ill . I., . 1 / / ., l I. - ' PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION THEvolume here translated appeared originally in 1904 as one of the excellent series of handbooks which, in addition to descriptive catalogues, are ~rovidedby the Berlin Museums for the guida,nce of visitors to their great collections. The haud- book of the Egyptian Religion seemed cspecially worthy of a wide circulation. It is a survey by the founder of the modern school of Egyptology in Germany, of perhaps tile most interest- ing of all the departments of this subject. The Egyptian religion appeals to some because of its endless variety of form, and the many phases of superstition and belief that it represents ; to others because of its early recognition of a high moral principle, its elaborate conceptions of a life aftcr death, and its connection with the development of Christianity; to others again no doubt because it explains pretty things dear to the collector of antiquities, and familiar objects in museums. Professor Erman is the first to present the Egyptian religion in historical perspective; and it is surely a merit in his worlc that out of his profound knowledge of the Egyptian texts, he permits them to tell their own tale almost in their own words, either by extracts or by summaries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Season's Work at Ahnas and Beni Hasan : 1890-1891
    NYU IFA LIBRARY 3 1162 04538879 1 The Stephen Chan Library of Fine Arts NEW YORK UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES A private university in the public service INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS /^ pn h 1^ liMt^itAiMfeiii a ^ D a D D D [1 D <c:i SLJ Ua iTi ^2^ EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND SPECIAL EXTBA BEPOBT THE SEASON'vS WORK AHNAS AND BENI HASAN CONTAIXING THE REPORTS OF M. NAVILLE, Mr. PERCY E. NEWBERRT AXIi Mr. ERASER (WITH SEVEN ILLUSTRATIONS) 1890—1891 FUBLISHED BY GILBERT k RIVIXGTON, Limited ST. JOHN'S HOUSE, CLERKENWELL, LONDON, E.G. ANll SOLr> AT TUE OFFICES OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND 17, Oxford JIan-siox, Oxford Circus, Loxnox, W. 181»1 J'ri'-i' Tirii Slullini/.-: au'J Sij-iniic- The Stephen Chan Library of Fine Arts NEW YORK UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES A private university in t/ie public service INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS /d ilt^^^kftjMI IWMbftjfeJt^ll D D D ODD a a i THE SEASON'S WOEK AHNAS AND BENI HASAN. SPECIAL EXTEA EEPOET THE SEASON'S WOEK AT AHNAS AND BENI HASAN CONTAINIXG REPOETS BY M. NAVILLE, Mk. PERCY E. NEWBERRY 'I AND Me. GEORGE WILLOUGHBY ERASER WITH AN EISTOEICAL INTEODUCTION 1890—1891 PUBLISHED BY GILBEKT & EIVINGTON, LiiiiTED ST. JOHN'S HOUSE, CLERKENWELL, LONDON, E.G. AND SOLD AT THE OFFICES OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND 17, OxFOSD Mansion, Oxford Circus, London, W. 1891 TSStWm OF nSK EMS rew tOM. ONIVERSITT 7)7 A/ 3^ CONTENTS. Secretary 1 Introduction . Amelia B. Edwards, Honorary I. Excavations at Henassieh (Hanes) . Edouard Naville 5 II. The Tombs of Beni Hasan .
    [Show full text]
  • Amarna Period Down to the Opening of Sety I's Reign
    oi.uchicago.edu STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION * NO.42 THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Thomas A. Holland * Editor with the assistance of Thomas G. Urban oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber THE ROAD TO KADESH A HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE BATTLE RELIEFS OF KING SETY I AT KARNAK SECOND EDITION REVISED WILLIAM J. MURNANE THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION . NO.42 CHICAGO * ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 90-63725 ISBN: 0-918986-67-2 ISSN: 0081-7554 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 1985, 1990 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1990. Printed in the United States of America. oi.uchicago.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS List of M aps ................................ ................................. ................................. vi Preface to the Second Edition ................................................................................................. vii Preface to the First Edition ................................................................................................. ix List of Bibliographic Abbreviations ..................................... ....................... xi Chapter 1. Egypt's Relations with Hatti From the Amarna Period Down to the Opening of Sety I's Reign ...................................................................... ......................... 1 The Clash of Empires
    [Show full text]
  • House of Eternity: Tomb of Nefertari
    - - - OUSE OF ETERNITY The Tomb of Nefertari John K. McDonald The Getty Conservation Institute and the J. Paul Getty Museum Los Angeles Cover/title page: Detail a/Queen Nefertari 0/'1 the north wall of Chamber G. All photographs are by Guillermo Aldana unless credited otherwise. The Getty Conservation Institute works internationally to further the appreciation and preservation of the world's cultural heritage for the enrichment and use of present and future generations. This is the first volume in the Conservation and Cultural Heritage series, which aims to provide in a popular format information about selected culturally significant sites throughout the world. © 1996 The J. Paul Getty Trust All rights reserved Printed in Singapore Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDonald. John K. House of eternity: the tomb of Nefertari I John K. McDonald. p. cm. ISBN 0-89236-415-7 1. Nefertari. Queen. consort of Rameses II. King of Egypt-Tomb. 2. Mural painting and decoration. Egyptian. 3. Tombs-Egypt. 4. Valley of the Queens (Egypt) I. Title. DT73· v34M35 1996 932-dc20 96-24123 C1P Contents Foreword 5 Introduction Dynasties of Ancient Egypt II Nefertari: Radiant Queen A Letter from Nefertari The Queen's Titles and Epithets 19 The Valley of the Queens Ernesto Schiaparelli 25 Conveyance to Eternal Life: The Royal Tombs of Egypt Tomb Paints and Materials 33 The Tomb Builders' Village 37 After Nefertari's Burial 41 Resurrection and Recurrent Risks 47 The King of the Dead and His Divine Family Divine Guidance 55 Among the Immortals: A Walk through the "House of Eternity" The Texts in the Tomb III Conclusion 116 Acknowledgments II HOUSE OF ETER ITY an honored and < > beloved queen, still in the prime of earthly existence, set off upon a voyage to the netherworld, in quest of eternal life.
    [Show full text]
  • The Secrets of Egypt & the Nile
    the secrets of egypt & the nile 2021 - 2022 Dear Valued Guest, Egypt has captured the world’s imagination and continues to make an extraordinary impression on those who visit; and beginning in September 2021, we are delighted to take you there. While traveling along Egypt’s Nile River, you’ll be treated to a connoisseur’s discovery of this ancient civilization as only AmaWaterways can provide—with an unparalleled river cruise and land adventure that includes exquisite cuisine, beautiful accommodations, authentic excursions and extraordinary service. Your journey along the world’s longest river on board our spectacular, newly designed AmaDahlia will take you to some of Egypt’s most iconic sites. Discover ancient splendors such as the Great Hypostyle Hall of Karnak, the beguiling Temple of Luxor and the mystifying Valley of the Kings and Queens, along with exclusive access to the Tomb of Queen Nefertari. While in Cairo, you’ll stay at the 5-star Four Seasons at The First Residence, an oasis in the middle of the city, where each day, you’ll experience some of the world’s most astonishing antiquities. Come face to face with King Tut’s priceless discoveries at the Egyptian Museum, as well as the Great Sphinx and the three Pyramids of Giza, the last surviving of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; and gain private access to Cairo’s Abdeen Presidential Palace. This mesmerizing destination has entranced archaeologists and historians for generations and inspired its own field of study—Egyptology. Now it’s time for you to be entranced. We look forward to sharing Egypt with you.
    [Show full text]