Egyptian National Action Program to Combat Desertification

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Egyptian National Action Program to Combat Desertification Arab Republic of Egypt UNCCD Desert Research Center Ministry of Agriculture & Land Reclamation Egyptian National Action Program To Combat Desertification June, 2005 UNCCD Egypt Office: Mail Address: 1 Mathaf El Mataria – P.O.Box: 11753 El Mataria, Cairo, Egypt Tel: (+202) 6332352 Fax: (+202) 6332352 e-mail : [email protected] Prof. Dr. Abdel Moneim Hegazi +202 0123701410 Dr. Ahmed Abdel Ati Ahmed +202 0105146438 ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Desert Research Center (DRC) Egyptian National Action Program To Combat Desertification Editorial Board Dr. A.M.Hegazi Dr. M.Y.Afifi Dr. M.A.EL Shorbagy Dr. A.A. Elwan Dr. S. El- Demerdashe June, 2005 Contents Subject Page Introduction ………………………………………………………………….. 1 PART I 1- Physiographic Setting …………………………………………………….. 4 1.1. Location ……………………………………………………………. 4 1.2. Climate ……...………………………………………….................... 5 1.2.1. Climatic regions…………………………………….................... 5 1.2.2. Basic climatic elements …………………………….................... 5 1.2.3. Agro-ecological zones………………………………………….. 7 1.3. Water resources ……………………………………………………... 9 1.4. Soil resources ……...……………………………………………….. 11 1.5. Flora , natural vegetation and rangeland resources…………………. 14 1.6 Wildlife ……………………………………………………………... 28 1.7. Aquatic wealth ……………………………………………………... 30 1.8. Renewable energy ………………………………………………….. 30 1.8. Human resources ……………………………………………………. 32 2.2. Agriculture ……………………………………………………………… 34 2.1. Land use pattern …………………………………………………….. 34 2.2. Agriculture production ………...……………………………………. 34 2.3. Livestock, Poultry and Fishing production …………………………. 39 2.3.1. Livestock production …………………………………………… 39 2.3.2. Poultry production ……………………………………………… 40 2.3.3. Fish production………………………………………………….. 41 PART II 3. Causes, Processes and Impact of Desertification…………………………. 43 3.1. Causes of desertification ……………………………………………….. 43 Subject Page 3.2. Desertification processes ………………………………………………… 44 3.2.1. Urbanization ……………………………………………………….. 44 3.2.2. Salinization…………………………………………………………. 44 3.2.3. Pollution …………………………………………………………… 45 3.2.4. Soil fertility depletion……………………………………………… 45 3.2.5. Wind erosion ………………………………………………………. 46 3.2.6. Water erosion…………………………………………. …………... 46 3.2.7. Sand encroachment……………………………………..………….. 46 3.3. Impact of desertification …………………………………………………. 47 4. Activities to Combat Desertification……………………………………….. 50 4.1. North Coastal Areas …………………………………………..................... 50 4.1.1. Activities in the Northwest Coast…………….................................... 50 4.1.2. Activities in North Sinai Coastal Areas………………....................... 52 4.2. The Nile Valley and Delta ………………………………………………... 53 4.2.1. Legislation ……………………………………………....................... 53 4.2.2. Soil improvement activities...…………………………...................... 54 4.2.3. Conservation of land resources from pollution……………………… 54 4.2.4. Drainage improvement and conservation of water resources ………. 55 4.2.5. Afforestation in the desert fringes.……………………....................... 56 4.3. Inland Sinai and the Eastern Desert………………………………………... 56 4.4. The Western Desert, Oasis and Southern Remote Areas…………………... 57 4.5. Institutions …………………………………………………………………. 58 4.6. Legislations………………………………………………………………… 60 5- Lessons learned ………………………………………………....................... 61 6- Proposals for Desertification Assessment , Monitoring and Indicators… 64 Subject Page 6.1. Desertification assessment……………………………………………. 64 6.2. Monitoring …………………………………………………………… 64 6.3. Indicators of desertification………..……………….………………… 65 7. Constraints…………………………………………………………………… 70 PART III 8-Intervention programmes……………………………………........................ 72 8.1. General features …………………………………….………………….. 72 8.2. Programmes for combating desertification …………………………….. 73 8.2.1. Thematic programme ……………………………………………... 73 8.2.1.1. Desertification assessment and monitoring in Egypt……………………………………………………. 73 8.2.1.2. Capacity building ………………….………………………… 75 8.2.2. Programme for Irrigated Agriculture ……….….............................. 78 8.2.2.1.Irrigation improvement ……………………….. ……………... 79 8.2.2.2.The integrated irrigation management project (IIMP)…………. 81 8.2.2.3. Land improvement ………….................................................... 82 8.2.2.4. Water and land pollution control……………………………….. 83 8.2.2.5.Environmental pollution in Wadi El-Rayan Depression……………………………………………………… 85 8.2.2.6. Safe use of treated sewage water for Afforestation…………... 86 8.2.3. Programme for rehabilitation, conservation and sustainable use of range resources ….…………………................................................ 87 8.2.3.1. Artificial revegetaion of depleted ranges…..…........................... 88 82.3.2. Conservation of soil and water resources ……………………... 91 8.2.3.3. Grazing management ………………………………………….. 93 8.2.4.Programme for rainfed agriculture ……………………………... 94 8.2.4.1. Land use planning ………… …………………………… 95 Subject Page 8.2.4.2. Experimental cloud seeding under Egyptian conditions………………………………………………… 97 8.2.4.3. Improving livestock performanc………………..................... 99 8.2.4.4. Improving small ruminants production in North Sinai………………………………….…………………... 100 8.2.4..5. Soil erosion control.………………………………………. 102 8.2.5. Programme for sand dunes stabilization ………….............................. 103 8.2.5.1. Control of sand encroachment on High Dam Lake ……………... 104 8.2.5.2. Stabilization of dune sands in Siwa Oasis ……….….................... 105 8.2.5.3. Stabilization of Shifting sand dunes in North Sinai………………………………………….……………….. 106 9. Recommendations…………………………………………………….. 109 ANNEX NAP Endorsment…………………………………………………..................... 112 Contributors……………………………………………………………………. 113 List of Tables Subject Page Table (1): Land use pattern in different agro-ecological zones..……..................... 34 Table (2): Development of the cropping areas during the last 5 years (1998- 36 2002)………………………………………………………………… Table (3): Development of areas of the dominant summer crops during 5 years 37 (1998-2002)…………………………..…………………………….. Table (4): Development of areas cultivated with Nili crops during the period 37 1992-2002…………………………………………………………… Table (5): Development of areas cultivated with winter crops during the period 38 1998-2002…………………………………………………………… Table (6): Total number and rate of change of animal resources…………………. 39 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The DRC has the great honour and privilege to express deep thanks, gratitude and appreciation to H.E. Ahmed El Leithy, Minister of Agriculture and Land Reclamation for his sincere advice, support and continuous auspices to conduct the National Action Programme for Combating Desertification. Sincere thanks and deep appreciation are extended to Prof. Dr. Mohammed A. El- Kassas , Fac. Science, Cairo, University for his fruitful consultation, eminent suggestions and guidance throughout the preparation of the draft of the National Action Programme. Thanks, are also expressed to the National Coordinating Committee and to the Scientific Committee for Combating Desertification, for planning, constructive suggestions, criticisms, continuous follow up and faithful advices during the preparation of the National Action Programme. The great efforts provided by the editorial committee in preparing and finalizing the draft programme in its present form could not be neglected and deeply appreciated. Special thanks are also extended to their excellencies, the Governors of New Valley, Matruh, North Sinai, Red Sea, and Behaira Governorates and to all stakeholders from these Governorates for valuable participation and discussions in the local workshops that enriched the preparation of the National Action Programme. DRC also acknowledges all those who contributed directly or indirectly in the preparation of this manuscript. INTRODUCTION Egypt has a total area of about one million km2, under arid and hyperarid climatic conditions, of which only a small portion (3% of total area) is agriculturally productive. The country is endowed with four main agro-ecological zones having specific attributes of resource base, climatic features, terrain and geomorphic characteristics, land use patterns and socio-economic implications. Therefore, it is found appropriate to formulate a programmes comprised of subcomponents geared to address the specific attributes in each of the agro- ecological zones distinguished as follow: 1. The Nile Valley: encompassing the fertile alluvial land of Middle and Upper Egypt, the Nile Delta region and the reclaimed desert areas in the fringes of the Nile Valley. 2. North Coastal zone: including the coastal area stretching east ward from North-Western coast to North coastal area of Sinai. 3. The Inland Sinai and the Eastern Desert with their elevated southern areas. 4. The Western Desert: encompassing oases and southern remote areas, including East Uweinat, Tushka and Darb El-Arbian areas. Since significant variations in the environmental characteristics are apparent in each agro- ecological zone, the active factors and processes of desertification and their impacts are necessarily variable. Accordingly, it is not appropriate to formulate a unified programme to combat desertification in such zone. To address and focus on the varied natural attributes, priorities of actions and specific processes of desertification, sub-components of the action programme are figured out to facilitate investigation and identification of appropriate techniques, suitable -indicators, monitoring, capacity building, awareness needs, participating
Recommended publications
  • No More Hills Ahead?
    No More Hills Ahead? The Sudan’s Tortuous Ascent to Heights of Peace Emeric Rogier August 2005 NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS CLINGENDAEL CIP-Data Koninklijke bibliotheek, The Hague Rogier, Emeric No More Hills Ahead? The Sudan’s Tortuous Ascent to Heights of Peace / E. Rogier – The Hague, Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. Clingendael Security Paper No. 1 ISBN 90-5031-102-4 Language-editing by Rebecca Solheim Desk top publishing by Birgit Leiteritz Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael Clingendael Security and Conflict Programme Clingendael 7 2597 VH The Hague Phonenumber +31(0)70 - 3245384 Telefax +31(0)70 - 3282002 P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl The Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael is an independent institute for research, training and public information on international affairs. It publishes the results of its own research projects and the monthly ‘Internationale Spectator’ and offers a broad range of courses and conferences covering a wide variety of international issues. It also maintains a library and documentation centre. © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightholders. Clingendael Institute, P.O. Box 93080, 2509 AB The Hague, The Netherlands. Contents Foreword i Glossary of Abbreviations iii Executive Summary v Map of Sudan viii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 The Sudan: A State of War 5 I.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of the Family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Egypt
    Zootaxa 4410 (1): 136–146 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4410.1.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6431DC44-3F90-413E-976F-4B00CFA6CD2B New records of the family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Egypt MEDHAT I. ABUL-SOOD1 & NEVEEN S. GADALLAH2,3 1Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] 2Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In the present study, a checklist of new records of the family Chalcididae of Egypt is presented based on a total of 180 specimens collected from 24 different Egyptian localities between June 2011 and October 2016, mostly by sweeping and Malaise traps. Nineteen species as well as the subfamily Epitraninae and the genera Bucekia Steffan, Epitranus Walker, Proconura Dodd, and Tanycoryphus Cameron, are newly recorded from Egypt. A single species previously placed in the genus Hockeria is transferred to Euchalcis Dufour as E. rufula (Nikol’skaya, 1960) comb. nov. Key words: Parasitic wasps, Chalcidinae, Dirhininae, Epitraninae, Haltichellinae, new records, new combination Introduction The Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is a medium-sized family represented by more than 1500 described species in 93 genera (Aguiar et al. 2013; Noyes 2017; Abul-Sood et al. 2018). A large number of described species are classified in the genus Brachymeria Westwood (about 21%), followed by Conura Spinola (20.3%) (Noyes 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • 'Silif': Breaking the Silence on FGM Among the Beja
    Towards a New ‘Silif’: Breaking the Silence on FGM Among the Beja Pastoralists of Eastern Sudan Development Practice Series 1 Ibrahim M. G. Sahl Asha A. K. Elkarib El Mutalib Ibrahim Mohamed © 2004 Towards a New Silif, Ibrahim Sahl • Asha Elkarib • El Mutalib Ibrahim First published in July 2004 by: ACORD – Agency for Co-operation and Research in Development ACK Garden House, P.O. Box 61216 – 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Construction House, 56-64 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4JX, UK Copyright © 2004 by ACORD – Agency for Co-operation and Research in Development ISSN: 1812-1284 (print) / ISSN: 1812-1322 (online) All rights reserved 1- Development Practice Series 1 2- Towards a New Silif: Breaking the Silence on FGM among the Beja Pastoralists of Eastern Sudan 3- Authors: Ibrahim M. G. Sahl, Asha A. K. Elkarib and El Mutalib Ibrahim Mohamed 4- Key words: FGM, Circumcision, Silif,Beja, Social Exclusion, ACORD, Sudan 5- Text edited by: Simon Sossion and Sylvia Mwichuli 6- Design and layout: Creative Edge - Nairobi, Kenya 7- Printed for ACORD by: Ramco Printing Works – Nairobi, Kenya This publication is copyright, but may be duplicated or translated into other languages, especially Arabic, for non-sale purposes. However, prior permission for such uses is formally required from ACORD. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this publication are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to ACORD, to its members, or to its Board. ACORD is a UK registered charity No. 283302. It is an Africa-led organisation working in 18 countries in Africa with poor and marginalised communities against social injustice and exclusion.
    [Show full text]
  • A Window Into Paleocene to Early Eocene Depositional History in Egypt Basedoncoccolithstratigraphy
    The Dababiya Core: A window into Paleocene to Early Eocene depositional history in Egypt basedoncoccolithstratigraphy Marie-Pierre Aubry1 and Rehab Salem1,2 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, NJ 08854-8066, USA email: [email protected] 2Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt [email protected] ABSTRACT: The composite Paleocene-lower Eocene Dababiya section recovered in the Dababiya Quarry core and accessible in out- crop in the Dababiya Quarry exhibits an unexpected contrast in thickness between the Lower Eocene succession (~Esna Shales) and the Paleocene one (~Dakhla Shales and Tarawan Chalk). We investigate the significance of this contrast by reviewing calcareous nannofossil stratigraphic studies performed on sections throughout Egypt. We show that a regional pattern occurs, and distinguish six areas—Nile Valley, Eastern Desert and western Sinai, Central and eastern Sinai, northern Egypt and Western Desert. Based on patterns related to thicknesses of selected lithobiostratigraphic intervals and distribution of main stratigraphic gaps, we propose that the differences in the stratigraphic architecture between these regions result from differential latest Paleocene and Early Eocene subsidence following intense Middle to Late Paleocene tectonic activity in the Syrian Arc folds as a result of the closure of the Neo-Tethys. INTRODUCTION view of coccolithophore studies in Egypt since their inception During the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene Egypt was (1968). Coccolith-bearing sedimentary rocks as old as part of a vast epicontinental shelf at the edge of the southern Cenomanian outcrop in central Sinai (Thamed area; Bauer et al. Tethys (text-fig. 1). Bounded by the Arabian-Nubian craton to 2001; Faris and Abu Shama 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • International Selection Panel Traveler's Guide
    INTERNATIONAL SELECTION PANEL MARCH 13-15, 2019 TRAVELER’S GUIDE You are coming to EGYPT, and we are looking forward to hosting you in our country. We partnered up with Excel Travel Agency to give you special packages if you wish to travel around Egypt, or do a day tour of Cairo and Alexandria, before or after the ISP. The following packages are only suggested itineraries and are not limited to the dates and places included herein. You can tailor a trip with Excel Travel by contacting them directly (contact information on the last page). A designated contact person at the company for Endeavor guests has been already assigned to make your stay more special. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS: The Destinations • Egypt • Cairo • Journey of The Pharaohs: Luxor & Aswan • Red Sea Authentic Escape: Hurghada, Sahl Hasheesh and Sharm El Sheikh Must-See Spots in: Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, Aswan & Sharm El Sheikh Proposed One-Day Excursions Recommended Trips • Nile Cruise • Sahl Hasheesh • Sharm El Sheikh Services in Cairo • Meet & Assist, Lounges & Visa • Airport Transfer Contact Details THE DESTINATIONS EGYPT Egypt, the incredible and diverse country, has one of a few age-old civilizations and is the home of two of the ancient wonders of the world. The Ancient Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River more than 7000 years ago. It is recognizable for its temples, hieroglyphs, mummies, and above all, the Pyramids. Apart from visiting and seeing the ancient temples and artefacts of ancient Egypt, there is also a lot to see in each city. Each city in Egypt has its own charm and its own history, culture, activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Cairo-Luxor-Aswan-Ci
    Cairo, Luxor & Aswan City Package 6 Days – 5 Nights Daily Arrivals Motorboating on the Nile, Aswan Limited to 12 participants Day 3: Cairo / Luxor to see the Temple of Isis and the Aswan High Early morning flight to Luxor; transfer to Dam. Optional extra night in Aswan is available; Tour Includes: your hotel. Morning tour the Valley of the please inquire. Overnight in Aswan. (B.L) • Flights within Egypt as per Itinerary Kings containing the secretive tombs of New Kingdom Pharaohs; enter the Tomb Day 5: Aswan / Cairo • Choice of Deluxe Hotel Plans c Return flight to Cairo. Balance of day at ai • Meals: Buffet Breakfast Daily, of Tutankhamen. Continue to the famed leisure, or take an optional tour to Abu , and R 3 Lunches. 1 Dinner on the Nile Colossi of Memnon Temple of Queen Hatshepsut. After lunch, visit the vast Simbel (See Page 23 for details). Overnight o, • All Transfers as indicated Karnak Temple-Complex, Avenue of the in Cairo. (B) l • Sightseeing with Egyptologist Guide uxo Sphinxes and the imposing Temple of Day 6: En Route by Exclusive IsramBeyond Services Luxor. Evening: Optional Sound & Light • All Entrance Fees to Sites as indicated Show at the Temple of Karnak ($75 per Transfer to the airport for your departure flight. R • Visa for Egypt (USA & Canadian person based on 2 participants, please (B) & Passports only) reserve at time of booking). (B.L) EXTEND YOUR STAY! a Day 4: Luxor / Edfu / Aswan Optional extra night in Aswan is swan Highlights: Depart Luxor driving to the Temple of Horus highly recommended; or extend • Panoramic “Cairo by Night” Tour & at Edfu, the best preserved of all large your tour to Sharm el-Sheikh on Dinner on the Nile Egyptian temples before continuing to the Red Sea, Alexandria, Jordan or c • Entrance to one of the Great Pyramids Aswan, Egypt’s southernmost city.
    [Show full text]
  • Middle East Meteorology - H.M
    TROPICAL METEOROLOGY- Middle East Meteorology - H.M. Hasanean MIDDLE EAST METEOROLOGY H.M. Hasanean Meteorology Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University Keywords: Middle East Meteorology, Arid and sub arid climate, Dust storm, Climate change, Circulation systems. Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Middle East Definition 1.2 Overview of the Middle East Climate 2. Regional climate in the Middle East climate 2.1 Climate of Egypt 2.2 Climate of the Arabian Peninsula an Overview 2.3 Climate of Syria 2.4 Climate of Lebanon 2.5 Climate Jordan 2.6 Climate of Israel and Palestine 2.7 Climate of Cyprus 2.8 Climate of Iraq 2.9 Climate of Turkey 2.10 Climate of Iran 3. Dust storms over the Middle East 3.1 Types of Dust Storms 3.2 Synoptic Analysis of Dust Storms in the Middle East 4. Climate change over the Middle East climate 5. Climate change impacts on water resources in Middle East 6. Circulation systems affect the climate of the Middle East 6.1 Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on Middle Eastern Climate 6.2 Impact of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Middle East Climate 6.3 The Role of Highs Pressure (Siberian and Subtropical High Pressure) and Indian Low Pressure on Middle Eastern Climate 6.4 The roleUNESCO of Jet streams on Middle East – Climate EOLSS 7. Conclusion Acknowledgements Glossary SAMPLE CHAPTERS Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary The Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. Although much of the Middle East region has a Mediterranean climate type, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Arbor Day in South Africa Champion Trees Project How Can You Help To
    What about planting a tree? Raise awareness of South Africa’s urban and rural greening initiatives. Trees and climate change Promoting better understanding of trees, particularly indigenous trees The idea for Arbor Day originally came and fruit trees. It is now well known that global climate is changing and that it is likely to from Nebraska. When visiting the state continue changing for many years to come. Climate change brings about today one would not find evidence that Highlight the important role trees play in sustainable development and unusual weather, droughts, floods, melting of the permanent ice of the the area was once a treeless plain. the livelihoods of people and their environment . north and south poles as well as rising ocean levels. All this is the result Yes it was a lack of trees there that led of air pollution caused by human activities. to the founding of Arbor Week Encourage communities to participate in various greening activities One of the main pollutants responsible for this phenomenon is the in the 1800s. within their own surroundings. greenhouse gas Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Greenhouse gasses have the ability to trap the sun’s heat in the atmosphere and so prevent the earth Arbor Day in South Africa Furthermore, the aim is to encourage people to plant trees at various from cooling down. This is referred to as the greenhouse effect, which is places so that they are not lost to us and future generations. Indigenous important for maintaining life on earth, but which is also very dangerous Historically, South Africa did not have a culture of tree planting and it was trees are a heritage to our society.
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming Community in the Italian Ecovillage Damanhur
    Staying in the game From ‘intentional’ to ‘eco’: Transforming community in the Italian ecovillage Damanhur Amanda Jane Mallaghan From ‘intentional’ to ‘eco’: Transforming community in Damanhur Staying in the game From ‘intentional’ to ‘eco’: Transforming community in the Italian ecovillage Damanhur Amanda Jane Mallaghan 5579147 Utrecht University, 2016 Supervisor: NienKe Muurling Cover Photo: Celestrina 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 5 Chapter 1. Concepts of ‘community’ 8 1.1 The ecovillage movement; ‘renewing’ community 9 1.2 Play, Liminality and Communitas 11 Chapter 2. Being in ‘the between’ 13 2.1 Research settings and population 13 2.2 Methodology 15 2.3 Reflections on ‘the between’ 16 Chapter 3. Creating community 18 3.1 Structure 18 3.2 A ‘new’ society 23 Chapter 4. Connecting community 28 4.1Participation 29 4.2 Contribution 34 4.4 Solidarity 36 Chapter 5. Continuing community 39 5.1 Creating and connecting 39 5.2 Maintaining the balance 41 Bibliography 43 3 Acknowledgements It is here that I am to acKnowledge the various people that have helped me through this long journey. First I must thanK Damanhur, and all the people who allowed me into their world, who shared with me their stories. To Wapiti the coordinator of the new life program thanK you for organizing and planning, making sure we saw as much of Damanhur as we could. To the Porta della Luna family and the Dendera family, thank you for allowing me to stay in your homes and into your lives with such open arms. My time in Damanhur is an experience I wont forget, I am grateful to you all for that.
    [Show full text]
  • The Central Mediterranean Route: Deadlier Than Ever
    GLOBAL MIGRATION DATA ANALYSIS CENTRE DATA BRIEFING SERIES ISSN 2415-1653 │ Issue No. 3, June 2016 The Central Mediterranean route: Deadlier than ever 1 in 23 die in the Mediterranean in the first five arrivals; (b) analyse the changing routes towards the months of 2016 departure points for this dangerous sea journey into Europe; and (c) investigate how patterns and trends During the first five months of 2016, 1 in every 23 have changed during the period between January 2014 migrants has died attempting the journey across the and the end of May 2016. Central Mediterranean to Europe. This represents a drastic worsening of the death toll. Since the beginning HOW MANY MIGRANTS HAVE DIED? of 2014, the overall ratio of deaths to the number of migrant crossings has been 1 in 50. For 2015, it was Monthly totals of deaths in the Central 1 in 53. This ratio of deaths to attempted crossings Mediterranean, January 2014–May 2016 worsened further in April and May 2016 when 1 migrant died for every 17 attempted crossings. This was 5 per Figure 1 indicates the deaths and disappearances by cent of the total number of people who attempted month on each Mediterranean route. Compared to the journey across the Central Mediterranean during other routes, death while attempting to cross the these two months. These estimated figures, using the Central Mediterranean occurs at disproportionately same methodology and sources since the beginning high levels to the number of people attempting the of 2014, indicate an increasingly deadly route, despite crossing. Since 2014, 17 of every 20 migrant deaths the widespread media attention and public and policy in the Mediterranean have occurred on the Central awareness of this continuing humanitarian disaster.
    [Show full text]
  • Mints – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY
    No. TRANSPORT PLANNING AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT MiNTS – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE MASTER PLAN FOR NATIONWIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORT 11 TRANSPORT SURVEY FINDINGS March 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. ALMEC CORPORATION EID KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL JR - 12 039 No. TRANSPORT PLANNING AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT MiNTS – MISR NATIONAL TRANSPORT STUDY THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE MASTER PLAN FOR NATIONWIDE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORT 11 TRANSPORT SURVEY FINDINGS March 2012 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. ALMEC CORPORATION EID KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL JR - 12 039 USD1.00 = EGP5.96 USD1.00 = JPY77.91 (Exchange rate of January 2012) MiNTS: Misr National Transport Study Technical Report 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Item Page CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 BACKGROUND...................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 THE MINTS FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................1-1 1.2.1 Study Scope and Objectives .........................................................................................................1-1
    [Show full text]
  • ACLED) - Revised 2Nd Edition Compiled by ACCORD, 11 January 2018
    EGYPT, YEAR 2015: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) - Revised 2nd edition compiled by ACCORD, 11 January 2018 National borders: GADM, November 2015b; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015a; Hala’ib triangle and Bir Tawil: UN Cartographic Section, March 2012; Occupied Palestinian Territory border status: UN Cartographic Sec- tion, January 2004; incident data: ACLED, undated; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 Conflict incidents by category Development of conflict incidents from 2006 to 2015 category number of incidents sum of fatalities battle 314 1765 riots/protests 311 33 remote violence 309 644 violence against civilians 193 404 strategic developments 117 8 total 1244 2854 This table is based on data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project This graph is based on data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event (datasets used: ACLED, undated). Data Project (datasets used: ACLED, undated). EGYPT, YEAR 2015: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) - REVISED 2ND EDITION COMPILED BY ACCORD, 11 JANUARY 2018 LOCALIZATION OF CONFLICT INCIDENTS Note: The following list is an overview of the incident data included in the ACLED dataset. More details are available in the actual dataset (date, location data, event type, involved actors, information sources, etc.). In the following list, the names of event locations are taken from ACLED, while the administrative region names are taken from GADM data which serves as the basis for the map above. In Ad Daqahliyah, 18 incidents killing 4 people were reported. The following locations were affected: Al Mansurah, Bani Ebeid, Gamasa, Kom el Nour, Mit Salsil, Sursuq, Talkha.
    [Show full text]