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New Records of the Family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Egypt

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New Records of the Family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Egypt Zootaxa 4410 (1): 136–146 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4410.1.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6431DC44-3F90-413E-976F-4B00CFA6CD2B New records of the family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Egypt MEDHAT I. ABUL-SOOD1 & NEVEEN S. GADALLAH2,3 1Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] 2Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In the present study, a checklist of new records of the family Chalcididae of Egypt is presented based on a total of 180 specimens collected from 24 different Egyptian localities between June 2011 and October 2016, mostly by sweeping and Malaise traps. Nineteen species as well as the subfamily Epitraninae and the genera Bucekia Steffan, Epitranus Walker, Proconura Dodd, and Tanycoryphus Cameron, are newly recorded from Egypt. A single species previously placed in the genus Hockeria is transferred to Euchalcis Dufour as E. rufula (Nikol’skaya, 1960) comb. nov. Key words: Parasitic wasps, Chalcidinae, Dirhininae, Epitraninae, Haltichellinae, new records, new combination Introduction The Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is a medium-sized family represented by more than 1500 described species in 93 genera (Aguiar et al. 2013; Noyes 2017; Abul-Sood et al. 2018). A large number of described species are classified in the genus Brachymeria Westwood (about 21%), followed by Conura Spinola (20.3%) (Noyes 2017). The family is almost cosmopolitan, but has diversified mainly in tropical areas (Steffan 1958). Individuals are medium-sized (1.5‒15 mm in length), predominantly black in colour or sometimes with yellow and/or reddish markings, but rarely with metallic luster (Delvare 2017). They are mostly recognized by the following combination of features: enlarged hind femur with ventral margin toothed or serrulate; hind tibia markedly curved; mesothoracic spiracle, except Cratocentrinae, hidden; lateral panel of prepectus quite small, except Dirhinini; mesonotum strongly punctured; mesopleuron very often with completely delimited epicnemium; propodeum almost always areolate (Bouček & Halstead 1997; Narendran & van Achterberg 2016; Delvare 2017; Noyes 2017). Six subfamilies and six tribes are currently recognized in the family: Chalcidinae (Brachymeriini, Chalcidini, Phasgonophorini), Cratocentrinae, Dirhininae, Epitraninae, Haltichellinae (Haltichellini, Hybothoracini, Tropimeridini), and Smicromorphinae (Delvare 2017). Studies based on both morphological and molecular data strongly support the monophyly of the Chalcididae (Heraty et al. 2013), but the monophyly of the subfamily Chalcidinae is doubtful (Heraty et al. 2013). The previous tribe Cratocentrini was upgraded as a separate subfamily Cratocentrinae (Heraty et al. 2013; Delvare 2017). The Egyptian fauna includes elements of the Palaearctic and Afrotropical realms. Larsen (1990) divided Egypt into eight ecozones: Coastal Strip, Lower Nile Valley with its delta, Upper Nile Valley, Eastern and Western Deserts, Fayoum, Sinai Peninsula and Gabal Elba. The Nile and its large delta enable Palaearctic species to extend far southwards and also enable Afrotropical species to reach far to the north of their usual limits. The area between the Nile and the Red Sea (Eastern Desert), including the Sinai Peninsula, includes the greatest number of Afrotropical species. On the other hand, the Western Desert Oases have the Palaearctic characteristics of the Nile Valley. Gabal Elba in the extreme southwestern corner of Egypt is typically Afrotropical (Steyskal & El-Bialy 1967). Records of Chalcididae from Egypt have sometimes been included among other studies in different regions of 136 Accepted by G. Gibson: 9 Mar. 2018; published: 16 Apr. 2018 the world (e.g. Klug 1834; Radoszkowsky 1876; Masi 1944, 1951; Bouček 1952, 1956) or in studies on the biology or ecology of some species in Egypt (e.g. Kamal 1937; Awadallah et al. 1970; Youssef & Moursi 1988; El-Agoze et al. 1989a, b; Hussain et al. 1992; Ragab 1992; Badr-El Sabah et al. 2004; El-Husseini et al. 2008; Kolaib et al. 2009; Abdel-Khalek 2010; El-Fakharani & Hendawy 2014; Gadallah et al. 2014). In Egypt, Masi (1931) recorded three brachymeriine species, Brachymeria aegyptiaca Masi, B. somalica Masi and Trigonura rubens (Klug). In his monograph of the Palaearctic Brachymeria, Masi (1951) added another four species, B. ancilla Masi, B. brevicornis (Klug), B. kassalensis (Kirby), and B. obtusata (Förster). A new species of the genus Hockeria, H. aegyptiaca, was described from Ain Sukhna and El-Hamam by Masi (1936). Noyes (2017) reported 21 chalcidid species in 10 genera from Egypt. Abul-Sood et al. (2018) in their study of the Palaearctic Cratocentrinae reported three species of this subfamily from Egypt, two species in Cratocentrus Cameron and a new species of the newly recorded genus Philocentrus Steffan. The first comprehensive attempt to study the taxonomy of Chalcididae of Egypt was by Karrom (1974) as part of a thesis that was unpublished. He reported 24 chalcidid species in five subfamilies (Brachymeriinae (now tribe Brachymeriini within Chalcidinae), Chalcidinae, Epitraninae, Dirhininae and Haltichellinae) from Egypt and Syria. Some of Karrom’s data are considered to be doubtful because of the absence of some reported specimens and species from the various Egyptian insect collections, in addition to incorrect taxonomic status and incorrect identification of some species. Nevertheless, some of the newly reported species based on newly collected specimens in our present work were reported by Karrom (1974). Because they were not published they are considered as new records in the present study. In the present study, the subfamily Epitraninae, as well as four genera, Bucekia Steffan, Epitranus Walker, Proconura Dodd and Tanycoryphus Cameron, together with 19 species are reported for the first time for the Egyptian fauna. A single species previously placed in the genus Hockeria is transferred to Euchalcis Dufour as E. rufula (Nikol’skaya, 1960) comb. nov. Twenty new species that were also collected will be described as part of future work. A comprehensive catalogue/checklist of the family Chalcididae of Egypt will be compiled once these species are described. Material and methods Regular surveys of chalcidid wasps were undertaken between June 2011 and October 2016, covering various localities in Egypt (Fig. 1; Table 1). The map obtained from WIKIMEDIA COMMONS in raster format was then referenced and the localities determined by ArcGIS 9.3.1. The sampling was done using sweep nets and Malaise traps (Table 1), the most efficient of collecting methods. The collected specimens were pinned, and are deposited in the Efflatoun Bey Collection (EFC), Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University. Resources used to identify the specimens to generic level included Masi (1931), Steffan (1957), Bouček (1952, 1988), Narendran (1989), and Delvare (2017). Classification of Chalcididae in the present study follows Delvare (2017). Identification of species was made with the help of Gerard Delvare (CIRAD, Montpellier, France) during a visit by the second author to France. Most of the identifications were made by comparison with specimens and some types deposited in the CIRAD collection, in addition to the available literature and keys, such as Masi (1929, 1951), Steffan (1951), Bouček (1952, 1956), Habu (1960, 1962), Narendran (1989), Rasplus & Delvare (1996). The names of valid species are listed alphabetically within subfamilies, tribes and genera respectively. The extralimital distributions listed for each species newly recorded from Egypt are based mainly on Noyes (2017), though recent publications are also included to validate some records. Abbreviations used for the zoogeographic realms are: AF = Afrotropical, AU = Australasian, NEA = Nearctic, NEO = Neotropical, OR = Oriental, and PA = Palaearctic. The acronyms used to designate insect repositories in Egypt, following Evenhuis (2017), are: ASUA Ain Shams University collection, Cairo, Egypt. AUCE Al Azhar University collection, Cairo, Egypt BMNH British Museum of Natural History, London, England EFC Efflatoun Bey collection, Cairo University, Faculty of Science, Entomology Department, Giza, Egypt. PPDD Plant Protection collection, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt. NEW RECORDS OF THE EGYPTIAN CHALCIDIDAE Zootaxa 4410 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press · 137 TABLE 1. Collecting sites, dates and collection method for included records Collecting sites Lat/longs Dates collected Collecing method Abu Khalifa (Isamilia) 30°45'22''N, October, 2013 Sweeping 32°15'02''E Al-Alamein (Matruh) 30°49'35''N, April, 2015 Sweeping 28°57'35''E Bahariya Oasis (Giza) 28°22'13''N, June, 2013 Malaise trap 28°55'35''E Cairo 30°07'23''N, September, 1945 31°34'57''E El-Salehiya (Sharqiya) 30°39'21''N, August, 2015 Sweeping 31°52'35''E El-Qantara Sharq (Ismailia) 29°58'49''N, October, 2013; January, 2015; May, 2016 Sweeping 32°07'45''E Farafra Oasis (New Valley) 27°02'45''N, July, 2013; August, 2013 Sweeping 27°58'50''E Fayoum 29°36'39''N May, 1961 31°28'34''E Gireis (Minufiya) 30°13'29''N, August, 2015 Malaise trap 30°59'23''E Giza 20°53'45''N, September, 2014 Sweeping 30°46'51''E Kafer El-Hamam (Sharqiya) 30°38'18''N, October, 2015
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