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The North vs. South in 1861 North South Civil War (blue) (grey) (1861-1865) Union Confederates • Larger Population • Fighting on • More Industry Home turf-hard Through • More Resources to invade Advantages • Better Banking • Large Military Maps, Charts, • More Ships Tradition • More Railroads • Jefferson Davis Graphs & • Had Lincoln • Did not have • Most were young industry Pictures 40% 21 or younger • No trade Disadvantages • Lacked good agreement with military leadership other countries

Rating the North & the South Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Resources: North & the South Railroad Lines, 1860

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The Union & Confederacy in 1861 The Border States

Men Present for Duty Soldiers’ Occupations: in the Civil War North/South Combined

The Leaders of the Confederacy Leaders of the Union

V.P. Hannibal Hamlin

Pres. Abraham Lincoln

Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens V.P. Andrew Johnson

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Union Grand Strategy Overview of the North’s

1. Blockade Civil War Southern Ports Strategy: 2. Take control of the Mississippi 3. Take Richmond

South Strategy Lincoln’s Generals

Key advantage – North had to attack and defeat the south. If not, the Confederacy will become a separate nation Defending homeland Skills – hunting, horses, and they knew the land Winfield Scott European Help Joseph Hooker Irwin McDowell Ulysses S. Grant George McClellan George Meade

Ambrose Burnside

The Confederate Generals

Thomas “Stonewall” Nathan Bedford Jackson Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee

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http://video.pbs.org/video/1832507650/

Fort Sumter, SC Bull Run (Manassas), Virginia Charleston Harbor in South Carolina Confederate April 12, 1861 Victory

Supplies were low Bold and aggressive, Jackson earned the nickname "Stonewall" at Jefferson Davis this battle. His daring style earned ordered the fort to for him a reputation which daunted many Union commanders be attacked before General Irvin McDowell Advance on Manassas Junction before he supplies could reach felt his volunteer regiments were ready for it battle. Held for 34 hours before surrendering 2896 Union Johnston (in command) Beauregard 1982 Confederate

Battle of Bull Run The Battle of the Ironclads, (1st Manassas) March, 1862 July, 1861 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

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Monitor vs. Merrimack (Virginia) War in the East: 1861-1862

The Merrimack during her conversion to the Virginia

March 9, 1862

The gun turrets of The Monitor

Battle of Antietam Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 After several Southern Victories, Davis ordered Lee to attack in Maryland -Union soldiers intercept Lee’s battle plans -McClellan waited for 4 days before attacking -September 17, 1862 -More men died on this day - 6,000 dead 17,000 injured -McClellan did not follow Lincoln’s orders and was replaced by Burnside -Union victory

23,000 casualties

Emancipation in 1863

As A result of this bAttle: France and England, who were considering recognizing the CSA as a legitimate country, decided to wait. The outcome encouraged President Lincoln to work on the Emancipation Proclamation – take action against slavery

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The Famous 54th Massachusetts August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw

African-Americans Black Troops Freeing Slaves in Civil War Battles

Chancellorsville Stonewall in Virginia

Hooker lead the North Perhaps the most damaging loss to the Confederacy was the Lee for the South death of Lee's "right arm," Stonewall Jackson, who died of May 1-3, 1863 pneumonia on May 10, shortly after 3:00pm, while recuperating from his wounds. Hooker expected Lee to retreat – “Order A. P. Hill to prepare for action! Pass the infantry to the – Hooker had nearly 115,000 front! Tell Major Hawks....” Then the good General paused, smiled, – Lee had 60,000 and spoke his last words: “Let us cross over the river, and rest Lee had no intention of retreating. under the shade of the trees.” Jackson was hit by three bullets, two in the left arm and one in The Confederates suffered 14,000 casualties the right hand. The Union suffered 17,000. Chancellorsville is considered Lee's greatest victory By dividing their forces repeatedly, the massively outnumbered Confederates drove the Federal army from the battlefield

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The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

Vicksburg May – July, 1863. The Road to Gettysburg: Grant for Union (Porter for the Navy) To escape the relentless shelling, the townspeople fled to nearby hills and shoveled out caves in the hills. 1863 The Union stranglehold brought the city to its knees, including 2,500 civilians. All began to starve, resorting to eating their cattle, horses, and pets. On July 4, 1863, Pemberton was forced to surrender. Of the 35,825 dead, only 4,550 were Union. Because of this slow and horrible defeat, citizens of Vicksburg refused to celebrate the 4th of July for 81 years.

Gettysburg Casualties Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Confederate soldiers were going into town for supplies Bloodiest battle of the Civil War and is frequently cited as the war's turning point. Men on both sides showed extreme courage and determination, making it the bloodiest battle with the highest death toll. Lee’s army was allowed to retreat without immediate chase (Meade), again extending the war. This was the last battle on Union soil. Gettysburg Address delivered after this battle. Lincoln came and dedicated this battleground as a National Cemetery

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Gettysburg Gettysburg Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 -General George E. Pickett spearheaded one of the most incredible efforts in military history

-A massed infantry assault of 15,000 Confederate troops across the open field toward the Union center on Cemetery Ridge.

-One mile they marched, while being pounded by artillery and rifle fire.

-Through it all, Pickett's men reached but failed to break the Union line, and the magnificent effort ended in disaster.

-In 50 minutes, 10,000 in the assault had become casualties

Gettysburg

-Union casualties were 23,055 3,155 killed, 14,531 wounded, 5,369 captured or missing -Confederate casualties are difficult to estimate - 23,231 Gettysburg National Cemetery 4,708 killed, 12,693 wounded, 5,830 captured or missing

The Progress of War: 1861- 1864 Election 1865

Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)

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Sherman’s March to the Sea

November 15, 1864 to December 21, 1864 Presidential Union General Wiliam T. Sherman and Election about 60,000 soldiers Results: 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, 1864 Georgia Total War – stole food and livestock and burned houses and barns

Total Destruction: Sherman’s Interesting Facts about March to the Sea Sherman's March to the Sea The tactic of destroying much in an army's path is called "scorched earth". The Union soldiers would heat up rail road ties and then bend them around tree trunks. They were nicknamed "Sherman's neckties". Sherman's decisive victories are thought to have assured Abraham Lincoln's reelection as president. Sherman estimated that his army did $100m in damage and that's in 1864 dollars!

The Final Virginia Surrender at Appomattox Campaign: April 9, 1865 1864-1865

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Lee Surrenders Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865) April 2, 1865, Grant takes Richmond Lee withdraws to Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders

Lincoln: With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphan...to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.

The Assassin

John Wilkes Booth

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