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In the Baltic Republics Danjoux, Olivier L'Etat, c'est pas moi Reframing citizenship(s) in the Baltic republics Danjoux, Olivier 2002 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Danjoux, O. (2002). L'Etat, c'est pas moi: Reframing citizenship(s) in the Baltic republics. Department of Political Science, Lund University. 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LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Rygg Baksida 154 mm 20 mm Framsida 154 mm D O anjoux livier L’ETAT, C’EST PAS MOI Reframing Citizenship(s) in the Baltic Republics • L ’ETAT, C’EST PAS MOI – Reframing Citizemship(s) in the Baltic Republics intheBaltic Citizemship(s) MOI – Reframing C’EST PAS ’ETAT, L’ETAT, C’EST PAS MOI Olivier Danjoux This book speaks to readers with a particular interest in the Baltic states as well as to those with a broader interest in post-communist democratization and citizenship. Starting from the idea that citizenship is both a condition of democracy and an indicator Reframing Citizenship(s) in the Baltic Republics of the level of democracy in a given society, the author studies the extent to which theories of citizenship currently dominating political science account for the specific experience of people living in the Baltic countries. This experience is highlighted with Höjd 217 mm the help of insights drawn from linguistics and anthropology. Notably, this study argues that the current weakness of citizenship in the Baltic states is due not so much to difficulties in managing ethnic diversity (although these difficulties are real) than to more specifically political factors. These factors are linked to the ways Olivier Danjoux citizenship and political power are conceived of and exercised in these countries. Lund Political Studies 122 Department of Political Science ISBN --- Lund University, Sweden ISSN - L’ETAT, C’EST PAS MOI 1 2 L’ETAT, C’EST PAS MOI Reframing Citizenship(s) in the Baltic Republics Olivier Danjoux 3 © 2002 Olivier Danjoux ISBN 91–88306–61–5 ISSN 0460–0037 Layout by PROSE DESIGN & GRAFIK Printed by Studentlitteratur Lund 2002 Distribution: Department of Political Science Lund University Box 52 SE–22100 Lund http://www.svet.lu.se/lps/lps.html 4 This book is dedicated to the memory of Juris Podnieks. It is also dedicated to people I might not have met without him, namely Giedre Bieliauskaite, Greta Burovaite-Main- dron, Marius Sulcys (wherever he is now), Tiina Meri, Erika Sausverde, Vytas Karpus, Fabricijus Mendronaitis, Erika Ellamaa, Pascal de Rauglaudre (in memory of Paris, Illinois), Susanne Karlsson and Vytas Backis, not to forget the best pair of friends I could have dreamt of, namely Thierry Gilles and Anna Stellinger. Last but not least, I especially dedicate this book to the most precious ones of all, namely Charlotta, who knows why, and Liv, who couldn’t care less. 5 6 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Introduction: Understanding Citizenship .................................................................................................... 17 Research Problems of the Study .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Citizenship as a Theoretical Object ................................................................................................................................................ 18 Citizenship as a Normative Object ................................................................................................................................................... 19 Citizenship as an Analytical Object ................................................................................................................................................. 19 Why the Baltic States (and Why the Three of Them)? ......................................................................................... 20 Why Citizenship? ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Empirical Background: a Short Reminder ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Return to Independence ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Russian Reactions .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29 The Eyes of the World ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 32 Argument of the Thesis ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Structure of the Thesis ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 A Note on Sources ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 A Coda on Vocabulary ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 1 The Context of the Study: Meta-theoretical Perspectives on Post-communism ........................................................................................................................................................................ 47 Introduction: Who is Talking? ................................................................................................................................................................................ 47 I - The Material and Ideological Conditions of Production of Knowledge on Post-communism ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 48 A - The Knowledge-Producers .............................................................................................................................................................. 48 1 – Journalists ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 48 2 – Scholars ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 50 B – The End of History and the New Barbarians ................................................................................................ 52 7 II – The East on the Tightrope between History and Nature ................................................................. 56 A - The De-historicisation of the East ....................................................................................................................................... 56 B – To Describe and to Judge ..................................................................................................................................................................... 58 1 – The Difficulties of Description ...................................................................................................................................... 58 2 – The Pervasiveness of Judgement ................................................................................................................................ 59 C - The Diagnosis on Post-communism .............................................................................................................................. 63 1 – The Persistence of Democratic Commitment
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