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Nq9451 Workpaper No.S 711.4 nq9451 HAW Workpaper no.S .' ENVIRONMENT MAY1991 PLANNING AND EPA LIBRARY If you have any comments on this Working Paper, or would like to receive copies of the draft strategy, policies and actions being prepared for this topic in coming months, please write to: The Manager Planning and Environment City of Hawthorn 360 Burwood Road (PO Box 168) HAWTHORN Vic 3122 The closing date for comments on the Working Papers is Friday, 5 July 1991. 711.4 Hawthorn's' planning 099451 Renaissance wo~king HAW paper Wor\g)a.per no.5 This is one in a series of seven Working Papers prepared as part of the Strategy Plan process, addressing the following issues: Working Paper 1. Residential 1. Living in Hawthorn 2. Hawthorn's residential areas 3. Population 4. Housing density 5. Housing Types 2. Commercial 6. Office development 7. Shopping centres 8 . Industry . 3. Public Open Space/ 9 Public open space Major Facilities & Institutions/ 10. Major facilities and institutions Development Opportunities 11. Development opportunities 4. Transport 12. The road network 13. Land use and transport 14. Walking and cycling 15. Public transport 16. Parking 5. Environment 17. Environmental pollution 18. Waste management 6.· Heritage· 19. Urban heritage 20. Natural heritage 7. T ownscape 21. Landscape 22. Commercial townscape 23. Residential townscape 24. Main road streetscape Prepared for the Transport and Environment Topic Group: Councillor Beverly Blythe-Bailey (Chair) Councillor Nigel Kirby Councillor Barrie Martin Councillor Kenneth Hare-Brown Mr .Geoff Anson, VicRoads Mr John O'Loughlin, Community Representative Dr Mark Cooper, Community Representative Mr Tony Radford, Community Representative Ms Barbara Cordon, Community Representative Ms Susan Ross, Strategic Planner Mr John Bennie, Manager Technical Services .. PAGE NO. r 17 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 4 1}.1 THE STATE AND LOCAL LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT FOR MANAGING POLLUTION 4 17.2 THE FORMS OF POLLUTION WHICH AFFECT OUR COMMUNITY 6 18 WASTE MANAGEMENT 14 18.1 THE STATE CONTEXT 14 18.2 WASTE 16 REFERENCES 20 PAGE NO. FIGURE 18.1 15 FIGURE 18.2 17 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Environmental pollution can include air, noise and water pollution. Vehicle emissions, lise of domestic incinerators, pollution of waterways from the drainage' system and the cleanliness of Ollr . streets are issues that may need to be addressed. Possibly we should be looking at tree planting or' even establishing urban forests, as a means of contributing to cleaner air. Hawthorn residents, acting in isolation from other communities in Melboume, are unlikely to be able to reduce pollution sIgnificantly. However, there is all obligatioll Oil every local col7lmllllity to act responsibly, so that the overall quality 'of Melbourne's environment will gradually improve. A number of Councils in Melbourne have prepared strategies that address local ellvirOllmental issues in this way, covering education and encouragement as well as regulation. In what ways can we help to reduce pollution as a community, illdividually alld through the Council? THE STATE CONTEXT The Environment Protection Authority, established in 1977 under the Environment Protection Act 1971, protects Victoria's environment from pollution by controlling wastes and noise. In 1973 EPA established a licensing system for waste discharges to air, water and land. Before this there was no effective means of limiting waste discharges from industry and gross pollution was common. By the early 1980's a number of State Environment Protection Policie$ (SEPP's) had been declared for air, water and noise. These policies identify the beneficial uses of the enviro~ent which need protection and establish the quality objectives required to provide that protection. The introduction of the EPA Works Approvals in 1985 gave EPA a more direct involvement in the early planning stages of new projects. Later the Planning and Environment Act provided a more direct avenue for input into pianning decisions. The EPA is involved in all aspects of monitoring and controlling environmental pollution as follows: 4 WATER QUALITY EPA has an extensive water quality monitoring program throughout Victoria which includes sampling at fixed locations in Port Phillip Bay and the major Victorian waterways. New State Environment Protection Policies are being developed to protect Victoria's soil and groundwater. AIR QUALITY EPA has a year round air monitoring program which is very comprehensive. This data enables EPA to predict air quality under different conditions and projected emissions of pollutants. A review of the SEPP - The Air Environment is underway. One of the major components of this is a review of its liealth based objectives. In addition, a major update of Melbourne's air emissions inventory is being done. CONTAMINATED SITES Contaminated sites have become an increasingly iinportant problem for EPA and the contaminated sites register was released early in 1990. WASTE MANAGEMENT As part of the comprehensive approach EPA is taking to waste management in Victoria a draft SEPP - The siting and management of land fills was released for public comment. in 1989. This policy is to eradicate the enviroQJDental problems usually associated with, the "local tip" and increase the opportunities for the community to recycle its wastes. NOISE EPA is working on strategies to control noise from motor sports, shooting ranges, helicopters and road traffic in addition to vibration from blasting activities. The SEPP - Control of Music Noise from Public Premises was gazetted late last year and it provides protection to people in their own homes from loud entertainment noise from public venues. The EPA is also developing a ~EPP to control noise from road traffIc. 5 MOTo'R VEHICLES EPA has an enforcement program to address the issues associated with air and noise pollution from motor vehicles. Infringement notices and prosecutions are used as part of this program. THE LOCAL CONTEXT Local Governments also have an important role to play in localised pollution control and waste collection. Sections of the Local Government Act, which have now come into operation, specify the functions of Councils, which include: • general public services including flre prevention and fire protection, and • any function relating to the peace, order and good government of the municipal district including environment control, protection and conservation Any local law caD be made with respect to these functions, providing: • it is not inconsistent with any state legislation, and • the Council's intention of making or revising a local law is advertised and public comments sought and considered Hawthorn City Council has a numb~r of By-laws (local laws) aimed at reducing pollution, namely: • By-law 236 which restricts the use of incinerators and backyard burning. • By-law 235 prevents construction on Saturday afternoons imd Sundays to minimise noise pollution and inconvenience ( AIR POLLUTION Air pollution and its effects on h~an health are well researched, even to the stage that many countries have objectives for various pollutants that should not b~ exceeded, so as to protect the health of the population. Air pollutants at high concentrations cause various, health effects, mainly respiratory problems. The major "human made" air pollutants come from industry, motor vehicles and domestic and other sources. 6 The primary pollutants nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons from secondary air pollutants including ozone and nitrogen dioxide, occur mainly during the summer season. Periods of adverse meteorological conditions, such as light winds enable the accumulation of air pollutants. MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS Motor vehicles contribute a major proportion of the overall emissions into Melbourne's atmosphere. Motor vehicle emissions are controlled by Australian Design Rules (ADR) for vehicles. Compliance of ADR's is necessary before a vehicle can be registered. New and used vehicles are randomly checked by the EPA in Victoria. (VicRoads, 1990) hi respect of pollution from car exhausts there are two areas which should be addressed: • Decrease the use of and dependence on cars It is expected that by the late 1990's concerns about pollution will have significantly altered the community perception of car travel, and this change in attitude will have resulted in greater acceptance of alternatives. Further encouragement of alternative means of transport can be done at the local level as discussed in the Transport Working Papers. • Reduce motor vehicle emissions - Further" strict adherence to Australian Design Rules(ADR's) for motor vehicles has resulted in a significant reductio!l in vehicle emissions as well as the removal of lead from fuel. Campaigns such as the "Smoky Vehicles Campaign" assist in reducing emissions." Use of smaller vehicles can help to control emissions on a large level. Attacking the pollution problem at its source (the vehicle) will provide significant benefits, however if the number of vehicles keeps increasing, small changes in emission standards for new vehicles will only contain the pollution problem for a few years. SMOG Smog is a type of ail pollution and is caused by emissions from industry, motor vehicles, incinerators and open burning, accumulating under certain meteorological conditions. 7 The EPA has developed a smog alert system to forecast smog days. To reduce the level of smog on these days, motorists are requested to refrain from using cars unnecessarily and to properly maintain their vehicles. The public are also asked not to burn off or light incinerators. If an alternative source of heating is available residents are asked nof to use solid fuel heaters. In summer, the main problem is photochemical smog. Winter episodes are characterised by poor visibility due to airborne particles. INCINERATORS Smoke from backyard burning, whether in the open or in an incinerator, is a significant contributor to poor air quality in the greater Melbourne area as well as creating health hazards. It contributes about 45% of the total airborne particles in smog experienced dl,lring the late summer, autumn and early winter. (EPA, 1989) .. Prior to November 1989, Councils only had the ability to restrict and control backyard incineration and open' burning.
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