Recommendation of the Executive Director and assessment of cultural heritage significance under Division 3 of the Heritage Act 2017

Name Residence Location 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn, Hermes Number 198648 Heritage Overlay Number No Heritage Overlay

11 Majore Street (October 2017)

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR RECOMMENDATION TO THE HERITAGE COUNCIL: • That the place NOT be included in the Victorian Heritage Register under s.37(1)(b) of the Heritage Act 2017. • The Heritage Council may wish to consider exercising its powers under s.49(1)(c) of the Heritage Act 2017 to refer the recommendation to the City of Boroondara for inclusion in the local Heritage Overlay.

STEVEN AVERY Executive Director Recommendation Date: Friday 17 November 2017

This recommendation report has been issued by the Executive Director, Heritage under s.37 of the Heritage Act 2017. It has not been considered or endorsed by the Heritage Council of Victoria.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 1 EXTENT OF NOMINATION

Date that the nomination was accepted by the Executive Director 1 February 2016

Written extent of nomination All of the place known as 11 Majore Street Hawthorn.

Nomination extent diagram

Nominated extent is indicated by green line

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 2 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR RESPONSE SUMMARY It is the view of the Executive Director that this place should not be included in the Victorian Heritage Register for the reasons outlined in this report. The information presented in this report and the attached documents demonstrates that 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn may be of potential local significance, rather than State level significance. Heritage Council may wish to refer the recommendation and submissions to the relevant planning authority for consideration for an amendment to a planning scheme; or determine that it is more appropriate for steps to be taken under the Planning and Environment Act 1987 or by any other means to protect or conserve the place.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 3 RECOMMENDATION REASONS

REASONS FOR NOT RECOMMENDING INCLUSION IN THE VICTORIAN HERITAGE REGISTER [37(1)(b)] Following is the Executive Director's assessment of the place against the tests set out in The Victorian Heritage Register Criteria and Thresholds Guidelines (2014).

CRITERION A Importance to the course, or pattern, of Victoria’s cultural history.

STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION A The place/object has a CLEAR ASSOCIATION with an event, phase, period, process, function, movement, custom or way of life in Victoria’s cultural history. Plus The association of the place/object to the event, phase, etc IS EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object and/or in documentary resources or oral history. Plus The EVENT, PHASE, etc is of HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE, having made a strong or influential contribution to Victoria.

Executive Director’s Response 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn has an association with the rapid development of ’s eastern suburbs during the building boom of the 1880s which contributed to the growth and development of Victoria. It is representative of the numerous villas and small mansions within garden settings which were established in Hawthorn and other eastern suburbs during this period. The association is evident in the physical fabric of the place and in documentary resources.

Criterion A is likely to be satisfied.

STEP 2: A BASIC TEST FOR DETERMINING STATE LEVEL SIGNIFICANCE FOR CRITERION A The place/object allows the clear association with the event, phase etc. of historical importance to be UNDERSTOOD BETTER THAN MOST OTHER PLACES OR OBJECTS IN VICTORIA WITH SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME ASSOCIATION.

Executive Director’s Response 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn is one of many Italianate villas constructed in Melbourne suburbs and in Victoria during the 1880s. It has no particular features or associations which distinguish it or elevate it above similar places built in the eastern suburbs during this period. It does not allow the clear association with this phase to be understood any better than a number of similar places in Victoria, including Kawarau in Hawthorn (VHR 489), and Villa Alba (VHR 0605) and Raheen in Kew (VHR H0515). Criterion A is not likely to be satisfied at the State level.

CRITERION B Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of Victoria’s cultural history.

STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION B The place/object has a clear ASSOCIATION with an event, phase, period, process, function, movement, custom or way of life of importance in Victoria’s cultural history.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 4 Plus The association of the place/object to the event, phase, etc IS EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object and/or in documentary resources or oral history. Plus The place/object is RARE OR UNCOMMON, being one of a small number of places/objects remaining that demonstrates the important event, phase etc. OR The place/object is RARE OR UNCOMMON, containing unusual features of note that were not widely replicated OR The existence of the class of place/object that demonstrates the important event, phase etc is ENDANGERED to the point of rarity due to threats and pressures on such places/objects.

Executive Director’s Response 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn does not possess uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of Victoria’s cultural history. A substantial number of Italianate villas survive as evidence of the rapid growth of Melbourne’s eastern suburbs in the 1880s, and as examples of the Italianate style of architecture.

Criterion B is not likely to be satisfied.

CRITERION C Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Victoria’s cultural history.

STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION C The: • visible physical fabric; &/or • documentary evidence; &/or • oral history, relating to the place/object indicates a likelihood that the place/object contains PHYSICAL EVIDENCE of historical interest that is NOT CURRENTLY VISIBLE OR UNDERSTOOD. Plus From what we know of the place/object, the physical evidence is likely to be of an INTEGRITY and/or CONDITION that it COULD YIELD INFORMATION through detailed investigation.

Executive Director’s Response 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn does not have the potential to yield information that is not currently visible or understood (such as archaeological information) that will contribute to an understanding of Victoria’s cultural history. Criterion C is not likely to be satisfied.

CRITERION D Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places and objects.

STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION D The place/object is one of a CLASS of places/objects that has a clear ASSOCIATION with an event, phase, period, process, function, movement, important person(s), custom or way of life in Victoria’s history. Plus

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 5 The EVENT, PHASE, etc is of HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE, having made a strong or influential contribution to Victoria. Plus The principal characteristics of the class are EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object.

Executive Director’s Response 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn is part of the class of ‘nineteenth century villas’. This class has a clear association with the development of Melbourne’s eastern suburbs including Hawthorn, Camberwell and Kew, and with the evolution and development of Victoria’s built environment more generally. 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn displays characteristics typical of this class of place including an asymmetrical front elevation, verandahs and polychromatic brickwork, although the front elevation has been painted. Criterion D is likely to be satisfied.

STEP 2: A BASIC TEST FOR DETERMINING STATE LEVEL SIGNIFICANCE FOR CRITERION D The place/object is a NOTABLE EXAMPLE of the class in Victoria (refer to Reference Tool D).

Executive Director’s Response 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn is not a notable example of this class of place in Victoria. It is not highly intact and is not fine, influential or pivotal. 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn is one of a number of Italianate villas designed in the 1880s, many of which are more distinctive and display more of the characteristics of the style. Notable examples included in the VHR include Kawarau, Hawthorn (VHR 489), and Villa Alba (VHR 0605) and Raheen (VHR H0515) Kew. Places similar to 11 Majore Street not in the VHR but with heritage overlays include Norwood (HO 432), 62 Barkers Road (HO5) and Huntingtower (HO31), all in Hawthorn. Criterion D is not likely to be satisfied at the State level. CRITERION E Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics.

STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION E The PHYSICAL FABRIC of the place/object clearly exhibits particular aesthetic characteristics.

Executive Director’s Response The physical fabric of 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn exhibits particular aesthetic characteristics through its nineteenth century design, polychromatic brickwork and its deep frontage to Majore Street.

Criterion E is likely to be satisfied.

STEP 2: A BASIC TEST FOR DETERMINING STATE LEVEL SIGNIFICANCE FOR CRITERION E The aesthetic characteristics are APPRECIATED OR VALUED by the wider community or an appropriately- related discipline as evidenced, for example, by: • critical recognition of the aesthetic characteristics of the place/object within a relevant art, design, architectural or related discipline as an outstanding example within Victoria; or • wide public acknowledgement of exceptional merit in Victoria in medium such as songs, poetry, literature, painting, sculpture, publications, print media etc. Executive Director’s Response The particular aesthetic characteristics of 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn are appreciated by the community, however there has been no critical recognition of the aesthetic characteristics of the place within a relevant discipline, or wide public acknowledgement of exceptional merit in any medium.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 6

Criterion E is not likely to be satisfied at the State level.

CRITERION F Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.

STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION F The place/object contains PHYSICAL EVIDENCE that clearly demonstrates creative or technical ACHIEVEMENT for the time in which it was created. Plus The physical evidence demonstrates a HIGH DEGREE OF INTEGRITY.

Executive Director’s Response 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn contains no physical evidence that clearly demonstrates creative or technical achievement for the time in which it was created. The building materials and methods are typical of the period and of the architectural style.

Criterion F is not likely to be satisfied.

CRITERION G Strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. This includes the significance of a place to indigenous people as part of their continuing and developing cultural traditions.

STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION G Evidence exists of a DIRECT ASSOCIATION between the place/object and a PARTICULAR COMMUNITY OR CULTURAL GROUP. (For the purpose of these guidelines, ‘COMMUNITY or CULTURAL GROUP’ is defined as a sizable group of persons who share a common and long-standing interest or identity). Plus The ASSOCIATION between the place/object and the community or cultural group is STRONG OR SPECIAL, as evidenced by the regular or long-term use of/engagement with the place/object or the enduring ceremonial, ritual, commemorative, spiritual or celebratory use of the place/object.

Executive Director’s Response There is no direct association between 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn and a particular community or cultural group.

Criterion G is not likely to be satisfied. CRITERION H Special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in Victoria’s history.

STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION H The place/object has a DIRECT ASSOCIATION with a person or group of persons who have made a strong or influential CONTRIBUTION to the course of Victoria’s history. Plus The ASSOCIATION of the place/object to the person(s) IS EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object and/or in documentary resources and/or oral history.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 7 Plus The ASSOCIATION: • directly relates to ACHIEVEMENTS of the person(s) at, or relating to, the place/object; or • relates to an enduring and/or close INTERACTION between the person(s) and the place/object.

Executive Director’s Response 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn does not have special associations with the life or works of any person or group of persons who have made a strong or influential contribution to the course of Victoria’s history.

Criterion H is not likely to be satisfied.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 8 ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE [s.34A(2)(d)] 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn is of cultural heritage significance as a good and intact example of an Italianate villa constructed in Hawthorn in the 1880s, but not at the State level.

RELEVANT INFORMATION Local Government Authority City of Boroondara Heritage Overlay No Heritage Overlay Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register No Other Listings No

Comments Heritage Victoria staff were unable to gain access to the grounds or interior of 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn. Physical assessment took place from the street.

HISTORY In 1838 Robert Hoddle surveyed the Parish of Boroondara, which included the suburb of Hawthorn. The first land sales occurred in the 1840s and due to its close proximity to the city, it was settled earlier than other eastern suburbs. The construction of a bridge across the and the establishment of the Hawthorn Railway Station in 1861 encouraged further development. During the 1880s building boom, many villas and small mansions set in large gardens were constructed throughout Hawthorn and the surrounding suburbs, occupied by business and professional men and their families.

The land on which 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn is located was privately owned by 1846 and was initially part of the area known as Burwood Park. By the late 1850s, a tannery was located nearby on the river bank and Robert Flockhart, noted as a tanner in his death notice, was the first resident in the immediate area. Further subdivision took place around 1886 when Majore Street was made. In the same year, the existing two storeyed brick residence was constructed for William Cowper. The proportions and decorative elements of the projecting bay differ from the rest of the house and it is possible that it was added at a later date, before 1895. William Cowper was a shipowner and shipping agent with business premises in William Street, Melbourne. He was a member of the Harbour Trust, the Marine Board, and the Metropolitan Board of Works and was also a member of the Borough of Hawthorn Council for 25 years, serving as Mayor in 1885 and 1886. By 1887, when his wife died, William Cowper and his family were living at ‘Katoomba’ in Harcourt Street, Hawthorn, but it appears that 11 Majore Street remained in family ownership until 1967 when it was sold. 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn changed ownership again in 1975 and the same owners occupied the place until 2016 when it was purchased by the current owners.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS Architectural style name: Italianate villa Construction started date: 1886 Construction ended date: 1886

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn fronts Majore Street, with a bluestone laneway forming the southern boundary. The property is surrounded by a modern timber fence and the residence is set back from the street front, with a curved driveway and gardens in front. The residence itself is a large two-storey building of polychrome brickwork with a slate roof and two rendered chimneys. The front elevation is asymmetrical in design with a projecting bay over two storeys on the northern side and a verandah with a decorative

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 9 balustrade (possibly aluminium) to the upper level on the northern side. The front elevation has been painted and additions in polychrome brickwork to match the 1886 section have been added to the rear of the building, probably in the 1980s.

INTEGRITY/INTACTNESS Intactness – The intactness of the place is fair. The residence has extensive additions at the rear and the verandah (and possibly the projecting bay) to the front has been modified or added at a later date. The polychrome brickwork to the front elevation has been painted. It is possible that some of the fixtures and fittings are reproductions. (October 2017).

Integrity – The integrity of the place is fair although it is difficult to determine whether some elements are original or reproduction. The cultural heritage values of the place can be read in the extant fabric. The interior was not inspected. (October 2017).

CONDITION The place is in good condition and from an external inspection beyond the boundary fence, appears to be well maintained.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 10 COMPARISONS Italianate villas in the VHR

Kawarau (VHR 489) 405 Tooronga Road, Hawthorn Kawarau is of historic and architectural significance to the State of Victoria. It is an Italianate mansion originally known as Warrington and was built for Robert Robinson, a Melbourne grain merchant in 1893 at the time of the bank crash and economic depression. The design of the original house has been attributed to Francis Coote, of the architectural practise Beswick and Coote. The house was acquired by Frederick Cato, of the retailing firm Moran and Cato in 1904 who commissioned the architectural firm Ussher and Kemp to undertake extensions, including a billiard room. Kawarau is of historical importance through its ability to demonstrate the wealth amassed by Melbourne merchants in the late nineteenth century, and their demise following the economic depression of the 1890s. The former mansion is also of historical significance for its association with philanthropist Frederick Cato and his retailing firm Moran and Cato. Kawarau is architecturally important as the grandest of a small group of Italianate mansions and possesses one of the most extensive and complete collections of Edwardian plasterwork in Victoria. It also incorporates the widest known assemblage of decorative art nouveau fibrous plaster and timber work. Kawarau is important as a rare example of Francis Coote’s work and as the most intact surviving example of the work of Ussher and Kemp, one of the most important practitioners in Victoria in the Edwardian period.

Kawarau (VHR 489)

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 11 Toorak House (VHR H0207) 21 St Georges Road, Toorak Toorak House is of historical and architectural significance to the State of Victoria. It was built c. 1850-51 for wealthy Melbourne merchant James Jackson, who died before he occupied the house. It was then leased to the Victorian government, who extended and redecorated it for use as the home the Governor. It served as Government House until 1876, when the new Government House was completed. Toorak House was one of the first Italianate houses in the colony, and as the home of the Governor it lent status to the style and had great influence on the houses built by the new rich after the gold rushes. The house reverted to being a private residence in 1876, and was subsequently used as a Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force hostel during World War II and as a church and community centre by the Swedish Church. Toorak House is of historical significance as one of the oldest surviving mansion houses in the State and as the first substantial Government House in Victoria. The house remains as evidence of the early years of the expansion of Melbourne on the south bank of the Yarra River. Toorak House is of architectural significance as one of the first examples in Victoria, and the most influential, of the Italianate style, which became Melbourne's most popular domestic style in the nineteenth century. It is also of significance for its association with the important early architect James Blackburn.

Toorak House (VHR H0207)

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 12 Raheen, Kew (VHR H0515) 96 Studley Park Road Kew Raheen is of historic and architectural significance to the State of Victoria. Raheen was constructed in 1870 with an extension added in 1884. It is of historic importance for its association with two of Melbourne¹s elite businessmen, Edward Latham and Sir Henry Wrixon, and illustrates not only the importance of the brewery business and the legal profession in nineteenth century Melbourne, but also the importance of the private residence as an indicator of success and status. The place is of historic importance through its association with the Catholic Church and illustrates the status sought by church hierarchy for Melbourne¹s Catholics and the Church prior to the mid-twentieth century. It is also historically important as the official residence of Archbishop Daniel Mannix who played a significant role within the Melbourne Archdiocese, and also in Australian politics particularly during the Conscription debates of the First World War. Raheen is architecturally important in exhibiting an unusual integration of features in the combination of red brick and cement rendering. The house is architecturally important in exhibiting notable design and aesthetic characteristics of the Italianate style, as well as in internal features and garden design.

Raheen, Kew (VHR H0515)

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 13 Villa Alba, Kew (VHR 0605) 44 Walmer Street, Kew Villa Alba is of architectural, historic, social and aesthetic significant to the State of Victoria. It is thought to have been constructed prior to 1863, but was substantially remodelled and enlarged c. 1882-83 for William Greenlaw, Manager of the Colonial Bank of Australasia. Villa Alba is significant for its unusual architectural style, but more importantly, for the outstanding late Victorian painted decoration throughout its interior. The consistently high standard of design, execution, technique and execution all contribute to the significance. The decorative scheme is also of significance as a fine example of the work of the leading Melbourne decorators, Paterson Brothers. The property is of social significance for its association with William Greenlaw during his most prosperous and prominent years.

Villa Alba, Kew(VHR 0605), exterior (left) painted ceiling (right)

SUMMARY OF COMPARISONS The Italianate villas included in the VHR are all notable examples of the Italianate style of architecture. They are also significant for their association with people who have made strong or influential contributions to the course of Victoria’s history, including businessmen, philanthropists, architects and decorators. In comparison, while 11 Majore Street, Hawthorn is a large nineteenth century residence within a large garden setting, it is not a notable example of the Italianate style and has no known association with a person or group of persons who have made a strong or influential contribution to the course of Victoria’s history.

KEY REFERENCES USED TO PREPARE ASSESSMENT Broome, Richard et al (2016) Remembering Melbourne , 1850 – 1960, Royal Historical Society of Victoria Inc.

Gould, Meredith (1993) Hawthorn Heritage Study

Lovell Chen 2009 Review of C* Grade Buildings in the Former City of Hawthorn 2014 Kew and Hawthorn, further heritage investigations – assessment of significant sites

Peel, V; Zion D; Yule, J (1993) A History of Hawthorn, Melbourne University Press in association with the City of Hawthorn.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 14 ADDITIONAL IMAGES

2017, Location of 11 Majore Street Hawthorn.

2017, View from Majore Street. 2017, View from side lane looking towards Majore Street, showing the 1886 section on the right and the later additions on the left.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 15

2016, Front view of residence. 2016, Rear view of residence. Source: Real estate advertising. Source: Real estate advertising.

2016, Interior view. 2016, Interior view. Source: Real estate advertising. Source: Real estate advertising.

2016, Bathroom. 2016, Kitchen (on 1st floor). Source: Real estate advertising. Source: Real estate advertising.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 16

1901, MMBW plan, the arrow indicates No. 11.

1895, MMBW plan.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 17

1866, The red dotted line indicates the future location of Majore Street, and the red dot indicates the approximate future location of No. 11. The death notice describes Mr Flockhart as ‘tanner’ and his address as Yarra Street, indicated with an arrow.

Name:11 Majore Street, Hawthorn Hermes Number: 198648 Page | 18