DOCSLIB.ORG

Left Hand Left Behind

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Left Hand Left Behind Britt-Marie Thuren Left Hand Left Behind The Changing Gender System of a Barrio in Valencia, Spain Left Hand Left Behind Left eft ehind The Changing Gender System of a Barrio in Valencia, Spain. Britt-Marie Thuren Stockholms Studies in Social Anthropology 1988 Left Hand Left Behind The changing gender system of a barrio in Valencia, Spain. Doctoral dissertation Stockholm Studies in Social Anthropology, 22. © Britt-Marie Thuren 1988 Cover by Juaco LOpez Photos by author unless otherwise indicated. Drawings by Juaco LOpez. Department of Social Anthropology University of Stockholm S-106 91 Stockholm All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the author. ISBN 91-7146-711-4 Produktion Nalkas Boken For1ag For Jaime and Joaquin 1939 politics: "The work of women in the revolution was a supporting mission, not a directive mission, because the latter penains only to men. ( ... ) The most valuable contribution a woman can make to the future is to return to the bosom of the family and avoid discussions in bad taste and the public exhibitions that are not fitting for women." Pilar Primo de Rivera, director of the Women's Section (Secci6n Femenina) of the Falange. Quote from Scanlon in Garcia de Lean 1982. (My translation) 1986 sociology: "That is why I doubt if the Renaissance really existed: the Humanism and the Modernism of the Golden Century shone scarcely in what its great ideologues thought about women. ( ... ) One could even doubt if the Ancien Regime is over, even today. (... ) For many women access to educated reason, the construction of a world to their measure, the freedom to interpret themselves without foreign obediences and all the conquests that the Renaissance symbolizes for men and that never existed for women, are beginning to become possible only now. The Renaissance, with all its promises and discords, begins now." Maria Angeles Duran, director of the Seminar for Women's Studies at the Universidad Autanoma de Madrid, 1986b:30. (My translation.) 1980 Valencian progressivity: "Cross-cutting words, or about communication between progressives: There is only one thing as detestable as the habit of some women to blame hardly­ machista males for the things that the very-machistas have done to them. And it is, you guessed it, the masculine habit of blaming feminist women for what non­ feminist women do." Josep-Vicent Marques, Valencian all-purpose progressive, in the progressive magazine El Viejo Topo, nr 10,1980: 12. (My translation.) CONTENTS Acknowledgements.............................................................. 1 A.PROBLEMS 1. The changing gender system of Benituria......................... 3 2. Changes in Spain..................................................... 11 3. More food and more adultery....................................... 26 4. The tools............................. ... ............. ........ ... ....... 34 B. PEOPLE 5. Dimensions of experience. .......................................... 46 6. Ideal types: from self-sacrifice to self-realization................... 62 7. Real women: from the village to the nudist beach. ............... 77 C. PLACES 8. The barrio as space. ................................................. 103 9. Women's public contexts. .......................................... 107 10. Associations as public fora......................................... 123 11. Creating new female contexts. 137 D.CHANGE 12. Progress as a cultural construction ................................. 149 13. Divided Benituria - a midsummer night example ................. 159 14. Progressivity and gender ........................................... 162 15. The reconstruction of motherhood ................................ 168 E. WORDS 16. From statements to ideas............................................ 177 17. Gender themes....................................................... 185 18. Themes of interaction ............................................... 212 19. Two gender words in context. ..................................... 224 F. PROCESS 20. Conflicts. .. .......................................................... 231 21. Contradictions. ..................................................... 244 22. Conclusions ........................................................... 262 APPENDIXES A. Fieldwork. ............................................................ 272 B. Student assistant interviews ......................................... 278 C. Questionnaire. ........................................................ 283 NOTES ............................................................................ 294 REFERENCES .................................................................... 308 INDEX ............................................................................. 326 1 Acknowledgements How can I thank everyone who has given intellectual stimulus, emotional support and practical help over a period of six years? I would like to mention all my friends and colleagues, and of course my family, not to speak of twenty-five thousand Beniturians. Inevitably, some categories of helpers and supporters have to receive my gratitude collectively. First of all, special thanks to about fifty Beniturians who gave time and energy to very long interviews and to many others who answered my questions in other kinds of situations. Even more special thanks go to the people who have given their permission for long excerpts of their stories to be published. Their real names must remain hidden, but Carmen, Asun, Vicenta, MaryMar, E1vira, Marisa and Paco know who they are and that my gratitude is deep and sincere. If anyone else from Benituria should think that they recognize themselves, they should know that this is coincidence. To all those who introduced me to someone else, to all those who brought me documents and anecdotes, to all those who tried to understand what I was doing and commented on my "conclusions" ... to all the members of the Women's Group and the Neighborhood Association who accepted me into their midst... ty my closest neighbors who got more than their share of my curiosity ... to those who became true friends ... to so many Beniturians, my gratitude is for ever. Jose Armenteros agreed to take a couple of rolls of photographs when I had run out of project money and despaired over my own talents as a photographer. Juaco Lopez did a few drawings for the same reason. Julia Arjona and Carmen Pascual gave me everything they thought I needed. In Valencia but outside Benituria, I would like to mention the Association of Separated Women, the importance of which I hope comes out in the text. Thanks also to Joan B. Llinares for having a very good idea (see Appendix B) and to thirty-four of his students (first year students of psychology at the­ University of Valencia during the course 1982-83), whose efforts considerably broadened my material. Joan F.Mira, Josep-Vicent Marques, the Servei de la 2 Dona, the Federation of Neighborhood Associations of I 'Borta, and many other individuals and institutions provided valuable information. Outside Valencia, there were also many fruitful encounters. There were feminist congresses, courses and groups all over Spain. The anthropological seminar of Esperanza Molina and the sociological one of Jesus Ibanez, both in Madrid, were fora where some of the ideas of this book were first tried out. On the Swedish horizon, there were al~o many contributors. Naturally I take the full responsibility for my arguments, but it is not easy to know the exact origin of each idea. An academic product is a collective product, and there are more co-authors than I can mention. Tomas Gerholm was my advisor at an early stage, and later Ulf Hannerz made his way through mountains of pages with loose ideas as well as several versions of the thesis text. Other colleagues have read and commented for the sake of friendship. My appreciation to Kristina Bohman, Don Kulick and Irene Svensson, and most especially to Eva Evers Rosander. Fieldwork in Valencia was conducted on a grant from the Swedish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences, HSFR. And behind it all is the family, just like in Benituria. My mother and my sister have a strange faith in me, without which I would never even have dared to start out on the road towards a doctorate, and without their practical help there was no way I could have completed it. It is impossible to thank my sons for what they have meant to me. Children do not give on purpose, they just happen to be the greatest wonder in life. I hope they will some day be able to forgive me for not having baked as many cookies as other mothers, and that their daughters, if they get any, will not have to choose between self-mutilation and chronic guilt feelings. For these reasons, this book about women is dedicated to two young men who have had to experience directly the fact that patriarchy is not such a good deal for men, either. Stockholm, November 1988 Britt-Marie Thuren 3 PART A: PROBLEMS Chapter 1. The changing gender system of Benituria. a. Left hand and other kinds of power. This book is about gender: what society does with the biological fact of sex. The biological fact is a rather small thing. Men and women are different from each other but "not as different as day and night, earth and sky, yin and yang, life and death. In fact, from the standpoint of nature, men and women are closer to each other than either is to anything else - for instance mountains, kangaroos or coconut palms." (Rubin
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Democracy and European Emerging Values: the Right to Decide
    DEMOCRACY AND EUROPEAN EMERGING VALUES: THE RIGHT TO DECIDE COORDINATED BY GERARD BONA LANGUAGE REVIEW BY EMYR GRUFFYDD CENTRE MAURITS COPPIETERS 2015 Contents Foreword 6 Introduction 8 LAKE OR RIVER 14 THE POLITICAL CARTOONING OF CORNISH SELF-DETERMINATION 22 SELF-DETERMINATION AND WALES 44 TOWARDS SOVEREIGN FAROE ISLANDS 54 ABOUT TRANSYLVANIA 62 THE UDBYOUTH : HOW TO BE YOUNG, BRETON AND LEFT-WING WITHOUT AUTONOMY? 72 THE AUTONOMY GENERATION 80 SELF-DETERMINATION AND THE SILESIAN ISSUE 84 THE VALENCIAN COUNTRY AND THE RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION 96 LIBERTY FOR BAVARIA 106 SOVEREIGNTY TO BUILD A GALIZA WITH THE PROMISE OF WORK AND A FUTURE FOR OUR YOUNG PEOPLE 112 “UNTIL ECONOMIC POWER IS IN THE HANDS OF THE PEOPLE, THEN THEIR CULTURE, GAELIC OR ENGLISH, WILL BE DESTROYED” 124 FLANDERS: ON THE ROAD TO BELGIAN STATE REFORM NUMBER 7 132 THE RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN THE CATALAN COUNTRIES: 146 THE RIGHT TO DECIDE OF THREE COUNTRIES AND THEIR NATION This publication is financed with the support of the European Parliament (EP). THE MORAVIAN RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION 154 The EP is not responsible for any use made of the content of this publication. The editor of the publication is the sole person liable. THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE SELF-DETERMINATION PROCESS OF ARTSAKH 164 This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. THE YOUTH, PIONEERS IN THE SELF-DETERMINATION OF SOUTH TYROL? 178 This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information CENTRE MAURITS COPPIETERS 188 contained therein.
    [Show full text]
  • Hamilton Dissertation
    Lake Effects Transnational History and the Making of a Valencian Landscape By Sarah R. Hamilton A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2013 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Dario Gaggio, Co-Chair Associate Professor Douglas Northrop, Co-Chair Professor Gabrielle Hecht Adjunct Professor Richard Tucker If the Albufera is not cared for it will disappear, but its disappearance will not cause anything else to happen. There will not be any geological cataclysm; nor any sort of catastrophe, or anything like that. Moreover, the physical destiny of the Albufera is that it will disappear. The lake, abandoned to itself, with no sort of attacks upon it or any efforts to care for it, is irretrievably condemned to disappearance. But this is the fate of any historical or artistic monument. Every building, for example, is condemned to disappearance, just as the construction of extinguished civilizations disappeared, and just as little by little the castles, chapels and monasteries lost in the Spanish geography are disappearing, important victims of carelessness, theft, and hooliganism. Restoration work is undertaken in order to alleviate this inexorable fate as much as possible. This is why any monument or work of economic or cultural interest is object of a permanent guarding and conservation that will allow such legacies of our parents to pass to our children. There is no explanation, then, for the abandonment and pillage that an area of scenic and cultural interest such as the Albufera has undergone. We have a responsibility to our descendants that this patrimony is not lost; that the cultural wealth of the Albufera, in the broadest sense of the word, passes intact to the generations to come.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Issue Plurinationality, Federalism and Sovereignty in Spain
    Annual Review 2 2017 2017 2 ― Journal on Culture, Power and Society Power ― Journal on Culture, Annual Review Special Issue Plurinationality, Federalism and Sovereignty in Spain: at the Crossroads Contributions Igor Calzada; Rafael Castelló; Germà Bel; Toni Rodon and Marc Sanjaume-Calvet; Mariano M. Zamorano; Luis Moreno Special Issue Cultural changes at university institutions: agentification and quality management Contributions Martí Parellada and Montserrat Álvarez; Manuel Pereira-Puga; Javier Paricio; Juan Arturo Rubio; ENG Cristina Sin, Orlanda Tavares and Alberto Amaral; ISSN: 0212-0585 Antonio Ariño; Andrea Moreno and Tatiana Sapena €6.00 Miscellaneous DEBATS — Journal on Culture, Power and Society Annual Review 2 2017 Annual Review, 2 2017 President of the Valencia Provincial Council [Diputació de València] Jorge Rodríguez Gramage Deputy for Culture Xavier Rius i Torres Director of The Institution of Alfonso The Magnanimous: The Valencian Centre for Research and Investigation (IAM–CVEI) [Institut Alfons el Magnànim. Centre Valencià d’Estudis i d’Investigació] Vicent Flor The opinions expressed in papers and other texts published in Debats. Revista de cultura, poder i societat [Debates. Journal on Culture, Power, and Society] are the sole responsibility of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the views ofDebats or IAM–CVEI/the Valencia Provincial Board. The authors undertake to abide by the Journal’s ethical rules and to only submit their own original work, and agree not to send the same manuscripts to other journals and to declare any conflicts of interest that may result from these manuscripts or articles. While Debats does its utmost to ensure good practices in the journal and to detect any bad practices and plagiarism, it shall not be held liable in any way, shape, or form for any disputes that may arise concerning the authorship of the articles and/or papers it publishes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Big Caucasus: Consequences of the 'Five Day War', Threats And
    XENOP SERGEY MARKEDONOV H ON PA Clashes over borders and identities within the independent post-Soviet states of the Caucasus PE R no have been an inevitable consequence of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Their subsequent no7 development and the prospects for resolution or resumption of the ethno-political conflicts have been shaped by the political trajectories of the states involved as well as the profound transformation of the geopolitical dynamics that have taken place during the last years in the region. The war of August 2008 between the Russian Federation and Georgia marked this ongoing process of the decomposition of the post-World War II global construct while sending, THE BIG CAUCASUS: CONSEQUENCES OF THE “FIVE DAY WAR”, THREATS AND POLITICAL PROSPECTS at the same time, a strong signal to regional and extra-regional actors concerning the security XENOPHON PAPER processes affecting stability in the Caucasus. Sergey Markedonov, a prescient analyst of the Caucasus, assesses in this Xenophon Paper the 7 possible implications of the August 2008 “five day war”. He initiates a discussion on the region’s “unfreezing of the conflicts” and provides an in-depth description of the existent non-recognised THE BIG CAUCASUS state entities and the other ethno-political conflicts with which the Caucasus is ridden. The author also explores the perspectives of major regional and extra-regional stakeholders in the area and the ambitious policies they deploy at the moment. In the twilight zone between war and peace, CONSEQUENCES OF THE the author sheds some light on the most recent developments taking place in the Caucasus region, by explaining both the dynamics leading up to the “five day war” and the significance that it has in the re-shaping of the political and security realities in the “Big Caucasus”.
    [Show full text]
  • HÖFER, Karel. 2012. Valencian Identity, Language and Language Policy . the Annual of Language & Politics and Politics of Id
    HÖFER, Karel. 2012. Valencian Identity, Language and Language Policy . The Annual of Language & Politics and Politics of Identity, Vol. VI./2012 Reviewed journal ALPPI is published by Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. www.alppi.eu Valencian Identity, Language and Language Policy Karel Höfer1 Abstract: The general aim of this paper is to analyze Valencian language policy and Valencian language itself. Specifically it means, whether there are certain specific features in the Valencia region that distinguish it from the other Spanish regions, including a specific regional identity, language and other attributes. This issue is examined from broader historical, institutional, identitical, linguistic and political angles. Particular emphasis is placed on the Spanish decentralization process and on the specifics of the Valencian history, identity, politics and language. Key words: Valencian community, Valencian region, Valencian identity, Valencian language, Valencian language policy, Spanish language policy Introduction The field of language policy is a rapidly expanding discipline of social sciences. It is an interdisciplinary field at the boundary of political science, sociology, ethnology and linguistics. Language policy, unlike many other disciplines of social science, allows the application of its findings, derived from research into practical policies, which increases both its usefulness and attractiveness. Language policy deserves more attention, because it is an important aspect of everyday life, which directly affects all individuals, and affects the future of entire communities. Language policy is closely linked with decentralization processes in many countries. Decentralization is accompanied with the processes of integration, at least in the European area. The integration process takes place for example in the field of economics and politics within the European Union or for example the Council of Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • 976 Subpart H—Procedures Subpart I—Paperwork Reduction
    § 598.801 31 CFR Ch. V (7–1–03 Edition) Subpart H—Procedures APPENDICES TO CHAPTER V NOTES: The alphabetical lists below pro- § 598.801 Procedures. vide the following information (to the extent known) concerning blocked persons, spe- For license application procedures cially designated nationals, specially des- and procedures relating to amend- ignated terrorists, foreign terrorist organiza- ments, modifications, or revocations of tions, specially designated narcotics traf- licenses; administrative decisions; fickers and blocked vessels: rulemaking; and requests for docu- 1. For blocked individuals: name and title ments pursuant to the Privacy Act (5 (known aliases), address, (other identifying information), (the notation ‘‘individual’’), U.S.C. 552a), see part 501, subpart D of [sanctions program under which the indi- this chapter. vidual is blocked]. 2. For blocked entities: name (known § 598.802 Availability of information former or alternate names), address, [sanc- pursuant to the Freedom of Infor- tions program under which the entity is mation Act. blocked]. 3. For blocked vessels: name, sanctions Any record or information obtained program under which the vessel is blocked, or created in the implementation of registration of vessel, type, size in dead this part is not subject to disclosure weight and/or gross tons, call sign, vessel under section 552(a)(3) of the Freedom owner, and alternate names. of Information Act. Information re- 4. Abbreviations. ‘‘a.k.a.’’ means ‘‘also quired to be made available to the pub- known as’’; ‘‘f.k.a.’’ means ‘‘formerly known as’’; ‘‘n.k.a.’’ means ‘‘now known as’’; ‘‘DOB’’ lic under other provisions of the Free- means ‘‘date of birth’’; ‘‘DWT’’ means dom of Information Act (5 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Uti Possidetis Juris
    Faculty of Law University of Helsinki FROM KOSOVO TO CRIMEA The Legal Legacies of the Socialist Federal Dissolutions Tero Lundstedt ACADEMIC DISSERTATION Doctoral dissertation to be presented for public examination, by due permission of the Faculty of Law at the University of Helsinki in Porthania Hall P674, on the 1st of August, 2020 at 12 o’clock Helsinki 2020 ISBN 978-951-51-6371-4 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-6372-1 (PDF) Unigrafia Helsinki 2020 ii Acknowledgements When it comes to speeches, I am a man of few words, so I will try to keep it short here as well. It has been a long journey to this place, and it would not have been possible without the contributions of many key people. First, I need to thank my supervisors Jan Klabbers and Jarna Petman. Throughout the years, their invaluable comments have made me a better legal and academic writer. They have always been ready to read my texts, listen to my ideas, and to write all those recommendation letters. My humblest of thanks to both of you, dear supervisors! Next in line is my ‘unofficial supervisor’ Lauri Hannikainen, with whom I shared an office at the Erik Castrén Institute (ECI) for most of the years I was working with the PhD. Lauri has contributed greatly to my work and his influence is certainly reflected in this dissertation. In addition, as we share many common research interests, it has been a great pleasure to cooperate with him on several common projects. Thank you for all these years, Lauri! I was honored to have James Summers to agree to act as an opponent in the public examination on 1 August.
    [Show full text]
  • SHAPING of a NATION: CATALAN HISTORY and HISTORICITY in POST-FRANCO SPAIN by Yolaine Cultiaux
    SHAPING OF A NATION: CATALAN HISTORY AND HISTORICITY IN POST-FRANCO SPAIN by Yolaine Cultiaux INTRODUCTION The aim of this article is to provide fuel for the current debate on the meaning of the concept of collective identity and, in particular, the idea of ‘living together’ or national identity. In order to focus our analysis, we may begin by considering that the notion of identity - collective and more particularly national identity - is a problematical one and rather ineffective as a means of explaining certain social phenomena. By adopting this stance, our position is immediately set at a remove from that of the media and the political arena, where this idea causes a great stir in that it is presented as an evidence. On the contrary, for us, the question of identity is not a starting point but something which has to be questioned . In fact, it seems more useful to deal not with identity per se but with the processes of identification and the construction of an identity that is attained as a result of working towards that goal. In doing so, on the scientific plane, the primordialist model is rejected and particular value is placed upon nationalism, the ideological matrix of national identity. From this point onwards, special interest is accorded to the world of ideas and the efficiency of symbolical representations of the nation. An etymological detour will shed some light on this idea. For example, it would appear useful to recall that symbols were originally ‘a single object divided in two. The holders passed each part on to their children.
    [Show full text]
  • Organizzazioni Mondiali]
    1 1 [ORGANIZZAZIONI MONDIALI] Commento. Le bandiere cosiddette internazionali sono quelle il 2 cui messaggio è indirizzato alle platee più vaste. Alcune possono essere definite mondiali, perché appartenenti a tutto, o quasi, il genere umano. La loro simbologia richiama concetti universali. Quella delle Nazioni Unite mostra il globo terrestre circondato da rami di ulivo: è notoriamente una bandiera di pace sebbene spesso portata da soldati in armi e molti per essa siano sono caduti. I cinque cerchi colorati sulla bandiera olimpica annunciano che lo sport è di tutti, senza differenza alcuna (purtroppo in teoria: i soldi fanno sempre più la differenza) e la Croce Rossa, o gli altri simboli ad essa collegati, hanno, o dovrebbero avere, le strade aperte ovunque c’è sofferenza. Messaggi dunque da tutti facilmente comprensibili, spesso contraddittori, che l’umanità indirizza a se stessa. Nazioni Unite, United Nations, Nations Unies, Vereinte Nationen, ONU, UN, UNO, dal 1947 Il 24 ottobre 1945, con l’entrata in vigore dello statuto, nasceva l’Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite, aperta in linea di principio a tutti gli stati e finalizzata al mantenimento della pace e della sicurezza e alla cooperazione in campo economico, culturale e sociale. Gli stati membri erano 50 nel 1945; a tutto settembre 2002, dopo l'entrata della Svizzera (10.9.02) e di Timor Est (27.10.02), erano 191. Il carattere universale dell’organizzazione è ben rappresentato dall’emblema, adottato ufficialmente il 7 dicembre 1946, raffigurante una proiezione del globo terrestre centrata sul polo nord, ove sono visibili tutte le terre emerse, tranne l’Antartide. I rami d’olivo simboleggiano la pace.
    [Show full text]
  • The Balkan Mega-Ethnos National Doctrines of Macedonia’S Neighbours
    The Balkan Mega-ethnos National Doctrines of Macedonia’s neighbours By Dimitar Mirchev (Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov) The Balkan Mega-ethnos National Doctrines of Macedonia’s neighbours Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2015 by Dimitar Mirchev & Risto Stefov e-Book Edition ****** January 7, 2015 ****** 2 Contents THE BALKAN MEGA-ETHNOS - National Doctrines of Macedonia’s neighbours ....................................................................6 Foreword: Balkan Mega-Ethnos – From Ethno-Romanticism to Ethno-Violence ..................................................................................8 1. Introduction and Background.....................................................8 2. Issues in the Balkans ................................................................14 3. Appearances and stereotypes ...................................................17 4. Counterpoint and development ................................................21 5. Transition tangle ......................................................................28 6. A theoretical approach to a nation ...........................................32 7. Use of
    [Show full text]
  • The Big Caucasus. Consequences of the "Five Day War"
    XENOP SERGEY MARKEDONOV H ON PA Clashes over borders and identities within the independent post-Soviet states of the Caucasus PE R no have been an inevitable consequence of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Their subsequent no7 development and the prospects for resolution or resumption of the ethno-political conflicts have been shaped by the political trajectories of the states involved as well as the profound transformation of the geopolitical dynamics that have taken place during the last years in the region. The war of August 2008 between the Russian Federation and Georgia marked this ongoing process of the decomposition of the post-World War II global construct while sending, THE BIG CAUCASUS: CONSEQUENCES OF THE “FIVE DAY WAR”, THREATS AND POLITICAL PROSPECTS at the same time, a strong signal to regional and extra-regional actors concerning the security XENOPHON PAPER processes affecting stability in the Caucasus. Sergey Markedonov, a prescient analyst of the Caucasus, assesses in this Xenophon Paper the 7 possible implications of the August 2008 “five day war”. He initiates a discussion on the region’s “unfreezing of the conflicts” and provides an in-depth description of the existent non-recognised THE BIG CAUCASUS state entities and the other ethno-political conflicts with which the Caucasus is ridden. The author also explores the perspectives of major regional and extra-regional stakeholders in the area and the ambitious policies they deploy at the moment. In the twilight zone between war and peace, CONSEQUENCES OF THE the author sheds some light on the most recent developments taking place in the Caucasus region, by explaining both the dynamics leading up to the “five day war” and the significance that it has in the re-shaping of the political and security realities in the “Big Caucasus”.
    [Show full text]
  • Specific Flag Days
    Specific flag days Country/Territory/Continent Date Details Afghanistan August 19 Independence day, 1919. Albania November 28 Independence day, 1912. Anniversary of the death of Manuel Belgrano, who created the Argentina June 20 current flag. Aruba March 18 Flag day. Adoption of the national flag on March 18, 1976. Australian National Flag Day commemorates the first flying of Australia September 3 the Australian National Flag in 1901. State Flag Day, was officially established in 2009, for the Azerbaijan November 9 commemoration of the adoption of the Flag of Azerbaijan on November 9, 1918. Åland Last Sunday of April Commemorates adoption of the Åland flag Flag Day in Bolivia. Commemorates of the creation of the first August 17 Bolivia national flag. Brazil November 19 Flag Day in Brazil; adopted in 1889 Canada National Flag of Canada Day commemorates adoption of the February 15 Canadian flag, Feb. 15, 1965. January 21[4][5] Québec Flag Day (French: Jour du Drapeau) commemorates Quebec the first flying of the flag of Quebec, January 21, 1948. July 20 Declaration of Independence (1810) (Celebrated as National Colombia August 7 Day); Battle of Boyaca (1819) Dia di Bandera ("Day of the Flag"). Adoption of the national July 2 Curaçao flag on 2 July 1984. Anniversary of the Battle of Valdemar in 1219 in Lyndanisse, Estonia, where according to legend, the ("Dannebrog") fell Denmark June 15 from the sky. It is also the anniversary of the return of North Slesvig in 1920 to Denmark following the post-World War I plebiscite. "Day of the National Flag" ("Dia de la Bandera Nacional").
    [Show full text]