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The Balkan Mega-Ethnos National Doctrines of Macedonia’S Neighbours

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The Balkan Mega-Ethnos National Doctrines of Macedonia’S Neighbours The Balkan Mega-ethnos National Doctrines of Macedonia’s neighbours By Dimitar Mirchev (Translated from Macedonian to English and edited by Risto Stefov) The Balkan Mega-ethnos National Doctrines of Macedonia’s neighbours Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2015 by Dimitar Mirchev & Risto Stefov e-Book Edition ****** January 7, 2015 ****** 2 Contents THE BALKAN MEGA-ETHNOS - National Doctrines of Macedonia’s neighbours ....................................................................6 Foreword: Balkan Mega-Ethnos – From Ethno-Romanticism to Ethno-Violence ..................................................................................8 1. Introduction and Background.....................................................8 2. Issues in the Balkans ................................................................14 3. Appearances and stereotypes ...................................................17 4. Counterpoint and development ................................................21 5. Transition tangle ......................................................................28 6. A theoretical approach to a nation ...........................................32 7. Use of theory and history .........................................................45 8. The Albanian national doctrine................................................51 9. The Bulgarian doctrine.............................................................58 10. The Greek doctrine.................................................................62 11. The Serbian doctrine ..............................................................68 12. Analysis and diagnosis...........................................................77 13. The Mega-Ethnos...................................................................86 Sources and references.................................................................90 Albanian Academy of Sciences - Platform for Resolving the Albanian National Question - “Shkenca” (Science) Publishing house, Tirana, October 1998. ...........................................................96 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................96 Platform for Resolving the Albanian National Question.................99 History of the national question...................................................99 Fragmentation of ethnic territories.............................................103 Denial of the right to self-determination....................................108 Further fragmentation of ethnic territories.................................114 Proclamation of the Republic of Kosovo...................................118 The road to resolution ................................................................120 The Kosovo Question.................................................................124 The Albanian Question in Macedonia .......................................128 Conclusion .................................................................................130 Published by the Albanian Academy of Sciences, Republic of Albania - Challenges to Democracy in Multiethnic States ............132 Introduction................................................................................132 Yugoslavia .................................................................................134 Kosova .......................................................................................135 The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)........136 3 BULGARIANS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY..............142 1. ESSENCE OF THE BULGARIAN NATIONAL DOCTRINE “BULGARIA IN THE 21ST CENTURY” .................................143 2. THEORETICAL BASIS (TERMS AND PRINCIPLES) OF THE BULGARIAN NATIONAL DOCTRINE ........................143 1. ETHNICITY, NATIONALITY, NATION............................144 2. The Bulgarian nation..............................................................145 3. BULGARIAN NATIONALISM ...........................................151 4. BULGARIAN NATIONAL INTERESTS ............................186 BULGARIAN NATIONAL DOCTRINE. Part Two ....................189 5.1. DETERMINING THE BULGARIAN ETHNIC TERRITORY AND ITS ETHNO-CULTURAL SPACE..........189 5.2. BULGARIANS IN THE WORLD - GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS .........190 THE BULGARIAN STRATEGY .............................................195 BULGARIAN POLITICS TOWARDS THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA ...........................................................................197 1. BASIC ELEMENTS ..............................................................198 2. Action Plan.............................................................................207 THE MACEDONIAN QUESTION - REVIEW OF ATTEMPTS TO CREATE AN ARTIFICIAL NATION..........................................214 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................214 “THE MACEDONIAN QUESTION” TODAY ........................214 SHORT SUMMARY OF THE MACEDONIAN QUESTION.216 1. THE GREEK IDENTITY OF MACEDONIA: HISTORICAL OBVIOUSNESS ........................................................................217 2. Conflicts between national movements in the XIX century ..220 The Greek-Bulgarian conflict ....................................................221 The Romanians and Vlachs........................................................222 3. “THE MACEDONIAN STRUGGLE” ..................................223 4. FABRICATING A NATIONALITY.....................................225 SKOPJE’S THEORETICAL ALCHEMY.................................227 2. WHEN MAPS REVEAL THE TRUTH................................228 3. THE GREEK CHARACTER OF THE SLAVO-PHONES ..230 4. FIRST ATTEMPTS AT “SCIENTIFICALLY” ESTABLISHING A NON-EXISTENT NATION.....................232 5. DOES A “MACEDONIAN” LANGUAGE EXIST? ............234 6. EXPANSIONIST “SELECTED PIECES” ............................236 7. THE SKOPJE PSEUDO-MACEDONIAN CHURCH..........238 4 8. IS THERE A “MACEDONIAN” MINORITY IN GREECE? ....................................................................................................239 SOURCES:.................................................................................240 SKOPJE IN SEARCH OF IDENTITY AND INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION ............................................................................242 SKOPJE IN SEARCH OF AN IDENTITY AND INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION...........................................253 SANU MEMORANDUM..............................................................270 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................270 SANU MEMORANDUM (2)....................................................271 SERBIA AND THE SERBIAN PEOPLE’S POSITION ..........274 IDEOLOGY OF SERBIAN NATIONALISM ..............................297 10. Serbian Macedonia...............................................................297 a) Slavic settlements in Macedonia............................................299 b) Macedonia at the time of Tsar Samoil...................................300 c) Decades of rebellious turmoil ................................................302 d) Serbian liberation of Macedonia............................................307 14. Artificial construct of the Macedonian nation .....................311 e) The Macedonian Question .....................................................313 THE SERBIAN STATE IN THE PROGRAMS OF THE POLITICAL PARTIES OF SERBIA TO THE DAYTON ACCORD ........................................................................................................322 THE BALKAN MEGA-ETHNOS -National doctrines of Macedonian neighbors ...................................................................331 A Summary ................................................................................331 5 THE BALKAN MEGA-ETHNOS - National Doctrines of Macedonia’s neighbours NOTE: At first, when I started working on this paper, my wish was that this subject did not exist, that the national doctrines of our neighbours had simply not been written. I wished that these doctrines, which have been collected, as well as those from the older generation, simply did not exist. I thought that the Balkans and particularly Macedonia would be much happier without them. Yet, realistically, they are part of the objective positions of Macedonia’s neighbours and, like it or not, they are well shaped. And thus they could not be denied. No matter how subjectively, nationally and ethnically biased they are, they influence policy and relations in the Balkans, and still not resolved, they are current in the relations between Macedonia’s neighbours and will probably continue to be that way. And us such, I took on the task to research and critically look at them. I simply could not resist the temptation not to do it. And this is the result of my contribution. The essence here is to understand that relations in the Balkans and around Macedonia do not occur randomly and spontaneously. They have their genesis, social history and social development base. They have their own motives, actors, promoters, supporters and formulations. And understanding all these complexities can help crystallize relationships,
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