3012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 2 . By Mr. VINSON of Kentucky: A bill (H. ·R. 1i.552) grant- Administration for the fiscal year ending june 30, 1937, and ing a pension to Lettie Creed; to the Commitee on Pensions. for other purposes, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. PETITIONS, ETC. ENROLLED BILL SIGNED Under clause 1 of rule XXII. petitions and papers were The ,message also announced that the Speaker had affixed l&id on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: his signature to the enrolled bill (H. R. 7147) authorizing a 10323. By Mr. CRAWFORD: Petition of 20 residents of preliminary examination of the San Gabriel and Los Angeles Shiawassee County, relative to the 'issuance of currency; to Rivers and their tributaries; to include both drainage basins the Committee on Ways and Means. and their outlets, in Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Calif., 10324. By Mr. GOODWIN: Petition of Schwenk's Bakery, with a view to the controlling of floods; and it was signed by Kingston, N. Y., protesting against substitute taxes in lieu the Vice President. of the processing tax; to the Committee on Ways and Means. CALL OF THE ROLL 10325. By Mr. HALLECK: Petition of the Ladies' Auxiliary Mr. ROBINSON. I suggest the absence of a quorum. of the Young Men's Christian Association, Lafayette, Ind., · The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. requesting early hearings on bills now pending in Congress The legislative clerk called the roll, and the following relating to the motion-picture industry and the distribution Senators answered to their names: of motion-picture films; to the Committee ·on Interstate and Adams Connally Keyes Radcliffe Foreign Commerce. Ashurst Coolidge King Reynolds Austin Costigan Lewis Robinson 10326. By Mr. HAINES: Resolution adopted by the Bachman Couzens Logan Russell Woman's Christian Temperance Union, of Franklin County, Bailey Dickinson Lonergan Schwellenbach Barbour Dieterich McAdoo Sheppard Pa., and containing 37 signers, urging enactment of House Barkley Donahey McG111 Smith bill 8739; to the Committee on the District of Columbia. Benson Duffy McKellar Steiwer 10327. By Mr. PFEIFER: Petition of William Moran, Bilbo Fletcher McNary Thomas, Okla. Black Frazier Maloney Thomas, Utah president, National Union .for Social Justice, Third Congres­ Borah George Metcalf Townsend sional District, New York, concerning the Frazier-Lemke bill; Brown Gerry Minton Trammell Bulkley Gibson Moore Truman to the Committee on Agriculture. Bulow Glass Murphy Tydings 10328. Also, petition of Towns & James, Inc., Brooklyn, Burke Gore Murray Vandenberg N. Y., concerning the Patman-Robinson bill; to the Com­ Byrd Guffey Neely VanNuys Byrnes Hale No-rbeck Wagner mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Capper Harrison Norris . Walsh 10329. By Mr. WERNER: Petition of patrons of star route Caraway Hastings O'l\1ahoney Wheeler Carey Hatch Overton White no. 59161, from Whitewood to Spearfish, S. Dak., favor­ Chavez Hayden Pittman ing the enactment of legislation to indefinitely extend exist­ Clark Johnson Pope ing star-route contracts and increase the compensation Mr. DIETERICH. I announce that my colleague the thereon to an equal basis with that paid for other forms of senior Senator from Illinois [Mr. LEwis] is unavoidably mail transportation; to the Committtee on the Post Office detained from the Senate. and Post Roads. - Mr. ROBINSON. I announce that the Senator from Ala­ 10330. Also, petition of patrons of star route no. 59124, bama [Mr. BANKHEAD] is absent because of illness; and that . from Meadow to Athboy, S. Dak., favoring the enactment the Senator from Nevada [Mr. McCARRANL the Senator of legislation to indefinitely extend existing star-route con­ from Washington [Mr. BoNE], the Senator from West Vir­ tracts and increase the compensation thereon to an equal ginia [Mr. HoLT], anci the Senator from Louisiana [Mrs. basis with that paid for other forms of mail transportation; LoNG] are unavoidably detained from the Senate. to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Mr. AUSTIN. I announce that the Senator from Penn­ 10331. By Mr. WOOD: Petition of 30 citizens of Greene sylvania [Mr. DAVIS] and the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. and Polk Counties, Mo., requesting enactment of legislation SHIPSTEAD] are necessarily absent from the Senate. to extend all existing star-route contracts and increase the The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-six Senators have an.. compensation thereon; to the Committee on the Post Office swered to their names. A quorum is present. and Post Roads. 10332. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Tennessee Lum­ SIGNING OF AN ENROLLED BILL DURING RECESS ber, Millwork & Supply Dealers' Association; to the Com­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-six Senators have an­ mittee on Banking and Currency. granted by the Senate on the 27th ultimo, he signed, on 10333. Also, petition of Club No. 1,_ of Pensacola, Fla.; to Friday, February 28, 1936, the enrolled bill (S. 3780) to the Committee on Rules. promote the conservation and profitable use of agricultural 10334. Also, petition of the Nebraska Home Owners• Asso­ land resources by temporary Federal aid to farmers and by ciation; to the Committee on Labor. providing for a permanent policy of Federal aid to States for such purposes, said bill having previously been signed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. SENATE COMMITTEE REPORT FILED DURING RECESS MONDAY, MARCH 2, 1936 The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, ori the expiration from the Secretary of the Senate, which was read and of the recess. ordered to lie on the table, as follows: THE JOURNAL UNITED STATES SENATE, Washington, March 2, 1936. On request of Mr. ROBINSON, and by unanimoUs consent, To the PRESIDENT oF THE SENATE: the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of the calen­ Under the order of the Senate of the 27th ultimo, Mr. HAYDEN, from the Committee on Appropriations, filed with me, as Secre­ dar day Thursday, February 27, 1936, was dispensed with, tary of . the Senate, on February 29, 1936, the bill (H. R. 10630) and the Journal was approved. · making appropriations for the Department of the Interior for t h e MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT fiscal year ending June 30, 1937, and for other purposes, with amendments and an accompanying report (no. 1615) • Messages in writing from the President of the United Very truly yours, States were communicated to the.Senate by Mr. Latta, one EDwiN A. HALsEY, Secretary. of his secretaries. PRICE DISCRIMINATION-NOTICE BY SENATOR LOGAN MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Mr. LOGAN. Mr. President, I should like to give notice A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. that tomorrow, as soon as I can obtain recognition after the Haltigan, one of its reading clerks, announced that the Senate convenes, I wish to discuss for a while the provisions House had passed a bill making appropriations of Senate bill 3154, known as the Robinson price-discrimina­ for the Department of Agriculture and for the Farm Credit tion bill. 1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3013 LOANS FOR CROP PRODUCTION--VETO MESSAGE The investigation was made by Col. Carl L. Rtstlne, who was made a special assistant to the Attorney General for the purpose. Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I desire to make a statement. It was undertaken at the insistence of Senator BENNETT CHAMP The Committee on Agriculture met and discussed this morn­ CLARK, Democrat, of Missouri, that an impartial legal study be ing the veto message of the President on what is known as made into the · whole history of the air-mail contracts culminat­ ing in the sensational order which canceled them and put the the seed-loan bill, being Senate bill 3612, and also his carrying of the air mail for a. brief interim period into the hands Executive order. I was instructed by the committee to in­ of the Army. quire of the district managers of the seed-loan agency how QUESTION much, in their opinion, would be needed this year. Pending It has only recently been completed. The question was imme­ diately raised then whether it should be kept where it is until the replies to the telegrams sent to the district managers, a more propitious political moment, or started on a journey it was agreed that action upon the message would be de­ through Government red tape which must eventually bring it ferred and it would still be retained in the committee. out into publication. I wanted to take this occasion to make that statement, It is understood that this question was submitted to the White House itself, and that orders were issued from there "to let it because I gave notice on Thursday last that today I would come." It is expected to be made public on the ground that no call it up if the committee reported it, and, if it did not, I matter how politically damaging, it will be easier to face the would ask that it be discharged from the further considera­ report itself than another storm of criticism for suppressing tion of the matter in order that the Senate might have a something ad verse to the New Deal. This latest development follows closely on the heels of several vote on the veto message; but I will not do that until replies Incidents which have laid the administration open to the charge are received from the district managers, and then it will be of attempting to suppress politically dangerous or critical mate­ determined by the committee what action they will take. rial. There was the incident of naval officers forbidden to speak Of course, that will not bind me. at a patriotic rally which had been the sounding board for an attack by Bainbridge Colby, Secretary of State in the Wilson CANCELATION OF AIR-MAIL CONTRACTS--RISTINE REPORT administration. Next came word of suppression of an N. R. A. report on the Schechter decision's effect on wages and hours. Mr. AUSTIN. Mr. President, I rise to present a request More recently two high officials of the Bureau of Navigation for unanimous consent to place an article in the RECORD. and Steamboat Inspection were dismissed after an investigation of During the recess the press of the country carried the an­ the publication of a confidential report on safety-at-sea conditions. nouncement that Col. Carl L. Ristine, who was appointed Finally came the removal from command of Maj. Gen. Johnson special assistant to the Attorney General to conduct a legal Hagood after remarks critical of New Deal spending policies. investigation into the subject of the cancelation of air-mail ANOTHER SIDE contracts, has made his report and that it would be forth­ There is, of course, another side to the air-mail-contract story. One permanent Government official whose position dates from the coming before long. Hoover administration, and who has no interest in the political I am interested in it because of the status of the legisla­ aspects of the controversy, stated to the writer that whatever the tion relating to the air mail. I express the hope that the legal merits of the cancelation the plain fact is that American be civil aviation has advanced enormously since and largely because report will made available before the present session of of the cancelation. Congress .shall adjourn. I ask unanimous consent to have He pointed out that previous to that time the industry was con­ printed in connection with what I now say one of these trolled largely by stock promoters whose interest was in profits, announcements, which I have taken from the Christian not in the development of aviation. At the present time, he as­ Science Monitor of February 29, 1936. serted, the industry is in the hands of young, able, energetic men to whom aviation is a life career and who are giving all their The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? energies toward development of a safe, efficient, and useful trans­ There being no objection, the article was ordered to be portation system. printed in the RECORD, as follows: BEFORE AND AFTER By a staff correspondent of the Christian Science Monitor He added that before the cancelation air-line officials, in his opinion, sat ba~k in easy chairs and collected the Government FARLEY FOUND TO ERR IN AIR-MAIL DEBACLE-LEGAL REPORT FREES contract payments, letting their lines operate themselves in a LINES OF ALL LIABILITY ON CANCELED CONTRACTS-BURDEN ON NEW more or less haphazard manner. They seemed to feel that they DEAL owned a private doorway into the Treasury and behaved here in (By a staff correspondent of the Christian Science Monitor) Washington as though the Government existed to provide them WASHINGTON, February 29.-A figurative bombshell burst in the with a comfortable living, he said. politically charged atmosphere of the Capital here today with word All this has now changed, according to this officer, whose posi­ of a 2-year Department of Justice investigation resulting in the tion it is to watch the standards of operation of the lines. He conclusion that the grounds on which the Roosevelt administra­ finds them today to be bona-fide transportation systems which tion based its cancelation of air-mail contracts of all major domes­ maintain standards of efficiency and safety equal or superior to tic air lines contain nothing which would justify either criminal or the best to be found in any other country in the world. civil prosecution against the air lines. In other words, he considers that the cancelations may or may While official silence was maintained on the subject, the Monitor not have been legal, but certainly has been a boon both to the was able to confirm, from responsible Government sources, the fact industry and to the public by forcing out of it the element which that such a legal investigation has been concluded; that a formal was ·allegedly interested primarily in•stock promotion and profits. report on it will shortly be submitted to the Attorney General and Such a point of view does not, however, alter the politically subsequently to the White House; and that, in the meantime, a con­ damaging potentialities of a report which tends to sweep the legal sciousness of its political implications is causing grave concern to justification out from under the cancelation. publicity chiefs of the administration. ON DELICATE GROUND JANUARY REPORT OF RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION It was also learned on unquestioned authority that the report The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from itself has the effect of clearing the air lines of any actual violation the Chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation of law in the negotiation of the contracts . during the Hoover administration, and leaves the Roosevelt-Farley cancelation maneu­ reporting, pursuant to law, on the activities and expenditures ver nothing better to stand on than "irregularities" and the of the Corporation for January 1936, including statements appearance of impropriety. of authorizations made during that month, showing the In view of the fact that the cancelation of the mail contracts produced an adverse public reaction, it has been considered ex­ name, amount, and rate of interest or dividend in each case, tremely important to the administration to be able to justify which, with the accompanying papers, was referred to the what it did on a strictly legal basis. If such justification can be Committee on Banking and Currency. shown to be nonexistent, it automatically provides the political opposition with a diamond-studded issue on a solid gold platter. LANDS OF MEMBERS OF THE FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES Republicans have already charged that the cancelation was a The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a message political move. SUPPORT FOR CHARGE from the President of the United States, which was read If they can support their charge with a report prepared within and ordered to lie on the table, as follows: the Department of Justice itself they have something better than they ever dared hope for. To the Senate: While the report is still, of course, secret, it 1s learned that it In compliance with the request contained in the resolu­ confines itself strictly to evidence admissible in court. On the tion of the Senate of February 25, 1936 Boston, Mass., praying sent, proceeded to consider the concurrent resolution (S. Con. for the prompt enactment of legislation extending the ef­ Res. 33), which was read and agreed to, as follows: fective date of the bottling regulations under the Federal Alcop.ol Administration law from March 1 to August 15, Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concur­ ring), That the action of the Speaker of the House of Representa­ which was referred to the Committee on Finance. tives and the President of the Senate in signing the enrolled bill He also presented a letter in the nature of a petition (S. 3227) to amend section 3 of the act approved May 10, 1928, from the executive secretary of the Massachusetts Laundry­ entitled "An act to extend the period of restriction in lands of certain members of the Five Civilized Tribes, and for other pur­ owners' Association, the Laundryowners' Bureau of Boston, poses", as amended February 14, 1931, be, and the same is hereby, the New England Linen Supply Association, and the Boston rescinded, and that in the reenrollment of the bill the Secretary Linen Club, all in the State of Massachusetts, praying for the of the Senate be, and he is hereby, autho:rtzed and directed to enactment of the so-called Gu:ffey-Dockweiler bill, eliminat­ strike out, on page 1, line 8, of the engrossed bill the word "mate­ rials" and insert in lieu thereof the word "minerals." ing the excise tax on coconut oil imported for soap-making purposes, which was referred to the Committee on Finance. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS He also presented a letter in the nature of a petition The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the follow­ from Frances E. Fiske, of Brookline, Mass., praying for the ing joint resolution of the Legislature of the State of Vir­ enactment of Senate bill 3102, relative to so-called block­ ginia, which was referred to the Committee on Foreign booking in the motion-picture industry, which was referred Relations: to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. Joint resolution memorializing the Congress of the United States He also presented a letter in the nature of a petition from to make provision for the colonization of persons of African descent, with their own consent, in Liberia, or at any other the Boston New York City, N. Y., favoring the enactment of That the General Assembly of Virginia memorialize the Congress the so-called Duffey bill, being House bill 10501, relative to of the United States to make provision for the colonization of per­ sons of African descent, with their own consent, in Liberia, or at Federal housing operations, which was referred to the Com­ any other place or places on the African Continent. mittee on Banking and Currency. The VICE PRESIDENT also laid before the Senate a cable­ He also presented a resolution of the League of Neighbor­ gram in the nature of a petition from Logia Caballeros de hood Clubs, of New York City, N. Y., favoring the enactment la Noche, No. 48, San Juan, P.R., praying for the confirma­ of workers' social-insurance legislation, which was referred to the Committee on Finance. tion of Benigno Fernandez Garcia to be attorney general of Puerto Rico, which was referred to the Committee on the He also presented papers in the nature of petitions from Judiciary. branches of the Glass Bottle Blowers Association at Buffalo He also laid before the Senate a resolution adopted by Olean, and Rochester, in the State of New York, praying fo; the application of the provisions of the Antidumping Act of Randolph County (ill.) Council of the American Legion, favoring making provision for the burial of the remains of 1921 to importation of glassware, which were referred to Maj. Gen. William A. Mitchell in Arlington National Ceme­ the Committee on Finance. tery, which was referred to the Committee on Military Af­ He also presented a resolution of Woodside (N.Y.) Branch fairs. of the American League Against War and Fascism, protest­ He also laid before the Senate a letter in the nature of ing against the enactment of the so-called Dies bill, being a memorial from Mrs. Harold Prest, of St. Clair Shores, House bill 5921, relative to the deportation of aliens, which Mich., remonstrating against the enactment of the bill (S. was referred to the Committee on Immigration. 5) to prevent the manufacture, shipment, and sale of adul­ He also presented a resolution adopted by· the Associa­ terated or misbranded food, drink, drugs, and cosmetics, and tion of the Bar of the City of New York, favoring the enact­ to regulate traffic therein; to prevent the false advertisement ment of the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 237) for the estab­ of food, drink, drugs, and cosmetics; and for other purposes, lishment of a trust fund to be known as the Oliver Wendell which was ordered to lie on the table. Holmes Memorial Fund, which was referred to the Commit­ He also laid before the Senate a letter in the nature of a tee on the Library. memorial from members of Laurel Grange, No. 1678, Patrons He also presented a resolution of the Hunts Point Branch, of Husbandry, of Caldwell, Ohio, remonstrating against the American League Against War and Fascism, of Bronx, N.Y., enactment of the bill (8. 1632) to amend the Interstate Com­ protesting against the enactment of legislation abridging the merce Act, as amended, by providing for the regulation of freedom of speech, which was ordered to lie on the table. the transportation of passengers and property by water car­ He also presented a resolution of Branch No. 3045, Inter­ riers operating in interstate and foreign commerce, and for national Workers' Order, Russian Section, New York City, other purposes, which was ordered to lie on the table. N. Y., protesting against the deportation of aliens and dis· Mr. TYDINGS presented a resolution adopted by a special criminations against them, which was ordered to lie on the meeting of the Steamship Trade Association of Baltimore, table. Md., protesting against the enactment of the so-called He also presented a letter in the nature of a petition Pettengill bill, being House bill 3263, to amend the fourth from the Insular League of Parent-Teacher Associations of section of the Interstate Commerce Act, which was referred Puerto Rico, favoring the enactment of legislation extending to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. the benefits of the Federal Social Security Act to Puerto 1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3015 Rico, which was referred to the Committee on Territories He also, from the same committee, t'o which was referred and Insular Affairs. the bill (H. R. 10185) to amend the act approved June 18, C. C. C. AND SOIL-CONSERVATION CAMP&-PETITIONS 1934, authorizing the city of Port Arthur, Tex., or the Com­ Mr. BENSON. Mr. President, I am in receipt of indi­ mission thereby created and its successors, to construct, main­ vidually signed petitions from 3,570 farmers, independent tain, and operate a bridge over Lake Sabine, at or near Port merchants, workers, and professional men living in eight Arthur, Tex., and to extend the times for commencing and counties of southwestern Minnesota, who protest the present completing the said bridge, reported it without amendment trend toward abandonment of Civilian Conservation Corps and submitted a report (No. 1618) thereon. · camps and soil-conservation camps. Mr. LOGAN, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to which were referred the following bills, reported them each In view of the fact that we are embarking on a program of without amendment and submitted reports thereon: pronounced soil conservation while still having before us S. 2041. A bill for the relief of Charles E. Wilson (Rept. almost undiminished the employment prob-lem, and that an No. 1619); and expansion rather than a contraction of C. C. C. camps and soil-erosion camp projects would therefore appear to be the S. 3659. A bill to promote the efficiency of the Judge Ad­ vocate General's Department of the Army CRept. No. 1620). more consistent policy, I request that the number of names Mr. CAREY, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to signed to the petitions be noted and that the letter of Alfred A. Burkhardt, secretary of the Southern Minnesota Soil Con .. which were referred the following bills, reported them each servation Association, together with the attached petition. be without amendment and submitted reports thereon: S. 3726. A bill to provide suitable rank for the Deputy Chief 29). sota are inadequate to care for the present needs; we, the undersigned, voters of southeastern Minnesota, do re­ Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma, also, from the Committee on spectfully petition: Indian Affairs, to which was referred the bill

N.Dak., $20,000; Klamath, Oreg_, $25,000; Cheyenne R1ver, S.Dak., Washington: Lummi, $20,000~ Makah (dikes and flood gates), $50,000; Pine Ridge, S. Dak., $10,000; Rosebud, S. Dak., $10,000; $5,000; Wapato, $100,000, reimbursable; Klickitat, $50,000; mis­ Colville, Wash., $100,000; Puyalillp, Wash., $10,000; Quinaielt, cellaneous (domestic and stock water and garden tracts), $20,000; Wash., $25,000; Neah Bay, Wash., $20,000; Spokane, Wash., $6,000; Wisconsin: Miscellaneous (garden tracts), $5,000; Yakima, Wash., ·$25,000; Bad River, Wis., $5,000; Lac du Flambeau, Wyoming: Wind River, $105,000, reimbursable: Wis., $15,000; and the unexpended balances of funds available For miscellaneous small irrigation developments, $200,000; under this head in the Interior Department Appropriation Act For administrative expenses, including personal services in the for the fiscal year 1936, and the act of June 27, 1932 (47 Stat., District of Columbia and elsewhere, $100,000; · p. 335), are hereby continued available during the fiscal year 1937: . In all, $3,710,500, to be Immediately available: Provided, That Provided, That the expenditures for the purposes above set forth the foregoing amounts may be used interchangeably, in the dis­ shall be under conditions to be prescribed by the Secretary of the cretion of the Secretary of the Interior, but not more than ·10 Interior for repayment to the United States on or before June 30, percent of any specific amount shall be transferred 'to any other 1942, except in the case of loans on liTigable lands for permanent amount, and no appropriation shall be increased by more than improvement of said lands in which the period for repayment 15 percent: Provided further, That when necessary the foregoing may run for not exceeding 20 years, in the discretion of the amounts may be used for subjugating lands for which irrigation Secretary of the Interior, and advances to old, disabled, or indigent facilities are being developed. Indians for their support, which shall remain a charge and lien against their land until paid: Provided further, That advances Mr. KING. Mr. President, the Senator from Arizona will may be made to worthy Indian youths to enable them to take recall that a number of years ago data were brought to the educational courses, including courses in nursing, home economics, attention of the Senate and of the Indian Affairs Committee, forestry, and other industrial subjects in colleges, universities, or other institutions and advances so made shall be reimbursed in as I recall, showing the waste and extravagance in connection not to exceed 8 years under such rules and regulations as the with Indian reclamation projects; and there was a great deal ·secretary of the Interior may prescribe: Provided further, That of evidence tending to show that if those projects had been all moneys reimbursed during the fiscal year 1937 shall be credited under the control of the Reclamation Service the results to the respective appropriations and be available for the purposes of this paragraph: Provided further, That revenues derived from would have been very different, and the expenses would have tribal enterprises established and operated under this authoriza­ been very much less. tion shaU be available, upon request of the tribe, and With the May I ask the Senator from Arizona whether or not the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, for the continued opera­ tion of such enterprises, .and any surplus of income over expendi­ committee made an investigation to determine whether, I tures shall be deposited in the Treasury to the trust-fund account was about to say, the same reckless or unwise policy pursued of the appropriate tribe, and shall be available for future appro­ for a number of years in connection with irrigation projects priation by Congress. upon Indian reservations is still being adhered to, or whether The amendment was agreed to. there has been any change or transfer to the Reclamation The next amendment was, on page 31, line 17, after the Service .of the execution of the laws in connection with these word "exceed", to strike out "$50,000" and insert "$65,000", projects? so as to read: Mr. HAYDEN. I may state to the Senator from Utah that For an additional amount to be acj.ded to the .appropriation of the personnel which was in charge of Indian irrigation proj­ $2,500,000 contained in the Interior Department Appropriation ects at the time he mentions. has been entirely changed. At Act, fiscal year 1936, for the establishment of a revolving fund for the present time the Indian Irrigation Service is headed by a the purpose of making loans to Indian chartered corporations, in accordance with the act of June 18, 1934 (48 Stat., p. 986), very able engineer, Mr. Wathen, who, to my personal knowl­ $980,000, of which amount not to exceed $65,000 'Shall be avail­ edge, has conducted his operations in a most economical man­ able for personal services in the District of Columbia and in the ner. I am sure the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, field, for purchase of equipment and supplies, and for other which has a subcommittee that travels about the country necessary expenses of administering such loans. and has been examining into these matters, has found by The amendment was agreed to. actual examinations in the field that the conditions to which The next amendment was, on page 32, line 1, after the the Senator refers as occurring some years ago no longer word "exceed", to strike out "$15,000" and insert "$18,000", exist. so as to read: Mr. KING. The Senator will recall that in Montana, in For the development of Indian arts and crafts, as authortzed by connection with the Fort Peck and other irrigation projects, the act of August 27, 1935 (49 Stat., p. 891), including personal services, purchase of equipment and supplies, not to exceed . the evidence showed upon a very careful investigation which $2,500 fqr printing and binding, and other necessary expenses, to had been made that a number of those projects had to be be immediately available, $42,'500; of which not to exceed $18,000 abandoned because they could not be completed. They were shall be available for personal serVices in the District of Columbia. located at places where they ought not to have been located, The amendment was agreed to. apd the result was that several million dollars had been : The next amendment was, under the heading "Irrigation wasted. and drainage", on page.40, after line 23, to insert: . Mr. HAYDEN. That whole situation was thoroughly ex­ ·For 'the construction, repair, and i-ehabilitation of irrigation amined into by the Committees on Indian Affairs of both systeiDS' on Indian reservations; for the purchase or rental of the House and .the Senate, and legislation was enacted which equipment, tools, and appliances; ·for the acquisition of rights­ entirely liquidated it and started Indian irrigation projects of-way, and payment of damages in connection with such irriga­ tion systems; for the development of domestic and stock water on a new basis. and water for subsistence gardens; for the purchase of water Mr. KING. I should like to ask the Senator from Okla­ rights. ditches, and lands needed for such projects; and for drain­ ~oma [Mr. THOM.4-S], the chairman of the Committee on age and protection of irrigable lands from damage by .fioods or loss of water rights, as follows: Indian Affairs, whether he has made an investigation of Arizona: Colorado River, as authorized by section 2 - of the these Indian irrigation projects with a view to determining Rivers and Harbors Act, approved August 30, 1935, $1,000,000; whether there have been material changes for the aid of Havasupai, $5,000; Hopi, $50,000; Navajo, $70,000; Ak Chin, $3,000; the Indians. Navajo and Hopi (domestic and stock water), $45,000; Chiu Chui, $5,000; Papago (domestic and stock water), $26,400; San Xavier, Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. President, the investi­ $30,000; Salt River, $55,000~ San Carlos, $25,000; Fort Apache, gation disclosed that the items carried in this bill are neces­ $10,000; s~ry to improve and protect and develop irrigation projects Colorado: Consolidated Ute, $65,000, reimbursable; Pine River, $1,000,000, reimbursable; already in existence. If I remember correctly, there is no Montana: Crow, $100,000, reimbursable; Fort Belknap, $12,000; new project in this appropriation. Fort Peck, $125,000, reimbursable; Mr. HAYDEN. There are some new projects, but they Nevada: Fort McDermitt, '$2,000; Moapa, $5,000; Summit Lake, $5,000; Walker River, $5,000; miscellaneous (garden tracts), $5,000; are very well justified. Let me state to the Senator from New Mexico: Navajo, $69,500; Pueblo, $240,100; Jicarilla, $13,000; Utah that the -secretary of the Interior in person appeared Navajo and Pueblo (domestic and stock water), $60,000; before our committee to recommend these partic:u.Iar appro­ North Dakota: Miscellaneous (domestic and stock water and priations, and stated that the future of the Indian is in garden tracts), $15,000; Oklahoma: Miscellaneous (garden tracts), $16,000; agriculture; that farming is the best way whereby the Indian Oregon: Warm Springs, $10,000; miscellaneous (garden tracts), may be aided in obtaining a home upon and a living from $5,000; the land. He further stated that the great majority of the South Dakota: Miscellaneous (domestic and stock water), in $10,000; Indians live the arid region, and for that reason the Utah: Uncomp-ahgre. $10,000; Oljeto and Montezuma Creeks, secret~ry recommended the _program which the_committee $3,500; miscellaneous (garden tracts), $5,000; has adopted. '1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3033 Mr. KING. I am not complaining about the program, if an Indian sanatorium and employees' quarters in South Dakota, a further. sum of $29,8.75, representing the remainder of the . the evils which were so patent a number of years ago have original appropriation of $375,000 contained in the Interior De­ been eliminated and a different system has been inaugurated. partment Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1932, and not reappropriated. Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. I am sure the investigations by the Second Deficiency: Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1935, is to which the Senator referred have had that effect. hereby reappropriated and made available until June 30, 1937, for Mr. KING. I will say very frankly that I have approved the construction of such sanatorium and employees' quarters. of the selection of Mr. Collier as Commissioner of Indian The amendment was agreed to. Affairs, and. I believe that under him and under Mr. Ickes The next amendment was, on page 56, line 18, after the many reforms have been brought about. name "Indians", to strike out "$15,000" and insert "$20,000", The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agree­ so as to read. ing to the-amendment of the committee. For clinical surveys and general medical research in connection The amendment was agreed to. with tuberculosis, trachoma, and venereal and other disease condi­ The next amendment of the Committee on Appropriations tions among Indians, $20,000. was, under the subhead "Education", on page 43, line 10, The amendment was agreed to. after the word "schools", to strike out "$5,304,820" and insert The next amendment was, on page 57, line 17, after the "$5,379,820", so as to read: word "immediately", to insert "and to remain available until For the support of _Indian schools not otherwise provided !or, June 30, -1938", so as to read: and other ·educational and industrial purposes in connection there­ Medical relief 1n Alaska.: To enable the Secretary of the Interior, with, including educational facilities authorized by treaty provi­ in his G.iscretion and under his direction through the Bureau of sions, care of children of school age attending private schools, and Indian .Affairs, with the advice and cooperation of the Public Health tuition for Indian pupils attending public schools, $5,379,820. Service, to provide for the medical and sanitary relief of the Eski­ mos, Aleuts, Indians, and othe:r natives of Alaska.; purchase, repair, The amendment was agreed to. rental, and equipment of hospital buildings; books and surgical . The next amendment was, on page 45, line 10, after the apparatus;· pay and necessary traveling expenses of physicians, word "For", to insert "construction,", and in line 15, after the nurses, and other employees, and all other necessary miscellaneous expenses which are not included under the above special heads, word "therewith", to strike out "$345,000" and insert "$420, $340,000, to be available immediately and to remain available until 000", so as to read: June 30, 1938. For construction, lease, purchase, repair, and improvement of buildings at Indian schools not otherwise provided for, including The amendment was agreed to. the purchase of necessary lands and the installation, repair, and The next amendment was, under the subhead "General improvement of heating, lighting, power, and sewerage and water support and administration", on page 57, line 22, after the systems in connection therewith, $420,000. word "provisions", to strike out . "$2,360,000" and insert The amendment was agreed to. "$2,385,000, of which amount $25,000 shall be immediately The next amendment was, on page 50, line 7, after the available", so as to read: figures "$112,750", to insert a colon and the following pro­ For general support of Indians and administration of Indian viso: "Provided, That not more than $1,000 of the foregoing property, including pay of employees authorized by continuing or permanent treaty provisions, $2,385,000, of which amount $25,000 amount may be used for the acquisition of lands adjacent to shall be immediately available. this school", so as to read: Pierre, S. Dak.: For 300 pupils, $97,750; for pay of superintend­ The amendment was agreed to. ent, drayage, and general repairs and improvements; $15,000; in all, The next amendment was, on page 58, line 20, after the $112,750: Provided, That not more that $1,000 of the foregoing figures "$16,000", to insert "Rocky Boy, $800; in all $16,800", amount may, be used for the acquisition qf lands adjacent to this so as to read: school. Montana: Flathead, $16,000; Rocky Boy, $800; in all $16,800. The amendment-was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 52, line 6, after the The amendment was agreed to. word "light"; to insert "$25,000 for· relief of destitution,"; · The next amendment was, on page 58, line 22, after the in line 10, after the words "in all", to strike out "$641,880" name "Cherokee", to strike out ''$18,000" ·and insert and insert "$666,880"; in the same line, after the word "$25,000", so as to read: North Carolina.: Cherokee, $25,000, together with the unex­ "available", to insert ·"and to remain available until June pended balance under this head for the ·fiscal year 1936. 30, 1938"; and in line 18, after the word "Interior", to in­ sert a -colon and the following additional proviso: "Provided The amepdment.was agreed to. further, That a report shall be made to Congress covering­ The next amendment was, on page 59, line 3, after the expenditures from the amount herein provided for relief of name "Klamath", to strike out "$55,000" and insert "$69,000, destitution", so as to read:- of which $4,000 shall be available only for traveling and Natives in Alaska: To enable the Secretary of the Interior, in other expenses of members of the tribal council, or repre­ his discretion and under his direction, to provide for support· and sentatives of the tribe engaged on business of the tribe at the education of the Eskimos, Aleuts, Indians, and other. natives of seat of government, and $10,000 shall be available in a per­ Alaska, including necessary traveling expenses of pupils to and from industrial boarding schools in Alaska; purchase, repair, and manent revolving fund for loans to cover burial expenses of rental of school buildings, including purchase of necessary lands; members of the tribe, and payments in liquidation of such textbooks and industrial apparatus; pay and necessary traveling loans shall be credited to the revolving fund and shall be expenses of superintendents, teachers, physicians, and other em­ available for loans for similar purposes urider regulations to ployees; repair, equipment, maintenance, and operation. of ves­ sels;- and all other necessary; miscellaneous expenses which are be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior", so as to not included under the above special heads, including $338,380 !or read: salaries, $19,500 for traveling expenses, $191,000 for equipment, Oregon: Klamath, $69,000, of which $4,000 shall be available supplies, fuel, and light, $25,000 for relief of destitution, $25,000 only for traveling and other expenses of members of the tribal for repairs of buildings, $65,000 for freight and operation and council, or representatives of the tribe engaged on business of the repair of vessels, $1,000 for rentals, and $2,000 for telephone and tribe at the seat of government, and $10,000 shall be available in telegraph; in all, $666,880, to be immediately available and to a permanent revolving fund for loans to cover burial expenses of remain available until June 30, 1938: Provided, That not to ex­ members of the tribe, and payments 1n liquidation of such loans ceed 10 percent of the amounts appropriated for the various items shall be credited to the revolving fund and shall be available for in this paragraph shall be available interchangeably for expendi­ loans for similar purposes under regulations to be prescribed by tures on the objects included in this paragraph, but not more than the Secretary of the Interior. 10 percent shall be added to any one item of appropriation except in cases of extraorqinary emergency and then only upon the The amendment was agreed to. written order of the Secretary of the Interior: Provided further, That a report shall be made to Congress covering expenditures The next amendment was, on page 59, line 13, after the from the amount herein provided for relief of destitution. figures "$42,500" and the semicolon, to insert "Yankton, $1,200, which amount shall be available for fees and ex­ The amendment was agreed to. penses of attorneys; in all, $43,700", so as to read: The next amendment was, under the subhead "Conserva­ South Dakota.: Cherokee River, $42,500; Yankton, $1,200, which tion of health", on page 56, after line 3, to insert: amount shall be available for fees and expenses of attorneys; in Sioux Sanatorium and employees' quarters, South Dakota.: That all, $43,700. in addition to the $337,500 made available by the Second Defi­ ciency Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1935, for the construction of The amendment was agreed to. 3034 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE' MARCH 2 I

The next amendment was~ ori page 59, 1ine-iS, after "Ta- ­ Boise project, Idaho, drainage, $160,000; "$12,500" Carlsbad project, New Mexico, $900,000; holah (Quinaielt) ", to strike out and insert Deschutes project, Oregon, $450,000; "$20,000"; in line 19, after "(Neah Bay)", to strike out OWyhee project, Oregon, $400,000; "$22,500" and insert "$26,000"; in line 21, after the name Grand Coulee Dam project, Washington, $20,000,000; "Indians", to insert "$3,500 for development of a cemetery Columbia Basin project, Washington, economic surveys and in- vestigations, $250,000; site"; in line 22, after the figures "$2,000" and the semicolon, Yakima project, Washington, Roza division, $2,500,000; to insert "(Hoh), $500"; and in line 23, after the words Provo River project, Utah, $1,750,000; "in all", to strike out "$38,400" and insert "$49,900", so as Casper-Alcova project, Wyoming, $4,000,000; Riverton project, Wyoming, $900,000; to read: Shoshone project, Wyoming, Heart Mountain division, $1,000,000; Washington: Puyallup, $1,000 for upkeep of the Puyallup In­ For administrative expenses on account of the above projects, dian cemetery; Taholah (Quinaielt), $20,000; (Neah Bay), $26,000 including personal services and other expenses in the District of ($4,000 for monthly allowances for care of old and indigent In­ Columbia and in the field, $2,500,000; in all, $57,610,000, to be dians, $3,500 for development of a cemetery site, and $1,000 for immediately available: Provided, That this appropriation shall be burial expenses); (Quileute), $2,000; (Hoh), $500; Yakima, $400; available for the employment of personal services Without regard in all, $49,900. to the civil-service laws and the Classification Act of 1923, as amended: Provided further, That of this amount not to exceed The amendment was agreed to. $160,000 may be expended for personal services in the District of The next amendment was, on_page 60, at the end of line Columbia. 4, to increase the appropriation for general support and Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I should like to ask administration from $399,000 to $433,500. the able Senator from Arizona whether the various projects The amendment was agreed to. included in the amendment just stated are reclamation The next amendment was, on page 61, line 2, after the projects? name "Chickasaw", to strike out "Creek"; in line 9, after Mr. HAYDEN. They are. the word "and", to strike out "$4,000" and insert "$3,000"; Mr. VANDENBERG. Can the Senator tell me whether and in line 10, after the figures "$600", to insert "for the cur­ all of these projects have been authorized by acts of Con­ rent fiscal year to be expended from the tribal funds of the gress? Creek Nation", so as to read: Mr. HAYDEN. No; they have not all been authorized by Expenses of tribal officers, Five Civilized Tribes, Oklahoma acts of Congress. All the new ones have been established (tribal funds): For the current fiscal year money may be ex­ by funds allocated by the President out of the appropria­ pended from the tribal funds of the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole Tribes for equalization of allotments, per capita, and tions made by Congress, first of $3,300,000,000, and later of other payments authorized by law to individual members ·of the $4,800,000,000. respective tribes, salaries and contingent expenses of the gover­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I desire to submit an nor of the Chickasaw Nation and chief of the Choctaw Nation, one mining trustee for the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, at observation at this point respecting this method of com­ salaries at the rate heretofore paid for the said governor and mitting the Government and the Treasury to these enor­ said chief and $3,000 for the said mining trustee, chief of the mous expenditures. Creek Nation at $600 for the current fiscal year to be expended Without reference to the intrinsic merit Which may or from the tribal funds of the Creek Nation, and one attorney each for the Choctaw and Chickasaw Tribes employed under contract may not eXist in connection with these projects it seems approved by the President under existing law. _to me it is becoming progressively dangerous to use work­ The amendment was agreed to. relief funds for the purpose of committing the Government to great undertakings which Congress must ultimately The next amendment was, on page 61, after line 17, to finance without any f:reedom of action in respect to a deci­ insert: sion regarding them. What I mean is that after one of For acquisition, rehabilitation, and preservation of the Tuska­ these projects is started under a work-relief allocation, it homa Council House, in Pushmataha County, Choctaw Nation, Oklahoma, $7,500, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to permits the obvious argument to Congress that we must not be immediately available, payable from the fund "Fulfilling waste that which already has been spent by failing to con­ Treaties with Choctaws, Oklahoma", now to the credit of the tinue the enterprise. · We are always coroners at a post Choctaw Indians of Oklahoma. · mortem. The amendment was agreed to. This amendment apparently contains many projects The next amendment was, on page 62, line 17, after the which have been instituted in this fashion. In other words, name "Indian Affairs", to strike out "$50,000'' and insert the work-relief appropriation is used as a springboard from "$75,000", so as to read: which we are flung into subsequent commitments on a vast Expenses of tribal councils or committees thereof (tribal funds): scale. I suppose the two largest demonstrations of this· For traveling and other expenses of members of tribal councils, iniquity, so far as processes of representative government business committees, or other tribal organizations, when engaged are concerned, are not contained in this particular amend­ on business of the tribes, including visits to Washington, D. C., when duly authorized or approved in advance by the _Commis­ ment, but shortly the War Department appropriation bill sioner of Indian Affairs, $75,000, payable from funds on deposit will be before us, and it will include, for example, an item to the credit of the particular tribe interested. for the trans-Florida canal. Without at present discussing The amendment was agreed to. the merits of the trans-Florida canal, the thing I am as­ The next amendment was, on page 65, after line 2, to serting is that we find a ·canal started by a $5,000,000 allo­ insert: cation from work-relief funds upon a project which has never been approved by an enabling act of Congress, and The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to withdraw from the Treasury of the United States $105,000 of any funds on which has never had a conclusive report by the Board of deposit to the credit of the Menominee Indians in Wisconsin Rivers and Harbors Engineers; but that $5,000,000 taken by (except the Menominee Log Fund), and to expend said sum, or the President out of the work-relief funds starts the under­ so much thereof as may be necessary, for an immediate per-capita taking, and leaves Congress with a subsequent obligation, payment of $50 to each enrolled member of the Menominee Tribe. which may amount to as much as $200,000,000 in that single The amendment was agreed to. instance, and without any freedom of action on the part The next amendment was, under the heading "Bureau of of Congress to determine in an unprejudiced and untram­ Reclamation", on page 74, after line 9, to insert: meled fashion whether it thinks the project is worth while. For continuation of the following projects in not to exceed the The same thing could be said, of course, of the Passama­ following amounts, respectively, to be expended in the same man­ quoddy project, to which I hope to refer in a few days in ner and for the same objects of expenditure as specified for projects included in the Interior Department Appropriation Act for the greater detail. fiscal year 1937 under the caption "Bureau of Reclamation", and The same vice is apparent in numerous of the projects to be reimbursable under the reclamation law: included in the pending amendment, and I am drawing at­ Gila project, Arizona, $2,500,000; tention to the matter, not with the thought that any of the Salt River project, Arizona, $2,300,000; projects can be stopped-! do not know whether any of · Central Valley project, California, $16,000,000; Grand Valley project, Colorado, $200,000; them should be stopped-! am simply referring to what I Boise project, Idaho, Payette division, $1,800,000; conceive to be an utterly dangerous method of committing 1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3035 the Government to large and often extravagant expendi­ tive responsibility whether or not this is the time to launch tures through the agency of a comparatively small prelimi­ great reclamation projects, whether or not it is logical and nary allocation from work-relief funds by Executive order. consistent to undertake to reclaim millions and millions of Let us look at two or three of the projects contained in new farming acres, at tremendous expense to the Public the pending amendment. The amendment includes $20,- Treasury, simultaneously with the Government retiring mil­ 000,000 for the Grand Coulee Dam project in Washington. lions and millions of acres of farm land from production Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, will the Senator permit an and retiring it at the expense of the Public Treasury. We interruption? go pell-mell in opposite directions simultaneously. Mr. VANDENBERG. I yield. It seems to me this is utterly and completely and abso­ Mr. HAYDEN. Congress authorized the construction of lutely inconsistent, and it seems to me that in the orderly the Grand Coulee project at the past session. processes of representative government it should have been Mr. VANDENBERG. I fully understand that, and, as I am the duty and function of the Congress of the United States about to indicate, it exactly illustrates the thing I am saying. to determine whether any such burden should be put upon Grand Coulee did not start with that legislation, in which the empty Treasury of the United States. We should not be Congress directed action specifically to it; that is not where operating under a system which transfers the primary re­ the undertaking found its genesis. Grand Coulee started sponsibility of these decisions to the President of the United with $15,000,000 allocated by Executive order from work­ States, acting through Executive order. The Constitution relief funds; and after it was well under way with this holds Congress responsible for the public purse. We drift $15,000,000 from the first relief act, it got $20,000,000 more far from these moorings. from the President by Executive order under the second I am not at all questioning the good faith of the Executive relief act, so that we had $35,000,000 invested in the under­ in these respects. I assume that he has acted in good faith. taking before Congress ever got a chance to decide whether I am questioning only the method involved, and I am sug­ it wanted to build the Grand Coulee Dam or not. gesting that, except as we rather promptly change the Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President; will the Senator yield again? method, we may be leading ourselves into an exceedingly Mr. VANDENBERG. I yield. serious jeopardy. Mr. HAYDEN. I think the Senator is mistaken with Mr. President, this particular contemplation is no better respect to the second allocation, which I am quite sure was illustrated in any way I know of than by the President's veto made after Congress had passed the act authorizing the message a few days ago of the seed loan and crop-production construction of the dam. loan appropriation made by Congress. I had supposed that Mr. VANDENBERG. Very well; I am not mistaken that veto was to come to the floor of the Senate today, and respecting the first allocation, am I? I have wanted to discuss it briefly because of what I believe Mr. HAYDEN. But a comparatively small part of the first to be its bearing upon the big tax bill wl:).ich is in the offing, allocation had been actually expended at the time Congress and inasmuch as the philosophy of action involved ·in the authorized the construction of the Grand Coulee Dam. President's veto of the seed- and crop-loan appropriation is Mr. VANDENBERG. The first allocation of $15,000,000 precisely the philosophy of action to which I am taking ex­ was made before Congress ever passed upon tbe thing at all. ception in respect to these amendments, I want to take the I suspect there is no challenge to that. liberty of saying to the Senate what I have contemplated Mr. SCHWELLENBACH. Mr. President, will the Senator saying in respect to the Presidential veto. It is all a com­ yield? monly related subject. It involves the precise challenge Mr. VANDENBERG. I yield. which I have been discussing. Mr. SCHWELLENBACH. I think the fact is that about $5,000,000 had been expended prior to the congressional The President asserts that seed and crop-production loans authorization. continue to be essential, and that they will continue to be Mr. VANDENBERG. Very well; the amount of money made, but that they will be made .out of his P;esidential involved is beside the point; that is only incidental to the reservoirs, and that they should not be made by Congress in principle involved. If it was only $5,000,000 or any other the regular and traditional routine. Then he indicates that sum that was actually invested, I submit that under this if these loans shall be made by him no new revenues are method of procedure by Executive order it is impossible for required, but if made by Congress we must also produce new Congress to have a free hand subsequently in determining taxes to pay the new bills. whether or not it is willing to commit the Treasury to these This is the most candid expression I have yet seen of the great and costly enterprises. The taxpayer, in other words, strange and often amazing notion that unchecked power may never gets an unprejudiced day tn court. safely flow into the hands of the Executive, and that untaxed The amendment also covers the Gila project in Arizona. expenditures may safely flow out of the hands of the Execu­ How did that get started? They got $75,000,000 from the tive, . whereas comparable power and expenditure through President under the first relief act, and then got $2,000,000 legislative authority is the open door to disaster and bank­ from the President under the second relief act, and, so far ruptcy. Both things cannot be true. The probabilities are as I know; it has not been validated even yet by any act of that neither is true. Congress; but, of course, with $77,000,000 already sunk in First, this raises the issue of legislative appropriations the undertaking, Congress cannot be expected to withdraw, versus executive allocations. It is the basic issue of govern­ and, to all intents and purposes, we are committed under ment by legislative action versus government by executive our legislative responsibility to a thing which was originally decree. We have been progressively drifting in the latter undertaken on the basis and strength solely of an Executive direction, the climax being the new and recent farm bill order. This is not representative government under the which permits an unelected bureaucrat to do what he pleases American system. It is a prodigal paraphrase under which with $500,000,000 and with American agriculture, and to do Congress can only rubber stamp a decision originally made it as he pleases, if he pleases, when he pleases, and how he by the Executive on his own responsibility. Mr. President, pleases. Precisely the same proposition is exemplified by either this process stops pretty soon or we are headed for his veto, which demonstrates how an initial surrender of the disaster. · legislative prerogative ultimately leaves Congress in a situa­ I do not desire to labor the point. The same thing is tion where, in logic, it is powerless not to continue its true of practically every one of these reclamation projects surrender. in the amendment. If we are to be launched upon a great In the beginning we give the President an enormous program of reclamation-and certainly the appropriations blanket appropriation without any semblance of real limita­ included within this particular amendment do contemplate tions. He can do just about whatever suits his fancy with it. a great reclamation program, probably the biggest single Nobody, promoting the arrangement, least of all the execu­ reclamation program ever embraced within two pages of tive, suggests that we must put into the Treasury .a sum legislation-it does seem to me that it is a matter of public comparable with that which we thus take out and put in policy which requires Congress to answer upon its legisla- his hands to spend as he pleases. There seems to be some- 3036 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 2 thing about this sorl or ali appropriation which, when it asked to vote new taxes covering expenditures growing out comes from the White House, promptly sheds any necessity of recent legislative actions, such as the soldiers' bonus and for taxes which otherwise must be raised to pay any bill the new farm bill, but we still hear nothing about taxes to which Congress happens to incur. cover expenditures which continue to flow from Executive This big, blanket appropriation-or rather a series of allocations. One Budget, which includes whatever the Ex­ three of them-sufficiently exhausts the public credit so that ecutive wishes it to include, must be balanced. The other the President may subsequently protest, as in the present in­ Budget continues "to float through the air with the greatest stance, that we must leave to him and to his discretion any of ease, like the daring young man on the flying trapeze." subsequent details which congressional wisdom may approve. Whether or not both could be immediately balanced is He may do things-and that is what the message says-he frankly a matter of doubt; but it is my position that one may do things that are foreclosed to us. The tragic part field of spending cannot be separated from the other so far about it is that he is right, the tragedy being that Congress as the effect upon the public credit is concerned, and, there­ should make the initial mistake of thus delegating its powers fore, that the problem must be considered as a whole. A and thus circumscribing its own subsequent liberty of action. tax dollar is a tax dollar, no matter who spends it or what This formula, in its lengthened shadow, leads straight to a for. It is paid no less in the sweat of man's brow because type of concentrated Executive power which I dislike either it is routed through the White House for an alleged altruistic to contemplate or to characterize. To say the least, it is not aim. the American system. If rational and courageous economy which eliminates This comes straight-to the second untoward implication­ wast-e, extravagance, doubtful experimentation, delegated namely, that the President's executiv~ emergency funds may authority, and political exploitation shall cut the sum total be used to suit his discretion, without tax compensation, . of all our Budgets to the irreducible minimum, I think the whereas congressional expenditures represent bills that must American people are prepared to pay whatever it costs to be concurrently paid. I think he is right in the latter atti­ recapture a sound public credit; and I am prepared to tax tude, but wrong in the former. I think, with great respect, accordingly. But I earnestly submit that in connection that it is a species of expedient sophistry. There is nothing with any new tax program we owe it to the people and to about these gigantic lump-sum emergency appropriations, our own responsibilities, first, to know all the Executive ex­ out of which these great projects in the pending amendment pects to ask of us this year, including the new relief appro­ were originally born-there is nothing about those gigantic priation, which, according to the present plan, apparently lump-sum emergency appropriations, so-called, which im­ will not be disclosed until after we shall have gone through munizes them against sound rules of Budget-balancing the idle form of intermittently "balancing a budget" which finance. There is nothing about Christmas which makes its shortly thereafter is again to be thrown out of balance. bills any less real than those obligated upon other less I submit that, preliminary to any such new tax assessme-nt, benevolent days. Ii:l the present typical instance, seed and Congress should require the return to its jurisdiction of the crop-production loans are no less a burden on the taxpayer unexpended balances of all the· stupendous funds already because the President spends the money than they would be resting in Executive hands for disbursement solely on the if Congress spent the money. Yet the veto message invites basis of Executive discretion. I submit that only in this us to dream otherwise. It is just such dreams as these which fashion may we face our problem as a whole and intelli­ put the public credit in jeopardy. gently determine whether a redistribution of existing re­ So far as this immediate veto is concerned, if it were an sources and a retrenchment in existing programs could, on isolated issue apart from any related considerations, I think the one hand, eliminate some of the need for new revenues, the Senate would be clearly justified in overriding it and or. on the other hand, buy a more complete solvency for the asserting its refusal to sanction these fictitious distinctions. public credit in return for the sacrifices which we are told I can fully understand the attitude of any Senator who we must demand of our people. takes this view. Personally, I should like a clean-cut oppor­ Mr. President, what I have been saying about the tax bill tunity thus to register my own dissent from what I believe and the veto is, I repeat, in conclusion, beautifully exempli­ to be our major folly for the past 3 years. fied by the pending amendment, because the amendment in­ But, for myself, I cannot treat it as an isolated issue. cludes commitments which the Congress never had an origi­ I cannot separate it from the sum-total of our related nal opportunity to pass upon at all; it includes commitments problems which will come to a sharp reckoning in a few of a far-reaching and tremendous investment value which days with another enormous tax measure. Since I do not Congress only in a secondary opportunity has ever had a believe in an expedient double-budget system under which chance to survey at all. you smugly balance one by omitting from it any bill you It is this precise method of appropriation against which I cannot pay, and then leave the other at loose ends; since protest-a method of appropriation which in reality takes I do not believe in either executive or legislative expendi­ from Congress the appropriating power and lodges it almost tures without a definitive plan to produce compensating exclusively in the hands of the Executive. When you take revenues; since I believe the President is right in that por­ from Congress the power over the purse and lodge it in the tion of his message defining our legislative duty, even hands of the Executive, I care not how nobly meditated your though wrong in declining a kindred rule for himself; I purpose and action may have been at the moment, you have shall vote reluctantly to sustain the veto. launched the formula for dictatorship upon our country. The farmers will get their loans either way; but if we The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MOORE in the chair). follow the veto, the farmers will get their loans out of the The question is on agreeing to the amendment reported by Presidential grab bag. Thus at least Congress will escape the committee. the justified Presidential condemnation for spending with­ The amendment was agreed to. out taxing in this particular and comparatively inconse­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The next amendment of the quential instance. Thus, too, the taxpayer will be saved a committee will be stated. duplication of this burden. But the President will still be The next amendment was, on page 76, line 9, after the name spending without taxing; and, in the larger sense, Congress "District of Columbia", to insert "(not to exceed $25,000) ", will still be responSible for the original, blanket delegation so as to read: of power and purse to the Executive, the larger, original Boulder Canyon project: For the continuation of construction of offense still paradoxically continuing to enjoy the Presi­ the Boulder Canyon Dam and incidental works in the main stream dential benediction. A second wrong, however, would not of the Colorado River at Black Canyon, to create a storage reservoir, and of a complete plant and incidental structures suitable for the validate the first one; and, since I opposed the first, I must fullest economic development of electrical energy from the water oppose the second. discharged from such reservoir; to acquire by proceedings in emi­ If we have learned anything from this experience, it will nent domain or otherwise, all lands, rights-of-way, and other prop­ erty necessary for such purposes; and for incidental operations, as not be a total loss. The opportunity- to profit from the authorized by the Boulder Canyon Project Act, approved December lesson, at any rate.. will shortcy be at hand. We are to be 21~ 1928 (U. S. C.~ title 43. ch~ 12A); $9~600,000, to be 1mmedia.tely 1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3037 available and to remain avallable untU advanced to the Colorado and in line 22;after the word "exceed", to strike out "$20,000" River Dam fund, which amount shall be avallable for personal services in the District of Columbia (not to exceed $25,000) and and insert "$34,000", so as to read: in the field 'without regard to the civll--service laws and the Classi­ Mineral resources of Alaska: For continuation of the investiga­ fication Act of 1923, as amended, and for all other objects of ex­ tion of the mineral resources of Alaska, $70,000, to be available penditure that are specified for projects included in the Interior immediately, of which amount not to exceed $34,000 may be Department Appropriation Act for the fiscal year 1937, under the expended for personal services in the District of Columbia. caption "Bureau of Reclamation." The amendment was agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 80, line 3, after the word The next amendment was, on page 77, line 4, after the :fig­ "resources", to strike out "$660,000" and insert "$791,317."; ures "$6,500,000", to insert "which amount shall be available and in line 13, after the word "That", to strike out "$458,000" for personal services in the District of Columbia (not to ex­ and insert "$589,317", so as to read: ceed $15,000) and in the field without regard to the civil­ Gaging streams: For gaging streams and determining the water service laws and the Classification Act of 1923, as amended", supply of the United States, the investigation of underground cur­ so as to read: rents and artesian wells, and the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources, $791,317, of which Boulder Canyon project (All-American Canal): For continuation amount not to exceed $130,000 may be expended for personal of construction of a diversion dam, and main canal · (and appurte­ services in the District of Columbia: Provided, That no part of nant structures) located entirely within the United States connect­ this appropriation shall be expended in cooperation with States or ing the diversion dam with the Imperial and Coachella Valleys in municipalities except upon the basis of the State or municipality California; to acquire by proceedings in eminent domain, or other­ bearing all of the expense incident thereto in excess of such an wise, all lands, rights-of-way, and other property necessary for such amount as is necessary for the Geological Survey to perform its purposes; and for incidental operations, as authorized by the share of general water resource investigations, such share of the Boulder Canyon Project Act, approved December 21, 1928 (U. S. C., Geological Survey in no case exceeding 50 percent of the cost of title 43, ch. 12A); to be immediately available and to remain avail­ the investigation: Provided further, That $589,317 of this amount able until advanced to the Colorado River Dam fund, $6,500,000, shall be available only for such cooperation with States or munici­ which amount shall be available for personal services in the District palities. of Columbia (not to exceed $15,000) and in the field without regard to the civil-service laws and the Classification Act of 1923, as The amendment was agreed to. amended, and for all other objects of expenditure that are specified The next amendment was, on page 81, line 17, after the for projects included in the Interior Department Appropriation Act for the fiscal year 1937 under the caption "Bureau of Reclamation." word "thereto", to strike out "$225,000" and insert "$315J­ OOO"; in line 18, after the word "amount", to insert "$30,000 The amendment was agreed to. shall be immediately available and"; and in line 19, after The next amendment was, on page 77, line 19, after the the word "exceed", to strike out "$56,000" and insert name "District of Columbia", to change the appropriation "$120,000", so as to read: for salaries for the Director of the Geological Survey and Mineral leasing: For the enforcement of the provisions of the other personal services in the District of Columbia, from acts of October 20, 1914 (U. S. C., title 48, sec. 435), October 2, $128,060 to $150,000. 1917 (U. s. C., title 30, sec. 141), February 25, 1920 (U. S. C., title . The amendment was agreed to. 30, sec. 181), as amended, and March 4, 1921 (U. S. C., title 48, sec. 444) , and other acts relating to the mining and recovery of The next amendment was, under the subhead "General minerals on Indian and public lands and naval petroleum reserves; expenses", on page 78, line 17, after the name "United and for every other expense incident thereto, including supplies, states", to strike out "$440,000" and insert "$650,000"; in equipment, expenses of travel and subsistence, the construction, maintenance, and repair of necessary camp buildings and appur­ line 18, after the word "exceed", to strike out "$175,000" tenances thereto $315,000, of which amount $30,000 shall be im­ and insert "$250,000"; and, on page 79, line 4, after the mediately available and not to exceed $120,000 may be expended word "municipalities", to insert a colon and the following for personal services in the District of Columbia. proviso: "Provided, That the Secretary of the Interior shall The amendment was agreed to. submit to Congress at the next session a program for ex­ The next amendment was, on page 84, line 6, to change pediting the topographic mapping of the United States in an the total appropriation for the United States Geological economical manner within a period of years and the esti­ Survey from $2,352,560 to $2,827,817. mated total and annual cost thereof both in the field and in The amendment was agreed to. the District of Columbia", so as to read: The next amendment was, on page· 85, line 24, after the Topographic surveys: For topographic surveys in various por­ tions of the United States, $650,000, of which amount not to name "District of Columbia", to change the appropriation exceed $250,000 may be expended for personal services in the for operating mine rescue cars and stations and investigation District of Columbia: Provided, That no part of this appropria­ of mine accidents, under the Bureau of Mines, from tion shall be expended in cooperation with States or municipalities except upon the basis of the State or municipality bearing all of $583,215 to $609,365. the expense incident thereto in excess of such an amount as is The amendment was agreed to. necessary for the Geological Survey to perform its share of stand­ The next amendment was, on page 86, line 14, before the ard topographic surveys, such share of the Geological Survey in no word "of", to strike out "$165,400" and insert "$185,400", so case exceeding 50 percent of the cost of the survey: Provided further, That $217,000 of this amount shall be available only for as to read: such cooperation with States or municipalities: Provided, That Testing fuel: To conduct inquiries and scientific and technologic the Secretary of the Interior shall submit to Congress at the next investigations concerning the mining, preparation, treatment, and session a program for expediting the topographic mapping of the use of mineral fuels, and for investigation of mineral fuels be­ United States in an economical manner within a period of years longing to or for the use of the United States, with a view to and the estimated total and annual cost thereof both in the field their most efficient utilization; to recommend to various depart­ and in the District of Columbia. ments such changes in selection and use of fuel as may result in greater economy, and upon request of the Director of the Bureau The amendment was agreed to. of the Budget, to investigate the fuel-burning equipment in use The next amendment was, on page 79, line 12, after the by or proposed for any of the departments, establishments, or word "thereto", to strike out "$488,000" and insert "$500,000"; institutions of the United States in the District of Columbia, in line 13, after the word "exceed", to strike out "$300,000" $185,400, of which amount not to exceed $29,400 may be expended and insert "$315,000"; and in line 15, after the word "That", for personal services in the District of Columbia. to strike out "not less than" and insert "so much as may be The amendment was agreed to. necessary but not to exceed", so as to read: The next amendment was, on page 88, line 1, after the Geologic surveys: For geologic surveys in the various portions of word "aprons", to strike out "$250,366" and insert "$265,866", the United States and chemical and physical researches relative so as to read: thereto, $500,000, of which not to exceed $315,000 may be expended Oil and gas investigations: For inquiries and investigations for personal services in the District of Columbia: Provided, That and dissemination of information concerning the mining, prep­ so much as may be necessary but not to exceed $10,000 of this aration, treatment, and utilization of petroleum and natural appropriation shall be available for a survey of the occurrence gas, including economic conditions affecting the industry, and uses of granite in the Northeastern States. with a view to economic development and conserving resources The amendment was agreed to. through the prevention of waste; for the purchase of newspapers relating to the oil, gas, and allied industries: Provided, That sec­ The next amendment was, on page 79, line 20, after the tion 192 of the Revised Statutes (U. S. C., title _5, sec. 102) shall name "Alaska", to strike out "$60,000" and insert "$70,000"; not apply to such purchase of neWISpapers from this appropria- 3038 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MARCH 2 tion; and for every ·other expense incident thereto; including sup­ The next· amendment was, on page 104, after' line 21, to plies, equipment, expenses of travel and subsistence, purchase, not to exceed $6,000, exchange as part payment for, maintenance, and insert: operation of motor-propelled passenger-carrying vehicles for offi­ Appropriations herein made for the Department of the Interior cial use in field work, purchase of laboratory gloves, goggles, rub­ shall be avallable for the purchase, maintenance, operation, and ber boots, and aprons, $265,866, of which amount not to exceed r~pair of vehicles generally known as quarter-ton or half-ton $22,600 may be expended for personal services in the District of p1ck-up trucks without such trucks being considered as passen­ Columbia. ger-carrying vehicles and without the cost of purchase, mainte­ nance, operation, and repair being included in the limitation in The amendment was agreed to. the various appropriation items for the purchase, maintenance, The next amendment was, on page 89, line 23, after the operation, and repair of motor-driven passenger-carrying vehicles. word "foregoing", to strike out "$300,490" and insert "$339,- The amendment was agreed to. 990", and in line 24, before the word "may", to strike out "$220,000" and insert "$255,700"; so as to read: The next amendment was, on page 109, at the end of line 4, to change the appropriation for the Commissioner of Economics of mineral industries: For inquiries and investiga­ tions, and the dissemination of information concerning the eco­ Education and other personal services in the District of nomic problems of the min1ng, quarrying, metallurgical, and other Columbia, under the Office of Education, from $261,180 to ':Ilineral industries, with a view to assuring ample supplies and $262,980. efficient distribution of the mineral products of the mines and quarries, including studies and reports relating to uses, reserves, The amendment was agreed to. production, distribution, stocks, consumption, prices, and market­ The next amendment was, under the subhead "General ing of mineral commodities and primary products thereof; prepa­ expenses", on page 109, line 17, to strike out "$17,700" and ration of the reports of the mineral resources of the United States, including special statistical inquiries; and including personal serv­ insert "$20,000", so as to read: ices in the District of Columbia and elsewhere; purchase of fur­ For necessary traveling expenses of .the Commissioner· and em­ niture and equipment; stationery and supplies; typewriting, add­ ployees acting under his direction, Including attendance at meet4 ing and computing machines, accessories and repairs; newspapers; ings of educational associations, societies, and other organ1za­ traveling expenses; purchase, not exceeding $1,200, exchange as tions; for compensation. not to exceed $500, of employees in field part payment for, operation, maintenance, and repair of · motor­ service; for purchase, distribution, and exchange of educational propelled passenger-carrying vehicles for official use in field work; documents, motion-picture films, and lantern slides; collection, and for all other necessary expenses not included in the foregoing, exchange, and cataloging of educational apparatus and appliances, $339,990, of which amount not to exceed $255,700 may be expended articles of school furn1ture and models of school buildings illustra­ for personal services in the District of Columbia. tive of foreign and domestic systems and methods of education, and repairing the same; and other expenses not herein provided The amendment was agreed to. for, $20,000. The next amendment was, on page 90, line 23, after the figures "1934", to strike out the colon and the following The amendment was agreed to. additional proviso: "Provided further, That for the treat­ The next amendment was, under the heading "St. Eliza­ ment of disease the Bureau of Mines may sell helium at not beths Hospital", on page 122, line 25, after the word "requisi­ less than cost to hospitals and members of the medical pro­ tion", to strike out "by the disbursing agent of St. Elizabeths fession, subject to the approval of the United States Public Hospital," so as to read: Health Service", so as to read: For support, clothing, and treatment in St. Elizabeths Hospital for the Insane of insane persons from the Army, Navy, Marine Gas production for helium plants: For ·production of natural Corps, and Coast Guard, insane inmates of the National Home for gas for hel~um plants, including construction, repair, maintenance; Disabled Volunter Soldiers, persons charged with or convicted of and operatiOn of wells, pipe lines, and other facillties therefor and crimes against the United States who are insane, all persons who including purchase, not to exceed $750, and exchange as part' pay­ have become insane since their entry into the military and ment for, _maintenance, operation, and repair of motor-propelled naval service of the United States, insane civilians in the quar 4 passenger-carrying vehicles for official use in field work, $9,179: termaster service of the Army, insane persons transferred from Provided, That expenditures hereunder shall not exceed the aggre­ the Canal Zone who have been admitted to the hospital and gate· receipts covered into the Treasury in accordance with sec­ who are indigent, American citizens legally adjudged insane in tion 4 of the Permanent Appropriation Repeal Act, 1934. the Dominion of Canada whose legal residence in one of the The amendment was agreed to. States, Territories, or the District of Columbia it has been im4 possible to establish, insane beneficiaries of the Un1ted States The next amendment was, on page 91, after line 2, to Employees' Compensation, insane beneficiaries of the United insert: States Veterans' Administration, and insane Indian beneficiaries Repair of gas well: For repair of the Bush A-1 gas well, helium of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, including not exceeding $27,000 properties, Bureau of Mines, near Amarillo, Tex., $20,000. for the purchase, exchange, maintenance, repair, and operation of motor-propelled passenger-carrying vehicles for the use of the The amendment was agreed to. superintendent, purchasing agent, and general hospital business, The next amendment was, on page 93, line 14, to change and including not to exceed $185,000 for repairs and improve­ ments to buildings and grounds, $1,185,840, including mainte­ the ·total appropriation for the Bureau of Mines from nance and operation of necessary facilities for feeding employees $1,992,050 to $2,113,200. and others (at not less than cost), and tlfe proceeds therefrom The amendment was agreed to. shall reimburse the appropriation for the institution; and not The next amendment was, under the heading "National exceeding $1,500 of this sum may be expended in the removal of patients to their friends; not exceeding $1,500 in the purchase Park Service", on page 99, line 23, before the word "Shenan­ of such books, periodicals, and newspapers as may be required doah", to strike out "proposed", and on page 100, line 4, for the purposes of the hospital and for the medical library, ·and after the figures "$39,800", to strike out the colon and the not exceeding $1,500 for the actual and necessary expenses in­ following proviso: "Provided, That no part of this appropria­ curred in the apprehension and return to the hospital of escaped patients: Provided, That so much of this sum as may be re­ tion shall be available for expenditure in advance of the ac­ quired shall be available for all necessary expenses in ascertain­ ceptance on behalf of the United States of title to a mini­ Ing the· residence of inmates who are not or who cease to be mum area of 160,000 acres of land within the proposed properly chargeable to Federal maintenance in the institution and in returning them to such places of residence: Provided Shenandoah National Park, as prescribed in the act ap­ further, That no part of this· appropriation shall be expended for proved February 4, 1932 (U. S. C., title 16, sec. 403b) ", so as the purchase of oleomargarine or butter substitutes except for to read: cooking purposes: Provided further, That during the fiscal year Shenandoah National Park, Va.: For administration, protection, 1937 the District of Columbia, or any branch of the Govern­ and maintenance, including not exceeding $2,000 for the purchase, ment requiring St. Elizabeths Hospital to care for patients for maintenance, operation, and repair of motor-driven passenger­ which they are responsible shall pay by check to the Superin­ carrying vehicles for the use of the superintendent and employees tendent, upon his written request, either in advance or at the in connection with general park work, $39,800. end of each month, all or part of the estimated or actual cost of such maintenance, as the case may be, and bills rendered by The amendment was agreed to. the Superintendent of St. Elizabeths Hospital in accordance here­ with shall not be subject to audit or certification in advance of The next amendment was, on page 102, after line 7, to payment; proper adjustments on the basis of the actual cost of insert: the care of patients paid for 1n advance shall be made monthly Appomattox Court House National Historical Monument, Va.: or quarterly, as may be agreed upon between the Superintendent For development and improvement in accordance with the pro­ of St. Elizabeths Hospital and the District of Columbia govern­ visions of the act approved August 13, 1935 ( 49 Stat. 613) , to ment, department, or establishments concerned. All sums paid remain available until expended, $100,000: Provided, That no part to the Superintendent of St. Elizabeths Hospital for the care of of this appropriation shall be available for expenditure until title patients that he is authorized by law to receive shall be de­ to the land is acquired by the United States. posited to the credit on the books of the Treasury Department of the appropriation made for the care and maintenance of the The amendment was agreed to. patients at St. Elizabeths Hospital for the year in which the 1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3039 support, clothing, and treatment is provided, and be subject to Mr. GEORGE. Are these initial appropriations or will the. requisition upon the approval of the Secretary of the Interior. appropriations complete these projects? The amendment was agreed to. Mr. HAYDEN. The appropriations contained in this bill The next amendment was, on ·page 123, line 1, after the will not complete all of the projects. The projects were word "of", to strike out "a continuous-treatment building" initiated under authority granted the President by the Na­ and insert "two continuous-treatment buildings", and in line tional Industry Recovery Act and the Emergency Relief Act. 4, after the word "construction", to strike out "$250,000" and Mr. GEORGE. The Senator means under the Relief Act--­ insert "$500,000", so as to read: the Public Works Act? For construction and equipment of two continuous-treatment Mr. HAYDEN. Primarily under the Public Works Act. buildings, including preparation of plans and specifications, adver­ Mr. GEORGE. Yes. May I say to the Senator that in tising, and supervision of construction, $500,000. my candid judgment the provisions of the amendment not The amendment was agreed to. only do not cure the situation of the very vital defects that The PRESIDING OFFICER. That· completes the com­ have been so pertinently pointed out by the Senator from Michigan but they emphasize them, for we are now, as I mittee amendments. understand, ratifying by wholesale a number of projects that Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, by direction of the Com­ have been passed on only by the Appropriations Committee mittee on Appropriations I offer the amendment which I of the Senate. send to the desk. Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, the• Senator from Georgia The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be misunderstands the situation. The President in his annual stated. Budget message estimated for all of these reclamation The CHIEF CLERK. On page 74, after line 9, it is proposed projects. to insert the following: Mr. GEORGE. I understand that the President did that, The following-named reclamation projects are hereby authorized and he initiated the projects under the public-works program. to be constructed, the cost thereof to be reimbursable under the Mr. HAYDEN. There is a difference, if I may point it out reclamation law: Central Valley project, Calif.: For flood control improving ami to the Senator, in the situation in this·respect: Heretofore in aid of navigation and to provide for the general welfare in the money to begin work on these projects and to carry them cooperation with the State of California and for incidental pur­ on has been derived from public-works funds. Now, for the poses, including irrigation, drainage, and power production. first time, Congress is to appropriate money to continue their Grand Lake-Big Thompson transmountain diversion project Colo.: To irrigate public lands of the United States and to pro­ construction, which was initiated with public-works funds. vide for the general welfare in cooperation with the State of It seemed to the committee that in the circumstances Con­ Colorado and for incidental purposes, including the irrigation of gress should either authorize them by law and make the patented land, power production, and flood control: Provided, appropriations or not make any appropriations at all. So That said project shall include the construction, and the per­ manent maintenance, of adequate compensatory or replacement we are trying to do all that is required at one time and reservoirs, necessary feeder canals, and other incidental works, at make it entirely regular. the most suitable sites within said State; the water impounded Mr. GEORGE. Yes, by ratification; but the point that the by said reservoirs to be used within the Colorado River basin, Senator from Michigan made-and I beg my colleagues to and the cost of constructing and maintaining such reservoirs, feeder canals, and incidental works shall be included in . the cost give some heed to it---is that through the power to initiate a of said project and be repaid by the beneficiaries of the water long-term program, which ordinarily and properly is a mat­ so diverted from said basin: Provided further, That said project ter of congressional discretion and judgment, these projects shall be constructed and operated in such manner as to con­ tinuously maintain the normal levels of the waters of said. have been commenced out of relief funds, and now the Con­ Grand Lake. gress proposes to ratify a whole page or two of reclamation Carlsbad project, N. Mex.: To provide for the general welfare projects after they have been commenced and to make addi­ in cooperation with the State of New Mexico and for incidental tional appropriations for them. purposes, including irrigation and flood control. Deschutes project, Oreg.: To provide for the general welfare in I do not think the amendment cures; it seems to me it em­ cooperation with the State of Oregon and for incidental purposes, phasizes the very vital defect in this whole procedure that including irrigation and flood control. has been pointed out by the Senator from Michigan, and it Provo River project, Utah: To provide for the general welfare is a practice that cannot result in any possible good to repre­ in cooperation with the State of Utah and for incidental pur­ poses, including irrigation and flood control. sentative government, because, beyond any question of doubt, Yakima project, Wash., Roza division: To provide for the gen­ it is a placing of the legislative function into the hands of the eral welfare in cooperation with the State of Washington and for Executive. incidental purposes, including irrigation and flood control. I wish to say that, so far as I know, as the Senator from Casper-Alcova project, Wyo.: To irrigate public lands of the United States and to provide for the general welfare in coopera­ Michigan has said, the projects are proper; they probably tion with the State of Wyoming and for incidental purposes, in­ are all meritorious; but I cannot grasp the idea of tying the cluding the irrigation of patented lands, power production, and hands of the Congress by initial allocations of money for vast flood control. programs that always come within the discretion of the Con­ Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, the appropriations carried gress itself, and then coming back to Congress and having it in this bill for continuing the construction of a number of go through the form of ratifying two pages of reclamation irrigation projects are the first appropriations made by Con­ projects without having given any further consideration to gress for such purpose; the projects have been initiated, as the matter than the necessity of ratifying it in order to make the Senator from Michigan [Mr. VANDENBERG] has said, by it regular. the President. Mr. COUZENS. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator from The Committee on Appropriations decided that the right Arizona what information the Appropriations Committee had and proper thing to do was not only to make an appropria­ with respect to the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington? I do tion to continue the work for the next fiscal year but that not ask the Senator for a detailed explanation at this time, Congress should -affirmatively authorize the construction of but I should like to know if he could refer me to any evidence such of these projects as have heretofore not received con­ that sustains an appropriation of $20,000,000 in addition to gressional approval. I made inquiry of the Commissioner what has already been spent on that dam? of Reclamation, and the projects in the amendment I have Mr. HAYDEN. The construction of the Grand Coulee offered are those for the construction of which there has Dam was authorized by Congress last year. There is author­ heretofore been no affirmative action or authority of law. ity of law to carry on the work. The authorization con­ I deem it proper to make this explanation so that the Sen­ templates only a dam for the production of hydroelectric ate may pass upon the entire question and answer the objec­ power. The original authorization and the appropriation in tion the Senator from Michigan has raised that Congress has this bill are to carry on that work, the total cost of which abdicated its authority with respect to such projects. will be $69,000,000. Heretofore an allotment was made by Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, I should like to ask the the President of $15,000,000, and later a second allotment of Senator from Arizona a question. $20,000,000 from the Public Works funds, Congress is now Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. to appropriate $20,000,000 more. The project will require 3040 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 2 next :vear enough money to finish out the total expenditure tton together by providing through its projects the piers on wb!ch of $69,000,000. That is all the Grand Coulee program con­ modern transportation and communication bridge the western country; the produce of reclamation pays toll to rail and hl,ghway templates. carriers and helps to reduce the costs of transport as a whole. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The questi"on is on agreeing The aggregate of these values is not readily translated into a to the committee amendment. dollar equivalent. A few items, sl.lCh as railroad-traffic gains, town-valuation increases, or addition to volume of trade in manu­ The amendment was agreed to. factured products, might be found amenable to rough estimate, Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, the Senator from Michigan but they are ~nly part (and possibly the minor part) of reclama­ [Mr. VANDENBERG] made reference to the fact that there is tion's beneficial influence. In any case the social-improvement effects must be accorded a prominent place among the gains real­ a general impression that the production of crops on Gov­ ized. In these the State and the Nation are chiefly concerned. ernment reclamation projects is undesirable because of com­ • • • • • • • • petition with crops grown elsewhere in the United States. RECLAMATION VERSUS FARM CURTAILMENT I should like to have printed in the RECORD excerpts from Much discussion has centered during the past 2 years on the reports made by F. E . .Schmitt, editor of the Engineering relation between agricultural land improvement under reclamation News-Record, of New York City, and Mr. John W. Haw, and agricultural curtailment. The connection between overpro­ duction of certain staples and their low price level has caused director of the agricultural development department of the many people to see in the activities of the Agricultural Adjust­ Northern Pacific Railway Co., who were appointed by the ment Administration an unanswer.able challenge to continued Secretary of the Interror to make investigation of reclama­ reclamation. tion projects throughout the United States. Their report Current reclamation work is very largely occupied with provid­ ing needed supplemental water to farm communities that are in contains these words; distress and danger of extinction because of insufficient water :sup­ We have found no reason for believing that reclamation aggra­ ply. This work does not bring new lan-d into cultivation; and, vates the overproduction conditions now in process of correction while its purpose is to increase (or, more strictly stated, stabillze) by the agr~cultural adjustment program. the production on the areas involved, the committee does not be­ lieve it necessary to discuss whether it is wise to allow these com­ I ask permission to print in the RECORD the excerpts from munities to languish under excessively severe physical conditions the report to which.! have referred. while other farmers are paid to produce their too-flourishing pro­ duction. The only challenge that need be noticed is that directed There being no objection, the excerpts were ordered to against such projects as the Casper-Alcova, which are planned to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: irrigate new lands. · RESULTS OF 'RECLAMATION Reclamation lands are used mainly for the production of spe­ cialty crops; these are not involved in overproduction. Of the Any comparison of the West of today with that of 30 years ago, staples affected by curtailment or quota assignments, the amounts giving due consideration to how the West has been made a produced on the reclamation projects are insufficient even for component part of the Nation's industrial and ·commercial life iocal supply, with the exception of cotton and sugar. Moreover through the direct and indirect influence of reclamation, con­ (and this is probably true even of sugar and cotton), the increase firms the wisdom of the principle of public interest laid down of consumptive demand in the West directly chargeable to reclama­ by Congress in the Reclamation Act. tion development is more than e.nough to absorb their productio·n. The prosperity of a domain more than a thousand miles in An appended chart, .figure 34, showing the contribution of farm breadth, stretching from the Great Plains westward to the Sierras, products by reclamation projects, reveals the fact that project came about because of the extension of irrigation, largely during production has a negligible relation to both total and surplus the past 4 decades. Since 1902 this growth has been dominated farm production. Its chief addition is to those livestock feeds and inspired by Federal reclamation. Without the spread of pop­ and human foodstuffs in Which there is room for expansion to ulation through the deserts and the production of wealth which meet real needs. resulted from it, balanc.ed growth of the Nation as a whole could Also the project production develops a substantial agricultural not have been achieved. In br-oadening the base of the country's exchange trade between the Grain Belt and th.e West, which en­ food supply, in strengthening Its industry and transportation, i.n larges the market of the humid farm regions. Beet sugar ex­ extending its home opportunities, reclamation has been a funda­ hibits this relation instructively. The United States is a lart;e mental agency of public welfare. importer of sugar, and it is frequently said that as we replace To state the bearing of irrigation development on the Nation CUban sugar imports with our own production we destroy the more specifically: trade balance Which permits Cuba to buy our pork. The fact is In respect to 'Spread of population: Reclamation created many that irrigation projects engaged in sugar-beet production with thousands of new farm opportunities, and, in .addition, rescued their supporting communities are heavier and more certain im­ from threat of distress other thousands of farmers and their porters of hogs and pork products. Central California and south­ investment under canals· that delivered inadequate and un-cle- ' ern .Idaho, heavy beet-growing sections, are large pork importers. pendable water supplies. Through them it .gave opportunities for Reduced to simple language, the Corn and Hog Belt has the choice existence to the yet larger number 'Of those Wh'O supply the needs between a pork customer in Cuba or one in the Western States. of the farms and transport .and process their products; each irri­ This is but part of the story, however, for sugar-beet growing in gation farmer supports, besides his own, also from one to two other this country brings a cycle of industrial, commercial, and trans­ families in the towns and in the agricultural industries. portation activities that produce wide domestic benefits and add In the matter of food 'Supp1y: The reclamation projects furnish to buying power. the major part of the supply of staples to the intermountain and coast cities, whose growth depends on supplies near at hand and INCREASED AGRICULTURAL COMPETITION low in price. They contribute 'SUbstantially to the specialty-food A secondary phase of the overproduction .argument advanced requirements of the whole country. They constitute the essential .against agriculture is the charge that, even though a given crop be supply sources of lumbering and mining and livestock industries not classed as overproduced, the existing producers are exposed to in adjacent regions. increased competition when the . reclamation farmer raises the As to stimulation of industry and commerce: The reclamation same crop, and their chance for profitabl:e operation is therefore projects create new markets for manufactures, in a volume ap­ threatened. Consideration of actual facts indicates tha't the charge proaching or exceeding three-fourths ·of the crop production of the is groundless, as the assumed competition does nGt in fact exist. projects. They also .are buyers and consumers of agricultural Idaho potatoes supply the market with a high-grade baking potato products which they cannot grow effectively and must obtain independent of that of the quite different eastern or mid-West from other regions, such as corn and hogs. They also are the potato; and, more broadly, the irrigation farmer is compelled to secure foundation on which alone the industrial possibilities of time his production so as to supply the eastern market when the West can be built up. nearby areas are out of the mar.ket. · There may be a temporary FUrther. they are the essential means through which readjust-: 1 clash of interests while the adjustment is being made, but it is ment of agriculture and ·population becomes possible. When the relatively unimportant. From the consumers' standpoint irriga­ drylander is forced to abandon the insecure existence upon which tion is advantageous in providing a welcome year-round supply of he ventured in mistaken enthusiasm, he 'Seeks to discover a place vegetables, fruits, and berries. where his farm existence will be reasonably secure.; without the Finally. it has been observed that developing additional land by irrigated projects many farmers driven out by drought and crop irrigation may decrease rather than increase the farmed area of failure would be compelled to turn back to the industrial cities; the region concerned. Agricultur.al economists of the University and the younger generations from existing irrigated areas also of California stated to the committee: "Increase of irrigation in demand places where they may settle---and every sound reason California does not mean the bringing in of additional land. of population distribution dictates that they should remain in the There are fewer acres of land cultivated in California now than West. Reclamation has provided the means for these adjustments; 30 years ago." In short, marginal farming areas shrink as the it should continue to do so. more profitable irrigated lands are developed. Finally, contributions of value have been made by the projects Such readjustment and shifting of agricultural production to healthy civic development. Recl-amation has sprinkled the within the Nation, to achieve greatest economy and the use of western third of our country with flourishing communities. It land for highest purpose, is in the interests of a sound national makes possible the existence of cities that are centers of cultural economy and hannonizes with the aims of land-use planning. progress in broad regions. It supports and maintains the political Desirable and natural shifting of population should not be hin­ subdivisions that are the foundation of stable government of dered by ali attempt to hold farm population to its old locations. State and Nation, and thus it knits together this otherwise geo­ The past expansion of reclamation facilitated (though it did not graphically divided country. Reclamation further binds the Na- invite) such shifting, and the results sh-ow that it has been desir- 1936. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3041 VALUE OF "PRINCIPAL -cROPS FOR THE -ENTIRE · UNITED STATES AND FOR FEDERAL PROJECTS ONLY IN THE CASE OF COTTON. WHEAT. POTATOES. ALFALFA. APPLES. AND SUGAR BEETS IS THE -PRODUCTION OF FEDERAL PROJECTS LARGE ENOUGH TO SHOW ON THIS CHART FIGURES TAKEN FROM 1933 CROP REPORTS MILLIONS ,--..------. OF _ DO~li. RS - 900 ~

# 800 -

700 1--

600 . r-- -

.1]_--...Federa/ Projects u-Un/ted States

------~------~~ ~ ~

~~ 'C) ~Q) ~-----==--~ --~- ~ --~-- \1)----()- ltl 4 (:) () ~ Cl) ~ r- - Ql Q) .o ~ .... ~ ~ ct ;::: " " ' Q) ~ n n :; ~ .2. 0 No.Z596T Reclamation crops are a negligible part of the. country's agricultural production and include few staples 3042 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.-SENATE MARCH 2 able and beneficta.l lri this respect. · Its rea.Sonable further expan­ The PRESIDlNG OFFICER: The question is, Shall the sion in accordance with population readjustment trends is be­ lieved to be advantageous and in no way out of accord with the amendments be engrossed and the bill be read a third time? present program for aiding the industry of agriculture. The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the RECLAMATION A SUCCESSFUL POLICY bill to be read a third time. 1. Reclamation by irrigation of lands in the arid and semiarid The bill was read the third time and passed. western half of the United States is shown by its results to be MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE a sound and desirable national undertaking. It. represents a con­ structive policy of social development. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. 2. Reclamation should be continued by the Federal Govern­ Haltigan, one of its reading clerks, announced that the ment as available means may permit. It has little relation to the House had disagreed to the amendments of the Senate to problems of surplus agricultural production, while on the other hand, by. reason of its high degree of stability, it aids in making the bill (H. R. 9863) making appropriations for the Execu­ the country's food supply more regular, which in turn tends to tive Office and sundry independent executive bureaus, boards, reduce the fluctuations of the agricultural price level. commissions, and offices for the fiscal year ending June 30, Mr. GLASS. Mr. President, in behalf of the Senator from 1937, and for other purposes, asked a conference with the Maryland [Mr. TYDINGS] I offer the amendment which I Senate on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, send to the desk. and that Mr. WOODRUM, Mr. GRANFIELD, Mr. JOHNSON of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be Oklahoma, Mr. MORAN, Mr. FITZPATRICK, Mr. WIGGLESWORTH, stated. and Mr. BoLTON were appointed managers on the part of The CHIEF CLERK. On page 120, line 7, it is proposed to the House at the conference. · strike out the numerals "$17,740" and insert in lieu thereof PARK, PARKWAY, AND RECREATIONAL-AREA FACILITIES the numerals "$25,000", so as to make the paragraph read: The Senate resumed consideration of the bill

CALIFORNIA Allen Wise to be postmaster at Decorah, Iowa, in place of Lois E. Walton to be postmaster at Monte Rio, Calif., in William Linnevold. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ place of E. M. Sheridan, deceased. ruary 19, 1936. Marshall E. Walden to be postmaster at Newman, Calif., Mabel J. Arnold to be postmaster at Garden Grove, Iowa, in place of J. J. Shroy. Incumbent's commission expired in place of J. 0. Vail, removed. January 9, 1936. John Vanderwicken to be postmaster at Grundy Center, FLORIDA Iowa, in place of H. L. NICkerson. Incumbent's commission expired January 12, 1936. Joe Sidney Savary to be postmaster at Inverness, Fla., in Otis H. 0. Nelson to be postmaster at Humboldt, Iowa, in place of S. E. Sweat. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ place of J. G. Devine. Incumbent's commission expired uary 13, 1936. January 12, 1936. GEORGIA Wallace H. Blair to be postmaster at Lamoni, Iowa, in Clyde W. Hill to be postmaster at Blairsville, Ga., in place place of L. G. Kelley. Incumbent's commission expires of J. A. Brackett. Incumbent's commission expired Janu­ March 17, 1936. ary 7, 19.36. Ernest H. Ross to be postmaster at Logan, Iowa, in place Joseph D. Long to be postmaster at Bremen, Ga., in place of B. W. Stearns, removed. of J. D. Long. Incumbent's commission expired January 7, Kathryn D. Eden to be postmaster at Manning, Iowa, in 1936. place of G. E. Holmberg. Incumbent's commission expired Mary L. Burch to be postmaster at Eastman, Ga., in January 12, 1936. place of M. L. Burch. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ William B. Perkins to be postmaster at Seymour, Iowa, ruary 17, 1936. in place of H. K. Evans, Jr. Incumbent's commission expired Robert A. Fowler to be postmaster at Fort Gaines, Ga., in January 12, 1936. place of W. C. Chambers. Incumbent's commission expired KANSAS January 7, 1936. Jay F. Higbee to be postmaster at Formoso, Kans., in place Arthur G. Williams to be postmaster at Jesup, Ga., in of D. A. Nywall. Incumbent's commission expired January 8, place of A. G. Williams. Incumbent's commission expired 1936. February 17, 1936. Anna M. Bryan to be postmaster at Mullinville, Kans., in Jesse W. Mundy to be postmaster at Jonesboro, Ga., in place of A. M. Bryan. Incumbent's commission expires place of C. F. Duffee. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ March 10, 1936. uary 25, 1936. Edwin W. Coldren to be postmaster at Oberlin, Kans., in Kenneth E. Stapleton to be postmaster at Lakeland, Ga., place of C. P. Stevenson. Incumbent's commission expired in place of K. E. Stapleton. Incumbent's commission ex­ January 8, 1936. pired February 17, 1936. Leo P. Gallagher to be postmaster at Osborne, Kans., in Thomas M. Carson to be postmaster at Lavonia, Ga., in place of H. H. Glidden. Incumbent's commission expired place of V. M. Jones. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ December 20, 1932. uary 7, 1936. Paul J. Voran to be postmaster at Pretty Prairie, Kans., Augustus H. Flake to be postma·ster at Lithonia, Ga., in in place of Charlie Gray. Incumbent's commission expired place of T. E. Watson. Incumbent's commission expired January 8, 1936. January 7, 1936. James E. Gay to be postmaster at Spring Hill, Kans., in Morine Allgood to be postmaster at Temple, Ga. Office place of S. M. Simmons. Incumbent's commission expired became Presidential July 1, 1935. January 25, 1936. Charlie B. Short to be postmaster at Thomaston, Ga., in Grover Miller to be postmaster at Syracuse, Kans., in place of H. L. Dayton. Incumbent's commission expired place of J. B. Pratt. Incumbent's commission expires March January 7, 1936. 10, 1936. Minnie E. Giddens to be postmaster at Willacoochee, Ga., KENTUCKY in place of M. E. Giddens. Incumbents commission expired Mattie Blackwell to be postmaster at Dixon, Ky., in place February 17, 1936. of B. W. Mauzy. Incumbent's commission expired January IDAHO 27, 1936. Elsie H. Welker to be postmaster at Cambridge, Idaho, in Davis N. Thomas to be postmaster at McKee, Ky. Office place of E. H. Welker. Incumbent's commission expired became Presidential July 1, 1935. February 5, 1936. Joseph B. Ellington to be postmaster at Nortonville, Ky., ILLINOIS in place of J. N. Oates. Incumbent's commission expired January 23, 1935. Benjamin F. Price to be postmaster at Allendale, Ill., in Lucy W. Dyer to be postmaster at Sturgis, Ky., in place of place of W. M. Rentschler, removed. I. M. Christian. Incumbent's commission expired January Harry 0. Johnson to be postmaster at White Hall, Ill., in 27, 1936. place of L. R. Winn. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ LOUISIANA uary 7, 1936. William F. Roy, Jr., to be postmaster at Arabi, La., in place INDIANA of R. E. Bynum, retired. Clarence H. Andres to be postmaster at Batesville, Ind., in William L. Galloway to be i:>ostmaster at Arcadia, La., in place of N. D. McCallum. Incumbent's commission expired place of W. L. Galloway. Incumbent's commission expired January 9, 1936. December 20, 1934. Edward H. Scales to be postmaster at Petersburg, Ind., in Jesse D. McBride to be postmaster at Bastrop, La., in place place of Lloyd Burch: Incumbent's commission expired of I. c. Fife, removed. January 9, 1936. Herman E. Hebert to be postmaster at Berwick, La., in Roy Beck to be postmaster at Tipton, Ind., in place of place of C. E. Jolley, deceased. W. J. Zehner, removed. Clarence L. Black to be postmaster at Bogalusa, La., in Perry R. Moore to be postmaster at Zionsville, Ind., in place of L. 0. Taylor, removed. place of J. C. Hodge. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ Reynald J. Patin to be postmaster at Breaux Bridge, La., ruary 4, 1935. in place of R. J. Patin. Incumbent's commission expired IOWA May 20, 1934. Hiram L. Mann to be postmaster at Adel, Iowa, in place of Joseph C. Ballay to be postmaster at Buras, La. Office H. H. Thornton, removed. became Presidential July 1, 1935. Laurence E. Kucheman to be postmaster at Bellevue, Iowa, Robert B.. Matthews to be postmaster at Castor, La., in in place of G. L. Beeler. Incumbent's commission expired place of R. B. Matthews. Incumbent's commission expired January 12, 1936. January 9, 1936. 1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3059 John Freiler to be postmaster at Clinton, La., in place of Hube?t A. Duhe to be postmaster at Reserve, La., in place R. A. · Dilly; removed. of H. A. Donaldson. Incumbent's commission expired May Joseph W. Stegall to be postmaster at Delhi,. La., in place 20, 1934. of E. I. Montgomery. Incumbent's commission expired De­ Howard J. Durand to be postmaster at Saint Martinville, cember 20, 1934. La., in place of L. J. Bonin. Incumbent's commission ex­ John Allen to be postmaster at Denham Springs, La., in pired February I, 1934. place of E. B. Miller, removed. Lucille B. Germany to be postmaster at Scotlandville, La., George H. Richard, Jr., to be postmaster at Donaldsonville, in place of F. G. Rieger. Incumbent's commission expired La., in place of P. T. Thibodaux. Incumbent's commission June 13, 1933. expired December 16, 1934. Albert G. Boudreaux to be postmaster at Thibodaux, La., William 0. Woodward to be postmaster at Dubach, La., in in place of A. G. Boudreaux. Incumbent's commission ex­ place of H. G. Allen, resigned. pired February 21, 1935. Clement Bourgeois to be postmaster at Erath, La., in place Stanislaus J. Waguespack, Jr. to be postmaster at Vacherie, of ClemE'nt Bourgeois. Incumbent's commission expired La., in place of Otis Waguespack. Incumbent's commission June 26, 1934. expired Jun~ 28, 1934. Claude C. Badeaux to be postmaster at Garden City, La. Allan F. Hebert to be postmaster at White Castle, La., in Office became Presidential July 1. 1935. place of Louis Hebert, resigned. Will W. Colbert to be postmaster at Gibsland, La.,. in place Roberi E. Loudon to be postmaster at Zachary, La., in of M. L. Tatum. Incumbent's commission expired February place of R. E. Loudon. Incumbent's commission expired De­ 1, 1934. cember 16, 1934. Claude R. Moncrief to be postmaster at Golden Meadow, MAINE La. Offiee became Presidential July 1, 19'35. Delta F. Smith to be postmaster ·at Mapleton, Maine. Albert B. Coroy to be postmaster at Gonzales, La., in place Office became Presidential July 1, 1935. of J. A. Marchand. Incumbent's commission expired May mram Ricker, Jr., to be postmaster at South Poland, 17 r 1932. Maine, in place of Hiram Ricker, Jr. Incumbent's commis­ Joseph M. Sitman to be postmaster at Greensburg. La., sion expired March 10, 1936. in place of M. C. Phillips, removed. Lester E. Goud to be postmaster at Topsham, Maine, in Elizabeth Crawford to be postmaster at Gretna, La., in place of L. K Gaud. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ place of Elizabeth Crawford. Incumbent's commission ex­ ruary 17, 1936. pired January 9, 1936. Edward C. Bridges to be postmaster at York Village, Maine, John J. Martin to be postmaster at Gueydan, La., in place in place of E. C. Bridges. Incumbent's· commission expired of Bernard Isaacs. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ February 17,. 1936. uary 28, 1934. Henry Buller to be postmaster at Iowa, La. Office became MARYLAND Presidential July 1, 1934. Evelyn B. McBride to be postmaster at Street, Md. Office Marion A. Tolusso to be postmaster at Istrouma, La., in became Presidential July 1, 1935. place of Leona Palmer. Incumbent's commission expired MASSACHUSETTS December 16, 1933. Charles E. Morrison to be postmaster at Falmouth, Mass., James C. Howell to be postmaster at Jackson, La., in place in place of W. J. Lockhart. Incumbent's commission ex­ of M. S. Kiblinger. Incumbent's commission expired De­ pired February 25, 1935. cember 18, 1933. Thomas F. Donahue to be postmaster at Groton, Mass., in Edgar L. Chaney to be postmaster at Jeanerette, La., in place of L. E. Johnson. Incumbent's commission expired place of E. E. Steckler. Incumbent's commission expired January 2'7, 1936. February 28, 1933. Nelson J. Buckwheat to be postmaster at Huntington, H. Ernest Benefiel to be postmaster at Kenner, La., in place Mass., in place of C. E. Hamblin. Incumbent's commission of H. E. Benefiel. Incumbent's commission expired January expired January 9, 1936. 28, 1936. John H. Gavin to be postmaster at Manchester, Mass., in Jesse M. Hutchinson to be postmaster at Kentwood, La.. place of E. H. Wilcox. Incumbent's commission expired in place of J. M. Hutchinson. Incumbent's commission ex­ January 27, 1936. (Removed without prejudice.) pired January 9, 1936. Thomas A. O'Connor to be postmaster at North Easton, Alvin C. Brunson to be postmaster at Mangham, La., in Mass., in place of A. K. Briggs. Incumbent's commission place of A. C. Brunson. Incumbent's commission expired expired February 9, 1936. January 9, 1936. Charles J. Slack to be postmaster at Maringouin, La., in Margaret E. Rourke to be postmaster at Prides Crossing, Mass., in place of M. E. Rourke. Incumbent's commission place of C. J. Slack. Incumbent's commission expired June 6, 1934. expired January 27, 1936. Mary K. Roark to be postmaster at Marion, La., in place of MICHIGAN M. K. Roark. Incumbent's commission expired June 10, Max. P. Ladwig to be postmaster at Baroda, Mich., in place 1934. . of W. C. Casselman. Incumbent's commission expired April Frank Warren to be postmaster at Merryville, La., in place 8, 1934.

George W. Pidgeon to be postmaster at Constantine, Mich., MISSOURI in place of B. A. Dickerson, removed. Birdie Lee See to be postmaster at Corder, Mo., in· place Herbert H. Creagan to be postmaster at Decatur, Mich., in of A. B. Thomas. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ place of F. G. Rafter, resigned. ary 9, 1936. . Gladys E. Gaskill to be postmaster at Delton, Mich., in EarlL. Smithson to be postmaster at Exeter, Mo., in place place of G. E. Gaskill. Incumbent's commission expired of M. M. Meador, removed. February 5, 1935. Roy Carter Hendren to be postmaster at Hamilton, Mo., George C. DuVall to be postmaster at Fennville, Mich., in in place of H. C. Shively. Incumbent's commission expired place of C. E. Bassett. Incumbent's commission expired February 9, 1936. · April 28, 1934. John Earle Lyons to be postmaster at Higginsville, Mo., Clara Woodruff to be postmaster at Freeland, Mich., in in place of George Scott. Incumbent's commission expired ·place of Clara Woodruff. Incumbent's commission expired February 9, 1936. February 5, 1936. Elton C. Cook to be postmaster at Lathrop, Mo., in place Bernard R. Micks to postmaster at Gladstone, Mich., in of E. D. Seaton. Incumbent's commission expired January place of F. A. Miller. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ 9, 1936. ruary 20, 1935. Kathryn Barry to be postmaster at Mendon, Mo., in place · Nina May Chapman to· be postmaster at Kenton, Mich. of B. s. Littrell. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ Office became Presidential July 1, 1935. ary 24, 1936. . Lydia E. Wilkinson to be postmaster at Lakeside, Mich., in John P. Martin to be postmaster at Monett, Mo., in place place of E. J. Glidden. Incumbent's commission expired of S. A. Chapell. Incumbent's commission expired February December 18, 1934. 25, 1935. Irwell Brody to be postmaster at Lawton, Mich., in place of Lula Young to be postmaster at Niangua, Mo., in place of F. R. Gibson, removed. G. C. Young, deceased. Gerald P. Riley to be postmaster at Mendon, Mich., in place Max L. Kelley to be postmaster at Steele, Mo., in place of of I. J. Stephens. Incumbent's commission expired January R. R. Marshall. Incumbent's commission expired January 9, '22, 1935. 1936. Clifford A. Gardner to be postmaster at Middleville, Mich., MONTANA in place of E. F. Blake, resigned. Leslie L. Like to be postmaster at Drummond, Mont., in Fred c. Franz to be postmaster at Niles, Mich., in place of place of L. L. Like. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ A. G. Stone, retired. ary 17, 1936. William F. Murphy to be postmaster at St. Joseph, Mich., in Mary B. Bacon to be postmaster at Ismay, Mont., in place place of E. A. Gast, deceased. of R. W. Broman. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ Archie G. O'Neal to be postmaster at Saugatuck, Mich., in ary 27, 1935. place of R. W. Clapp. Incumbent's commission expired Janu­ Thomas Butler to be postmaster at Miles City, Mont., in ary 9, 1934. place of R. H. Michaels. Incumbent's commission expired Harold E. Merritt to be postmaster at South Haven, Mich., January 22, 1935. in place of Curtis Van Prentice. Incumbent's commission Ralph Drew to be postmaster at Somers, Mont., in place of expired January 8, 1933. (Removed without prejudice.) L. E. Ferry. Incumbent's commission expired December 9, John E. Bommerscheim to be postmaster at Three Oaks, 1934. Mich., in place of F. M. Watson, removed. Albert Hole to be postmaster at Wheeler, Mont. Office John F. Cross to be postmaster at Three Rivers, Mich., in became Presidential January 1, 1936. place of W. W. Walter, retired. Wilbur E. Davis to be postmaster at Vandalia, Mich., in NEBRASKA place of F. E. Wagner. Incumbent's commission expired Mary L. Simmons to be postmaster at Bloomfield, Nebr., in April 22, 1933. place of M. L. Simmons. Incumbent's commission expired John R. Crumb to be postmaster at Watervliet, Mich., in February 24, 1936. place of J. M. Klipp. Incumbent's commission expired April Roger M. Closs to be postmaster at Wymore, Nebr., in 16, 1934. place of F. E. Crawford. Incumbent's commission expired January 25, 1936. MINNESOTA NEW HAMPSHIRE Thomas J. Murphy to be postmaster at Adrian, Minn., in John W. Prescott to be postmaster at Raymond, N.H., in place of s. E. Nelson. Incumbent's commission expired De­ place of E. F. Stevens. Incumbent's commission expired cember 20, 1934. March 22, 1934. James J. Daly to be postmaster at Frazee, Minn., in place of G. H. Baer, removed. NEW JERSEY William P. Kern to be postmaster at Jersey City, N.J., in George J. Andrews to be postmaster at Paynesville, Minn., in place of P. J. Hartigan, removed. place of G. H. Russell. Incumbent's commission expired January 9, 1936. Thomas G. Schaefer to be postmaster at Sauk Rapids, Walter F. Hoagland to be postmaster at Kenilworth, N.J., Minn., in place of 0. C. H. Heinzel. Incumbent's commission in place of W. F. Hoagland. Incumbent's commission ex­ expired February 25, 1935. pired February 19, 1936. MISSISSIPPI Walter E. Riddle to be postmaster at Sayreville, N. J., in Cecil W. Tinnin to be postmaster at Isola, Miss., in place place of A. E. Holmes. Incumbent's commission expired of c. w. Tinnin. Incumbent's commission expired February January 22, 1935. 17, 1936. Frank T. Callahan to be postmaster at Swedesboro, N.J., Isaac M. Jackson to be postmaster at Iuka, Miss., in place in place of C. H. Wilson, removed. of W. L. Goodman. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ NEW MEXICO uary 10, 1935. Ruth L. Thomas to be postmaster at Corona, N. Mex., in Roy s. Burroughs to be postmaster at Kosciusko, Miss., in place of M. c. DuBois. Incumbent's commission expired place of J. s. Niles. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ March 22, 1934. ruary 17, 1936. NEW YORK Robert H. Redus to be postmaster at Starkville, Miss., in Charles w. Dunn to be postmaster at Calcium, N. Y., in place of R. H. Redus. Incumbent's commission expired place of C. W. Dunn. Incumbents commission expired February 17, 1936. February 17, 1936. Charles M. Jaco to be postmaster at Winona, Miss., in Albert Werner to be postmaster at Gardenville, N. Y., in place of C. M. Jaco. Incumbent's commission expired Feb­ place of R. H. Ferrand. Incumbent's commission expired ruary 17, 1936. May 2, 1934. 1936 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3061 Truman E. Brown to be postmaster at Wells, N. Y., in PENNSYLVANIA place of T. E. Brown. Incumbent's commission expired Frank L. Allen to be postmaster at Allenwood, Pa., in. February 24, 1936. place of Fred Ungard. Incumbent's commission expired NORTH CAROLINA June 24, 1934.. Joseph A. Leigh to be postmaster at Belhaven, N. C., in James L. Schmonsky to be postmaster at Clarendon, Pa.~ place of Jed Shepardson. Incumbent's commission expired in place of D. E. Trone, removed. Pete.r V. Abel to be postmaster at Graterford, Pa., in place January 18, 1936. Fred M. Bradley to be postmaster at Old Fort, N. C., in of E. S. Lawrence. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ place of D. H. Gosorn. Incumbent's commission expired uary 9, 1935. John H. Shields to be postmaster at New Alexandria, Pa., February 25, 1935. James H. McKenzie to be postmaster at Salisbury, N. C., in place of J. G. Cook. Incumbent's commission expired in place of P. N. Peacock. Incumbent's commission expired December 18, 1933. Lina E. Williams to be postmaster at Reno, Pa., in place February 24, 1936. Fred M. Pearce to be postmaster at Wendell, N. C., in of L. E. Williams. Incumbent's commission expired January place of G. H. Wright, Jr. Incumbent's commission expired 27, 1936. Harold G. Freeman to be postmaster at Sinking Spring, January 18, 1936. Arthur T. Newsome to be postmaster at Winton, N.C., in Pa., in place of R. L. Harpel. Incumbent's commission ex­ place of I. L. Jordan. Incumbent's commission expired pired February 10, 1936. Wave Ledrew Blakeslee to be postmaster at Spartansburg, January 18, 1936. Pa., in place of F. G. Jones, resigned. NORTH DAKOTA SOUTH CAROLINA Oscar J. Haner to be postmaster at Douglas, N.Dak., in Katie Lee Mcintyre to be postmaster at Clio, S.C., in place place of 0. J. Haner. Incumbent's commission expires of R. F. Smith. Incumbent's commission expired June 4, March 10, 1936. 1934. Orna F. Leedy to be postmaster at Goodrich, N. Dak., in Fred L. Timmerman to be postmaster at Graniteville, place of o. F. Leedy. Incumbent's commission expired S. C., in place of F. L. Timmerman. Incumbent's commis­ February 9, 1936. sion expires March 10, 1936. Harold J. Rock to be postmaster at Hamilton, N. Dak. Dixon D. Davis to be postmaster at Greenville, S. C., in Office became Presidential July 1, 1935. place of C. C. Withington, resigned. John c. Black to be postmaster at Plaza, N.Dak., in place Oleda H. Garrett to be postmaster at North Charleston, of J. c. Black. Incumbent's commission expires March 10, s. C., in place of 0. H. Garrett. Incumbent's commission 1936. expired February 26, 1936. seth E. Garland to be postmaster at Tioga, N. Dak., in TENNESSEE place of s. E. Garland. Incumbent's commission expires Myrtis F. Ramer to be postmaster at Bethel Springs, March 10, 1936. Tenn. Office became Presidential July 1, 1935. OHIO Richard M. Austin to be postmaster at Decherd, Tenn., in Thomas H. Mulvey to be postmaster at Girard, Ohio, in place of S. W. Ingersoll, deceased. place of J. G. Lewis. Incumbent's commission expired Janu­ TEXAS ary 7, 1936. Maggie P. Rhew to be postmaster at Anderson, Tex., in Noah H. Overturf to be postmaster at Granville, Ohio, in place of M. P. Rhew. Incumbent's commission expires place of E. L. Jones. Incumbent's commission expired Janu­ March 10, 1936. ary 7, 1936. Ella Bartlett to be postmaster at George West, Tex., in Orville C. Frantz to be postmaster at Martins Ferry, Ohio, place of M. A. Wilder. Incumbent's commission expired in place of Heyward Long. Incumbent's commission expired February 25, 1935. February 5, 1936. Ira s. Koon to be postmaster at Hallsville, Tex., in place John H. H. Welsch to be postmaster at Port Washington, of I. s. Koon. Incumbent's commission expires March 10, Ohio. Office became presidential July 1, 1935. 1936. Frank W. Feist to be postmaster at Steubenville, Ohio, in Nellie Magowan to be postmaster at Mathis, Tex., in place place of E. M. Gilson. Incumbent's commission expired of A. C. Koepsel, removed. February 5, 1936. Alfred C. Finley to be postmaster at Meadow, Tex., in place Glen C. Rine to be postmaster at Utica, Ohio in place of of A. J. Nelson. Incumbent's commission expired Febru­ Mayme Bell. Incumbent's commission expired February 5. ary 20, 1935. 1936. Otto V. Hightower to be postmaster at Odem, Tex., in OKLAHOMA place of A. C. Wahl, resigned. · Grover C. ·Stephens to be postmaster at Sierra Blanca, Melvin L. Claw to be postmaster at Holdenville, Okla., in Tex., . in place of G. C. Stephens. Incumbent's commission place of J. C. Buell. Incumbent's commission expired Feb- expired February 19, 1936. ruary 5, 1936. · Thomas C. Murray to be postmaster at Sonora, Tex., in · Vera L. Moreland to be postmaster at Hominy, Okla., in place of T. C. Murray. Incumbent's commission expired place of J. P. Rookstool. Incumbent's commission expired January 8, 1936. February 21, 1935. Clara M. Bean to be postmaster at Van Horn, Tex., in place OREGON of c. M. Bean. Incumbent's commission expired February · John Howard Fuller to be postmaster at Ashland, Oreg., 5, 1936. in place of F. D. Wagner. Incumbent's commission expired James Mitchell Pittillo to be postmaster at Waco, Tex., in January 22, 1936. place of C. V. McMahan. Incumbent's commission expires Henry J. Atlee to be postmaster at Banks, Oreg., in place April 4, 1936. of A. C. Wahl, resigned. · UTAH Walter R. Powell to be postmaster at Burns, Oreg., in Raymond F. Walters to be postmaster at Price, Utah, in place of W. P. Skiens, removed. place of C. W. Empey, removed. George W. Leslie to be postmaster at Marshfield, Oreg., VERMONT in place of D. E. Douglas. InGumbent's commission expired ' Edward J. Owens to be postmaster at Barre, Vt., in place January 22, 1936. , of F. E. Robinson, retired. George A. McCulloch to be postmaster at Reedsport, Oreg., Isabel Neary to be postmaster at Shelburne, Vt., in place in place of R. G. Cairns. Incumbent's commission expired of Isabel Neary. Incumbent's commission expires March 10, February 20, 1935. 1936. 3062 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 2

VIRGINIA Row~n Palmer Lemly to be colonel,· Infantry. William N. Guill to be postmaster at Halifax·, Va., in place Leroy Pierce Collins to be colonel, Field Artillery. of F. B. Rice, deceased. Ballard Lyerly to be colonel, Field Artillery. William R. Rogers to be postmaster at Hilton Village, Va., George Albert Wildrick to be colonel, Coast Artillery Corps. in place of W. R: Rogers. Incumbent's commission expires Allen Kimberly to be colonel, Coast Artillery Corps. March 10, 1936. Thomas Aquila Clark to be colonel, Ordnance Department. Clarence W. Bradford to be postmaster at Keller, Va., in place of J. W. Stockley, removed. Phillip Woodfin Booker to be colonel, Field Artillery. Lena Campbell to be postmaster at Madison Heights, Va., James Alexander O'Connor to be colonel, Corps of Engi- neers. in place of Lena· Campbell. Incum~ent's commission expires March 10, 1936. Lewis Hayes Watkins to be colonel, Corps of Engineers. WASHINGTON Richard Park to be colonel, Corps of Engineers. Andrew H. Byram to be postmaster at Millwood, Wash., Daniel Isom Sultan to be colonel, Corps of Engineers. in place of A. H. Byram. Incumbent's commission expired John Boursiquat Rose to be colonel, Ordnance Department. February 19, 1936. Charles Tillman Harris, Jr., to be colonel, Ordnance De- WEST VIRGINIA partment. Howard E. West to be postmaster at St. Marys, W. Va., Maxwell Murray to be colonel, Field Artillery. in place of S. V. Riggs. Incumbent's commission expired William Edgar Shedd, Jr., to be colonel, Coast Artillery. January 7, 1936. Howard Kendall Loughry to be colonel, Coast Artillery.­ WISCONSIN Robert Price Gla.1sburn to be colonel, Coast Artillery. Maxwell Jenks to be postmaster ·at Abbotsford, Wis., in Harry Keneth Rutherford to be colonel, Ordnance Depart- place of H. T. Ketcham. Incumbent's commission expired ment. February 25, 1935. Fred Taylor Cruse to be colonel, Field Artillery. L. Paul Mundschau to be postmaster at Dousman, Wis., James Preston Marley to be colonel, Field Artillery. in place of H. J. Gramling, Jr., removed. Robert' Arthur to be colonel, Coast Artillery Corps. Lila E. -Town to be postmaster at Nashotah, Wis., in place Lucjan Dent Booth to be colonel, Ordnance Department. of E. S. Bartlett. Incumbent's commission expired January Waldo Charles Potter. to be colonel, Field Artillery. 18, 1936. Henry Henderson Pfeil to be colonel, Adjutant General's Kathryn C. Meisner to be postmaster at Wittenberg, Wis., Department. · in place of M. H. Schlytter. Incumbent's commission ex­ Clyde Leslie Eastman to be colonel, Signal Corps. pired February 10, 1936. James Macdonald Lockett to be colonel, Infantry. WYOMING Jesse Cyrus Drain to be colonel, Infantry. Edmund P. Landers to be postmaster at Casper, Wyo., in Charles Henry Rice to be colonel, Infantry. place of V. W. Mokler. Incumbent's commission expired Melvin Guy Faris to be colonel, Infantry. . January 9, 1936. William Jackson McCaughey to be colonel, Infantry. Orcemas 0. Davis to be postmaster at Green River, Wyo., Eugene Ross Householder to be colonel, Adjutant General's in place of R. A. Hoover, deceased. Department. · Ann D. Keenan to be postmaster at Pine Bluffs, Wyo., in Eugene Santschi, Jr., to be colonel, Infantry. place of Conrad Johnson. Incumbent's commission expired William Addleman Ganoe to be colonel, Infantry. January 22, 1936. Lester Leland Lampert to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Charles Harrison Corlett to be lieutenant colonel, .Infantry. Louis Alexander Falligant to be lieutenant colonel, In ... CONFIRMATIONS fan try. Executive · nominations confirmed by the Senate March 2 William Ord Ryan to be lieutenant c<;>lonel, Air Corps. · (legislative (l_ay of Feb. ~4), 1936 William Francis Maher to be lieutenant co,lonel, Field APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY Artillery. Col. Daniel Van Voorhis, Cavalry, to be brigadier general. John Kennard to be lieutenant colonel, Cavalry. Col. ·Walter Schuyler Grant, Cavalry, to be brigadier John Bellinger Thompson to be lieutenant colonel, Cav- general. alry. Col. Ben Lear, Cavalry, to be brigadier general. Hamner Huston to be lieutenant colonel, Sigrial Corps. Col. George Redfield Spalding, to be brigadier general. Jens Anderson Doe to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Col. Duncan Kennedy Major, Jr., to be brigadier general. Willis James Tack to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Col. Walter Campbell Sweeney to be brigadier general. Edward Leuffer N. Glass to be lieutenant colonel, Cavalry. Col. Edwin Simpson Hartshorn to be brigadier general. William Edward Burr to be lieutenant colonel. Field Ar- Harrison Schermerhorn Markham to be second lieutenant tillery. of Infantry. Eugene Villaret to be lieutenant colonel, Coast Artillery Henry Irving Riley to be first lieutenant in the Air Corps. Corps. Cuyler Llewellyn Clark to be lieutenant colonel, Field APPOINTMENTS BY TRANSFER IN THE REGULAR ARMY Artillery. Maj. Alfred Schrieber Balsam to Quartermaster Corps. Reiff Hesser Hannum to be lieutenant colonel, Ordnance Second Lt. John Hicks Anderson to Corps of Engineers. Department. Second Lt. Robert Butler Warren to c·orps of Engineers. Clarence Corinth Benson to be lieutenant colonel, Cavalry. First Lt. William Lewis Bell, Jr., to Ordnance Department. Thomas Henry Rees, Jr.,' to be lieutenant colonel, Cavalry. First Lt. Robert George Butler, Jr., to Ordnance Depart- Floyd Randall Waltz to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. ment. John Henry Woodberry to be lieutenant colonel, Ordnance First Lt. Ralph Bishop Strader to Chemical Warfare Department. Service. Harold Francis Loomis to be lieutenant colonel, Coast First Lt. Daniel Turner Workizer to Field Artillery. Artillery Corps. First Lt. Alexander Johnston Sutherland to Coast Artil­ Leland Harold Stai:l.ford to be lieutenant colonel, Signal lery Corps. Corps. First Lt. Richard Byington Carhart to Quartermaster Fred Hayes Gallup to be lieutenant colonel, Field Artillery. Corps. Carl Spatz to be lieutenant colonel, Air Corps. PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY Harold Roe Bull to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Harry Hall Pritchett to be colonel, Infantry. James Byron Haskell to be lieutenant colonel, Signal Jere Baxter to be colonel, Infantry. . Corps. Frank Kirby Chapin to be colonel, Cavalry. Charles Morton Milliken to be lieutenant colonel, Signal Lloyd Ralston Fredendall to be colonel, Infantry. Corps. 1936 - - . CONGRESSIONAL RECO-RD-· · SENATE 3063 James Fred Byrom to be ·lieutenant colonel, Infantry. John Edwin Ray to be major, ·Field Artillery. Woodfin Grady Jones to be lieutenant ·colonel, Infantry. Clyde Lloyd Hyssong to be major, Adjutant General's De- James Patrick Hogan to be lieutenant colonel, Coast Artil- partment. lery Corps. Raymond Jay Williamson to be major, Infantry. Paul Clarence Paschal to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Vere Painter to be major, Quartermaster Corps. John Leo Parkinson to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Walter Julius Ungethuem to be major, Chemical Warfare Gooding Packard to be lieutenant colonel, Coast Artillery Service. Corps. Albert Edgar Billing to be major, Field Artillery. Walter Gullion to be lieutenant colonel, Adjutant Gen­ Robert Oney Wright to be major, Cavalry. eral's Department. ·Edwin Todd Wheatley to be major, Infantry. Francis Marion Brannan to be lieutenant colonel, In-. John Winthrop Matt to be major, Infantry. fantry. Jess Garnett Boykin to be major, Cavalry. Adam Empie Potts to be lieutenant colonel, Coast Artil- John Charles Macdonald to be major, Cavalry. lery Corps. Harvey Shelton to major, Infantry. William Rutledge Orton to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Thomas Robert Gibson to be major, Infantry. Rufus Sumter Bratton to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Harold Edwards Stow to be major, Infantry. Sylvester DeWitt Downs, Jr., to be lieutenant colonel, Field William Burl Johnson to be major, Quartermaster Corps. i Artillery. Wilfred Hill Steward to be major, Coast Artillery Corps. Orlando· Ward to be lieutenant colonel, Field Artillery. Merl Louis Broderick to be major, Infantry. Benjamin Grant Weir to be lieutenant colonel, Air' Corps. -Lester Austin \Vebb, to be major, Infantry. Ralph Royce to be lieutenant colonel, Air _Corps. · Samuel Lewis Buracker to be major, Infantry, Thomas Huntington Monroe to be lieutenant colonel, In- Arthur Edwin Burnap to be major, Infantry. fantry. James Harrison Donahue, to be major, Infantry. Roger Burnett Harrison to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Thomas Patrick Walsh to be major, Finance Department. Benjamin Fiery Hoge to be lieutenant colonel, Cavalry. William Robert Hamby to be major, Cavalry. Frederick Herr to be lieutenant colonel, Cavalry. Henry Winter Borntraei?;er to be major, Infantry. Clifford James Mathews to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry: ·Horace Benjamin Smith to -be major, Infantry. FranlcWilliam. Milburn to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry. Barlow Winston to be major, Quartermaster Corps. Isaac .. Gill, Jr., to be lieutenant colonel, Infantry, Maurice Rose to be major, Cavalry. John Curtis Newton to be major, Infantry. Chester Morse Willingham to be major, Infantry. Graeme Gordon Parks to be major, Infantry. Gene Russell Mauger to be major, Cavalry. Edwin :Paull Ketchum to be major, Corps of Engineers. Joseph Jerome Fraser to be major, Infantry. Frank Lee McCoy to be major, Infantry. FrankL. Burns to be major, Infantry. Cyril Clifton Chandler to be major, Infantry. Hugh Bryan Hester to be major, Field Artillery. James Francis Clark Hyde to be major, Corps of Engineers. James Mahan Roamer to be major, Infantry. Robert ·Ja:rries Kirk, Jr., to be major, Infantry. · Maylon Edward Scott to be major, Field Artillery. Leo Alexander Bessette to be major, Infantry. James Dallace Bender to be major, Infantry. James Wellington Younger to be major, Quartermaster Louis Howard Thompson to be major, Coast Artillery Corps. Corps. Amory Vivian Eliot to be major, Signal Corps. Ellis Bates to be major, Infantry. James Clarence Reed to be major, Infantry. George Pryor Johnson to be Major, Air Corps. Benjamin Mills Crenshaw to be major, Infantry. Clyde Virginius Finter to be major, Air Corps. Alexander Garrett Olsen to be major, Cavalry. 'Michael Condon Shea to be major, Field Artillery. Robert ·Kauch to be major, Air Corps. Paul Dillard Carter to be major, Infantry. Arthur Riehl Wilson to be major, Field Artillery. Paul Henry Weiland to be major, Field Artillery. John Major Reynolds to be major, Field Artillery. Marvin Wade Marsh to be major, Infantry. Bickford ~dward Sawyer to be major, Finance Depart- Holland Spencer Chamness to be major, Infantry. ment. Julian Horace George to be major, Infantry. Irwin ~muel Dierking to be major, Quartermaster Corps. William Camillus Kabrich to be major, Chemical Warfare Donald Boyer Rogers to be major, Field Artillery. Service. Joseph .Bartholomew Conmy to be major, Infantry. Frank Upton Greer to be major, Infantry. William Randolph Watson to be major, Infantry. Laurin Lyman Williams to be major, Infantry. George Curtis McFarland to be major, Coast Artillery Henry Christopher Harrison, Jr., to be major, Field Ar- 4 Corps. tillery. Collin Stafford Myers to be major, Infantry. Hanford Nichols Lockwood, Jr., to be major, Field Artillery. William Herschel Middleswart to be major, Quartermaster John Markham Ferguson to be major, Infantry. Corps. · John Calvin Sandlin to be major, Infantry. Frank Sims Mansfield to be major, Infantry. Clarence Eugene Brand to be major, Judge Advocate Gen- Ralph c. G. Nemo to be major, Infantry. eral's Department. Ross Franklin Cole to be major, Air Corps. L-eslie Eugene Bowman to be major, Quartermaster Corps. Kenneth Smith Anderson to be major, Infantry. Alonzo Patrick Fox to be major, Infantry. John Pinnix Lake to be major, Infantry. Hugh Joseph Gaffey to be major, Field Artillery. Heston Rarick Cole to be major, Corps of Engineers. Clifford Christopher Wagner to be first lieutenant, Quar­ Russel Burton Reynolds to be major, Infantry. termaster Corps. Paul Clarence Boylan to be major, Field Artillery. PROMOTION IN THE PHILIPPINE SCOUTS Ralph Floyd Love to be major, Infantry. Vicente Lim to 'be lieutenant colonel, Philippine Scouts. William Irving Sherwood to be major, Infantry. Charles Wilkes Christenberry to be major, Infantry. POSTMASTERS Charles Andrew Beaucond to be major, Field Artillery. FLORIDA Stewart Franklin Miller to be major, Field Artillery. Arthur W. Newett, Leesburg. Hugh Campbell Parker to be major, Infantry. Edward R. McKenna, Palm Beach. Loyal Moyer Haynes to be major, Field Artillery. VERMONT Floyd Marshall to be major, Infantry. William Carey Lee to be major, Infantry. Douglas C. Montgomery, East Arlington. Cecil John Gridley to be major, Infantry. WEST VIRGINIA Leonard Henderson Sims to be major, Infantry. Roscoe B. Holmes, Raleigh. LXXX--194