Senate Investigating Mat SENATE Ohio; Ters Pertaining .To the Conduct of the S

J943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE 7841 . to the Committee on Public Buildings and Speaker had affixed his signature to the The Senator from Missouri [Mr. TRu Grounds. following enrolled bills, and they were MAN] is absent on official business for the 2563. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the ·county of Los Angeles, Calif., petitioning con subsequently signed by the Vice Presi Special Committee to Investigate the sideration of their resolution with reference dent: National Defenl?e Program. to 9hinese, . and urging amendment of the S. 135. An act to confer Nrisdiction upon The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. Immigration Act of 1924; to the Committee the Court of Claims of the United States to CHANDLER] is necessarily absent. on Immigration and Naturalization. hear, determine, and render judgment on the Mr. McNARY. The Senator from claim of the General State Authority of the Massachusetts [Mr. LoDGE] is necessarily Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; S. 159. An act for the relief of the United absent as a member of the special com States Parcel Post Building Co., of Cleveland, mittee of the Senate investigating mat SENATE Ohio; ters pertaining .to the conduct of the S. 332. An act for the relief of Velma Pik war. TuESDAY, SEPTEMBE~ 28, 1943 karainen; The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. S. 426. An act for the relief of Maj. George BARBOUR] and the Senator from Nebraska (Legislative day ot Wednesday, Septem E. Golding; - ber 15, 1943) [Mr. BuTLER] are necessarily absent. S. 462. An 'act for the relief of Primo The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-five 12 Giordanengo and Angie Giordanengo; Senators have answered to their names. The Seriate met at o'clock noon, S. 626. An act for the relief of Angeline on the expiration of the recess. Arbuckle; A quorum is present. The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown S . 652. Ail act for the relief of Joseph A. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Harris, D. D., offered the following Lassiter; · prayer: Messages in writing from the President S. 787. An act for the relief of Samuel of the United States were communicated Our Father God, with our burdened Jacobs and Harry Jacobs; S. 789. An act to provide for the mailing to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his lives tense and strained in a violent of aniual notices to owners of. tax-exempt secretaries. world, we seek that peace which is the properties in the District of Columbia; gift of Thy grace to all those who yield GOVER'lllMENT FOR PUERTO RICo S. 824. An act for the relief of Dr. J. W. AMENDMENT OF ORGANIC ACT their wills to Thy will, their minds to Go in; Thy truth, their hearts to Thy obedience. S. 915. An act for the relief of Robert Kish The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the 0 God, our God, Thou hast fashioned Lee and Elizabeth Kish; · Senate the following message from the us so that. we faint and fall without the S. 929. An act for the relief of Dr. Douglas President of the United States, which breath. of Thy presence. Thou art the .E. Law.son; ·was read by the legislative clerk, and, ·desire beneath desire. When upon our S.1223. An act to fix the compensation of with the accompanying papers, referred mortal days there is lifted the light of the Recorder of Deeds of the District of Co to the Committee on Territories and Thy countenance even trivial rounds and lumbia and the Superi:qtendent of the Na;- Insular Affairs: tional Training School for Girls; and y the common tasks are arched with the S. 1224. An act to designate the Public aura of infinite peace and power and joy. Library of the District of Columbia a public To the Congress of the United States: In the brightness of Thy throne we be depository for governmental publications. When sovereignty over Puerto ·Rico come sure of the vital and eternal things was transferred from Spain to the United that are stronger than the noise of the CALL OF THE ROLL States in 1899, the Treaty of Paris did world and against which the gates of hell Mr. HILL. I suggest the absence of not settle the exact position of Puerto cannot prevail. a quorum. Rico in the orbit of American sover Make us such ministers of Thine to The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem eignty. It left that for determination by this stricken generation that the golden pore. The clerk will call the roll. the Congress of the United States. After dream of the ages may transfigure a The Chief Clerk called the roll, and a brief interval of military government, cleansed and chastened earth as the the following Senators answered to the Foraker Act in 1900 established a waiting continents and the isles of the their names: · framework of colonial government. Un sea are linked in a new fellowship for Aiken Guffey Radcliffe der it the legislative ass.embly was given the promotion of Thy glory and the good Andrews Gurney Reed ·rather limited powers; and the Governor of all mankind. We ask it in the dear Austin Hatch Revercomb and an appointed executive council held Bailey Hawkes Reynolds Redeemer's name. Ameri. Ball Hayden Robertson the real substance of authority. The in Barl{ley Hill Russell habitants were to be citizens of Puerto DESIGNATION OF A PRESIDING OFFICER Brewster Holman Scrugham Rico-American· nationals, but not citi- A. Bridges Johnson, Calif. Shipstead zens. · · The Secretary Vernment and of the government of der the chairmanship of the Secretary of pledge. The new statute, however, has in Puerto Rico respectively." In order to the Interior, be appoint~d to conduct practice rendered performance of that pledge 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 7843 even more difficult. Those difficulties have ules of registrants deferred by the Selective enactment of Senate bill 860, relating to the been further increased under the act. by v!r Service System for occupational reasons, con sale of alcoholic liquors to the members of tue of an interpretation rendered by the At taining information received subsequent to the land and naval ' forces of the United torr•y General wh.ich permits any minority his letter of September 17, 1943, transmitting States; to the Committee on Military Af group, however slight, to utilize the machin his last report in response to law (with ac fairs. companying papers); to the Committee on ery of the statute, to bring about a strike SALE OF INTOXICATING LIQUORS BY vote in any plant, however large. Under Military Affairs. the Smith-Connally Act now 2 workers in FOREIGN GROUPS-RESOLUTION OF PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS OF A DEPARTMENT MINISTERIAL UNION OF WASHINGTON a plant of 20,000 may force a strike vote AND VA!!.IOUS OFFICES among the 20,000 workers. Letters from the Acting Secretary of the Mr. CAPPER. Mr. President, I send to In the light of the experience of these last the desk and ask unanimous consent to few months a very serious duty falls on the Navy, Director of the National Resources shoulders of congressional leaders. The sit Planning Board, Director for Committee for have printed in the RECORD, and referred uation does not permit of arguments as to Congested Production Areas, and the officer to the District of Columbia Committee, whether error is to be admitted or as to in charge of the American Battle Monuments a resolution adopted by the Washington Commission, submitting, pursuant to law, Ministerial Union at its first fall meeting where blame is to be placed. This Nation estimates of personnel requirements for the is at war and cannot permit such considera quarter ending December 31 , 1943; and also on Monday, September 27, remonstrat tions to stand in the way of a policy which letters from the Administrator of the Federal ing against S. 1338, a bill to permit the will mean the removal of obstacles to victory. Security Agency and the Administrator of the granting of beverage licenses in the Dis The Smith-Connally Act has proven itself to Office of Price Administration, submitting re trict of Columbia to service clubs of other be such an obstacle. Spokesmen for large vised estimates for the quarter ending Sep business groups and prominent metropolitan United Nations. tember 30, 1943 (with accompanying papers); There being no objection, the resolu newspapers throughout the country have to the Committee on Civil Service. recognized this fact and have urged Congress tion was referred to the Committee on to repeal this legislation. AMENDMENT OF ACT RELATING TO THE the District of Columbia and ordered to I trust and hope that the leaqership of LEVYING AND COLLECTING OF TAXES be printed in the RECORD, as follows: this Congress will prove its stature by under AND ASSESSMENTS IN THE DISTRICT taking the task of removing the Smith The' Ministerial Union of Washington and Connally Act from the statute books, so that The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the vicinity having learned the purpose and Senate the amendment of the House of procedures of Senate Resolution 1338 and organized labor in America may move for House Joint Resolution 160, hereby records ward unimpeded in its consistent and de Representatives to the bill KANSAS CITY suspended pursuant to the provisions of manner in which the amount of such real- LIVESTOCK INTERESTS section 19 (c) of the Immigration Act of estate tax is payable according to law; and 1917, as amended, in the case of Ruby Keyes such notice shall state whether there were Mr. CAPPER. Mr. President, I pre or Ruby Amelia Moriarty Keyes, now known any delinquent real-estate taxes unpaid on sent a·n important letter in the nature of as Ruby Amelia Norton, CR 1334, and also July 1 of the year in which such notice is a petition signed by R. A. Willis, presi stating that subsequent to the submission sent: Provided, That if the address of the , dent, Kansas City Livestock Exchange; of the case the alien's conduct has been owner be unknown, such notice shall be · J. C. Cash, president, Kansas City Stock found to be not that of a person of good mailed to his agent, if known; .and if there Yards Co.; and Lester Metzger, presi moral character.and upon a full investigation be more tha~ one ~ecord owner of any lot dent of the Kansas City Traders Live the Attorney General is satisfied that she is or parcel, notice mailed to one of the owners . . . one who is not entitled to the provisions shall be deemed compliance with this section: Stock Exchange, speak~~g fo_r the live- of the act and therefore he wishes to with Provided further, That nothing in this sec- st.ock producers pat~omzmg the Kansas draw her name from the group sUbmitted to tion shall affect in any way the provisions of C1ty market, and urgmg the defeat of the Congress for its. determination during this section 3 of this act: Provided further, That following bills and resolutions: House session; to the Committee on Immigration. failure· of the property owner or his agent to bills 2378, 2391, 2435, 2436, 2519, 2547, DONATION AND CONVEYANCE OF TELEPHONE receive such notice shall not relieve the prop- 2.645, 3172, and 3183; Senate bills 947, AND TELEGRAPH BUILDING, ANCHORAGE, erty owner of the payment of any penalty or 1030 and 1124· Senate Joint Resolu- ALASKA interest as required l:'y law for the delinquent tion~ 46 and 75. ' , A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, payment ~f real-estate taxes. I believe the livestock organizations submitting a draft of proposed legislation to Mr. McCARRAN. I :m,ove that the strongly oppose these bills and joint res authorize the Secretary of the Interior to Senate concur in the amendment of the olutions as they undertake to establish donate and ~onvey, on behalf of the United House. uniform freight rates and classification States, to Jack Henry Post, No. 1, of the The motion was agreed to. for application throughout the Nation. 'American Legion, Anchorage, Alaska, the wood-frame building, known as the Tele PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS I ask that the letter in the nature of a phone and Telegraph Building, located on petition be appropriately referred and lots 7 and 8 in block 17, Anchorage Townsite Petitions, etc., were laid before the printed in the RECORD. (with an accompanying paper); to the Com Senate, or presented, and referred as in- There being no objection, the letter in mittee on Public Lands and Surveys. dicated: the nature of a petition was referred to By the VICE PRESIDENT: the Committee on Interstate Commerce FIFTH REPORT OF OFFICE OF PRICE A resolution of the Council of the City of and ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ADMINISTRATION Waukegan, Ill., favoring the enactment of A letter from the Administrator of the legislation to prescribe a measure of diver- as follows: Office of Price Administration, transmitting, sian which would })e permissible at Chicago KANSAS CITY LIVESTOCK MARKET, pursuant to law, the fifth report of the Ad when the waters of Lake Michigan are at a Kansas C.ity, Mo., September 8, 1943. ministration covering the period ended April mean level which is deemed higher than Hon. ARTHUR CAPPER, 30, 1943 (with an accompanying report); to the safe conduct of interstate commerce and Senate Office Building, the Committee on Banking and Currency. navigation and the rights of the riparian Washington, D. C. owners warrant; to the Committee on Com- DEAR SIR: The Kansas City Livestock Ex REGISTRANTS DEFERRED FOR OCCUPATIONAL merce. change, the Kansas City Stoclryards Co., the REASONS UNDER SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM By Mr. CAPPER: Traders Livestock Exchange, and the livestock A letter from the Director of the Selective A petition, numerously signed, of sundry producers patronizing the Kansas City market Service System, transmitting adjusted sched- citizens of McLouth, Kans., praying for the .respectfully urge your help and cooperation 7844 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 in defeating the passage of the above bills the livestock that is produced and ... slaugh (Mr. DAVIS introduced Senate bill 1390, and joint resolutions. They propose to es tered in this section. We urge you to use which, . with the accompanying paper, was tablish uniform freight rates and classifica your good offices with a vie~ of seeing that referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, tion for application throughout the Nation. this basis of freight rates and classification and appears under a separate heading.) · We believe .the proposals to be economically is not disturbed merely to bring about uni By Mr. LANGER: unsound and adverse to the best interest of formity witl'f some section of the country S. 1391. A bill for the relief of W. R. Jordan the agricultural sections of the West and that has no need for such a basis of rates and Mabel Jordan; to the Committee on Southwest, particularly the livestock grower or transit arrangements. Claims. and feeder. Yours very truly, By Mr. GEORGE: You will recall freight rates, rules, and KANSAS CITY LIVE STOCK EXCHANGE, S. 1392. A bill for the relief of Dewey H . classification regulations now in effect in the R. A. WILLIS, Pres·ident. Davis; to the Committee on Claims. West and Southwest were established as a KANSAS CITY STOCK YARDS Co., By Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado: result of the Hoch-Smith resolution, and J. C. CASH, President. · S. 1393. A bill for the relief of Walter R. have been in effect since January, 1932. The KANSAS CITY TRADERS Jones; first decision of the Interstate Commerce LIVE STOCK EXCHANGE, S. 1394. A bill for the relief· of Reverend Commission regarding livestock as a result of LESTER METZGER, President. R. E. McKinney; and the Hoch-Smith resolution is recorded in REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON BANKING S. 1395. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Nor volume 176, I. C. c. 1. In establishing these ma S. McKinney and Mrs. Ella Swenson; to rates Congress specifically directed the Inter AND CURRENCY the Committee on Claims. state Commerce Commission to put into The following report of a committee S. 1396. A bill for the relief of Isidor Blanc; effect on agricultural products, including was submitted: to the Committee on Finance. livestock, "the lowest possible freight rates, By Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma: rules, and classification regulations compat By Mr. RADCLIFFE, from the Committee on Banking and Currency: S. 1397. A bill to amend the act entitl~d ible with the maintenance of adequate rail "An act relative to restrictions applicable to transportation service." It was after years H. R. 3291. A bill to amend the National Indians of the Five Civilized Tribes in Okla of public hearings and investigations by the Housing Act, as amended; without amend homa," approved January 27, 1933; to the Interstate Commerc_e Commission our present ment (Rept. No. 418). Committee on Indian Affairs. basis of livestock rates was established. GRANTING OF BEVERAGE LICENSES IN By Mr. BAILEY: At present cattle are raised in Texas, pas THE DISTRICT TO SERVICE CLUBS OF S. J. Res. 82. Joint resolution to create the tured in the Osage country and Flint Hills, OTHER UNITED NATIONS-RECOMMIT War Shipping Field Service; to the Committee fattened in the feedlots of the Corn Belt on Commerce. States, and transported to the packing cen TAL OF A BILL ters in the West and East, and the meat dis On motion by Mr. McCARRAN, the bill ALLOWANCES TO OFFICERS IN THE tributed to the consuming centers. Cattle (S. 1338) to permit the granting of bever ARMED FORCES originating in Texas, moving as described Mr. DAVIS. Mr. President, I have re above, are transported on one through rate age licenses in the District of Columbia from their point of birth to the packing estab to service clubs of other United Nations cently been informed that the adminis lishment. _ There are in effect intricate transit was taken from the calendar and ordered tration and interpretation of the Pay rules and regulations, particularly adapted to be recommitted to the Committee on Readjustment Act of 1942 are resulting to the nature of the business, that have the District of Columbia. in certain discriminations and hardships proven entirely satisfactory to the ·livestock which I am certain are not consistent and meat-packing industry of the Nation, and BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION either witb the intent or the purposes these shQuld not be disturbed. We should INTRODUCED which the Congress sought to achieve not lose track of the fact this basis of rates Bills and a joint resolution were intro by enacting this law. · and transit arrangements was established as duced, read the first time, and, by unani a result of the Hoch-Smith resolution, and, I refer specifically to the fact that as stated by the Interstate Commerce Com :rr.oJOus consent, the second time, and re commissioned officers in the armed forces mission, they are the lowest possible freight ferred as follows: of the United States have been denied rates and classification regulations that can By Mr. BUCK: the payment of rental and subsistence be established compatible with adequate S. 1383. A bill to provide for the with allowances for dependent parents, in transportation service. drawal from circulation of 1-cent pieces those cases when such parents are the The proponents of the above bills would coined after December 23, 1942, and to pro adopted parents of the officer concerned. break down our western basis of rates merely hibit the coinage of 1-cent pieces not readily for the sake of uniformity. It is unreason distinguishable from coins of higher denomi The Comptroller General has so ruled able and economically unsound to tear down nation; to the Committee on Banking and on these cases, because in all other sec- ~ our Hoch-Smith basis of rates merely for the Currency. tions of the law, the Congress specifically sake of uniformity. Here in the West and By Mr. BURTON: stated that the term "parent" should Southwest livestock is transported in train s. 1384. A bill to provide for the inspection include "parents through adoption," load lots, whereas in the East and Southeast and registration of bicycles in the District of whereas the Congress failed to include a single carload is considered a large consign Columbia; to the Committee on the District that definition in the section of the act ment. It is evident that if the rate on cattle of Columbia. dealing with the pay and allowances from New York to Boston (where there is By Mr. AIKEN: no movement) is reduced, there must be an S. 1385. A bill to provide for the improve of commissioned officers. · increase in the rates from Emporia, Kans., to ment of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence basin I need not recount the undesirable and Kansas City in order to offset this reduction. in the interest of national defense, and for discriminatory effects which the present Who would benefit from a reduction in cattle other purposes; to the Committee on Com application of this law is having upon rates from New York to Boston? But think merce. all commissioned officers in the armed of the disastrous effects that would result in By Mr. WALSH: forces whose adopted parents are now an increase from Emporia to Kansas City. S.1386. A bill making it a misdemeanor to And think of the disastrous effects to the stow away on aircraft and providing punish dependent upon them for their principal Flint Hill and Osage sections were the tran ment therefor; to the Committee on Naval means of support. sit privileges canceled or made uniform with Affairs. I am certain that my colleagues will the cattle transit privileges from New York By Mr. WHEELER: be most anxious to correct this situation, to Boston. Uniformity as proposed can have S. 1387. A bill to extend the time within and I am, therefore, introducing a bill but one effect,. and that is increases in the which the States of Montana, North Dakota, making appropriate amendment to the livestock rates in the West and reductions in and Wyoming may negotiate and enter. into Pay Readjustment Act of 1942, which I the Southeast and East. a compact or agreement for division of the If the proponents of this legislation are waters of the Yellowstone River; to the Com ask unanimous consent to have printed seeking adjustments in the cattle rates from mittee on Irrigation and ·Reclamation. in the RECORD at this point, together Atlanta to Nashville, or Atlanta to New York By Mr. MURRAY: with a letter which I received from Mrs. City, there are avenues open for such an S. 1388 .. A bill to extend the time within Mary Tier.ney, of Pittsburgh, Pa., setting adjustment with the Interstate Commerce which the States of Montana, North Dakota, forth the serious effects which the pres Commission. It seems to us wholly unfair and Wyoming may negotiate and enter into a ent operation of this law is now having and unjust to involve rates in the West and compact or agreement for division of the upon dependent mothers whose adopted Southwest merely to seek an adjustment in waters of the Yellowstone River; to the Com the South dr in the East. mittee on Irrigation and Reclamation. sons are now serving in the United States The rates, rules, and classification regula By Mr. WHERRY: armed forces. tions now in effect in this section of the S. 1389. A bill fot the relief of Jesse V. I also ask that both the amendment Nation are adaptable to the movement of Craig; to the Commthee on Military Affairs. and the letter cited be referred to the 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7845 appropriate committee for early study The VICE PRESIDENT. The amend delivered by Senator LucAs at a meeting of ment will lie on the table, and be printed, Indiana Democratic Editors, held at French and consideration. Lick, Ind., on September 25, 1943, which There being no objection, the bill (S. and printed in the RECORD. appears in· the Appendix.] 1390) to amend section 4 of the Pay Re The amendment i~ as follows: adjustment Act of 1942, as amended, was Amendment intended to be proposed by THE BASTILLE OF TYRANNY IS FALLING read twice by its title, and, with the ac Mr. BAILEY and Mr. CLARK of Missouri to the ADDRESS BY SENATOR PEPPER companying paper, referred to the Com bill (S. 763) exempting certain married men [Mr. PEPPER asked and obtained leave to mittee on Military Affairs, and ordered who have children from liability under the have printed in the RECORD an address en to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, as titled "The Bastille of Tyranny Is Falling," amended, viz: Strike out lines 6 to 11, in delivered by him before the National Society Be it en acted, etc., That section 4 of the clusive, and in lieu thereof insert the fol of the Ahepa at Cincinnati and print ed in Pay Readjustment Act of 1942, as amended, lowing: the September-October 1941 issue of the is amended by striking out th~ period at the " ( 1) After the beginning of the second Ahepan, which appears in the Appendix.) end of such section and inserting · in lieu calendar. month following the date of enact thereof a colon and the following: "Provided ment of this subsection and unt il the termi ADDRESS BY SENATOR WILEY TO THE further, That the term 'father or mother' nation of hostilities in the present war as CATHOLIC KNIGHTS OF WISCONSIN shall be held to include a father or mother proclaimed by the President- [Mr. WILEY asked and obtained leave to through adoption." " ( 1) no registrant between the ages of have printed in the RECORD an address by 18 and 38 shall be permitted to occupy him before the Catholic Knights of Wiscon SWISSVALE, PITTSBURGH, PA. or continue to be employed in or be sin at their convention at Beaver Dam, Wis., Senator JAMES J. DAvis, appointed to any civilian position in ·or September 9, 1943, which appears in the Sen ate Office Bui lding, under the Federal Government unless (A) Appendix.) such rEgistrant wa s married prior to Decem Washington, D. C. HOW FAR CAN WE GO IN ORGANIZING DEAR SENATOR: Your help is sought in cor ber 8, 1941, and has a child or children under recting an injustice concerning the refusal of 18 years of age, or (B) such regist rant is PEACE?-ADDRESS BY SENATOR BUR deferred from training and service by reason the Army to pay increased allowanc ~s to my TON of physical disqualification or has been honor adopted son, Capt. James E. Loughran, now [Mr . BURTON asked and obtained leave serving in the United States Army. ably discharged from the land or naval forces, or (C) the services of such registrant in such to have printed in the RECORD an address It is my understanding that the Finance position are certified by the head of the de entitled "How Far Can We Go i.n Organizing Office of the Army will not pay any rental partment or agency within which such regis Peace?" delivered by him in Christ Church, and subsistence allowances to him for my trant is employed or appointed to be in New York City, September 15, 1943, which support, because the Congress, in writing the dispensable to the operations of such depart appears in the Appendix.] pay act for officers, did not specifically state ment or agency; and that the word "parent" was intended to in CONFUSION AND UNCERTAINTY AMONG "(2) no man between the ages of 18 and BUSINESSMEN clude "parents through adoption"; and the ' 38 who is serving as a commissioned officer in finance officer believes the Congress in tended the land or naval forces of the United States [Mr. MOORE asked and obtained leave to that such parents as myself were to be ex shall be stationed or assigned to duty in the have printed in the RECORD an article, letters, cluded from such benefits. District of Columbia or Arlington County, and an address by him relating to the supply During the past years I have stood in the Va., for a period or periods in excess of 30 of automobiles and confusion among busi place of his mother since her death, and I days in the aggregate during any calendar year nessmen, which appear in the Appendix.] contributed substantially toward his college unless (A) such man was married prior to POLICING THE AXIS: THE GERMAN education. But, at the present time, I am December 8, 1941, and has a child or children dependent upon him, and nearly all my in under 18 years of age, or (B) such man is PHASE-ARTICLE BY SENATOR THOMAS come consists of the money which he sends physically disqualified for active combat serv OF UTAH me each month out of his pay. ice, or (C) the services of such man in the [Mr. THOMAS of Utah asked and obtained . I am sure that you will appreciate the in District of Columbia or Arlington County, leave to have printed in the RECORD an article consistency of the present situation: Va., are certified by the Secretary of War entitled "Policing the Axis--The German Were James an enlisted man, instead of an or the Secretary of the Navy, as the case Phase," prepared by him at the request of officer, the Army would recognize me as his may be, to be indispensable to the operations the Washington ·branch of the Commission mother without any question, for all pur of the land or naval forces of the United to Study the Organization of Peace, which poses, and pay the established allowances. States. appears in the Appendix.] The Army does accept me as his mother in "Any certification made in accordance with connection with his Army insurance policy, the requirements of this subsection shall INCREASED FOOD PRODUCTION-AVAILA and I am told that if he should die while in contain a statement of the reasons for deter BILITY OF FARM MACHINERY service, the Army would acknowledge me as mining that the services of the individual [Mr. NYE asked.and obtained leave to have his mother and, as such, declare me eligible with respect to whom such certification is printed in the RECORD a letter from R. A. for death payments. m ade are indispensable, and a copy of any Lathrop, secretary-treasurer of the North It seems unfair that he should not be al such certification shall be transmitted to the "' Dakota Implement Dealers' Association, re lowed to obtain whatever benefits have been Congress within 30 days from the date such garding the availability of farm machinery, provided. by law. I am sure that it cannot ·certification is made. which appears in the Appendix.] have been your in tention or that of·the other "Sec. · 2. The provisions of this act shall Senators, that the few mothers who find not be construed to repeal or modify the GENERAL MARSHALL'S RELIGIOUS BE themselves in my position, should be excfuded provisions of the act entitled 'An act relat- , LIEFS AND PRACTICES-LETTER BY from the help extended through the payment ing to the selective-service deferment, on RAY D. BROWN AND ARTICLE BY of allowan ces to our officer sons, m erely be occupational grounds, of persons employed by WILLIAM L. STIDGER cause we are parents through adoption. the Federal Government,' approved April 8, There cannot be ·many of us, but there is 1943." [Mr. REYNOLDS asked and obtained leave to have printed in the RECORD a letter from probably som e h a rd ~ h i p in volved in each case. Amend the title so as to read: "A bill to prevent the use in civilian Government posi Ray D. Brown, adjutant and public-relations I will certainly appreciate your invest iga and welfare secretary of the Salvation Army, _ tion, and any assistance which you m ay give t ions, or in certaJn posit ion s in the military service, of men who a re q ualified for active and an article entitled "The Christia n Gen in correcting t he present condition. combat dut y." eral," by William L. St idger, published in the Sil'lcerely yours, September 25, 1943, issue of the War Cry, MARY TIERNEY. ADDRESS BY SENATOR LUCAS IN TRIBUTE which appear in the Appendix.] TO DEFENDERS OF POLAND DEFERMENT OF FATHERS FROM THE POST-WAR PLANNING DRAFT-AMENDMENT [Mr. BARKLEY asked and obtained leave to h ave print,.ed in the RECORD an address .[Mr. HATCH asked and obtained leave to Mr. BAILEY. Mr. President , for the delivered by Senator LucAs at the Tribute t o have prin ted 1n the RECORD an article entitled Senator from Missouri [Mr. CLARK] and Poland Day meeting in East St. Louis, Ill., "Russia Is Forcing Issues as We Delay Post myself I submit an amendment intendeq on September 26, 1943, which appears in the War Plan," by J ames B. Reston, from the to be proposed by us jointly to Senate · Appendix.] New York Times of Sept ember 27, 1943, which bill 763, the pending bill. The amend ADDRESS BY SENATOR LUCAS AT MEET appears in the Appendix.] ment has been printed and is on the ING OF INDIANA DEMOCRATIC EDI POULTRY AND DAIRY FEED SITUATION desks of Senators, so I take it that it is TORS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE unnecessary to ha:ve it read at this time, [Mr. BARKLEY asked and obtained leave [Mr. TOBEY asked and obtained leave to but I ask that it be printed in the RECORD. to h ave printed in the RECORD an address have printed in the RECORD a let ter from I. 7846 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 Charles R. Hopkins, of Greenfield, N. H., en tion, in August the order was issued that groups of single men, if the fathers of closing minut es of the meeting of the New fathers would be drafted October 1. I children are to be drafted, · and if their Hampshire Feed Mixers and Dealers, together immediately telegraphed the Democratic with a letter addressed to the feed mixers sup wives and mothers are to be forced into plying feeders in New Hampshire, and a table leader of the Senate and the Democratic industry. of estimated feed requirements of livestock in leader of the House, asking that Con I am told that I am trying to substitute New Hampshire, which appear in the gress be reconvened, because at that time my judgment for the judgment of Gen Appendix.) I foresaw exactly what would happen eral Marshall. Nothing of the kind. THE 0. P. A. AND THE CHEESE INDUSTRY upon the reconvening of the Congress. There is not a scintilla of evidence in the OF WISCONSIN However, in the telegram I received from RECORD to that effect. General Marshall our distinguished Democratic leader, he does . not say that he wants to leave [Mr. WILEY asked and obtained leave to said there would be plenty of time to act have printed in the RECORD an editorial en slackers in the Government service. titled "0. P. A. Has a Duty To Perform," upon the matter, if Congress. saw fit to General Mar~hall does not say that he written by C. E. Broughton, editor of the do so, after the reconvening. . · wants industries to hoard labor. General Sheboygan Press, which appears in the Ap Immediately upon the reconvening of Marshall said, in answer to a question by pendix.] Congress, our Democratic leader and the Senator from California [Mr. INTERNATIONAL BIMETALLISM-ARTICLE others said they did not know the facts DoWNEY], that he prefers single men to IN THE NEW YORK_TIMES and had not had time to learn them. · married men. He said that if a man's They asked for a hearing before the Com wife were left with small children to live [Mr. MURDOCK asked and obtained leave mittee on Military Affairs. At the hear upor_ the pittance allowed her when her to have printed in the RECORD an article ing testimony was given by the Under headed "Bimetallism held needed by world," husband went to war, and he were published in the New York Times of Septem S~cretary of War, General McNarney, worried as to whether or not his famil~ ber 27, 1943,. which appears in the Appendix.] General Marshall, Admiral King,. and had proper housing and proper clothing. numerous representatives of the Selec and whether or not they were going to LAND-USE PLANNING tive Service System. Flnally, when the have enough food, that man would not [Mr. LANGER asked and obtained leave to newspapers carried conflicting stories as make a good soldier. have printed in the RECORD a letter from E. J. to whether Mr. Baruch was to be called I know that a distinguished lady said Haslerud, director of extension and chairman before the committee, I insisted upon of the North Dakota Agricultural Advisory the other day, "My boys are fathers, and Council,. which appears in the Appendix.] his being called. I did so because of the they are in the Army." There are many fact that he had written a report which married men ~n the Army who are offi DEFERMENT OF FATHERS FROM THE to a large extent substantiated the state cers. I am not talking about fathers who DRAFT ments which have been made with ref are leaving home to become officers. I The Senate resumed the consideration erence to inefficiency and to waste of am not talking about fathers who are the of the bill (S. 763) exempting certain manpower in both government an~ sons of Senators or Representatives, or married men who have children from li industry. who are the heads of great corporations, ability under the Selective Training and Mr. President, I have said that no and who have money enough ~o provide Service Act of 1940, as amended. father in the United States should be the proper care for their families. I am The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk called, and I repeat the statement that talking about the man in the street, the will state the amendment of the Com no father should be called, until the working man, the little fellow. I am talk mittee on Military Affairs. slackers are taken out of the Govern ing about destroying the small business The LBGISLATIVE CLERK. On page -1, ment bureaus. Fathers should not be man of this country by taldng him from line 10, after the word "act", it is pro called until the slackers are taken out of a business which he has built up, while posed to insert "until January 1, 1944", the industries where they are hiding to slackers remain behind the lines. so as to·read: day. I say "slack_ers" because that is I know that some of the leaders tried exactly what they are. Before Ameri That section 5 of the Selective Training to put words into . General Marshall's and Service Act of 1940, as amended, is hereby can homes are broken up, before chil mouth. They tried to get him to say amended by adding at the end thereof the dren are driven into the ·streets, let the that he had to have fathers, but he re following new subsection: slackers in the Government bureaus, the fused to say so. They tried to get Gen "(m) Every registrant who was married bureaucrats who are demanding sacri eral McNarney to say it, but he refused to prior to December 8, 1941, who has main fices on the part of American business do so. They tried to get Admiral King tained a bona fide family relationship with men, American mothers, and the babies to say it, but he refused to do so. General his family since that date, and who has a of the country-let the slackers, I say, be Marshall said that he wanted a certain child or children under 18 years of age shall driven out· of the bureaus and into the be exempt from training and service under number of men, but that it was up to the this act until January 1, 1944." ' Army where they belong. . War Manpower Commission to find Let any Member of the Senate -stand them. Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, dur ,up and say, if he chooses to do so, that Let us see where that• leads us. To ing my 20 years of service in the Senate he wants to drive American children into repeat, I introduced this bill last Feb I have never risen to speak upon a more the streets, that he wants to drive fathers ruary. Was anything done to see that important piece of legislation, with the into the Army, while the slackers are slacl~ers in the Government were put possible exception of the time when I permitted to remain in hiding-some of into the Army? Was anything done by sought to keep the country out of this them single men and some of them mar the Government of the United States to war, than that :which is· now pending, ried men whose wives are working in prevent hoarding of labor, and to see nor have I ever spoken in the Senate Government departments. _ Let any that slackers who were hiding in in upon a . more just piece of legislation or Member of the Senate stand up and state dustry were taken out and placed where one which would more materially affect that he wants that done, and then let the welfare and the future of the United they should be? Nothing at all. him go home and tell his people that is Upon whose shoulders rests the re I States of America. what he stands for in the Senate. The pending bill was introduced by me 0 Mr. President, I am told I should sponsibility? Mr: President, it rests upon in February of this year. It was referred not press this measure because it might this administration, and this administra:.. to the Committee on Military Affairs. bring disunity in the country. I am for tion alone. We cannot escape the facts. In May the committee held a hearing on unity in the war effort; but I am not for If there is inefficiency in government it. In July the bill was reported from unity in behalf of inefficiency in govern and we all recognize it-is it the fault the Committee on Military Affairs by a ment. I am not for inefficiency and of the Congress? We have given the vote of 11 to 3. waste in government; I am not for in administration the money. We have At the time when Congress took the efficiency on the part of a lot of spend given it the power. Then whose respon summer recess, I was informed by reliable thrifts who are throwing away the tax sibility is it? The responsibility for in administration authorities and by others payers' money like drunken sailors, and efficiency in government, waste of man that the drafting of fathers probably I am not for unity in permitting many power, and waste of money can rest upon would not be necessary this year. . How- · men who have cost-plus contracts to the shoulders of only one person in this ever, while Cong~ess was away on vaca- hoard their employees, to assemble large Government. 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE 7847 Mr. Baruch pointed out in his report are being told in effect, "Be slackers, so left of family life in America. In God's plan, that the bureaus were pulling and haul that when. the war is over someone may every child is provided with a mother and a point his finger at. you and say, 'I was father. Both are needed. ing, trying to build up more power. Now, these men who stayed at their ac Whose responsibility is that? Is that the out there fighting in the hellholes of customed jobs, who for the sake of their responsibility of the Congress? Is that Guadalcanal or New Guinea, but you loved ones refused the gamble of fantastic the responsibility of General Marshall? . went into industry to hide.' " When the salaries, which will vanish when the war ends, · Is it the result of the complacency of the boys in the Army come back and see the are to be penalized for the very qualities ·American people? The American people · waste and extravagance resulting from which support a nation's fabric-industry, are not complacent about the war effort, cost-plus contracts and the hoarding of prudence, loyalty to sacramental promises. but they have been entirely too com labor, much of which consists of single The . Government will support their de pendents. Who is, or what is, this ·enigmatic placent about inefficiency in govern men, what will they say to us? personality we call the Gov_ernment? And ment. They have been too complacent I shall now read some letters, and I what constitutes support? Will this mean about the waste of money by the Govern hope that Senators will listen to them. that mother will have to leave her home and ment. They have be~n entirely too com I hope that Senators have not made up eke out Government support by her own· placent about many things which have their minds because of some editorials exertions in a war plant? Which would sig been going on in Washington. which have been published, or because of nify, of course, more children running wild My statement about inefficiency in some headlines which have appeared in on the streets, new recruits to the ranlts of. juvenile delinquency. government is not the only one which the newspapers. I hope Senators will Is this desperate -recourse absolutely neces 'has been made. There have been such listen to the evidence I shall produce, not sary? What about-the hundreds of thousands statements by the chairman of - the on my behalf, but on behalf of -children of men w~o have been-training in this.coun Truman committee, by the Costell.o com whose fathers are to be taken away. try for a year .and a half, who are still here? mittee, and by the Baruch committee. A Senator said to me, "I am not going And if it . is n,ot strictly necessary, Why is. The condition is known to every Mem to vote · for your bill." After making it being done?. Can it possibly be that some ber of this body. · But because of the an outstanding speech, the junior Sen of our officials, for doctrinaire reasons of their own, prefer ·the Government nursery to the mistakes which have been made by the ator from · Missouri [Mr. TRUMA~n said, home? Government, because of inefficiency, be "I am not going to vote for your bill be cause of the. squandering of ·money, and cause it is cla.ss legislation." Class legis · Mr. President·, I also wish· to invite at because .of the waste of manpower, the lation! 'The whole Selective Service Act tention to the fact that when the Amer children .o{ tliis country are to be is class legislation. Mr. President, when ican Legion, Department of Maryland, · punished by having ·their fathers taken the President of the United States . ex recently met in Baltimore approximately away from them and thetr homes broken empted from military service men over 1,000 delegates went on record against· up. Let Senators go back home and tell 38 years of· age, or betweeh the ages of the drafting of American fathers. I read their people that that is what they stand 38 and 45, many of whom were physically from an Associated Press article: for. That is the reason we are asked to fit to enter the Army, he was by edict A resolution opposing the drafting of pre take fathers, and that is the only reason applying class legislation to that group Pearl Harpor fathers was adopted by the ap we are asked to take fathers. of persons. The Army released approxi proximately 1,000 delegates to the annual In a statement in the New York Times mately 275,000 men who had been convention of the Department of Maryland, the other day, Mr. LaGuardia · pointed trained. They were men who ·perhaps . American Legion, in the closing session today. The legionnaires also adopted ·a resolution ~ out that if married men with children could not engage in combat duty .but favoring . tfte publication of the names of are to be taken away.from their homes could do the. work of and relieve hun persons seeking deferment from selective there will be 37,000 children whose homes dreds of fathers from being put into the service. will be broken up. I notice a great many Army, or relieve many men for combat children in the galleries. If we take service. The article then refers to the newly their fathers away from them and make I have spoken CQncerning one of the elected State commander of the Legion, their mothers o to work in industry, aspects of the situation to which I wish The American Legion is one of the what will become of the American home? to call further attention. I invite the most patriotic societies in the country. ·What are we fighting for? Are we fight attention of the Senate to letters from Is it taking a stand .against General ing to preserve the American home or are Protestant ministers from all over the Marshall? Are those 1,000 delegates say we fighting to break up the American country, and from leaders of the Catholic ing that they are putting their judgment home? · Are we fighting for the future of Church. Let me read an editorial from against that of General Marshall? America or are we fighting for some the Pilot. ·If I am not mistaken, this I invite attention to ' an Associated European idealism? was one of the first publications of its Press release under date of September 27, Let me read what Mr. Stimson said: kind in the United States. It was estab:. 1943, concerning the Maryland members No legislation .is needed to impress upon-the lished in 1829, by the second Bishop of of the Veter~ns of Foreign Wars. It War Department the importance of preserv Boston, Mass. I quote: reads· as follows: ing the institution of the American home. IS THIS DANGEROUS MEASURE NECESSARY? · BALTIMOard. I have received more than 5,000 being taken into the Army. Those men when it was so important to save what is letters since this question arose. I shall 7848 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 read a few of the letters which give facts. board would hardly be consistent practice, there are single men available. It is my They are not letters which merely state and you are at liberty to request the ap understanding that such a bill has passed the opinions, but they present facts. · pointment of someone to replace me. House. I also wish to state- that I have disagreed I invite attention to a letter from the I read from a letter signed by Nathan with your views on a great many public chairman of the local selective-service H. Kaufman, chairman, Appeal Board questions. However, I am with you on this board of King William County, Va., en No. 3, State of Maryland, frQm Baltimore, question 100 percent, and if through your closing a copy of a letter which he re Md. He says: efforts you can keep the drafting of fathers ceived from one of his board members. I am very much interested in the fight you from taking place until childless married men I should like to read both letters. are making on the drafting of fathers and and single men have been called, you have The chairman of th~ local board following are excerpts from a letter I wrote rendered your country a great service. writes: to General Hershey. I think this is the an swer to the problem. Here is a letter addressed to Claude In my humble opinion, no system or de "In my opinion the date of recognized C. Earp, State director, Selective Service, partment, could be more thoroughly honey marriages should be changed from December Jeffersop City, Mo., by the chairman of combed with chaos and confusion and a 7, 1941, to .September 16, 1940, the date when thorough lack of decision and policy. The the Henry County local board. I quote the Selective Service Act became law, and from the letter as follows: lccal boards are daily flooded with a mass of that no registrant should be considered for .regulations and memoranda from National selective-service purr;oses as 'married men We received a bulletin some 2 months ago and State ·headquarters, which add up gen with children' if the children were born later which stated industries must give up an erally to the sum t9tal of nothing minus. than 9 months and 9 days after September single men between the ages of 18 and 25 The "buck" is always passed to the iocal 16, 1940. by October. We were told that the replace boards and it is most remarkable that they "The following reasons are in support of ment schedules would end a lot of. uncer have been able to induct as many men in the. suggestion made above. First, all mar tainties, that when Selective Service head the armed forces as are now there when ried men knew on. Septelllber 16, 1940, that quarters and industry are agreed on a certain operating under a system which has no policy they might be called for military service; date, draft boards could depend on having and, daily through the press, are inviting thus, if they acquired dependency after that registrants at that time. Also that industry men to secure employment which will exempt date, they did so in the light of the 'immi knew when the replacement schedule w.as them from service in the armed forces of nence of their induction.' made that they would have to release men their country. Very recently Mr. McNutt "Second, most of the men who had been on that date. issued a statement giving the fathers one made eligible for service if 'the 'marriage But now, in some cases they are allowing more week to secure employment ii1, what with children' date were moved .forward from longer time. he termed, essential industry. Should all December 7, 1941, to September 16, 1940, Further· on the writer of the letter fathers avail themseives of his invitation would be between the ages of 18 and 25, and then there would be none left to be called would thus very likely make the most desir- says: into the. armed forces and I do not know able soldiers. ' But the most confusing thing of all is the where the needs, as outlined· by General "Third, the number of men made available order to take married men with children in Hershey, would be met. under the suggested change of dates would nondeferrable industries. We received this From the letter which was enclosed, be drafted in place of at least some of the broadening of lists Saturday, August 14, 1943. written by a member of local board No. men now being drafted out of war plants. If we would start Monday morning to re In this regard I was asked by some of the classify these men it would be September 1, King William County, West Point, Va., persons present to state that we have been 15 before we could induct them as it takes I quote .as follows: · approached ·by many responsible officials of considerable time to go over 2,500 to .3,000 I realize that it is not for selective service war plants located in Maryland, who have files. to determine the. type of men that are to be stated that they are not, and will not in the I also think it is a darn shame to draft used by the Army or Navy, but I have certain future, be able to work at a maximum effi married men with children until married opinions founded upon the observations of' ciency with so many of their skill~d workers men without children and single men are the employment of personnel in the armed being taken away from them. called. forces which pl'eclude my voting to dassify "Fourth, the phrase ,'imminence of induc a pre-Pearl Harbor father. for induction into tion,' as applied by local boards to the clas I as~ that the entire letter be printed the armed forces. An obvious fact is that sification of married men, was frequently the in the RECORD. individuals with d~fective physical or mental cause for the difference of opinion among The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. _ £quipment are unfitted for combat duty, but local boards and appeal boards, the result there is, so far as I can observe, no good being that some boards emphasized certain HATCH in the chair). Without objec t·eason why an individual with slight physical dates as the ba>Sis for induction, While other tion, it is so ordered. handicap who is qualified to carry on in boards used other dates for the same pur The entire letter is as follows: I / banking, insurance, transportation, or other pose. If my plan was followed, all of these AUGUST 20, 1943. business, could no-:; be utilized in the armed instances would now be equalized. CLAUDE C. EARP, services for duty within the bounds of the ·"Fifth, general confusion exists regarding State Director, Selective Service, United States. By a means of simple multi the whole· subject of drafting married men Jefferson City, Mo. plication, taking the husky able bodies whom with children, and as a result of the many JOHN G. CHRISTY, I know in the Army and Navy that are carry conflicting statements made by various offi Assistant State Director, Selective Service, ing out assignments that could be efficiently cials of Selective Service, Congressmen, and Jefferson City, Mo. handled by one-legged men and multiplying Senators, the efficiency of such men is being DEAR FRIENDS: I am writing a few lines in by vast possibilities in the Nation, it can be badly curtailed, resulting in the falling off regard to Selective s~rvice's new rulings. I estimated that tl:ere are now a staggering of production of such men both i~ war pro have always tried to keep up with the new number of men capable of combat assign ducing plants and other plants necessary to regulations and have tried to follow instruc ments who could be replaced from the tre · the carrying on of essential industries." tions as near as possible and I wish to state mendous pool of power dammed up in 4-F that we have received wonderful cooperation classification. I next refer to a letter from the local from the State office, and you two, Colonel board of Wythe County, Wytheville, Va., Earp and Colonel Christy, have been wonder General He·rshey s;.:tid that there were from which I quote the following: ful in trying to help us over the rough spots. in excess of 3,000,000 men in the IV-F I wish to take this opportunity to con But there is so much confusi.on and un classification. Of that number the Army gratulate you on your stand, with reference certainty at present that I, for one, hardly is taking into the service about 5 percent. to drafting fathers for the armed forces. I know where we are. In addition to that, after the Army takes happen to be a member of the Wythe County We received a bulletin some 2 months ago men in the IV-F classification it is dis local board and feel that I. am qualified, to a which stated industries must give up all charging them every day by the thou small extent at least, in being able to appre single men between the ages of 18 and 25 by sands from the camps throughout the ciate the unjustness and unfairness of such October. We were told that the replacement procedure. You are probably aware, of schedules would end a lot .of unc~rtainties; United States. The writer of the letter course, that there have been thousands of that when Selective Service headquarters and says further: single men deferred for a great many reasons, industry agreed on a certain date, draft Until such time as this condition has been and, in my humble opinion, it is unfair and boards could depend on having t:egistrants at corrected it would be impossible for nie to unjust to take fathers into the service as that time. Also that industry knew whe_n vote, and maintain a clear conscience, to long as these single men remain at home. the replacement schedule was made that they classify for inductance any pre-Pearl Harbor I sincerely trust that you will be able to block would have to release men on that date. father. this step on the part of the Selective Servic~ But now, in some cases they are allowing Holding the view that r now have, it ap officials and get a b1ll through the Senate longer time. We have been told that when pears to me that further service with the prohibiting the taking of fathers· as long as a company had a 6-month deferment on a -· .

1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD=-SENATE 7849 man they must make proof that they had nected with the selection of men for the in "Of course, I have no proof of how much tried to get a replacement through every duction into the armed forces and with whom labor hoarding is going on, but I am certain means possible b2fore they could get an I have discussed this matter, are that pre there is a large amount of it." other deferment for their employee. This Pearl Harbor fathers, if they must be selected Mr. Pearson made his statement after has not held good. for service, should be limited to service Claude E. Belk, area director of the War Man But the most confusing thing of all is the within the territorial jurisdiction 'of the power Commission, estimated 15,000 addition order to take married men with children in United States, at least until such time as the al workers-10,000 of them women-would - nondeferrable industries. We received this . heads of the various branches of our armed be needed in local indust ry in the next few broadening of lists Saturday, August 14, 1943. forces, in their good judgment deem it months. . · If we would start Monday morning to re necessary to do otherwise, and thus avoid the 1\Ir. Pearson admitted that housing is scarce classify these men it would be September 15 hazards and risk that go with active duty here to the extent where the city probably before we could induct them as it takes con overseas, since physical injury or death re could not take care of any sizable net in siderable time to go over 2,500 to 3,000 files. sulting in such service to pre-Pearl Harbor crease in the man power field. · I also think it is a darn shame to draft fathers would necessarily create greater hard "But the war industries are experiencing a married men with children until married men ships on a greater number by reason of the terrific turn-over, and the number of new without children and single men are called. large families left behind. wori;:ers coming to Houston each month iS I realize- that a draft board is to carry out They may be used to relieve the great mlm about the same as the number that leaves regulations as made by higher ups and men ber of physically fit men without dependents here for other war-production centers," he that are supposed to be smarter than the who are now extensively engaged throughout said. draft board. I also know that we live in a the United States in doing guard duty, m. p. democracy and a democracy is where· the peo duty and various other duties which are not Is it right to draft fathers in the face ple rule and Congress helps dictate the pol strictly combatant -work and who are less in of statements of that kind? icies of this country. I also think the large dispensable. I shall now read a letter from the wife part of the people believe married men should Much t ime, effort and expense is incurred of an officer in the Air Corps, and she be called when the sup ly of married men in maintaining the morale of the home front. states facts; this is not fiction. We have · Without children and single men. is exhausted. I belie\'e that to deprive many a large family . I have always thought that a person should of its head and sufficient support, would before us one of the most important be proud to serve his country and ashamed seriously affect the morale of the home front. questions facing the American people, to run to some other job to keep from going facing not only 6,000,000 fathers, for they to the .Army. Now the Government encour Mr. President, why is it that the selec are not the only ones involved, but there ages people to run back to the farm and to tive-service boards are resign'ng? They are involved the children of these defense plants. Of course, I am not saying are the men, Mr. President, who have fathers, the mothers of the children, the they are not needed, but it certainly is mak know!edge of what is going on in the grandparents, and their other relatives. ing a lot of people call them «raft evaders United States: They know the men who Listen to what this lady says: and a lot of them are. are hiding behind industry. They are Wouldn't it be better to draft labor that is · DEAR Sm: I am writing this because I am not eligible for military service- outright, resigning because of their disgust. interested in the fight you have been waging rather than use selective service as a club? Mr. President, a few days ago some for the sensible use of our manpower. My Again, let me say State headquarters has Senators were saying they could not vote h usband is an Army officer and the condi been wonderful, and there is no criticism on intelligently because they did not know tions I am going to ment ion are not un them, and I, for one, want to do my duty, but the facts, and they wanted to get more usual nor confined to the field located here. I feel that instructions should be in plain · information. How many of them are in We have been in enough different places to English so that all draft boards can act alike. say with truth that these same conditions I also thinlt quotas should be fixed on a the Senate at the present time willing to are general throughout the camps and sta basis of registration and not on a basis of listen in order that they may get the tions in this country. available class I- A men: By quotas being on facts? The truth is, they do not want available I-A men, the counties and districts the facts, or at least they do not act as This demonstrates efficiency, if you where a board grants few deferments have to if they wanted the facts. They are will please, the businesslike operation we send a greater percent of men. ing to let the administration crack the hear mentioned. I am hoping that when Congress meets they whip, and are willing to vote as the ad Here are some facts. The post engineers face this problem squarely and bring things ministration tells them to vote, regard· employ niany young civilians who are sup to a place where draft boards like us can posed to be engineers. Here are two examples really know what are regulations. les..s of the facts. of work. they have performed. One has Your friend, I now read a letter from Jackson Bar· charge of answering a telephone and dis C. C. JONES, racks, New Orleans: patching truclts to different parts of the Chairman, Henry County Local Board No.1. I want to express my thanl{s to you for field, certainly a job a half-wit could per trying to put some sense in the draft laws. form. Anot her's job is to count the fire Mr. WHEELER. Here is a letter from extinguishers, lamp shades, etc., whenever Brooklyn, N.Y.: · At the present time the Army is releasing about 500,000 limited service men and at the buildings are ·transferred from one organi After 3 years work as the chairman of a same time asking for more men in the draft. zation to another. Civilians drive trucks all local select ive service board, I have reviewed It s·eems to me a waste of money and man over the field accompanied by soldiers, who the files of thousands of registrants, spoken power to release trained men and at the sam·e could drive, who point out the way. with them and with various members of their time drafting more new men. families· and ~ith many of their employers. Soldiers are sent along with the truck I hope that the Congrers will see fit to end drivers to point out the way. The letter I believe that most members of other boards the era of blank checks both in money and have had similar experience. manpower that the military has been using continues: ' In more recent months, our task has be so lavishly. In Air Corps supply ,warehouse civilian come more difficult since we have practically help is almost entirely used though just a exhausted most available registrants for in This comes from a private in the Army, stone's throw away the Quartermaster Corps duction into the armed forces of the United and I shall not give his name, because I operates warehouses just as valuable with States. do not want him to get in trouble. soldier help. Hundreds of civilians, some of Now, I wish to read a statement from them women, but many of them men, are The problem of inducting· pre:Pearl engaged in m any simple tasks which could Houston, Tex. I am sorry the Texas be done by the hundi·eds of limited-service Harbor fathers has been a matter of serious Senators are not present to hear it. The concern to us. We have discussed the soldiers who are here for training they are problem at great length and from all angles statement is as follows: unable to t ake. Although a company of and particularly in face of our varied ex Officials 0f many ·Houston war industries WAC's is now on the field, there has been perience as a result of 3 years of service in are guilty of labor hoarding; employing more no cut of permanent personnel nor has there selecting men for the armed forces we are men and women than they need to run their been any cut in the humber of civilian em familiar with the hardships encountered by plants, Burr Pearson, manager of .the Unite_!i ployees. · Thus you 'see that the addition of various families and feel that it would not States Employment Service here, charged 'WAC.'s teleased no men for combat duty nor be unwise if Congress or its duly constituted Thursday. no civilians for war work. These facts are committees would get the views of members "Emp ayers ai:e holding a cushion in antic true throughout the Army Air Force and of local boards, who are more directly in touch they should be brought forcibly to the at ipation of a more str~ngent labor situation tention of the citizens. I trust that you will with the subject of selective service from the in the future," the United States Employ viewpoint of the registrant, than those who trust my confid-ence and keep this letter secret ment Service manager said. "If we knew because of my husband's position. are at the head of selective service. ·how many workers are being hoarded and • • • .how many nonworking women are available I have before me a letter from a pro My own views and those other members of to take jobs, we probably would h ave enough fessor in Connecticut College, in which / selective service local boards directly con- to man another shipyard. he states: ·

...... / 7850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28: \ This Is to express my Interest in your ef• fact which has never been made public, and rolet plants that management has appointed fort to secure legiSlation which would delay which even very few people in this area· know. mere boys (who are the sons of Chevrolet the drafting of fathers. (I am beyond draft The above information is supplied for what superintendents and other high officials) age.) ever use you may wish to malce of it. I have foremen for the sole purpose of enabling In line with your contention that there reason to believe that It is entirely reliable, them to evade being inducted into the armed is an adequate manpower if properly used, all of it having come from men who work services. I would like to suqmit the following: in the plant. These particular men are After investigation, we find that. unques 1. The Electric Boat Co., builder of sub thoughtful and hard-working; they bear a tionably this has been done and that circum marines, is said to have more than 3,000 grudge against no one, and hope some day to stances make it appear that there may have unmarried keymen which it manages to see the manpower problem handled effi been collusion between certain corporations keep exempt from military service. Tl1e ciently. They, in common with the writer, 'and the W. M. C. in this matter. company is pretty well understood among deplore waste • • • whether of time or Sometirpe ago Major General l{ershey people of the community to be a draft materials. stated publicly that the only thing that dodger's paradise. would drive the draft dodgers out of the plant Mr. President, in the face of such waste was social indignation. Some say to me, "You have not made and extravagance it is asserted that mar out a case about these draft dodgers." ried men, fathers, must be taken before Waiting for social indignation to drive How can I make out a case against these · such slackers are taken into the armed the draft dodgers out? Where is the slackers except by submitting the evi service. In the face of such waste and power of this Government when it lets dence that is given to me by people from extravagance it is asserted that the tak draft dodgers and slackers hide in war one end of the country to the other, not ing of fathers cannot be deferred for plants? Yet, in spite of that situation, from crackpots, but from people such as 3 months until the whole manpower situ it is desired to take fathers into the serv this professor of the Connecticut College, ation is investigated, arid such slackers ice, and, I repeat, put the little business who says: as those referred to in the letter I have man out of business and drive him into Every man I know in the plant makes the just read are taken into the service. The overcrowded war plants. What is back fiat assertion that the same number of sub Senate of the United ·States. may not be of it? Do some of the new "brain trust marines could be built with approximately interested in that situation, but the ers" want to put the little businessman half the present number of employees. people of the United States are interested out? Do they want to drive him into. Mr. HOLMAN. Mr. President, will the in it. the big industries? Do they want only Senator yield? · I read now from a copy of a letter writ big industries to continue in operation Mr. WHEELER. I yield. ten by the .legislative representattve of because they feel that it would be easier Mr. ·HOLMAN. Last January I re the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen to regulate them and take them over ported to the Senate Committee on Mili addressed to Mr. A. F. Whitney, presi when the proper time comes? Is that tary Affairs my observation, while in the dent, Grand Lodge Brotherhood of Rail the purpose of it? · What other purpose Oregon section of the-country, of wastage road Trainmen. could there be fo·r what is now going on· of manpower and materials, and at my D:J;:AR BROTHER WHITNEY: I believe We in the United States? request the Truman committee sent out should do all in our power to help Senator Mr. President,. does anyone think for an investigator to ascertain the facts, to BERT WHEELER put through a law to do away one moment that I am standing here with this 10-percent plus that the war -in verify or disprove what I had reported. placing my judgment against that of dustries are enjoying. The cost-plus 10 per-. General Marshall? Some Members of Vlhen the Senator from Missouri [Mr. cent paid by our Government to these in- · TRUMAN] handed me the report of the dustries encourages them to waste $1 to get the Senate say they do not want to investigator, for my confidential infor another 10 cents in profit . . assume the responsibility in the matter. mation, he remarked, "Senator HOLMAN, You have conditions in these war plants The responsibility rests upon the admin the situation is worse than you repre where men are idle- istration and the bureaus involved, and when they will not assume it, when they sented it to be." In spite of repeated Mr. President, this let tel" is not written attempts, I have not peen able to have will not exert the power they have, when by someone who. hates labor; it" is not they will not correct the situation that this report released and made available written by a labor baiter. I continue to to the Senate and to the public. read from it: · exists, then the people of the United Mr. WHEELER. Let me say in answer States have only one recourse, and that You have conditions in these war plants is to appeal to their elected representa to the Senator from Oregon that Mem where men are idle, in fact here in Buffalo bers of the Senate of the United States I have spoken to a party, he claims that tives in Congress; and if their elected may not be interested in the subject. 16 men are employed to do the work 2 men representatives fail them, then govetn.: They may be more interested in some could do with ease. I feel this information ment in the United States-in this demo social function than they are in protect is reliable, as the source from whence it cratic Republic-is gone, and, Mr. Presi ing the fathers of the United States. came is. dent, you know it and I know it. They may be more interested in follow The work done by Curtiss-Wright and Bell I continue to read from the letter: ing the lead of someone else than they Aircraft are very essential and the same, as A short ·time ago, State Director of Se are in taking some responsibility upon they both make airplanes. But if this same lective Service Pearson stated that corpora amount of work can be done by at least 30 tions who had requested deferment for cer themselves. Some Members of the Sen percent less manpower, by all means le't's do ate say to me, "But I do not want to take tain employees had been given sufficient time it. These are just two of the many war plants to replace them and must do so at once. this responsibility." I say to them, here, the other plants are perhaps doing the A few· days later management appointed "What are you here for if not to assume same. these 22-year-old employees to foremanships, responsibility? If you do not dare to • • • and almost immediately thereafter the assume the responsibility of acting to Lodge 224's membership of 700 are very in W. M. C. is·sued a list of deferable occupa correct the waste and the extravagance terested in Senator WHEELER's effort to make tions, which included foremen in industry which is now in effect in this country be this a law. converted ~o war production. · fore you take fathers into the armed So, Mr. President, when I make com I have here another letter from the servict:, then you do not deserve to be in plaint with respect to labor hoarding, I C. I. 0., Local No. 24, Aluminum Workers the Senate of the United States." may say that it is based on complaints of America, Bridgeport, Conn., addressed I shall read again the last sentence I which I receive not from haters of labor to me: read from the letter: but from labor unions themselves: DEAR SIR: We, the undersigned committee, Every man I know in the plant makes the I shall now read from another letter duly appointed by Local Union No. 24 Alumi fiat assertion that the same number of sub addressed to me by a committee of the num Workers of America, to investigate dis marines could be built with approximately C. I. 0., Chevrolet Local 659, Interna crimination in deferments, hereby request half the present number of employees. In that you present the following evidence be spite of this, the company is now advertising tional Union, United Automobile, Air craft, and Agricultural Implement fore the Military Affairs Committee: for 2,000 more. We have been investigating deferments for 3. The last submarine launched at the Workers of America: · several months, and we find that many single company's victory yard was not accepted DEAR SIR: We, the undersigned, a commit men, working in the United States Aluminum by the Navy, though it was supposedly built tee elected by the membership of Chevrolet Co. plants in Bridgeport and Fairfield, in under close Navy supervision. Th.is resulted Local, No. 659, U. A. W.-C. I. 0., to investi c~uding the magnesium plant, are given de in the loss of the Electric Boat Co.'s E, a gate the rumors prevalent in the Flint Chev- ferments, and married men were drafted. 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7851 I We have also found that men working here older men and women should replac~ the Mr. HOLMAN. I am informed that came from other States, and were given in single men in industry so that all single men the stanza was composed in desperate definite deferments by their local boards. could be inducted into the armed services. earnestness by a marine in combat in We also found that officials of the Alumi This committee wishes to commend you on num Co. have sons or relations who have been your stand in regards to the drafting of mar the southwest Pacific area, under the sent to the Fairfielq and Bridgeport plants ried men. general command of General MacArthur: and placed in positions that could be clas We hope that you are successful in your And if our lines should form, then break sified as essential to the war effort. How coming bill in the Senate and would ap Because of things you failed to make ever, we find these men walking around with preciate a copy of sam(;l if possible. The extra tank, or ship, or plane- pads and pencils in their hands, or sitting at Continue your good work for victory, I re- For which we waited all in vain a typewriter. These men are single and main, - And the supplies which never came should be drafted. · Fraternally, Will you then come and' take the blame? A. W. KEENE, Jr., For W", not yoti, will pay the cost Yet there are those who would say, President, Local 225, U. A. W.-C. I. 0. Of battles you, not we, have lost. "Let this go on. Do not take the respon sibility. Let it go on and on and on, and Here is a letter which comes from a Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, I build up tl;te supplies of such workers. man who was an insurance-company thank the Senator. We are going to take the fathers; we are agent: The letter from which I was reading going to take them out of their homes, DEAR SENAToR: I have been much interested continues as follows: by the backs of their necks, and throw in your efforts to prevent the drafting of And, by all the Gods, Senator, what is so fathers into the services, and hope you will complicated about a PT boat that it should their children into the streets." keep up the fight, for under existing condi Shame on anyone who takes that posi cost one-quarter of a million dollars to build? tions I believe it would be a crime to resort When I kicked about not having enough tion. to this, for it is certainly not necessary. to do I was told to mind my own business, I read further from the letter: · If you will investigate the conditions at and now that I have left them they are so We would also recommend that Congress the war plants I am sure you will find enough mad that they will not give me my release, make it compulsory that a committee be ap evidence to support your contention. I will so here I am, perfectly able and wanting to pointed in each plant to work in conjunc give you some details now. Take my own worl{, yet I have to sit home while they ad tion with management relative to requests case. I am the father of three sons,- all in vertise in an the papers and radio to help for deferments, . and making up of replace the service, so about 18 months ago, believ the war effort by getting a job in a war plant, ment schedules. ing I should do something to help, I gave up and also buy bonds. If it were not for my my. business which I had followed for 15 boys being in service I can tell you I would Mr. President, the deferments are al years, to work in the Elco Boat Works at not buy a single bond, for they are just lowed to go on and on, for 6 months, just Bayonne, N. J., building PT boats. I was pouring money down the gutters of our fair so long as the company says, "We must under the mistaken impression that the idea country. was to build boats as fast as it could be At this plant there are leadmen, commonly have them; we cannot replace them." done, but how mistaken I was. I read further from the letter: known as sn~ppers, one for about every four The writer of the letter is a worker in persons, and the only thing they are used We also find that o1any men who are single for is to hinder the men from working. I have had five or six deferments, and many the plant, a man who gave up his little have seen more work stoppages and delays married men are refused deferments. business. He is not a labor baiter. As caused by snappers than from any one thing. We believe that 200 to 275 single men could I have said, I have here a letter from the Snappers indeed. On top of this is assistant be taken from these plants. This does not railroad brotherhoods, letters from var foremen, then foremen galore, none of them include marriages before Pearl Harbor. ious locals of the C. I. 0., and I aJso have doing a day's work, but all of them drawing Hardship c.ases are rarely given consideration letters from soldiers, which I shall read down top money. by local boards. We have a case of James Lewis Martino, order No. 1633, local board 8B, to the Senate. That is the result of the great number New Haven, Conn. He is a core mal.:er; The letter continues: of cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts. married November 27, 1941. He was told by They don't want this war to end; too many I read further from the letter: his local board that he could not appeal, as men there are getting good money, they want I could tell lots more but cannot write it, he was going in October. We are contacting it to last just as long as possible. but hope you will see that this situation is State selective service headquarters for a Here is a plant that could and should turn remedied, and that when you have investi deferment. The United States Aluminum out at least six PT boats per week, with the gated, it will, I am sure, be found that at Co. 'has applied for a deferment and it 'was help and facilities they have there, it is a these plants they have scores of men who denied. Refusing the man the right t,.. ap crime, the way they work it. The most they could be spared who are not fathers. peal .is a violation of the Selective Service Act. have ever turned out is two and one-half per We have complained to General Hen:hey week. There are three men doing one man's I read now from a letter from a worker about the discrimination in deferments, and job all the time, and when one tries to work at Baltimore, Md.: were referred to the State selective service he is disliked. I tried very hard to do my job board at West Hartford, Conn. We con Sm: I am a pipe fitter 'at the largest ship but was always told to go easy; finally I got yard here. Put on your overalls, come in tacted this · board and they promised to in so fed up with it all, that I resigned about 2 vestigate, but nothing has been done. The and see for yourself. weeks ago. There are many, many young men there replacement schedules as submitted by em As I said, they had been turning out two ployers are a joke. These schedules are made and one-half boats per week, now they are just to dodge Army. They stand around, do up and sent to State selective service head changing the model. They knew 6 months no work of value. Too many, by far. quarters by the employer, listing the names, ago they were going to do this, but did not Many Senators are opposed to delaying etc., of employees, and when they can be do a thing about it till they reached the place the drafting· of fathers. They are op released for service. This list, we believe, is where it was to be changed. Now all is unfair to the men, because it can be used stopped; they have not put a single boat into posed to passing my bill and to delaying to get rid of them, if management should the water in 2 weeks, nor will they put one in the drafting of fathers for 3 months so consider them undesirable, regardless of ex for another 2 weeks. Yet they are advertis that the situation can be cleared up be perience. ing for all the help they can get, asking their fore fathers are drafted, homes are Vie therefore suggest that drafting of mar employees to bring anybody they know can broken up, and little businessmen are ried men is uncalled for at this. time, and use tools down there and they will employ put out of business. snould be stopped. them, and this all being done when they Here is a letter ftom Birmingham, If this committee can be of further as already have at least twice as many workers Ala.: sistance· to you, we will be glad to furnish as they can possibly use. Why? names of men, etc., for your information. I am chairman of local draft board No. 10 Mr. HOLMAN. Mr. President, will the and have been since the inauguration of Here is another letter from a C. I. 0. Senator yield? selective service in September 1940. There local. Mind you, Mr. President, OI}.e of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the fore, I am thoroughly familiar with its rules the letters I have read is from Connecti Senator from Montana yield to the Sen and regulations, and throughout the 3 years cut, one is from Flint, Mich., and the one ator from Oregon? that I have served my reputation is that of giving very few deferments. I am on the I now read is from Rockford, n1.: Mr. HOLMAN. Will the Senator yield other hand just as reluctant to inpuct the DEAR SIR: Local225, U. A. W.-C. I. 0., Rock so as to permit me to quote at this point so-called fathers. ford, Ill., has had a committee appointed in in his remarks an 8-line stanza which I It occurred to me t hat perhaps you would the last several months which has protested think apropos of the manpower-wastage be interested in h aving me t ell you that I the deferring of single men and th e drafting situation? · know it to be a fact, that there are numbers of h usbands and fathers. We feel that the Mr. WHEELER. I yield. of boys in this sect ion who should be called 7852 CONGRESSIONAL... RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 tor military service before the drafting of May God bless you and your noble work. This local board is faced with the situation fathers. Only recently the State director of Let us pray for a more Christian America. of drafting fathers when there are single · selective service in Alabama insisted that two men who have been deferred in industry for young college students, who the draft board Here is one from the local selective 3 years; single men deferred in agriculture and appeals board bot h had classified I-A service board at Strawberry Plains, that this board did not think had sufficient should be given deferred classifications and Tenn.: production and refused to classify in class permitted to remain in college, but the State SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM, II-C, but who appealed to the board of appeal director evidently prefers the drafting of LocAL BOARD No. 1, JEFFERSON CouNTY, and were placed in class II-C as necessary fathers before· young college students. In Strawberry Plains, Tenn., men, although their production did not equal my opinion, the two large colleges in this September 25, 1943. 10 units per worker on the farm. State are crowded with students hiding be Senator BURTON K. WHEELER, All the statements made above are facts, hind various artifices to evade military Wa.shington, D. C. and you can use them in any way you see fit, service. DEAR SENATOR WHEEI,.ER: I listened to your and I , will be glad to point out to you or any The writer.further states: address last night, and I wish to advise that other person the cases as outlined above. I agree with you 100 percent. Do not let anyone make you believe that I am 44 years old, and have been the chief That is the same story that I get from many draft boards cannot fill quotas for clerk for Local Board No. 1 of Jefferson one end of the country to the other. a long time if they will t ake men out of County, Tenn., for the past 3 years.- Dur In the face of those facts, it is pro deferred classifications that are now in II-A ing this time I have seen many men rejected posed to take fathers, without investi and II-B and not necessary to the war effort. at Fort Oglethorpe who immediately re gating these cases . . We do not want to Here is a letter from the pastor of the turned home and secured positions in in take 3 months' time to investigate them. dustry, which positions required strenuous It is said, "You are creating a crisis." First Congregational Church at Brain physical labor. I have also seen deferments tree, Mass.: claimed for single men without dependents Bless my soul! We have had nothing Please c6ntinue your gallant fight to pre . for 3 years, with the company claiming the but crises from 1932 to the present mo vent drafting of fathers. Juvenile delin deferments apparently making no effort to ment. We are now facing a real crisis. quency is already an alarming problem. We replace these men .. These men were not We are facing the crisis of whether we already have a large army. skilled workers, as they had only a high-school shall break up the American home. We education and had been employed as ap are facing the crisis of whether we shall The letter is signed by the pastor of the prentices, and deferment was claimed for destroy democracy in this country while church. them while they were serving as apprentices. it is said we are fighting for the "four Here is one from the Monroe Avenue While you did not mention the replace Methodist Church of Rochester, N. Y.: ment Echedules filed by industries, I wish to freedoms" across the water. This summer a very reputable gentle Please continue your fine American stand advise that this board has learned the fol 1n preservation of the American family. lowing from dealing With the replacement man told me that he had talked with a schedules: Russian officer. I will not state the · The very core of our American culture ~nd Industry is the American famnt. Moral and A company will state that they will release particular place at which the conversa social prinmples are at a low ebb throughout a certain single man, or a married registrant tion occurred, but I know where it was. our Nation. To reach further into the fabric without children, on a certain date, say, on Allow me to say that my informant is of the American family and thus destroy . September 1, 1941, and when that date ar- . a very reputable man. He said, "This another basic fiber from our homes will be rives they will file a supplementary replace ment schedule, and the Selective Service Russian officer who was here this sum fatal. Headquarters will accept saine, and they mer said to me, 'I do not see very much Here is one from a lawyer in San An will then ask for these ~arne men to be de difference between your government and tonio, Tex.: ferred for another 6 months. If the local ours. The only difference I see is that board does not agree with industry, the Di we shoot men for inefficiency. We call I listened with much interest to your dis rector of Selective Service will take an ap it sabotage. You promote them.'" cussion of the manpower problem, as the peal, and the board of appeal will place the same relates to the question of drafting Here is a letter from Pueblo, Colo. It registrant·in class II-B for another 6 months. states in part as follows: fathers. There can be no doubt in the minds I wish to also call to your attention the of right-thinking men that you are em fact that when a registrant is released by a Am sending you a clipping taken from the inently correct in your position. company on a replacement schedule, before "Open forum" column oi the Denver Post. The sacrifices required of the people of this a draft board can give him all the necessary Nation, due to the war, are monument al. notices about the reopening of his clas "Why draft fathers when soldiers The consequences of the war, even if carried sification, 5 days notice to appear for phy loaf?" is the title of the clipping to which on with the greatest consideration with re sical examination, and 10 days to appeal his the letter refers. The clipping reads as gard to the future, will be terrific, and, if classification, the registrant will secure em follows: great care is not exercised, they will be ployment with anot her company, and they disastrous; that tl:te effect upon the moral will claim deferment on him. When a reg-· To the Open Forum: standards has been damaging, there can be istrant follows this procedure, it is impos We represent a group of permanent party no question, nor that the l:iome life has been sible for a draft board to get him in the soldiers here in Denver who read recently detrimentally affected. · Army, as the new employer will put him on a an item in the Denver Post under the head replacement schedule, and he will stay with line: "Find a war job or fight." This was them until he is released for military serv addressed to married men. Now three of us Let me add, that you did not touch upon are married and have children and we en one material fact, unless it was covered by ice and then secure employment with an other concern. Cases such· as this have listed in the Army to do just that-to fight. the category of men employed in Govern Most of us have been here since we enlisted. ment bureaus, this fact is, we are told, that h a ppened several t imes with this local board. This local board has had registrants leave Now, why should any man who is married in the departments operated by the Army be inducted into the Army just to hang itself, and where civilians are employed, such their jobs after they have been placed in 1-A, and go to shipyards, airplane factories, and around Lowry Field or any other Army base as Kelley Field, Fort Sam Houston, and other for the duration of the war? places surrounding this city, where possibly the ·like, and these companies would employ them and claim deferment on them. If the Before the drafting of married men, espe 100,000 civilians are on Government pay rolls, 10 days allowed for appeal had expired, they cially fathers, is carried out why is it not that t here is a tremendous waste of man would write the State director of selective first advocated sending overseas the men power. I have been told by people so em service, and he would request the local board who are already in the Army and are only ployed, that one-third of the personnel could to reopen the case. too anxious to go over there and fight? be discharged without loss of production; in While you did not ment ion deferments in Pvt. (1st Cl.) ROBERT E. DALY: fact, that the efficiency would be largely in agriculture, I wish to advise that this board Sgt. H. L. STEINBOCK. creased by so doing. h as approximately 175 men deferred in agri Staff Sgt. Guy SWANNEY. Staff Sgt. WILLIAM BoNNER. Here is one from the Franciscan culture, and, to the best of my knowledge, I LpWRY FIELD. . Fathers: do not believe that there are 10 tenant single men that the farm owners have claimed de Here are four men, three of whom are We heard with much interest your radio ferments for; however, it seems that every married and have children, who read the address and we pray that you will be suc farmer that has a son wishes to get rid of his article ''Find a War Job or Fight." ce s~ful against the diabolical forces who are tenant farmers in order to claim deferment trying to wreck our American, nay, Chris for the son. The Army has released several They enlisted in the Army to fight. tian, institution of the home. We shudder men for farming, to my personal knowledge, They now say in effect, "We are lying to think of the responsibility these men are and that, to my personal knowledge, these around the field with nothing to do." willing to assume in order to further their soldiers who were released were not engaged Here is a letter from an engineering own selfish aims. God save our fathers and in farming at the time of their induction or contractor. It is from Los Angeles, thereby protect our homes. enlistment. Calif., and reads in part as follows: 1943 CO~~GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7853 Your statement that a considerable amount contracts on a cost-plus-fixed-fee basis, upon him when the order numbers were of the defense-plant labor is wasted is abso are employing large numbers of men for drawn in this draft lottery. lutely true, but I doubt if your statements whom there is no work. We cannot are strong enough. Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. President, will the I am a successful contractor, 64 years of blame the men. It is human nature. Senator yield? age, with 40 years' construction experience. Many of them have said that they have Mr. WHEELER. I yield. A registered Democrat. a softer job than they had on W. P. A. Mr. DOWNEY. Has the Senator at For 6 months I worked in and along Lock and God knows that was soft enough for hand and does he intend to place in the heed and Vega aircraft plants and observed most of them. Who is to blame for it? RECORD the Gallup poll on this issue? the ..;ay a lot of their employees wasted their Is the Congress of the United States to time. Mr. WHEELER. I have not got it, but blame for it? Are fathers to blame for I understand that it showed, before any I also picked up a lot of the employees it? Are their children to blame for it? going to and from work, and the majority of facts were brought out, that 66 percent them would brag as to what a small amount Who is to blame for it? The blame rests were against drafting fathers. of work they did that day. Several times right here in the city of Washington. It Mr. DOWNEY. I may say to the dis young men and their wives-both working in rests right on the heads of various de tinguished Senator I think it was even the same plant-would discuss what they had partments. stronger than that. I think about 75 done all day, and invariably they would com The assertion is often made, "You ment as to how little they had actually ought to go along with the _administra percent of those who expressed an opin produced. ion, or 68 percent of the total number tion; surely you desire unity." Cer who were interviewed, were opposed to A man told me this morning that his son-· tainly that would imply that I and all in-law is employed by one of the plants as an drafting fathers. A substantial minority expert, drawing over $600 a month, but he of us should simply permit this waste and did not express any opinion. has not done a particle of work for over 6 inefficiency to continue to go on, and we I should like to make· a further com weeks. He reports daily at the plant, then ought to keep our mouths shut. We ment. I have not copy of the poll, but goes back home for the rest of the day. should not say anything because we a As to the Ehipyards. ought to trust these departments. We I think it ought to be placed in the A construction superintendent who worked ought to let the military· service take RECORD, because, in my opinion, it is a for us several years is now employed at one fathers and break up homes. Well, clear indication that in the villages and of the local shipyards. He made this state others may do so but I am not going to cities of America where men are talking ment to me: "It is a crime the,way the men do it. Others may do it because they to their own boys in the service and know loaf on the job. If you had a contract for · what men are doing in factories and on these ships, you would fire over one-third of have read headlines and editorials in the farms, out there where the facts are the men and then get more work done." . He some of the newspapers, the writers of known, our people know there is no ex has also stated that he knows he could do the which did not know or have the facts, cuse for the drafting of fathers. I think work of four men; the way the average e~ and do not have them today. Let me ployee worked. say that Mr. Baruch did not have the the Gallup poll should be in the RECORD. He thinks 10 percent of the men do not facts; he could not have had the facts; Mr. WHEELER. I thank the Senator. actually work over an hour a day, 25 percent ·Mr. Byrnes has not the facts, and no I do not know whether we have it or not. do not work over 2 hours a day, and not over Mr. DOWNEY. If the Senator will 25 percent actually try to produce. other heads of the departments have further yield, I inquire if he would like Wh9.t few that do try to earn their wages them. Mr. Baruch has done everything to have a quorum called? are continually "ribbed" by the loafers. he could, and I think Mr. Byrnes is try- . Mr. WHEELER. No, not just now. The cure for this inefficiency is to put the ing to do all he can; but what they ought · defense plants on a straight contract basis.. to do is to dismiss some of the heads of Mr. DOWNEY. The Senator has been You m ay rest assured if this is done the talking for quite awhile. the departments who have let these con Mr. WHEELER. Here is a letter from man shortage will be relieved considerably as tracts; they ought to kick th~m out be the plants will then lay off the "drones." cause of inefficiency and incompetence. Dallas, Tex., in which the writer says: I hope you succeed in your efforts to defer The War Manpower Commission ad Your heroic fight to preserve the United pre-Pearl Harbor fathers as there will be rn.its 5-percent waste in manpower utili States of America, with its institutions and plenty of orphans and dependents after this traditions, has cau sed many people to think, war. zation; yet they, who have permitted this and to remain uninfluenced by fine phrases, waste to go on, say it is necessary to draft promises, and threats. Mr. President, that is the kind of re fathers and break up homes. D::>es that ports which I receive. make sense to anybody? We are told He says further: Senators may go into any community we must not vote to stop it; that we must The writer realizes well that the General in my State, I care not where, and they vote to let it go on. Staff and the War Department must have a will see men such as carpenters and I read from an article by Ben W. Gil free hand in the strategical and tactical others who had been employed in defense battle plans. This policy is in no way re bert in the Washington Post : lated to such plan, and seems to be a mere and became so thoroughly disgusted War Manpower Commission officials yester whim of the War Department and General that they returned to their homes. day frankly admitted that the country's labor Staff to sa t"isfy those who seek quick and They will state that thousands upon could be used 25 percent more effectively than frequent promotion. I would not ask you thousands of men are employed in those at present. to interfere in the movement of troops or plants. L:1st Saturday a man in the War ships, or to have you suggest at which point Department said to me, "We sent a very Here is a letter from Birmingham, our armed forces should strike. But I do feel well-known and very prominent man out Ala.-and I am sorry the Senators from that the personnel policies of the War De to visit and inspect one of the war plants. Alabama are not present. The writer of partment--the relieving of these officers be the letter says: ing only one-are not in the best interests He came back and said that everybody of our country. was working there.'' The man in the My work carries me on many trips throvgh out the State of Alabama. I ean assure you Hoping you can make your views heard W a r D~p ar tment then said to me, "I that in large cities and small villages, not in this matter, as you have made them heard talked to some of the workers and they only the pr'e-Pearl Harbor fathers but every in many other matters, I am- told me how the management put it over citizen who can think two jumps ahead of Here is a letter from Indianapolis, Ind., on the man who came to visit the plant." the present hour, heart.ily endorses :,tour fight He said they told him they had not to ban the drafting of heads of families. written by the clerk of the city court, who been working for several days, but when In the event that the Army and Navy says: they knew the visitor was coming there chieftains prevail, and it does become neces In my position as city clerk I come in con the management shot the workers in to sary to call us fathers to service, can't some tact with many people and naturally hear provision be made to have the calls made in expressions of opinion on subjects of national do some work. order of number of dependents, instead of by interest I am taking this opportunity to I received a letter from a very promi draft number? It appears obvious that the pass on to you 'a few observations obtained nent man in my State giving me similar draft of a father with one child will in the from discussion on the subject of selective information with reference to Whl\t was great majority of cases work less hardship on service as it applies to drafting of fathers taking place in some of the plants en innocent parties than will the drafting of a which is now being considered by Congress. gaged in defense work in my home State man who must leave a wife with two, three, The consensus of opinion seems to be the of Montana where first-class efficient or four children. And it does seem so point shortag~ of manpower, both in the armed less to have a man leave a family and three or forces and in defense industries is not due employees were lying around with noth four children while a father with one child so much to the failure to draft fathers but ing to do. The men cannot be blamed in similar financial circumstances stays home, the failure on the part of the Select_ive Serv when the industry itself, because of war- merely because the Godess of Chance smiled ice Bureau and the War Manpower Commis- 7854 CONGRESSIONAL RECORI;>-SEN_ATE SEPTEMBER 28 sion to coordinate their forces to their full marine service, and I understand that these The letter from the British Embassy extent. are ·roughly comparable with those in force continues: by the United States Navy. Men suffering He goes on to say: from curable diseases are accepted and are Army: The position here is rather more The percentage of rejections and returns to treated after admission to the service. Only complicated. Before the war there were cer civilian life in the bracket over 30 is now in tubercular cases are the standards quite tain definite standards of height, age, chest very large. It would undoubtedly be much uncompromising. The general principle is measurement, etc. I am enclosing a copy of larger if fathers were drafted. that if a man has been released for war the Regulations, and you will find these standards given on pages 73 to 76. The p:i-in In this connection let me call the service he can be fitted in somewhere, the substandard relieving a better man for a ciple today is rather different. The old attention of the Senate to the fact that more active job. standards have been given up, and men who there are in this country today over are released for service are graded into. a 3,000,000 men in the IV-F classification. Mr. President, if our Army ami Navy number of categories according to their phy Of that number the Army is taking 5 would follow that principle there would sical fitness. I am enclosing a statement percent, and, according to all the reports be no excuse for taking the fathers of giving these categories and some particu I this country into the armed services. lars about them. Wo'uld you be so kind as get, it is constantly releasing IV-F men to return to me these papers and the boo!{· after they have been taken into the Yet we are letting many husky young let of Regula-tions, as these are the only copies service. These men are returning to men leave the Army and Navy day after we have here? civil life and are going to work in vari day. I hope this gives you the information ous industries in positions whicl. require I might say that I went to my office you wanted. strong, husky men. Sunday to open the mail because I did Believe me, Mind you, Mr. President, Russia, as not want it so cluttered up when we Very sincerely yours, everyone admits, has one of the best resumed our session in the Senate. One Maj. J. G. LOCKHART, fighting forces in the world today. of my clerks was there helping me, and Private Secretary. They have demonstrated that fact. I we worked from half-past 3 in the after Mr. President, what are some of these called the Russian Embassy and asked noon until 9 o'clock at night just open them what Russia's requirement3 were ing the mail that came in upon the sub categories? I read from the data fur as to age and physical fitness. They ject I am now discussing. nished me by the British Embassy: said that from the northern part of While I was in the office two men called their country the Russian Army takes me up, one from my home State, and one (1) (2) (3) men up to 50 years of age. In the from the State of Louisiana. One of Locality in southern section of the country the these men can speak English, Spanish, Army Army standard as regards which men cate physique and capabilities may normally Russian Army does not take-- men up to French, and German. He had been a gory be employed 50 generally, because they are not so school teacher when he enlisted in the strong and so healthy and husky as Army. He wished to get an officer's com A.l See to shoot or drive. Can Any ,area in a those in the north. mission, and the Army sent him around undergo severe strain with theater of ·Mr. President, there have been re out defects of locomotion, war. from pillar to post, and finally he wound with only minor (remcdi· leased from the service 275,000 men up in Richmond, where they let him out able) disabilities. who are between the ages of 38 and 45, because, they said, he had a slight defect A.2 See to shoot or drive. Can Do. undergo severe strain with who passed every test given them by in one of his eyes. He told me he never slight defects of locomotion, the local doctors and then by the Army, -knew that he had a defect, but he stated with only minor (remedi able) di.'labilities. · and who were inducted into the service. that he could read perfectly .without • A.3 See to drive. Can undergo Do. They have been discharged after having glasses. This young man said, "I am go severe strain with or with been given a year's training. Those are out slight defects of locomo ing to Canada and enlist in the Canadian tion, with only minor not my figures; they are the figures of Army, because I .want to get into the (remediable) disabilities. the Army. _ B.l See to shoot or drive. Can L. of C., base war." undergo considerable exer or garrison Now fathers are to be called. While A man from my State also came to my tion not involving severe service at the 2-75,000 men are not capable proba office. He has been in the Army, and has strain without defects of home or locomotion, with moderate abroad. bly of undergoing severe training, yet been under training for nearly 2 years, degree of disabilities. the Army says that it is necessary to but they are discharging him because he B.2 See to shoot or drive. Can Do. have one-third of those in the Army do undergo considerable exer had been treated in the hospital for some tion not involving severe what ·is called housekeeping work. slight disorder of the stomach. He said, strain, with defects of loco Mr. McNutt has been- very severely motion, with moderate de "I am perfectly capable of going on and gree of disabilities. criticised and General Hershey has been doing the kind of work I am doing now. B.2a Bee to drive. Can undergo Do. blamed for many things. Let me call I am not capable of going out into com considerable exertion not involving severe strain, with attention to the f::wt that General Her bat service or taking hard physical train or without slight defects of shey stated that if the military services ing, but I am perfectly capable of doing locomotion, with moderate would reduce their standards and take degree of disabilities. the work I am now 13erforming." I think B.3 See for ordinary purposes but Do. some of the men from IV-F, they could he has been stationed at Pittsburgh. not shooting or driving. get 2,000,000 more men for the Army Can undergo severe strain A very well known businessman of this without defects of locomo and Navy. city said to me sunday morning, "You tion, with only minor I dare say Senators think that the are absolutely right in the position you (remediable) disabilities. B.4 See for ordinary purposes but Do. British have a pretty good navy. The take. I have two sons in the Army. One not shooting or driving. British boast of the fact, and everyone of them is a big boy, who stands 6 feet 2, Can undergo severe strain admits that the British have a pretty with slight defects of loco who could plaY baseball or football or motion, with only minor good navy. I called up the British Em any other game, but they were about to (remediable) disabilities. bassy and asked them for some figures, 8.5 See for ordinary purposes but Do. discharge him from the Army because it not shooting or driving. and I received a letter, from which I was said ·he had some physical defect. Can undergo considerable read: I exertion not involving severe He wanted to stay in; so went down strain with or without MY DEAR MR. SENATOR: I am sorry not to and insisted and made a fight to have defects of locomotion, with have been able to seild you sooner the par him stay in. The authorities finally had moderate degree of disabili ticulars about the physical standards in the a board in Washington pass upon him,, ties. British services for which you asked, but we B.6 Physique and standard of Do. and the board said he was perfectly vision are good enough for a have very little on the subject here and what higher category but the man we have is not very accessible. sound physically." · is placed in this category Royal Navy: Neither before the war nor Mr. President, it is not a question be because of defective (stand now were there any rigid physical standards ard 3) hearing. tween General Marshall and me; the C Standard of vision is good Home •service laid down. Before the war the standard question is, Do gentlemen want to be enough for a higher category only. actually applied varied according to the sup governed by the facts, or do they want to but the man is placed in ply of and demand for recruits. Today any this category because of man in a reasonable physical condition is let people lead them around by the nose marked defects oflocomotion in order that the authorities may drive or marked physical disabili accepted for· general service on the principle ties or evidence of past that he can be fitted in somewhere.- Cer fathers into industry regardless of · disease, or combinations of tain physical standards are laid down for whether they should go into industry or these. specific duties. such as aviation or the sub- not? 1943. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7855 Mr. President, compare those with our Hershey, that the physical standards be That is, stop drafting married men standards. If we should lower our lowered by the Army. On the other hand, if General White-=- standards in a comparatively. slight de Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the Sen , . gree we would not have to take blind men ator again yield? · General White is Assistant Chief of or deaf men, but if we would lower the Mr. WHEELER. I yield. Staff, G-1 (personnel), War Department standards of the Army and Navy, as Gen Mr. HILL. The Senator from Mon General Stat!- · eral Hershey stated, we could get 2,000,000 tana is exactly correct in his statement. if General White would come to me and say, more men out of class IV-F. · Governor McNutt and General Hershey "If you were a member of my division, what Mr. HILL. Mr. President- both said that they had talked with would you advise me on this?" obviously my advice would have to be different because it The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. LucAs Army officials, and I will even use the is a different viewpoint. in the chair). Does the Senator from word "argued"-that they had perhaps Montana yield to the Senator from Ala- argued with the Army officials and Navy General Hershey said he was speaking bama? · officials about both branches lowering as a salesman, and was trying to get the Mr. WHEELER. I yield. their physical standards. Army and the Navy to take all they Mr. HILL. I do not like to interrupt Mr. WHEELER. Yes. could. · the Senator's speech. Mr. HILL. But let us see what G~n Mr. WHEELER. Of course. That is Mr. WHEELER. That is all right. eral Hershey has to say about that. I exactly what I have beeh saying. There have before me his testimony appearing Mr. HILL. The Senator has repeated is no dispute about that matter. Gen on the same page from which I have just two or three times that General Hershey eral H ershey and Mr. McNutt both stated read, page 190. The Senator from Mon said that 2,000,000 men could be obtained that they felt the Army and the Navy tana was interrogating General Hershey. should lower their physical standards. from class IV-F. Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. Senator WHEELER. As he said- Mr. President', Col. J. E. Nelson, State director, Selective Service System, The Senator from Montana in his Mr. HILL. On the basis of General Minnesota, appeared before the commit question has reference to Governor Mc Hershey's statement to the efiect, as the tee and said that the armed services had -Senator from Montana has said, that Nutt- from time to time changed the physical 2,000,000 men could be obtained from As be said, he or his War Manpower Board standards, and complained bitterly with class IV-F, one could just as well say that has disagreed wi_th the Army and Navy with respect to the way the local boards had 3,000,000 men could be obtained · from reference to the standards which they have had, because it did disturb or interfere with to handle the manpower situation in view class IV-F, because there are 3,000,000 of the changes which were made from men in IV-F. · them getting the necessary single men and the married men without children. time to time. Here is his· testimony: Mr. President, I have before me part 2 General HERSHEY. That is correct. The - Colonel NELSON. I might say, to begin with, ·of the hearings before the Committee on procurement man must try, if he can, to sell . that the local boards are constantly comb Military Affairs of September 15, 16, and what he 'has on hand. It is my business to ing over the IV-F's, and as new changes are 17, 1943. On page 190 of the hearings sell every last man that the Army and Navy made by the 'nrmy, as far as standards are let us see just what General Hershey did can possibly us~. · concerned, we at our board have a medical say. General Hershey was testifying. Senator WHEELER. You have tried to the officer and it is his job to work in conjunc best of your ability to do that; but the Army tion with the local board, to see that those Senator WHEELER. The next question I and Navy have disagreed with you with standards are followed by the local board. wanted to ask you was: If these standards reference to that. Senator WHEELER. How many times do were lowered-- General HERSHEY. They have come down they change the standards? some, but obviously they have not come Colonel NELSON. Senator, I believe, rough The Senator was talking about physi down to the seller's market yet. ly, we have had standards changed around cal standards ; if the physical standards Senator WHEELER. They have not come six to eight times. were lowered. down to the point where you think they Senator WHEELER. That is what I under Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. should come down· as a seller? stood, that they changed the standards six Mr. HILL. I read: General HERSHEY. As a seller, I will try or eight times. That has been of itself ex to sell every available man. · . tremely confusing to many of the local If these standards were lowered and a full Senator WHEELER. I think you are doing boards. check was made of the available single men the right thing. Not only that, but I think Colonel NELSON. That is true, but the in this country, and if the Army and Navy when you are doing that you are doing some change in standards is almost immediately -standards were lowered to take in some of thing that the country will thoroughly ap reflected by the local board, because their the classifications you have named today, prove of before you take married men with efforts may be in that direction. They real you would not have to take married men at children, because if anybody has seen the ize there is a lot of manpower in there, or least for a long time, would you? mail that is coming to me, there is no ques they feel there is a lot of manpower in that GENERAL HERSHEY. That is right. We have tion at all but what the overwhelming ma group that ought to be in the armed forces, s,ooo,ooo men, approximately, in IV-F, or a jority of the people of this country, in my and they are very anxious to get them out. little more. If you pould lower the standards judgrpent-some of the Senators may dis Mr. President, what is true of the to the place where you could take 2,000,000 of agree with me-but what the overwhelm them, obviously you would put it off. ing majority of the people of this country . draft boards in Minnesota is true with is opposed to taking these fathers and break respect to practically every one of the Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. ing up the American home until all the other draft boards throughout the United Mr. HILL. Of course that would re available people are taken into the Army and States. \Vho knows best the conditions sult in putting off the drafting of mar Navy. ' which exist in a State? We have on~ the ried men. But that does not mean that Senator HILL. General, · you spoke about . local draft boards responsible men, who General Hershey was advocating that we being a salesman and selling your product. have been picked because they c-,re sub If you were a division commander at the front, should go into class IV-F and take phys you would be in a different position, would stantial citizens in their particular com ically disqualified and disabled men. If you not? munities. Yet from time to time they it were desired to take all the men who General HERSHEY. Obviously. are resigning their jobs. A few mo have been disqualified for physical dis S:mator. HILL. And your views might be en- ments ago, in the absence of the junior abilities we could take 3,000,000 men, in tirely different? · Senator from Alabama, I read a letter cluding one-legged men, one-eyed men, General HERSHEY. There is no question from ·a local draft board in the State about that. If I were a battery commander, of Alabama. The writer complained tubercular men, and men with all sorts of I probably would not want these people, but physical disabilities. with respect to what was happening in I am not a battery commander today. the great State of Alabama concerning Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, I have Senator HILL. You are trying to. sell your single men and fathers. not at any time contended that General product? _ General HERSHEY. Yes, sir; I am trying to I continue to read from the statement Hershey advocated- that such a course of Colonel Nelson: be followed, .but what I shall say now, in sell my product. Senator WHEELER. I know in my State view of the fact that the Senator · from Mr. HILL. Then General Hershey many of the local boards were extremely con• Alabama has brought up the question, is continued: fused. They hated to send a man up and th:1t Commissioner McNutt has advo-· Yes. I tried to get people that I thought then when he was turned back to send him cated to the Army, and so has General · would actually stop that- up again. They said they would change so LXXXIX~£ 5 ,7856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 2~ often it meant they would have to keep call all those who are. in the other categories, Mr. CHAVEZ. I shall sug.gest one in ing this man up and sending him over there. whether illiterates, defectives, or any other stance, which possibl:y can be multiplied They just did n€lt like to be calling t~e fell~w categories, after you have taken in all those many thousand times, of what the Sen up and sending him over and havmg h~m you expect to take in, you still are required ator from Montana has in mind. I know come back and then sending him over agam, to induct fathers in order to meet the quota? of a young man in my State who is in because it upset his business, it upset him, colonel NELSON. If the armed forces remain it had a very confusing eff ect not only upon steadfast in what they must have in the as good physical condition as possibly the man himself but u pon the industry, upon forces, I see no other alterna~ive. any young man in the Army. He is un the businessmen, and everybody else. married; but ear_ly in life, when he was Colonel NELSON. Both confusing and No other alternative than to draft 2 or 3 years of age, he had the unfor embarrassing. fathers. tunate experience of having a small, two • * • Mr. WHEELER. Of course, Mr. Presi by-four operation on his jaw, and he has Sehator BARKLEY. As to these six or eight dent; but that testimony does not change a little disfi gtlrement in his lower jaw. changes in the standards that you speak of, the situation in the slightest degree, be Aside from that disfigurement, he is in were they made with the view of increasing cause Colonel Nelson went on to say how perfect condition. His heart, his lungs, the men drawn into the service from the the men in his State are healthier and his whole physical make-up are in per pool, or were · they made with the view of stronger. But the distinguished junior making it more difficult to get them in? fect condition. Not only that, but he is Colonel NELSON. I believe the Army ought Senator from Alabama talks about these very well trained. However, he is work to answer that, but I would say offhand, from men being silly. The men take an exam ing for one of the agencies of the Fed 'the administration of the selective-service ination. Those who give the examina eral Government because he cannot fit standpoint, that it works both ways. Some tion know the men from their own com into the Army. · have been in the interest of getting more munities. They see them and under -Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will manpower for the armed forces, and others stand them and feel that they should be the Senator yield? have been as the result, in all probability, of in the Army. They see them go to the the difficulties they encountered in the serv Mr. WHEELER. I yield. ice through certain physical deficiencies, and, various induction centers, for instance to Mr. -BARKLEY. I realize how easy it therefore, it was necessary to change the the one at Missoula, Mont., and then is for any of us, I ·suppose, to see or hear standards. learn that sometimes 30 percent of those of some individual case and then mul who have taken the first examination tiply it by any number of multiples which Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the Sen have been sent back, after having we may imagine would fit the situation. ator again yield? traveled 300 or 400 miles. I have seen The Senator from Montana spoke about Mr. WHEELER. I yield. that happen in own State time and time the sending of men to Missoula to be Mr. HILL. T.he Senator has referred again. I have seen instance after in examined. I presume that is the induc to Colonel Nelson, of Minnesota. Gen stance of men who have bee~ rejected tion point. eral Hershey described himself as a na subsequently going to work' on the rail Mr. WHEELER. It was. I think per tional salesman, and just as General Her roads or in factories, and demonstrating haps it has since beeri changed. shey is a national salesman, so, to use that they are just as strong as men in Mr. BARKLEY. They had gone General Hershey's expression, Colonel the services. through what the Senator from Alabama Nelson is the salesman in the_State of Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the called a cursory examination by the qraft Minnesota. Colonel Nelson makes it Senator yield? board in the county; is that correct? clear that even if . some men could be Mr. WHEELER. I yield. Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. squeezed out from the physically dis Mr. HILL. Colonel Nelson in his testi Mr. BARKLEY. And then they were abled group in class 4-F, and SOJ;Ile addi mony takes the position that, although sent to Missoula for induction. The tional meri. could be picked up here and the Army and the Navy do not take some Senator from Montana says that many there, still it would be necessary to draft men who should be taken, even if such of those men who were rejected and who fathers. men were taken the Army and the Navy came back home, were physically strong On page 151 of Colonel Nelson's testi would not be able to reduce materially and able to be in the Army, and that mony the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. the number of fathers who ultimately subsequently they worked on the rail BARKLEY] asked the following question of must be taken. road tracks or engaged in other labor. Colonel Nelson: Furthermore, let me say that the in How does the Senator know that of his I should like to ask you whether, as direc ductee receives only a cursory examina own knowledge? tor of the selective service of Minne~ota, you would be able to fill the quotas without tion at the hands of the Selective Serv Mr. WHEELER. How do I know that? drafting the fathers that are involved in this ice. He does not get a really thorough Mr. BARKLEY. Yes. bill? . or complete examination until he arrives Mr. WHEELER. Because I have seen Colonel NELSON. I would say "Decidedly at the induction center, where the exam it with my own eyes. •no.' " We have approximately 8 percent of ination is given by the Army. ' Mr. BARKLEY. Let me ask the Sen our registrants that are in 4-F. Mr; WHEELER. The inductees cer ator about that. The Senator was not Of course, as we know, the men in 4-F tainly are given more than a cursory at Missoula, and did not see the men -are the men who have been rejected be examination when they are sent to Mis examined there, I presume? . ((ause of physical. disability. soula, Mont. I submit one can go into Mr. WHEELER. No; but I have seen Colonel Nelson then said: any local community in the country and the men who came back. can obtain the facts and will find men We have approximately 450,000 registrants Mr. BARKLEY. Did the Senator see from 18 to 38. Therefore, there are roughly who have been rejected at the induction them working on railroad tracks? around 36,000 or 37,000 in that classification. centers but who are good, strong, husky Mr. WHEELER. I did not see- them men. working on railroad tracks, but I have Meaning the men in the 4-F physical Of course, the total number of fathers seen them. disability classification. involved, according to the general, is Mr. BARKLEY. But the Senator men While we feel, if the Army and Navy would 446 000. If from the more than 3,000,000 tioned railroad tracks. reduce their standards to some degree, we me~ in class rv:...F it is impossible to ob Mr. WHEELER. It is not a question could produce probably a small fraction of tain a sufficient number of men to take that number for service in the armed forces, of my seeing each and every one of them, that it would be helpful in lowering the the places of some of those who are because I do not imagine the Senator number of fathers we should ultimately have needed in the combat service, when one from Kentucky is able to see all the to call. third of the Army will not be in combat people of Kentucky . . Senator BARKLEY. In other words, t hen, if service but will be doing housekeeping Mr. BARKLEY. No; and I am not I understan d you, in your State, after you work, as the Army terms it, or work in going to imagine the condition of all h ave rescreened- the Services of SupplY, or work in guard the people of Kentucky whom I cannot That is after the men in the physical ing bridges, then something is radically see. disability' class . have been reexamined, wrong. Mr. WHEELER. That is not neces and after just as many of them as pos Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the sary; but in many instances I have talked sible have been squeezed out of that Senator yield? to the boys, and have talked to those in class- 'Mr. WHEELER. I yield. the services. If for one moment t~e 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7857

Senator does not believe what I am ~ay Mr. BARKLEY. Those doctors may boards. The Senator made the state ing, let him go into· his own State or have been local doctors, but I dare say ment that many men who should have into any other State of the Union, and that they were part of the Army staff been kept in the Army were being sent he will find that the facts I am stating of examiners. home. Whether they were examined by will be confirmed. Mr. WHEELER. They were not. The local physicians or Army physicians, or Mr. BARKLEY. I have serious doubt Senator does not know what he is talk by reserve physicians, it seems to me that about whether it would be possible to go ing about. to say that many of them who ought to into any or all the States and to have Mr. BARKLEY. I have a good ex have been kept in the Army were re confirmed the statements the Senator ample in following the Senator from jected is a reflection upon the skill-and has made as facts. I am sure the Sen Montana in that regard. ability of the physicians who examined ator is serious in stating his belief of Mr. WHEELER. When the Senator · them. The Senator may well contend, whatever the facts may be; but there are makes such a statement, he is entirely as he has done all along, that the Army not enough Regular Army physicians to mistaken. · standards are too high. That is a mat examine all the men. Many of the phy Mr. BARKLEY. I am not talking ter which is, of course, subject to de sicians, now in the Army, who examined about the local draft boards. The men bate; but I would not be willing to sub the men are physicians who, until the at the induction centers are examined stitute my judgment or the judgment of war, had been in civilian life and in by doctors who are charged by the War Congress as to the physical standards of civilian practice. They do the best they Department with responsibility. the men who are to do the fighting, for can to pass upon the physical fitness of Mr. WHEELER. That is a different that of the Army and Navy. We must the men they examine, in accordance thing, leave the decision of that question to the with the regulations and the standards Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator is talk Army and the Navy. fixed by the Army. They have to do ing about Missoula. That is an induc Mr. WHEELER. First of all, the Sen that. It may be that now and then they tion point. ator is in error in his statement of facts, reject some one about whom they have Mr. WHEELER. Let us get this mat and he is in error as to what I said. I doubt, some one who might turn out to ter straight. First, they were screened believe that the doctors of Montana be a good soldier. However, I do not in a certain place. They were passed know me at least as well as does the think it is fair to indict all the doctors of upon by the local doctors in the local Senator from .Kentucky, or perhaps the country who have gone.into the Army communitY. better. and now are examining the men who Mr. BARKLEY. That was before the Mr. BARKLEY. Let me say that if may be drafted by sayi_ng that they reject draft board. they know the Senator as well as I do, from the Army men who may merely Mr. WHEELER. That was before the they know him pretty well. have some slight physical defect. Those · draft board. Then they were sent to Mr. WHEELER. They do. I have doctors are just as sincere and honest Missoula, Mont.-- lived there a long time. and patriotic as the rest of the Army; Mr. BARKLEY. Which is an induc Mr. BARKLEY. I have known the and I do not think it is fair to speak as. tion point. Senator for a long time, and I have en the Senator from Montana has spoken, Mr. WHEELER. I do not know joyed that privilege. I hope the Senator of all the doctors who have gone into the · whether it can be called an induction and I can disagree honestly and sin Army service from the practice of civilian point or not; but at that time doctors cerely, without in any way reflecting upon medicine. from Montana examined the men. The each other's good faith in the matter. Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, let me system may have changed. I certainly have no such intention. say it is perfectly ridiculous to make Mr. BARKLEY. It would not be neces.:. Mr. WHEELER. What I said was that such a statement as that, because I have sary to go outside Montana to obtain many men were being rejected for mili not said anything of the sort. good doctors. However, they would con tary service because of the high stand Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator has duct such examinations as a part of the ards adopted by the Army. That is the talked about the rejection of men by doc Army examining board. only excuse. I assume that the doctors tors, and they are rejected by doctors -Mr. WHEELER. Exactly; but they were doing their duty. I believe they who have been taken from civilian life. were not in the Army. They were not were; but I am saying that a great many Mr. WHEELER. I understand that; Army officers. men in this country, who should be in but I do not intend to let the Senator Mr. BARKLEY. They are charged the Army, are being rejected for military from Kentucky put such words in my with moral responsibility. service. I repea,t t_hat ·statement, not mouth. Mr. WHEELER. But they are not withstanding the fact that some A ~· my . Mr. BARKLEY. What did the Sen Army doctors. officer may say to the contrary. I do ator ·intend to infer? He spoke of the Mr. BARKLEY. They may not have not believe that because a man puts on a men being rejected. been in uniform. uniform we must tr·-e his word for every Mr. WHEELER. Of course; but if the Mr. WHEELER. Those doctors, of thing he says. If .that situation should Senator had listened to what I have said course, were doing what they had to do arise in the United States, our Govern this afternoon-- because of the physical standards of the ment would be gone. The Senator is Mr. BARKLEY. I have listened to all Army, setting up a straw man, and saying that of it, and I have read all the hearings at Mr. BARKLEY. Of course; and any because someone' wears a uniform he is which I was not present. I was present doctor who is charged by his Govern perfect, and that we must not question at most of them. ment with the responsibility of passing . a-nything he says or does. Mr. WHEELER. What I said was that upon the physical qualifications of a man I have called attention to what the it is not the fault of the local doctors, who is about to be inducted, whether the· Russian Army does. It takes men up to. but the fault lies in putting the men in doctor has on a uniform or wears civil 50 years of age. Russia has the best Class IV-F. ian clothes, is going to perform his duty fighting force in the world. I have called Mr. BARKLEY. The men put in class to the best of his ability. I dare say attention to what the British Navy does. IV-F were not necessarily put there by that even the physicians who are in the It takes men from all classes. What I local doctors who were in the locality Reserve, but who may be called upon am saying is that, in my judgment, be when the men came before the draft to examine draftees, are just as consci fore the Army takes fathers and destroys boards, but they were put in that class entious in the performance of their the homes of the United States, it ought by Army doctors, most of whom were duties as though they were in uniform. to take some of the IV -F men. I say fur taken from local, civilian practice, as we The Senator may have unwittingly ther that we ought to drive the slackers all know. done so, but it seems to me that by his out of the Government departments and Mr. WHEELER. Oh, no. The Sena illustration he left certain unfair in out of jobs in industry, where they are tor is entirely mistaken. ferences. He stated that many drafted hiding from the draft. Mr. BARKLEY. No one else could men had been sent to Missoula and ex [Manifestations of applause in the examine them. amined there. Missoula is one of the galleries. J · Mr. WHEELER. They were examined larger cities in Montana, and it is a The PRESIDING OFFICER . . Under the rules of the 7858 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 Senate, occupants of the galleries are Mr. WHEELER. I agree that some reading for the past 2 hours statements not permitted to indulge in manifesta one ·ought to get the facts; but it is not and communications from professors, tions of approval or disapproval. The my duty. It is not my duty to weed and representatives of labor organiza Chair respectfully requests that the oc them out of the Government service, or tions, and I have given names. I read cupants of the galleries respect those out of industry. That is the duty of the communications from the C. I. 0. in an rules. Government, and the Government bu aluminum factory, when the Senator was Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will reaus. not present in the Chamber. I read a the S2nator yield? Mr. BARKLEY. General Hershey statement received from workers en Mr. WHEELER. ~ yield. testified before the committee that such gaged in the automobile industry at Mr. BARKLEY. During the course of men are being weeded out every · day. Flint. I read statements from repre his remarks the Senator from Montana They are being reexamined every day. sentatives of the C. I. 0., and certainly referred to slackers in the Government I think that any Senator who makes the the C. I. 0. is not antiadministration. service. He also did so during the ex blanket charge that there are hundreds' I read a statement from the C. I. 0. at amination of the witnesses who appeared of thousands of men in' the departments Rockford, Ill. before the Military Affairs Committee. who ought to be in the Army, owes some Mr. BARKLEY. We all receive let I am just as anxious as the Senator from responsibility to the Senate. · ters. Montana could possibly be to weed out of Mr. WHEELER. I say that there are Mr. WHEELER. But these letters give the Government departments any so hundreds of thousands of men in the facts. · called slackers who are hiding behind Government service, both married and Mr. BARKLEY. I should like to desks in order to escape military service. single, who should be in the Army. say-- However, it seems to me unfair, without Many cif them have been deferred. The Mr. WHEELER. Just a moment; I designating who the slackers are, to hurl departments have no right to ask for will yield in a moment. a general charge against everyone in the their deferment, because they are notes The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does Government service because there may sential to carrying on the services of the the Senator from Montana refuse to be some. I wonder if the Senator from Government. The Senator asked me to 1 yield to the Senator from Kentucky? Montana, on his responsibility as a point out a single individual. I am not Mr. WHEELER. No; I do Iiot refuse United States Senator, is willing or able going around as a snooper to find out to yield. I will yield. in a moment. I to give the name of a single man in the such things. That is not my duty. never refuse to yield to the Senator from Government service who ought to be in That is the duty of the .heads of the Kentucky, but I should like to finish the Army instead of where he is. departments. my statement. Mr. WHEELER. Of course, I cannot The Senator and I know of one man All I am asking in the pending bill is particularize. who was deferred because of the fact he that fathers be deferred for 3 months Mr. BARKLEY. Does the. Senator was in one department drawing down so that we may investigate the charges think it is fair to say that there are $10,000 a year, while his wife was vvork which have been made by representa hundreds of thousands of such men in ing in another department. 'tives of organized labor, representative Washington? I should like to have the Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator may businessmen, representative lawyers, Civil Service Commission, the War Man know about it, but I do not know it. I and representative doctors from one end power Commission, or some other agency, do not know who the man was. of the country to the other. Many com -· conduct a census in Washington in all the Mr. WHEELER. The facts have not plaints have come from them, as well departments to find out how many -men been made public. I do not care to give as from leaders of the Catholic Church, there are of military age who could pass a his name. the Methodist Church, the Lutheran physical examin~tion and go into the Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator says he Church, and every other denomination Army. Tnere may be some, and if there does not care to give his name. in the country. are any they ought to be weeded out; Mr. WHEELER. I do not care to give Why the haste? What is the emer but I do not think it is fair to condemn names on the floor of the Senate. gency which warrants the Government all the departments in Washington as Mr. BARKLEY. I know how easy it is starting Friday to draft fathers? being honeycombed with men of that for Senators-we are all guilty of it now I invite attention to the fact that the ' type, unless the Senator can give their 1 and then-to make blanket charges pending bill was· introduced in Febru names and tell what jobs they hold. against groups of persons, but sometimes ary of this year, and not a thing was Mr. WHEELER. .Let me give certain when we do that we create the impres done about it for some time. figures from the Costello committee re sion throughout the United States that Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator from port with respect to the selective-service here in Washington the heads of various Montana did not come before the Mili status of Federal employees between the bureaus and departments deliberately tary Affairs Committee until· the 5th of ages of 18 and 37. There are 197,656 hoard men because they want to pro May. single men without children. tect them from being called into mili Mr. WHEELER. Oh, yes; I went be Mr. BARKLEY: Does the Senator tary service. However, I submit that fore the Military Affairs Committee, but know how many of those 197,656 single when we refer to them we owe it to the the .Senator asked that the bill be sent men without children have been ex country to name them. If I should back to the Military Affairs Committee. amined for military service, how many make a charge of some kind against in Mr. BARKLEY. What Senator made have been accepted, and how many have dividuals or a group of individuals I the request? been rejected? should feel that I should name at least Mr. WHEELER. The Senator from . Mr. WHEELER. No; but I do know one of them. Kentucky. · · that many of them have been deferred Mr. WHEELER. If I should name one Mr. BARKLEY. It was not reported •by the departments, because of the fact of them it would be said it was unfair for out of the Military Affairs Committee that it is said that they are considered me to name him. until July 2, 1943. necessary in the Government. Mr. BARKLEY. Instead of naming Mr. WHEELER. I was about to offer Mr. BARKLEY. That may be. Some one, the Senator blankets all of them ill the bill on the floor of the Senate as . of them have been deferred. his statement. an amendment to a bill then pending, Mr. WHEELER. I know that some of Mr. WHEELER. What the Senator is and it was referred to the Military Af them who have been deferred have wives seeking to do is to have called married fairs Committee and I consented to it working in the departments. men who are fathers of children and to being sent there. After it was referred Mr. BARKLEY. That may be; but cause children to be put into the street to the committee the committee re some one ought to get the exact informa without first requiring an investigation quested reports from the War Depart tion and give it to the Senate. to be made in various departments, and ment and the Navy Department, both of Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. calling those who are not fathers, and which sent letters to the committee. I Mr. BARKLEY. It ought not to be then drafting into the military service went before the committee in May and said that there are hundreds of thou the slackers in industry. was heard with reference to the bill. sands of them, without identifying a · If the Senator wants names and state That was the first time I appeared be single one of them. · ments, I will say to him that I have been fore the ·committee. I appeared before 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7859 the committee again, because nothing tal unless they were invited by the com DEAR Sm: We, the undersigned committee was done about the bill after the first mittee to come. The committee asked This is the Aluminum Workers of hearing. I went before the committee for a report from two Departments America. It is not an antilabor group, ·in· July, and in July the committee re namely, the Navy Department and the or an antiadministration group. This ported the bill by a vote of 11 to 3. Dur War Department-as it always does is a group from whom the administration ing all that period of time the adminis when considering legislative proposals of receives some of its chief labor support. tration and the various -departments to this character. The committee made We, the undersigned committee, duly ap which reference has been made had the its report, and when the bill was re pointed by Local Union No. 24, Aluminum matter before them. They knew it was ported the report consisted only of the Workers of America, to investigate discrim scheduled to come up for consideration, letter of the Secretary of the Navy and ination in deferments, hereby request that and they could have appeared before the the letter of the Secretary of War. They you present the following evidence before the Military Afiairs Committee -with their did not give any facts whatever on which Military Affairs Committee. generals, their admirals, and everybody the committee reported the bill. I do We have been investigating deferments for else, but they did nothing. not say that in criticism of anyone, but several months, and we find that many single Mr. BARKLEY. Will the Senator the report contained only the letters men, working in the United States Aluminum Co. plants in Bridgeport and Fairfield, includ yield? from the Secretary of War and from the ing the magnesium plant, are given defer Mr. WHEELER. I will yield in a Secretary of the Navy. ments, and married men were d:rafted. We moment. After the bill was reported Allow me to return now to the Sena have also found that men working here came nothing was done about it until th~ re tor's statement that letters and protests from other States, and were given indefinite convening of Congress following the have come from different persons. We deferments by their local boards. summer recess. A few days before all receive letters in protest of something The information we received was to the Congress reconvened I telegraphed the nearly every day. We give them consid effect that some States compel their citizens to repay the State, county, or municipality Senator from Kentuc"ky and asked hiiP eration, and, so far as I am concerned, for any relief received during depressions, etc. to reconvene the Senate in order to take I always answer them in my office. These men came to work in various defense up the bill, because I foresaw exactly Have the persons who have written to plants in Connecticut, with indefinite defer the condition which would confront us. the Senator about individuals who they ments.• and each pay day money. was sent Mr. BARKLEY. Will the Senator believe should have been inducted into home to repay the debt. Our local boards, yield? the Army instead of being rejected gone having no jurisdiction over these out-of Mr. WHEELER. , I yield. to the· local· boards and made their pro State men, could not .call them into service. Mr. BARKLEY. Since the -senator tests there? This information was given me by a member of local board 22 B. Our local men were call has referred to the history of the bill, Mr. WHEELER. Some of them· have. ed into service, and although tbey were ex allow me to say that the Senator intro- Mr. BARKLEY. Have _p.ny of them perienced men, were replaced by these men duced ·his bill in .February. - gone before the State boards and lodged with indefinite deferments, who had ·little or Mr. WHEELER. That is correct; in their protests with those bodies? They no experience. February. have a right to do so. Have they been We also found that officials of the Alumi Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator went to their State board and' called attention num Co. have sons or relations who have before the Military Affairs· Committee to the fact that, for example, some man been sent to the Fairfield and Bridgeport plants -and placed in positions that could be on the 5th of May. The committee who had been examined and rejected classi1ied as essential to the war efforts. heard him, and subsequently submitted appeared to be sufficiently strong and However, we find these men walking around a report to the Senate. robust to be in the Army? Have the with pads and p~ncils in their hands or sit Mr. WHEELER. They heard Colonel persons who have ~bjected to various ting at a typewriter. These. men are singl_e Keesling. · things which have taken place gone be and should be drafted. Mr. BARKLEY. They received letters fore the authorities in their local COJTI~ We have complained to the State selective.. from the Secretary of the Navy and the munities and lodged their protests with service board and given them many names. Secretary of War, both of whom opposed them. Or have they merely contented However, nothing is being done about it. the bilL · tLemselves with protesting to the mem The Senator asked if complaints had Mr. WHEELER. • Yes. bers of the Senate, who ha-ve no authDr been made. Here is one, and it is stated Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator again ity to act locally, who do not know· that nothing has been done about it. went before the Military Affairs Commit anything about the men involved, and We therefore condemn the practice of tee, not in a hearing, but to ask them cannot have the facts regarding their selective service in calling married men when to report the bill, and' he stated that physical qualifications, so as to enable single men and men who married since Pearl if they would do so he would not ask them to say whether they should be in Harbor were deferred. · to have the bill taken up on the :floor · or out of the Army?· It seems to me We would also recommend that Congress of the Senate until after the summer that any protest about someone in a par make it compulsory that a committee be ap ticular neighborhood being rejected pointed in each plant to work in conjunction recess. with management relative to requests for Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. should be taken before the board which deferments, and making up of replacement Mr. BARKLEY. It was understood has the responsibility of acting. schedules. · on the-part of the Senator from Mon Mr. WHEELER. If the- Senator from We would also request that all records of tana that the bill would not be taken up Kentucky had been in the Chamber and draft boards be open to the public for in had Ustened to me he would have heard ·spection. This will stop dij;crimination. until after the summer~ recess. The We also find that many nien who are single Senator telegraphed me and .asked that me call attentJm:i to a number of letters which bear- upon that subject. I will have had five or six deferments and many under the terms of the joint resolution married men are refused deferments. authorizing the summer recess I take read from one of them· again. We believe that 200 to 275 single men could steps to reconvene the Senate in order Mr. BARkLEY. I do not care to hear be taken from these plants. This does not in to take up his bilL I declined to do so, the Senator's speech again. clude marriages before Pearl Harbor. Hard for reasons which I set out in a telegram Mr. WHEELER. The Senator asked ship cases are rarely given consideration by to him. We then returned after the for it, and I want to give him the infor local boards. We have a case of James Lewis mation. Here is the letter from the- Martino, order No. 1633, local board 8 B, New recess. Practically every Member of the Haven, Conn. He is a core maker; married Senate had felt there had been no hear Mr. BARKLEY. Is the letter to which November 27, 1941. He was told by h is local ings held upon the bill commensurate the Senator is about to call attention a board that he could not appeal as he was go with the importance of the subject. part of the printed hearings? ing in October. We are contacting State Consideration of the bill was delayed so ·Mr. WHEELER. It is. I will give the selective · service headquarters for a defer the Military Affairs Committee could name of the organization writing the let ment. The U. S. Aluminum Co. has applied hear testimony. Hearings have been ter; It is 'from Local No. 24, Aluminum for a 'defermen.t and it was denied. Refusing Workers of America, Fairfield, Conn. the man the right to appeal is a violation held during the past 10 days or 2 weeks. of the Selective Service Act. So if there has been any delay in con Mr. BARKLEY. On what page of the We- have complained to General HerEhey sideration of the bill, the Army officers hearings does the letter appear? about the discrimination in deferments, and and the Navy officers are not responsible. Mr. WHEELER. On page 386. I were referred to the State selective serv:ce It was not their duty to rush to the Capi- read: board at West Hartford, Conn. We contacted 7860 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 I . this board and they promised to i-nvestigate, down to the pomt where we find out what Mr. WHEELER. Before yielding I de but nothing has been done. the facts are. sire to call attention to another state Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. Presid'ent, let me Mr. WHEELER. Oh, no, that is not ment, because it has been suggested that ask. the Senator if that is not a letter any excuse. We have an army at the no one called the facts I have mentioned written to the Senator from Montana by present time of 7,300,000 men and we can to the attention of anybody. Here is possibly send overseas, according to the another complaint from the United Auto Mr. Clifford S. Unger? mobile, Aircraft and Agriculture Imple- . Mr. WHEELER. Yes. / Army itself, more than 5,000,000 men at the end of 1944. ment Workers of America, dated Sep Mr. BARKLEY. The State selective tember 17, 1943: service boards deal with cases that have Mr. BAR.KLEY. Let me correct the come up from the local boards on appeal. Senator there. Army officers, including United States Senator BuRTON K. WHEELER, Either the man who is inducted can ap General Marshall and all the others, W shington, D. C. testified that they propose, according to DEAR SiR: We, the undersigned, a commit peal to the State selective service board tee elec:;ted by the membership of Chevrolet or the Government itself can do so. The their plans which have been worked out Local No. 659, United Automobile Workers- question I ask the Senator is whether, over a period of months, a net of 5,000,000 Congress of Industrial Organizations, to in according to this letter, this committee men in the Army overseas at the end of vestigate the rumors prevalent in the Flint had gone to the local bo~rd and pointed 1944. That means, according to their Chevrolet plants that management has ap out the individuals they thought ought testimony, that they must take over pointed mere boys-who are the sons of to be drafted and not rejected, because 5,750,000 men in order to have a net Chevrolet superin~endents and other high of to go first to the State selective service 5,000,000 at the time, because the re ficials--foremen, for the sole purpose of en placements amount to about 75 ,000 men abling them to evade being inducted into the board is to go over the head of the local armed services. draft board in each county. Therefore, a month even now, and that number will it seems to me that before resort to the increase as we become more active on the The committee was appointed for ~his State selective ·service board, either on battle fronts and as casualties increase. t:>Urpose. · appeal or otherwise, there ought to be So, in order to get a 5,000,000-man army After investigation we find that unques some effort made to bring these particu at the end of next year it will be neces tionably this has been done and that circum lar cases- to the attention of the local sary to transport five-and-three-quar stances make it appear that there may have draft boards, who are on the ground and ters million men. been collusion between certain corporations Mr. WHEELER. That is not what and the W. M. C. in this matter. who have a right to investigate every one Some time agO' Major General Hershey of them if it is brought to their attention. General Marshall said. stated publicly that the only thing that Mr. WHEELER. I will venture the Mr. BARKLEY. If the Senator will would drive the draft dodgers out of the plant assertion, without knowing· it to be true, . read the hearings he will find that that was public indignation. that the committee went to a local board was the testimony. Mr. WHEELER. I have read the testi Who said "draft dodgers"? General first, but I do not know. Hershey said it. It mony .. What General Marshall said, at Mr. BARKLEY. does not say that. A short time ago, State Director of Mr. WHEELER. It does not say that, any rate, was that we had an· army ·of Selec~ 7,300,000. I read from the statement of tive Service Pearson stated that corporations but they went to the State selective serv who had requested temporary deferment for ice board and then they took it up with General McNarney: certain employees had been given sufficient General Hershey. What more could they Senator WHEELER. Now, I did not quite time to replace them and must do so at do? understand one fi gure you gave. I may have once. , Mr. BARKLEY. In that particular misunderstood you. My understanding is A few days later management appointed case 'if they did not go to the local board that you said that you expected to send over these 22-year-old employees to foreman seas 5,000,000 by the end of 1944. ships, and almost immediately thereafter the they ought to have done so. The State General McNARNEY. That is correct. War Manpower Commission issued a list of selective service board passes upon the deferable occupations, which included fore questions that come up to them. Either Mr. BARKLEY. If the Senator will men in industry converted to war produc side then can appeal to General Hershey follow on further in the hearings--. t ion. This is what makes it appear as if under the law Congress enacted. If they _Mr. WHEELER. Wait a moment. I there may have been collusion. have gone over the head of the local am reading from the· testimony of Gen- We would like to pomt out that it is only board in regard to individuals who liv·e eral McNarney: - .necessary for a corporation to request a de ferment on Form 42a without explanation, in the county and concerning whom the Senator WHEELER. And by the end of 1943 and draft boards have no alternative, but local board could have ascertained in you expect to have in the Army 7,700,000 men. must grant deferment witpout question as formation, probably they may not have Genera_ McNARNEY. Correct. to whether or not the man in whose behalf known all the details and minutiae of Senator WHEELER. That would leave some• the request is made is entitled to deferment. bringing such matters to the attention thing like 2,700,000 men in the United States, We are confident that these co'miitions of the proper board, but it seems to me if you didn't take anyone else in the Army, also exist at Buick; A. C. Fisher, and other that any committee or any individual is by the end of 1944? Flint General Motors plants. General MCNARNEY. By the end of 1944; yve have also turned over to the local offi acting inadvisedly in overlooking the yes. cials of the Federal Bureau of Investigation local board and taking individual cases Senator WHEELER. You have 2,700,000 men evidence of gross irregularities in the use of to the s t ate board without bringing 1n the United States. manpower at a time when admittedly a them to the attention of the local board General McNARNEY. That is correct. serious manpower shortage exists, but no ac- who can investigate the facts. I do not know whaCcould be plainer. tion has been taken as yet. . Mr. WHEELER. Then what the Mr. BARKLEY. If the Senator will Hundreds of women have· been hired at Senator says is if some of the single men Chevrolet to replace men in recent mont hs, read further from the testimony yet management of Chevrolet is in the habit were deferred, and they did not go to a whether it is on that page or not I do of drafting war workers from the shops to local board but only went to the State not know-not only General McNarney, work on their private estates and conveying board, and then went to General but General Marshall himself-- them back and forth to the plant, where they Hershey, we ought immediately to hasten Mr. WHEELER. I read General Mc punch in and out, in comp~ny cars. to take fathers and break up homes be Narney's statement, and that is what he Equipment has also been removed from fore we have a general investigation and said. the plant and transported to th~ homes of check upon whether other men can be officials of Chevrolet for their private use. Mr. BARKLEY. In my own time I We would respectfully call your attention taken. That is the effect of the position shall read his answer to my question if to the fact that, because of these conditions, the Senator is taking at this time. the Senator does not want to do it.· the membersllip of Local No. 659, United Mr. BARKLEY. It is not the effect of Mr. WHEELER. I am wil ing to read Automobil.e Workers-Congress of Industrial the position I am taking. . it, but I am reading now from the state Organizations-Flint, Mich., by secret ballot, ment made by General McNarney. voted more than 2 to 1 to repeal the no Mr. WHEELER. I will let the facts strike pledge, and proceeded to set up a strike speak for themselves. Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the committee and a committee to investigate Mr. BARKLEY. I will say that if we Senator yield? draft evasion in the plant. · do not raise an army in the United States The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the A virtual state of fascism exists at Chev until all complaints have been investigat Senator from Montana yield to the Sen- rolet, and collective )Jargaining has broken . ed the war will be over before we ~ver get ator from Alabama? · down almost completely. 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE , 7861 Most of the men on this committee are who were raised in· the country under should be discfiarged from the Army, veterans of World War No. 1, and we have stand that if we train a young horse we while the father is to be taken from his tha word of several hundred veterans that they will not work longer with these draft can train him faster if we put him in a children and his wife· compelled to ·go dcdgers, and the sentiment of the rank and team with an older horse than if we put to work in a factory, as the wives are file of our local is reflected in the vote to two young horses together. doing in many instances, in order to sup repeal the no-strike pledge. Mr. WHEELER. It does not make any port thems.elves and the children, .thus We request that the Government investi difference; if we take 446,000 fathers and destroying the American home? gate conditions here without delay for the put them into the Army tomorrow, and There used to be a Federal judge in purpose of keeping Chevrolet-Flint in oper ship them overseas at the end of 1944, Montana, one of the very best judges we ation. Many of our members are being prepared we will still have 2,700,000 men left in the ever had, who used to say, "Ordinarily for induction, some of whom have as many United States. I do not think for a mo you know by the weight of the evidence as seven children. We ask that the necessary ment that the Army is going to take what the facts are, but if a man comes steps be taken to insure that the induction of these 446,000 men and ship them over in and tells .you he saw an elephant fathers be halted until these draft dodgers seas and put them into the various units, climbing a telephone pole, you do not are inducted. when they will have available men who have to believe it." When some one says Mr. BARKLEY .. Will the Senator yield have been trained for 2 or 3 years, and that men between the ages of 38 and 45, in order that I may call attention to who are still in the United States doing who have passed a physical examination, General Marshall's testimony upon the guard duty around bridges, and per could not drive trucks and do some of question of the 5,000,000 men, on page forming other work of that kind. When the "housekeeping" work, it does not 284 of the hearings? someone who happened to put on the make good sem:e, particularly in view of Mr. WHEELER. Yes, but I was read uniform a year or so ago now comes for the fact that the Russian Army, the ing General McNarney's testimony. ward and says, "We have to have these greatest fighting force in the world to men, and we cannot have anyone but day, takes such men up to 50 years, and Mr. BARKLEY. General McNarney first-class 'Combat soldiers to· do guard in view of the fact, as I stated a moment answered at another place the same work," it just does not make common, ago, that the British Army and Navy question which I propounded to General ordinary sense, and I refuse to follow both take such men, and the English Marshall; but if the Senator will permit, some statements which have been made boast that they _have the greatest navy I should like to read what General Mar merely because they are made by some in the ·world. shall said, as it is found on page 284 of Army officer, if they do not make sense. · Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the th,e record, about the middle of the page: Mr. BARKLEY. Does the Senator Senator yield? Senator BARKLEY. Would you be able to know how many bridges are being Mr. WHEELER. I yield. estimate the number above 5,000,000 that you guarded in the United States? Mr. HILL. In reference to truck will have to send over, in order to have a net ·army of 5,ooo,ooo? . Mr. WHEELER. No; but I know the drivers, some truck drivers in the Army General MARSHALL. Seven hundred and testimony was that about one-third of have to have just as much, if not more, fifty-thousand. the Army is needed for noncombat serv stamina as the men in the front line, in· Senator BARKLEY. So that you would really ice. combat duty. Truck drivers in theaters have to send over a total number of 5,750,000 . Mr. BARKLEY. · The Senator is mis- of operations ofttimes have to drive me:..., in order to have an army, a net army, . taken in that. The testimony was that hours on end, 36 hours, 40 hours, with of 5,000,000 at the end of next year? about one-third of the Army is required out rest, without sleep, perhaps without General MARSHALL. Yes, sir. for what they call housekeeping. I do food, and with but little water, over all Senator BARKLEY. And those 750,000 wou.Id have to be drawn into the Army from those not like that word, because it creates a kinds of roads, under all kinds of shell not now in, except as it would involve men misinterpretation of what the men are ing and other fire, and under all kinds · already in the Army who had been sent doing. of conditions. back? Mr. WHEELER. That is what the I did not rise to ask the Senator from General MAR!:HALL. That is correct. Army used to call it. Montana particularly with respect to S::mator BARKLEY. And you think that the Mr. BARKLEY. That includes truck truck drivers. I did have this thought shipping, the increase in our shipping facili drivers who take ammunition up to the in mind, and I wanted to ask the Sena t ies, as we understand them to be, will be front; it includes engineers who prepare tor about it. To hear the Senator's re sufficient to create the momentum from day marks one might draw the con::lusion to day or month to month that will enable r.oads and bridges; it includes everyone you to send that many men overseas? who is not actually. carrying a gun or that the Federal Government was a ref General MARSHALL. That is according to our operating _a tank or an airplane. So uge for draft doqgei·s, or an asylum for calculations. when we say that it takes a third of the slackers. Can the Senator from Mon Army to perform these other duties in tana tell us how many men now em Mr. WHEELER. That is, according to order to keep the Army moving, and we ployed in the Federal Government are his calculation that he wants to have call that housekeeping, it creates the im deferred because of their employment in 5,000,000 men overseas, but according to pression that all they are doing is sweep the Government? his own figures, he is still going to have ing and cooking. Mr. V!HEELER. I have already stated about 2,700,000 men in the United States Mr. WHEELER. I have not called it that I cannot give the figures. I have at the end of 1944. housekeeping; that is what the Army seen the figures but I do not know what Mr. BARKLEY. A large number of calls it. But the British are taking and they are. There are committees of Con them will still be in training, because have been taking men who, while per gress, however, the Costello and other they will be taken in at the end of this haps unfit for combat duty, can drive committees, who are investigating the year. trucks, and the British have been put matter. Mr. WHEELER. If they are still to be ting them into the Army. If the Brit .Mr. HILL. Will the Senator bear with in training, then there is no excuse ish Army can do. it, then there is no me a moment? whatever for taking 446,000 fathers be reason why the Army of the United Mr. WHEELER. I should like to con- for~ 1946, because we would still have States should not do it before we break tinue my speech. over a year to train them. up American homes. That is the very Mr. HILL. I think this is important. Mr. BARKLEY. We undertook, when thing for which I am contending. In Mr. WHEELER. Very well, I yield. we passed the draft law, to provide that order to be a truck driver a man does Mr. HILL. The Senator made a state- men should not be sent overseas until not have to be physically fit enougb to ment to the· effect that there were hun they had had a year's training, and that be a combat soldier, and when the Army dreds of thousands of men between 18 is what the Army has attempted to do discharges 275 ,000 men between the ages and 38 in the Government service. That when they have trained them in units. of 38 and 45, 275,000 in one crack, will may be true. I do not know. But, Mr. They have made exceptions to that rule anyone tell me they could not be used President, it should be remembered that where they have to put men in existing as truck drivers? Will anyone tell me there are some 3,000,000 men who have units... as replacements, because they can that when such men pass the highest been deferred because of physical dis train a man who goes into an old unit physical examination of the Army before ability because they have not met the more rapidly than they can train a whole they are taken in they-cannot drive physical standards of the Army and the new unit, on the same theory that we trucks and do housekeeping duty, but . Navy. Naturally, of that number of

' 7862 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 3,000,000 there are some who are in the Mr. HiLL. Will the Senator yield fur gone to work waiting on tables in the Government service. But they are not ther? city of Washington. Senators can de deferred because they are in the Govern Mr. WHEELER. No, Mr. Pr,esident. fend Government bureaus all they want ment- service. They are deferred be Mr. HILL. The Senator ought to have to, but I say that there is more waste, cause they do not meet the physical this information; I know he wants it. more extravagance of manpower in the requirements. Mr. WHEELER. Very well; I yield. various Government bureaus in Wash Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. Mr. HILL. Let me advise the Senator ington than any other place I know of. Mr. HILL. Today more than five and and the Senate of the United States, that Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the a half million men are deferred because under the provisions of the act of June Senator yield at that point? they are fathers. Naturally some of 8, 1943, introduced by t]Je oistinguished Mr. WHEELER. No, Mr. President. those five and a half million fathers are Senator from South Carolina [Mr. MAY Mr. HILL. The Senator has talked in the Government service, but they are BANK] and the distinguished Senator about the War Department. I think the not deferred because they are in the from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE], the Senate is entitled to information with Government service. They are deferred Selective Service has filed each month respect to it. because they are fathers. with the Vice President, the presiding of Mr. WHEELER. Mr: President, I am The Selective Service advises us that ficer of the Senate, and with the Speaker trying to make a speech. there are 112,399 men deferred because of the House of Representatives, the Mr: HILL. The Senator from Mon of their employment in the Government name of each person in the Government tana has quoted a young lady who is a service. Because they occupy ~sitions service deferred under the Selective stenographer in the War Department. in the Government service on this occu Service Act, the position he holds, his Let us see what the picture is in the pational basis, boards have deferred age, and the draft board which deferred War Department. Let us see what the them. Of those 112,399, 96,658 are either him. When the first list was filed, June with the Civil Aeronautics Authority, facts are. 8, 1943, it. included every mah who had Mr. WHEELER. . I refuse to yield. with the Navy Department, with the War been deferred under the Selective Serv Department, the Panama Canal, the War Mr. HILL. Will not the Senator yield ice Act because of his being employed so I may make a statement with respect Shipping Administration, or the United in the Government. Since then each States Maritime Comr(lission. The to the War Department? month ev.ery other deferment has been Mr. WHEELER. No. 96,000 ~en who are. employed . by the listed. Here is one of the. most recent Navy Department, the War Department, : Mr.. HILL. · The Senator has talked reports;· if Senator~ would like to look about .the War Department. the Sh.ipping Administration, and so at it,.containing the names, and the posi forth, include men who are in Govern 1\[r. WHEELER. I am not going to be tions of the men deferred. So there is interrupted every minute. I should like ment arsenals, who ·are today making no secret about who has been deferred. guns of all kinds. They -include men Anyone who has any question as to to proceed with my speech. who are in the shipbuilding plants. whether a person ought to have been . Mr·. BARKLEY~ Mr. President, will Not long ago I went to the navy yard deferred, what work he is doing and how the Senator permit me to ask him a at Norfolk to witness the launching of important his job is, the list is here, filed question? the battleship Alabama, one of our great with the Senate of the United States, for Mr. WHEELER. Yes. est and finest battleships. That. ship anyone to search and see. Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator from had been built by Government em Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, will Montana does not contend that the girl ployees; it was not built under contract. the Senator yield to me for an observa who spoke to him, or any other girl in A number of the men in that plant today tion? the War Department, ought to be taken are deferred just as men would be de Mr. WHEELER. I yield for a ques out of the Department and placed in the ferred in a private shipbuilding plant on tion; not for a speech. Army? the west coast. Mr. MA YBANK. I simply wish to Mr. WHEELER. ·No. Outside the Army and Navy and ship make the suggestion, which I have made Mr. BARKLEY. Does the Senator in building plants, how many are deferred? before, and I hope will be followed, that clude them when he is talking about In the many other governmental agen the names be listed as soon as possible in persons who are idle in the Government cies, 15,741 men are deferred, and of the the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I am glad departments? 15,741 who are deferred in all the other to see that only 134 persons from South Mr. WHEELER. No. As a matter of agencies of the Government, according Carolina are listed as being deferred. I fact I thought much waste would result to the estimates of the Selective Service, thin!{ the people of South Carolina are from taking into the service a great num only about 7,500 could qualify and meet entitled to know that only 134 persons ber of WAC's and \V AVES. I may be the physical requirements. from my State are deferred by reason of wrong about that. I do not think they So, Mr. President, the statement that being in Government service. are relieving as many men in the armed the Government is a haven for draft Mr. HILL. The Senator speaks of 134 forces as it was contended they would dodgers and an asylum for slackers persons from his State being deferred. when it was. urged that they be taken simply is not true. Mr. MAYBANK. Excluding those · into the service. I do not think they I could give the Senator a break-down employed in the navy yard. have relieved anyone. now, but I shall do so later in my own Mr. HILL. Excluding those employed Mr. President, I think a number of men time, of how many men are deferred in in the navy yard? in IV-F should be taken into the serv- every agency in all the departments of Mr. MAYBANK. ' Yes. Two thou . ice to drive trucks, watch bridges, and Government; all of them, including the sand one hundred and sixteen persons so on before married men who have shipyard workers and ordnance men, and from my State are employed in the navy children are taken into the service. The workers for the Civil Aeronautics Au yard. Senator from Alabama [Mr. HILL] does thority as aeronautical engineers, some Mr. WHEELER. I am glad to have not agree with me. Other Members of of whom were with General Clark at the Senator from South Carolina tell. us the Senate may .~not agree with me. Salerno. The whole number is 15,741. that so small a number of persons from They may feel that we should proceed Mr. WHEELER. The Sen a tor says his State are deferred. But I wish to to take fathers before we look into and that of the 15,000 only 7,500 could qualify. say that in my judgment one of the examine all other possibilities. They Mr. HILL. According to the Selective greatest hoarders of manpower is the may feel that before we do that we should Service; yes. ' War Department itself. A stenographer take the married men, thus breaking up Mr. WHEELER. How can the. Selec from my State, employed in the War De their homes. I say to the Senate that tive Service know that? partment, came to see me. She said its Members may not believe that the Mr. HILL. By knowing the percentage she had been in the War Department for married men should be deferred until who have qualified in the past. They 6 months and had not had to do a day's other means have been exhausted, but know that so many men have been ex work while she had been there. Not the American people do believe it. amined, and 3,000,000 have already been only that, but she told me other girls Now, let me proceed. disqualified for physical reasons. were quitting their jobs in the War De So far as my statements are con Mr. WHEELER. That is simply a partment because they were ashamed to cerned, let me say that what I have said guess upon their part. take the money; that some of them had is nothing more than what the junior 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7863 Senator from Missouri [Mr. TRUMAN] the sentiment of every patriotic citizen very much. A lot of us have a lot of energy said in his speech about the hoarding everywhere. and we'd lilte to-work hard to help win this of manpower in industries, nothing more The writer was in World War No. 1, and war, but the Army forces us to sit around when a schoolmate entering the draft sees doing nothing just trying to impress the than what Mr. Baruch himself said, his classmate· escaping same, as per ·above, enemy by quoting a certain-million-man nothing more than what was said in the it naturally makes him sore at the injustice Army. I have bad eyes which keep me out of Costello report, nothing more than what and feels like he is not getting a square combat or I might be lucky enough to go every investigating committee has re deal. This unjust rule should by all means overseas where there is action, but just be ported-identically the same thing. be abolished so that every healthy, single cause I am kept in this country I'd like to Here 1s a letter from Hiram H. Owens, boy should be made to serve his country ask very frankly why the Army is allowed to attorney and counselor at law at Bar alike. waste me and hundreds more like me. I We hope General Hershey will see the jus actually feel ·guilty when I get paid each bourville, Ky. The letter is dated Sep tice of the above. month because I know I haven't earned it; tember 16, 1943: there is no work to do. And yet the Army DEAR SENAToR: You are entirely correct in Mr. BARKLEY. Is that Dr. F. A. insists on taking fathers into the Army. your position tpat the greatest waste of man Jones? I hope you Members of Congress can figure power is in our Army. Everywhere one sees Mr. WHEELER. Yes; Dr. F. A. Jones: this thing out because us fellows can't under men in uniform loafing, coming, going-on Mr. · BARKLEY. I know him. Of stand why the Army is allowed ~o misuse and furlough. It would require 10 years to trans course, I do not know about the instance waste its manpower the way it does. We feel port and equip properly at the battle front of injustice to which he refers, but I th9. t everybody, including the Army, should the men now in service. Ask them; they cooperate in the winning of this war as will tell you how useless their time is spent. do know the members of the local draft quickly as possible. No father should be forced into the ·Army board of McCracken County, and I do Very sincerely yours for a better country. too many in now-for efficient service. We not think a finer group of men could be need more men on farms, in mines, in war found anywhere. They are men who Signed by a sergeant at a proving plants. serve their country without pay, as we ground in Illinois. It will cripple our war effort to put more all know, and as the members of all Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the . in, than leave them employed profitably. other draft boards do. I would not say Senator yield? . Here is a letter from Paducah, Ky. that draft board or any other draft board Mr. WHEELER. I yield. I do not know just where that is, but is perfect, and I would not say that draft Mr. LUCAS. I am sure that if the I have heard of it. boards have not made some mistakes, Senator will turn that letter over to the Mr. BARKLEY. That is my home just as everyone else makes mistakes, but War Department, that young fellow will town, and I am very proud of that fair I would say that board and all other draft have plenty of work to do afterward.- city. boards in the country on the whole have Mr. WHEELER. I am sure that if I Mr. WHEELER. I understand it is a done a fine job in the effort to pass upon were to turn the letter in, he would be fine city. every individual case which comes before put in the guardhouse. them under the selective-service law. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. P ·esident, will the Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I am Senator further yield? almost as proud of Paducah as the Sen Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, I said that a moment ago; but I also say that Mr. WHEELER. I yield. ator from North Carolina [Mr. REYN Mr. LUCAS. Does the sergeant say OLDS] is of Asheville. some of them are resigning. Mr; BARKLEY. Does the Senator whether he is married? Mr. WHEELER. The letter is from a Mr. WHEELER: He does not. Dr. Jones, of Paducah: know how many draft boards there are in the country? Mr. LUCAS. I wondered whether he DEAR SENATOR: We note in the dally press, Mr. WHEELER. No. was one of the 750,000 married men, who In questioning General Hershey b~fore your have wives and children, who' now are in commi~tee, you hav~ been trying to find ways Mr. BARKLEY. I think there are the Army. and means of avoiding sending fathers to the 6,500 of them. Does the Seantor know Army, which is very commendable. There is how many of them have resigned? Mr. WHEELER. I do not know a great deal of adverse comment and criticism whether he is or is not one of them; but Mr. WHEELER. I cannot tell, but I let me say that a great many of the mar in this part of the United States about Gen know I have letters saying that some eral Hershey's rule of letting many young are resigning. · ried men who already are in the Army men escape the draft, around 18 to 20, by al are young oftlcers. lowing them to go to technical schools for Mr. BARKLEY. Perhaps two or three Mr. LUCAS. Let me ask the Senator special training such as study medicine, den have resigned. how he differentiates between a father tistry, engineers, etc. In this county alone Mr. WHEELER. Two or three? Mr. who had a child 1 day before Pearl ·Har (which is an average county in population), President, I have in my files letters say bor and a father who had a child 1 day there have been around 150 to. 200 of these ing that draft boards have resigned, and stout, healthy, able-bodied single young men after Pearl Harbor. who have been sent by the Government to stating the reasons why they have re-- Mr. WHEELER. I do not know that medical schools, engineering training, etc., -signed. such a differentiation should be made. giving them free tuition, upkeep, and paying Now I want to read a letter from a I notice that the President said he did them $50 per month while they are getting soldier: not see any difference between them, and this special training, and by so doing they SEPTEMBER 15, 1943. I think possibly he is right. I do not have been exempted from the draft, escap DEAR SENATOR WHEELER: I thought you differentiate between them. Possibly no ing doing their duty toward their Govern might be interested to know that us boys in ment. We all know, and General Hershey the Army feel that the drafting of fathers is one can make such a differentiation; but should realize that by the 'time they com one of the most stupid things that has ever I fixed that date because it is the date plete this training, the war will likely be been forced upon the American people. Every which was talked about so much and was over, and they will not only escape doing single day we see manpower being squandered put in. If the Senator would vote for their duty to )heir country but get p'aid by and wasted and when the scandals of this the bill with such an amendment, I the Government and at the same time get war are uncovered, one of the biggest will be should be glad to amend it, to that ex this training free, while their neighbor boy the way the Army has thrown away man tent, in order to meet with his approval. friends are having to render real service by power at the expense of the war effort. going in to the draft. Mr. LUCAS. The point is not whether As an illustration-- Facts are wanted. There are some. the Senator from Illinois votes for the I continue to read: bill or against it. That is not the point. Then he states the name of a boy. I Mr. WHEELER. The point is that the shall-not repeat his name. We don't need fathers, in fact we don't need any more until the men we now have are Senator wants to pick out some little Further on in the letter Dr. Jones efficiently utilized. It is a national crime detail in it so that he can have some states: against our country and against the relatives excuse for voting against it. Is not that You multiply the above 150 by the 120 oi dying men for the Army to waste manpower the real reason? counties in this State and thousands of the way it is doing. By having such a huge Mr. LUCAS. The Senator from Mon counties in the United States, you-will read surplus of men in camps in this country the tana is absolutely mistaken. I ·am not ily see the number of boys in these technical Army is encouraging loafing because there is schools avoiding the draft, which will prob not even enough "made work" to keep them loo~ing for any excuses one way or the ably run around 100,000 or more. busy. I entered the Army from a farm where other. I will take my chances on what We sincerely trust you will use your in I worked from 14 to 16 hours a day; now in ever I do with respect to the vote on the fluence to have General Hershey abolish this the Army I'm lucky if I get 2 hours of work a bill and will vote according to my con unjust rule, as I feel that I am voic!ing day. And I don't mind saying that I dislike it scientious conviction, and in line with 7864 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 what I believe to be the best for my have said this repeatedly, and if the Mr. LUCAS. The only thing I am se country in the greatest crisis through Senator cannot see it, it is not my fault. riously considering in connection with which we have ever passed. We have manpower hoarding in indus all this debate, in all of its importance Mr. WHEELER. I am sure the Sena try, and we will not take for the Army and its many ramifications, is what those tor will. any men classified as IV-F. The British witnesses testified with respect to pro Mr. LUCAS. I think the Army has Navy takes great numbers of men who longing the war. That stands out pretty been right up to this time and I think would be classified as IV-F under our sys clearly in my mind. I sat there and the 'Senator from Montana has been tem. The British Army also takes many listened to them. They said that if the wrong up to this time. men whom we would classify as IV-F. time table were broken at this hour, and Mr. WHEELER. I know the Senator So does the Russian Army. The Gov the program were delayed for a period of does, but the Senator's constituents in ernment of the United States released 3 months, it would probably cost the lives Illinois may think I am right. from the Army 275,000 men between the of thousands upon thousands of addi Mr. tLUCAS. That may be true. ages of 38 and 45, after they had passed tional Amer.ican boys; and not only that, What my constituents in Illinois may the strictest physical examination. If but it would probably mean the drafting think is one thing and what the Senator the Army will take some of the men clas of additional fathers after January 1, may think is another thing. Let me say sified as IV-F, and take single men be 1944. . to the Senator and to the Senate that my tween the ages of 38 and 45, it will not Mr. WHEELER. Does the Senator own political future is of no conse need to take a single father at this time. think for one moment that the 275,000 quence, if that is what the Senator is I am not responsible for what has been men between the ages of 38 and 45, who referring to. I am attempting honestly done. I am not responsible for the passed every .physical test of the Army, as a Member of the United States Sen delay. Congress is not responsible. The and who were trained by the Army, some ate, looking far into the future, to do responsibility rests upon the adminis- of them for a year, some for 2 years, and what is best for my country. When . tration, because of the confusion and in some for a longer period, could not be General Marshall, Gimeral MeN arney, efficiency which have been charged to used to guard bridges, electric light General Hershey, Mr. Baruch, and others exist by many committees of Congress plants, the Senate Office Building, the appear before the Military Affairs Com which have investigated the situation. White House, and other places through mittee and testify as they do, I am duty The charges are made by both Demo out the country? Does the Senator bound to follow them. They testified crats and Republicans. Because of such think that they could not drive trucks, that a certain timetable must be met. inefficiency it is said that we must take and to that extent be used instead of When they tell me that if they are not fathers. I say that we should not do it, fathers, when the taldng. of fathers able to go through with this program it and must not do it, because to take would mean the breaking up of homes? may mean the prolongation of the war fathers would be to break up the homes Will the Senator answer that ques and the sacrifice of additional lives of of America. Let me r-epeat that I will tion? fine American boys-what am I to do, not consent to sending fathers overseas. Mr. LUCAS. I am frank to admit that follow those men or follow the Senator Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the I do not know anything about the con from Montana? Senator yield? dition of those men; but I am willing to Mr. WHEELER. I do not ask the Mr. VI/HEELER. I yield. make a guess, as the Senator has been Senator to follow me. I do not expect Mr. LUCAS. The Senator keeps talk doing many times this afternoon, as to him to do so. ing about breaking up homes. Of course, the possibility of using many of those Mr. LUCAS. That is a serious question that is one of the most serious things men. I dare say that many of those men with me. I ask the question in good we can contemplate. War is one of the between the ages of 38 and 45 could per faith. things that breaks up homes. The point form the duties about which the Senator Mr. WHEELER. I know the Senator is that bothers me is what General Mar is talking. There is no question about asking it in good faith. W.hen Congress shall and General McNarney testified that. But that is water over the dam. returned after its recess, the Senator said with respect to the possible prolongation We sat by here and permitted those men that he was not familiar with the facts. of the war. Those are cold, hard facts. to be released from the Army. Mr. LUCAS. I was not. Neither was No one knows whether they are right or Mr. WHEELER. What did we have the Senator familiar with the facts. He not, but for the purpose of this vote I to do with it? . did not know anything about them at must assume they are correct. Mr. LUCAS. We could have enacted that time. · Mr. WHEELER. They did not say legislation-- Mr. VJ'HEELER. In the Senator's view that they wanted fathers: Mr. WHEELER. Oh, no. I never know anything about anything. Mr. LUCAS. They said that they had Mr. LUCAS. Wait a moment, if the Mr. LUCAS. I have great respect for to meet a timetable. Senator will further yield. the Senator from Montana. I say that Mr. WHEELER. Let me say to the Mr. WHEELER. I yield. in all sincerity. I like the Sen9.tor from Senator-- Mr. LUCAS. We could have enacted Montana. He makes a persuasive argu Mr. LUCAS. They said that they had legislation providing for what the Sena ment on any question he presents, and I to meet a timetable, and they had to have tor is now attempting to do, but we did usually listen to him; but because I dis men. not do it. Neither have we done any agree with him and because I make my Mr. WHEELER. Yes; they said they thing with respect to the drafting of argument, I do not want the Senator to had to have men. They can get the .fathers. We have sat by until now, at a try to humiliate me. · men without taking fathers. The op time when an attempt is being made to Mr. WHEELER. I would not try to ponents of the bill tried to get General break. up the timetable of the American humiliate the Senator for anything in Marshall, Admiral King, and General Army, a timetable whi~h has been the world. I have not the slightest in McNarney to say that they wanted to planned by General Marshall and his tention of doing so: I have a very deep . take fathers. When General Marshall subordinates for months. affection for the Senator. was about to testify, and motion pictures Mr. WHEELER. I did not sit idly by, Mr. LUCAS. I believe the Senator has. were being made, he was asked about I introduced this bill last February. I was never more serious in my life than turning on the lights. Someone said Mr. LUCAS. This is the first time we I am now, because, God knows, I do not something to the effect that, "If you say have heard anything about it on the want to do anything to break up a home you are going to take fathers, we will floor of the Senate. and turn children into the streets. That not take any more pictures.'.' Mr. WHEELER. This is not the first is the emotional plea which the Senator Who was doing it? Why was it being time we have heard about it. The Sena has been making here all afternoon, and done? The effort was being made to get tor probably did not hear about it, but I he has repeated it a dozen times. If' my General Marshall to say that he had to made two speeches on the floor of the emotions were to control me, I would have fathers. He refused to say it. Senate on this very subject, on two dif not send anybody into the Army; but, Admiral King refused to say it and Gen ferent occasions. I appeared before the as I see it, there is something involved eral McNarney refused to say it. Military Affairs Committee twice. Now, besides emotion. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the because of the fact that the Military Af-· Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. Senator further yield? fairs Committee did not report the bill ~here is something more involved. I Mr. WHEELER. l yield. earlier, and because of the fact that the 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7865 Congress, as the Senator says, sat idly Mr. REVERCOMB. Some question The junior Senator from California by and permitted men between the ages concerning what General Marshall did [Mr. DowNEY] asked this question: of 38 and 45 to be released, and because say seems to have been raised here. Well, General Marshall, let me put it to of the fact that there is hoarding of labor Mr. WHEELER. Yes. -you this way: Do you believe, other things in industry, it is said that we must break Mr. REVERCOMB. I hope the Sen being equal, that a man who leaves behind up American homes. If that be good ator will not object to my reading from a wife and one, two, or three children, who logic, then I do not know what good logic must perhaps live on $50 or $75 a month, the printed record on that point. and perhaps go hungry doing it, and break is. Mr. WHEELER. Very well. down their former standard of living-do Mr. LUCAS. The Senator can draw Mr. REVERCOMB. I think that by you believe that that man with that worry any conclusions he desires as to my in , doing so we may put the question at rest. and burden constantly in mind about his tentions. Let me repeat what I said pre The following question was asked by me wife and children will make a good soldier? viously with respect to this very serious of General Marshall: matter. I know that today 750,000 fa What was the answer, Mr. President? Is this conclusion correct, general: That It was as.follows: thers are now in the American Army. the Army needs a number of men, and it Many homes have been broken up. Wives makes no difference to the Army whether they No; I do not believe, 1f that is the condi- and children have been left behind. I are men with children or without children; is . tion that is to be imposed, that you would know that some of the fathers have that correct? have. You would have a very unhappy sol dier with a very low state of morale, and he already made the supreme sacrifice in General Marshall's answer was as fol would not be a very effective soldier for us. Italy and the southwest Pacific in fight lows: ing for this country and the preservation I have read from General Marshall's That is correct. Our interest is that we of liberty. I am more concerned about get men of a certain physical state and a cer testimony. the preservation of the 750,000 family tain mental ability; and we are concerned at As I have said, at no time did General men who now are in the Army facing the the same time that it does not cut production. Marshall, or any ether general, or any foe than I am about the 350,000 men one else in the Army or in the Navy say about whom we are talking, who may be Then_the following question was asked: they wanted married men, but their subject to the draft. I doubt that 5 per The order in which men shall be taken from whole trend was that they preferred cent of this group will ever see any over civil life Into the armed forces through the young single men to married men. Of seas service. selective service Is a matter for determination by the War Manpower Commission? course, the whole burden of the admin Mr. WHEELER. Allow me to say to istration and the whole burden of cer the Senator-- General Marshall's answer was: tain newspapers has been to the effect ' Mr. LUCAS. If I may be allowed, I That is correct, sir. that I am disagreeing with General should like to proceed, and then I shall Marshall. I submit there is not one not say any more upon this subject. Then the following question was asked scintilla of evidence anywhere in the I have followed the evidence, and I by me: record that I have had any disagreement have attempted conscientiously to reach Then, in the final analysis, on the bill that with General Marshall upon any of his some kind of an honest conviction upon Is before the Congress today, It is a matter statements. There have been prominent the troublesome problem now b-efore the as to whether or not the Congress is going men who have stated that the Army is United States Senate. Much as I dislike to approve the plan that has been brought too large and that manpower is being .to do so, I am duty bound to follow our forth ·by tpe War Manpower CommiEsion? wasted. That is correct, i.i It not? high Army and Navy officials who say As a matter of fatt, the junior Senator that at this particular time they must General Marshall replied: from Missouri [Mr. TRUMAN], chairman have these men in order that the war I think that is correct. of the Senate Special Committee to In effort may not· be delayed or impaired. vestigate the National Defense Program, Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, let me I then asked: has said, as I recall his statement, that say that that is not the testimony. Of It Is not a question of a quarrel with the he felt that the Army was too large, ·or course, th~ witnesses did say they had to Army or a difference with the Army on its that they were wasting manpower. requisitions for men; it is more or less a have the men. question of whether the Congress will ap Other Senators have said so. I have Mr. LUCAS. They said, too, that if prove the order in which men are to be taken never at any time stated that I thought they did not get them, the war would . from civil life as laid down by the War Man the Army was too large, because I did not be prolonged. power Commission? know what the facts were. However, I Mr. WHEELER. They said they do say that it is little less than criminal, thought it might prolong the war. How General Marshall's answer to the ques in my judgment, to break up homes and ever, let me say that, after all, the ques tion was: drive the children into the streets, when tion is not whether we get the men. Yes, sir; so long as we get the men, and delinquency is on - the increase. Mr. the production of military material is not Hoover, of the F. B. I., has said that in Mr. LUCAS. The question is whether affected. getting them will shorten the war. the United States it has increased _64 Mr. WHEELER. ' Please allow me to In other words, General Marshall said percent in the last 6 months, among boys finish. Some have said they would directly in answer to those questions that and girls under 18 years of age. Clergy rather take General Marshall's word it made no difference to the Army men of every denomination in the coun than my word. The question is not one whether the men who were taken had try have said they are shocked at the as between General Marshall's word and children or did not have children, that increased delinquency which is occurring my word concerning whether we get the the question, and the sole question, .aris among the girls and boys of the country,· men. The question is whether, because ing on this bill is whether Congress shall and particularly among the girls. De of the inefficiency and stupidity, if we approve what has been taking place linquency among the young girls has in want to call it such, of those who con under the rules of the War Manpower creased to a greater extent than it has duct the program, we shall force the Commission. among the boys. Yet, Mr. President, draft boards to take married men if men Mr. WHEELER. That is correct. Al Senators seemingly disregard that de cannot be obtained from some other low me to quote further from the printed velopment, and say that because some source, as they could be if the standards hearings. In regard to the drafting of Army officer has said, "We cannot use were reduced to the level of the English fathers,' General Marshall said: men with minor defects to drive trucks," and the Russian standards. If that were As to the drafting of fathers, that is a moot and perform noncombatant duties, such done, we could get the men; and that question. It seems to me that you start otf men must not be used. It is said that could be done. It could be done tomor with very young men as a natural com we must not question the judgment of row or the next day and we could get ponent of our Army, but as to what point any general or, if you please, of any cor the men if we wanted to do so. men may actually be relieved from their re sponsibility of defense of their country--! poral, sergeant, or anyone else. How Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, will do not know what the answer is- that !s a ridiculous. the Senator yield? matter more for you gentlemen to deter Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, will Mr. WHEELER. I yield. mine than it is for me. the Senator yield there? ·'

7866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mc Senator BARKLEY. It is their job to furnish ment on this question? I think we CLELLAN in the chair). Does the Senator the type of men, physically and mentally, ought to have the other side of this issue. from Montana yield to the Senator from and I imagine in some cases morally-! don't Mr. WHEELER. I think so, but the know to what extent that cuts a figure. Senator can make the statement in his Kentucky? General MARSHALL. That is hard to deter- Mr. WHEELER. I yield. mine. . own time. I have been on my feet 4 Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator has s enator BARKLEY. At least the physical and hours, and I should like to proceed fur stated in his remarks that "they" have mental standards of the Army, after long ther and not be interrupted by a reading tried to get General Marshall and other deliberations as to what is necessary. of figures. I think I have been generous persons to say certain things. I do not General MARsHALL. Yes, sir. in yielding to questions and also in let- know to whom the Senator referred Senator BARKLEY. In order to make it the ting Senators make statements as I have when he said "they" tried to get General most efficient Army possible. proceeded. I have great respect and Marshall to say that they had to have ·General MARSHALL. Yes, sir. love for the Senator from Alabama, but the married men. Senator BARKLEY. Now, if it is true, as the I should like to have him make his state Mr. WHEELER. The Senator may Manpower Commission and the Selective ment in his own time. draw his own conclus-ion as to whom I Service have both testified here, if it is true Mr. HILL. . When the Senator says he that they cannot obtain the Army that you 1 was referring. require-and the Navy too, all of this comes o~Oves me-and I know the feeling is mu- Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator has said now through the Selective Service, except ' tual-I cannot insist on his yielding at "they" tried to get General Marshall to enlistments under 17 in the Navy, I believe this time. say that they had to have these mar and some over 38, but I suppose they are not Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, will ried men, and that "they" tried to get · large in numbers-if they have testified that the Senator yield? General McNarney to say this, and that it is impossible to obtain these men with- Mr. WHEELER. I yield, but not for ''they'' tried to get other persons to say out the drafting of 446,000 married men, a speech. that. I do not know to whom the Sena and we should say to the Selective Service, Mr. McCARRAN. The Senator knows tor referred when he said "they." and to the War Department, that you shall there will not be a speech from me. not draft that 446,000 men, so that that Mr. 'WHEELER. The Senator may would be postponed either until January, or ·Mr. WHEELER. I should like to have draw his own conclusions, they would be exempted or deferred perma- a speech from the Senator in his own Mr. BARKLEY. I suppose the Sena nently, assuming, however, that the number time. tor means the members of the commit cannot be obtaineq, according to the Man- Mr. McCARRAN. I should merely tee, or all the Senators who were at the power Commission · and S~lective Service, like to know from the Senator from Ken- committee meeting and asked questions. without these 446,000, and assuming that we tucky who propounded the question that Mr. WHEELER. I said the Senator would exempt them or defer them until he read from the record? January 1. your statement is, and your may draw his own conclusioRs. position is, that it would make necessary Mr. BARKLEY. I did. Mr. BARKLEY. Very well; I will draw such a slowing-up of your program, which Mr. McCARRAN. The Senator from my own conclusions. However, I should has been arrived at over a long period of Kentucky representiHg the administra like to point out General Marshall's con months-it would be a yery dangerous en... tion. Is that correct? Clusion, as he stated it in his testimony. terprise upon which to embark? Mr. BARKLEY. I am not saying Mr. WHEELER. Very well. I have General MARSHALL. That is my view of the whether ·I represented it or n·ot. read it. matter, sir. Not only would it J:ie dangerous Mr. WHEELER. As Democratic Mr. BARKLEY. No; the Senator read but we would immediately have to wreck units in order to meet what we consider the leader. a part of it, but not all of it. imperative demands of the next 3 months. Mr. BARKLEY. I suppose I could not · I asked General Marshall some ques be condemned if I admit that I repre- tions, as I was permitted to do by the Mr. WHEELER. Let me analyze that sent it. committee, and as I did of other wit statement. Assuming that men cannot Mr. McCARRAN. I do not think the nesses. be obtained from any other place, as- Senator could be condemned in his own Mr. WHEELER. That is true. suming this and · assuming that, of mind. · Mr. BARKLEY. I said this to General course, General Marshall, with all these Mr. BARKLEY. I hope the mere fact Mar~hall: assumptions, would say the Army would that I represent the administration here You, of course, hesitate to get into the have to take married men or it could not would not condemn me in the mind of manpower question and into the function of get the number of men it wanted. the Senator from Nevada. the Selective Service. Mr. BARKLEY. In my question I was • Mr. McCARRAN. I hope not. General Marshall all through his testi assuming that the Manpower Commis- Mr. WHEELER. Let me read from a mony emphasized the fact that he would sion and the Selective Service were tell- letter from a boy living in Fairfield, Ill., have to have this number of men, but that ing the truth. who says: if he did not obtain that number of men, 1\-:Ir. WHEELER. The Senator was as- This manpower situation seems to be giv- it would be necessary to redure not only suming that they were a hundred per- ing Congress a great deal of trouble at the the timetable of the war, but reduce the cent right, and that sonie other commis- present time. Speaking for myself and plans for the war overseas, and that to sion was a hundred percent right. thousands of men in my category, may I do so would slow up the operations, and Assuming they could not get men out of offer the following: might result in prolongation of the war industries for the draft, assuming the Approximately a year ago I was rejected by and, ultimately, the loss of more lives. facts given to me today by the c. I. 0. the Army because of a minor spinal ailment. as to conditions in factories were not Since that time I have appealed to my local That was his attitude but he insisted, board several times for another chance; but all the way through, that it was not his correct, assuming this and assuming as you know they act indirectly upon your function to run the Manpower Commis that, assuming there were not any more orders. sion or to determine where these men men to be obtained, and that the Army Yes, I'm supposed to be doing my part for should be obtained though he had to could riot get back the 270,000 men who the war effort. Some days I work a little, have them in the Army. I asked bim were let out, assuming not only that, but other days I sit around and wait for the this question: that it could not use the thousands of whistle. You, of course, hesitate to get into the men in the IV-F classification, who, ac- He is a worker in industry, manpower question and into the function of cording to the information coming from If this is helping to win the war, then r offer the Selective Service. But what you do, after one end of the country to the other; have my sincere apologies for this letter. all of your consultations, day by day, and been let out of the Army after· having r feel that somewhere there is a more im probably several times a day, as to the size, been taken in-assuming all these portant job for us. Couldn't a bill be in make-up, and character and standard of the things, of course General Marshall traduced into Congress to draft IV-F men Army, you submit your requests or requisi could only answer the question as he did. with minor physical ailments? Maybe we tions, whatever you may call them, to the · Mr. HILL. Mr. President, the Senator wouldn't be fit for combat service; but Selective Service or Manpower Commission. continues to talk about , men. couldn't we relieve some men in this country General MARSHALL. Yes, sir. 275 000 for actual combat? Fellows like myself feel S ~nator, BARKLEY. It iS their job to furnish As I understand, in the hearings he re- it is our duty and respohsibility to do all in these men. ferred .to 395,000. I wondered if the our power to help preserve the freedom and Gen€ral MARSHALL. Yes, sif. Senator would not. let me make a state- way of living that we Americans love so much. 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7867 I realize that you receive1rnany letters each the idea that we- rure the- only pehble on the Mr. HILL. The War Department and day rE·garding sach problems as t h'e one I have .beach and that when propetly trained and .the Navy Department did not oppose the discussed; that it would be utterly impossible equipped the Chinese is a bette_r fighter than Tydings amendment, which was enacted to act upon each one. the Jap. Cost plus is the most darnn.able business into law. The Selective Service drafted The letter is addressed to a Represen proposition ever perpetrated on the Amer the amendment. The Navy Department tative in Congress !rom lllinmis. ican. people. At seyeral shipbuilding plants did oppose the so-called Bankhead bill, Here is a letter from the Office of Stra on the Gulf coast of TexaS; and not. more which did n0t bee0me law, which died in tegic Services. I wish to call it to the than 175 miles of this prace are at least the House of Representaives, but tae attention of tne Senator from A.Iabama 2,500 Shelby County farmers drawing ungodly Tydings amendment, under which agri who has asked me to give names. The wages and most of them horne oh we.ek ends cultural workers are today being de writer of the Jetter says: and joke about the vast number of unnec ferred, was not opposed by either the es ~ ary men employed by these plants-the DEAR SENATOR WBEELER ·: I have been fol bigger the pay roll the more the "pluses" and Army or the Navy. On the contrary, it lowing the debate between yourself and the the more for the racketeer labor leader. As was p.uepared by the Selective Service. advocates of the bill to draft fathers. It is Baruch says, that if these plants were on Mr. WHEELER. - The Army and the best that I state here I have- no interest in contract basis and forced to organize their Navy carne here and opposed the propo whether or not. the bill is. passed or defeated manpower the manpower situation would sal before the Committee on Agriculture, since it will not ap:ect me one way or the clear up in a jiffy. other because even though l-am a father, I and General McNarney testified against am already in the Army:. Wl!lat dQes concern I now wish to quote from a letter writ it. me, however, is j;he fact that. after volunteer ten by a man who lives in New York City: Mr. HILL. Agricultural workers are ing for the- armed forces to help get rid of deferred under the Tydings amendment, our enemies, I find myself pus-hing a type I have been ernploy,ed in a secondary war plant and in said plant there was employed and the Army and the Navy did not op writer around in the Office aJt Strategic Serv pose that amendment, and the Seiective ices. about 20 refugees, all single, and well within I know· some o:ne must do this type of work, the dra-ft age. About 3 days a week a lawyer Service prepared the language of the hut why they picked on me- is something I WP.S' in the factory making out deferments amendment. will never understand. After reading my for these boys. I bad cha·rge of a certain de... Mr. WHEELER. General Hershey and typewriting you will understand what I partrnent and the boss brought in a young General McNarney appeared before the mean. To make matters worse there are man to me and said I bad to give him a job Committee on Agriculture and opposed thous-ands of young men in this Office, and as he was in the draft, and· his father was a personal friend of said boss. the· deferring of farm boys, and testified for that matter hundreds of other offices, who against the bill. are within the combat age anCil who are dis All of the work done by these young men gusted with their present assignments but could be done by older men, a better job with Mr. IDLL. Not- the Tydings amend cannot do a thing to remedy their predica a little more money, but the company could ment. ments-. .If the War Department or the Se not see it that way. Mr. WHEELER. Just a ·moment; later lectiv-e Service Board needs more men I sug Now I shall read an article concerning on, when the matter passed out of the gest they look in the Q builcting of the an incident in Spring Valley, N. Y.: committee, where there was not a single office on the letter bead. vote against it, and came onto the floor Without exaggerating there are enough Charles W. Hawk-ins, president of the First Brass-Hat Commandos in this office to replace National Bank of Spring Valley, has resigned of the Senate, the officers of the Army every warrior injured in the Sicilian cam as a member of the Ramapo Selective Servtce came here and as a compromise agreed, paign. Board in protest against drafting any fathers as I understand, t0 take the Tydings There are more defetred civilians doing unless more adequate provision is made for amendment, but they were unalterably nothing of importance than all of the other their families and until what he calls the "rat opposed to the proposal before the Com departments of the Federal Government. file" of available single men is cleared. mittee on Agriculture, and testified be P. S.-Please keep my name confidential. "If we have to take the married men, which fore that C(')mmittee against it. is indicated will be the practice," Mr. Hawkins He signs the letter, b~t asks that hfs said today, "we must- have more relief. The Mr. HILL. Their testimony before the name be kept confidential, and the Sen wife of a married man with 3 children now Committee on Agriculture was after ate can understand why. gets $82 a month and> she can't make it with January 1, and we enacted the Tydings I have here a letter f:r:om the Center having to pay the rent, food, and clothing, not amemdment the year before, at the time Chamber of Commerce·, of Center, Tex to consider illness. when we considered the drafting of 18- It is marked "Perso:r:1rul," and I shall not "The married men in the services with chil ancf I9-year-old boys. Their testimony give the name of the writer. He says: dren are constantly worrying about their was subsequent to the adoption of the families. If our people are willing to place Tydings amendment. DEAR SENATOR WHEELER: A Democrat the responsibility on a fellow citizen to select throughout life, born and reared in Texas fellow citizens- for the armed services, why Mr. WHEELER. Mr.-President, I have a member of the cftaft· board in the First not let that person determine what adequate here a telegram from Holyoke, Mass., World War and until ·recently a member of compensation should be for the families of reading as follows: the so-called Selective Service Board of married draftees with children? SEPTEMBER 21, 1943. Shelby County. Resigned more than 60 "It might cost a few dollars more but the The following article appears in tonight's days since and that resignation was due to soldiers at least would be relieved of the Holyoke Transcript, under a Springfield date the vacillating policy and incompetency at worries they are now going through which I line: Washington a-nd State- hea-dquarters at · as a banker and as a member of the draft "BPRINGFIELD DR:AFT BOARD MEMBER QUITS IN Austin. Hot air broadcasti.ng out of Wash board they are suffering." ington not understood either by the broad lmcrw PROTEST caster or the people-, causing eonfllsion and Turning to the "rat-fife" cases, Mr. Haw "SPRINGFIELD.-Jos.eph E. Kerigan, Spring unrest amongst the people and needleEs kins said it was composed mostly of single field lawyer, resigned from dtaft board No. trouble for the boards. yollng men "who put everything in the path 143 today in p:r.otest against what he termed' Am not in the habit of writing even of the draft board not to be inducted." Ele the repeated draft deferments of young un Texas Senators, yet I want to add my en-· said this file is not over large but too big. married men on the ground that they are es de>rse-rnent to your stan-cl on the induction He spoke of one man who obtained defer sential to industry of fathers into the armed fmrces. The issl!le ment as a "farmer" bemmse he bad "a few "'I feel that 1 can no longer serve in a sys is not the induction of fathers so much as fruit trees" in his yard arthougb he actually tem which permits repEated draft deferments . it is ma-king fatherless children at the most has a job in New York. He said there are a , of unmarried men in their twenties and ea,rly critical period of the child's life, second mak good many who hide behind the farmer clause· thirties while we are being forced to induct ing wholesale disruption of busin.eES, prac who are not farmers. married men and, worse still, married men tically destroying the horne front, vastly Why did we pass a la.w exempting with child.l'en,' he said in his letter of resig decreasing the source of revenue so badlly nation to Gov. Leverett Saltonstall. needed and this at the behest of Ax.my o:tncers, farmers? It is said that fathers should '''Kerigar.. said the system in effect in Mas- a majority of whom hadn't the imagination not be deferred because they halVe no . sachusetts permits employers to select single to conceive, even in partr the magnitude of organization; but we deferred farmers, men whom they desire to x:etain. This, he aircraft in wars and then even after Ger although the War Department was op-· said, has built up a situation where young many struck Poland. Again, what could tie posed to it, and the Navy Department men who never had any industrial experi us closer to Mexico, Brazil, and other South! ence 'suddenly become indispensable men, American countries than for their armies to was opposed to it. either through the desire of the employer to fi ~ht side by side with the armed :&orces of Mr. HILL. Will the Senator yield? keep hold on or by obvidus covering up by the United States? ~his war ;t1as dispelled Mr. WHEELER. I yield. influential relatlves or friends in the plant.' / 7868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 . "The picture, Behind the Rising Sun, is n·ow State, and many within my State, com youth, particularly where the education is showing ,at one of the local show houses. plaining about the drafting of fathers general in character and not tied. in closely General Marshall can select from 200 to 500 because there has not- been a check-up, to the requirements of the armed services. young men from 18 to 25 years of age_ SJlY In view of the statements with reference to evening by walking down the street on in and for that reason they are opposed to the immediate requirements of the services spection. These young men are in line trying the drafting of fathers. for manpower, I question seriously the pro to get into the theater. Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, will the priety of such a prcgra1n now. "Joseph Kerigan, as mentioned above, has Senator yield? I do not believe that the figures released the correct analysis, and, beyond a doubt, a Mr. WHEELER. I yield. by General Hershey to prove the necessity of congressional investigation would show that Mr. WALSH. I wish to say that I per drafting 446,000 fathers are convincing. The the same condition exists in every State sonally know Mr. Kerigan, whose name figures as of July 1, 1943, showed available in and city. Let us not be too hasty in upset class I, 1,566,000, and they state this would ting the family life of 475,000 additional was mentioned in the telegram the Sen result in only one-half being accepted, or young American. homes just because some ator' has just read. He is a very honor 783,000. The· total rejects in IV-F for all Army general makes such a demand." able and higll-class citizen, and a lawyer reasons, including rejects at induction, only of marked ability of the city of Spring amounts to 27 percent, and I doubt very Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi field. much that the experience of any of the in dent, will the Senator yield? In view vof the fact that the Senator is duction stations results in a 50-percent re Mr. WHEELER. I yield. presenting evidence .from members of jection. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Does the Sen draft boards, I should like to have the I list below some of the points which bear ator from Montana know anything about Senator request that the clerk read a indirectly on the subject of drafting fathers: what has become of the inventory which letter which I have received from a mem 1. A strict interpretation. of the regula is supposed to be made . all over the tions as they now stand would preclude the ber of one of the draft boards of my shifting now of fathers from nonessential country, which will not, as I understand', State which deals with the same subject civilian employment to essential work be be completed until September 30, and matter the Senator has presented. cause they could ~ot qualify under the defi under which, according to the evidence Mr. WHEELER. I shall be glad to do nition of "necessary man." If draft boards of some of the draft boards which have so. are to be lenient the regulations should so. written me about it, they are picking up Mr. President, I send to the desk the state. many men who have been improperly letter from a member of a draft board in 2. The method of reclassifying fathers classified or whose status has changed? by order numbers only, without regard to the Boston, Mass., and asl{ that it be read. degree of hardship involved, dependency, age, Mr. WHEELER. I do not know. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MuR dislocation of civilian economy, etc., is wrong. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I have a let DOCK in the chair). Without objection The varying degrees of dependency have been ter from the chairman of a voluntary the clerk will read as requested. scrapped except where utter destitution organization composed of all the draft The Chief Cieri{ read as follows: would result and a registrant could quality boards in St. Louis County, Mo., in which for III-D. Is it not desirable to take first he writes: UNIVERSAL TEXTILE CORPORATION, the father where little or no dependency exists Boston, Mass., September 23, 1943 • . before the father of a large family, the em- The 1st of this month we started an in Senator DAviD I. WALSH, . player of many people, the older fathers, ventory of the first two registrations. · That Senate Chamber, Washington, D. C. etc.? Why not use wme selectivity in con inventory is to give a complete history and DE AR SEN.ATOR: On the question of drafting sidering fathers. also in that inventory will be listed the num fathers, the issue is not that the requirements 3. We are drifting away from the original ber of children that each married man with of the armed services should be met, rather children has according to our records. aims, purposes, and set-up of the selective should fathers be drafted while so many sin service laws. More and more encroachment Tnat record will not be complete until gle men are deferred. As a member of a local September 30, if then. Instructions are to is made upon the authority of the local board from the start of selective service, I board to select. The administration was to send the original direct to Hershey at Wash would like to present my concern in the mat ington and a copy to State headquarters. have been civilian in character. Such phrases ter, and these are my own personal views and as "maintenance of the family as a unit" are In the inventory we are taking the boards not necessarily the view of the board to which are finding an opportunity for quite a few being discarded. Coercion by manpower I belong. (called "voluntary cooperation") through pick-ups of men who have probably been If, and when, the single men are inducted selective service, undermines. missed or have been classified incorrectly or who could be used with the least amount of I was prompted to write to you because in whose status lias changed or any of many dislocation to the family unit and industry, things that can occur. This all over the reading of the hearings now in progress, it then and only then should fathers be taken. seemed that the real issues were not being country with a checl{·UP of that type should I submit that you can't in consc·ience take be able to pick up quite a few men. brought out. Further, I thought that the fathers until you have exhausted the follow views of one actively engaged in the admin Mr. President, it seems to me the pic ing groups: istration of the selective-service laws might 1. The 18-year-olders who ducked into col ture we have been given here may not be furnish you with ideas no~ commonly pre lege last spring indicating that they were to sented. a correct one until that inventory has major in a science and who thereby, at the in been completed and an effort made to I trust that you are very well and with sist ence of national headquarters, gained a kindest regards. find men who are possibly not in classi deferment until July 1, 1945. Very truly yours, fication I-A who ought to be in classifi 2. The 18 to 28 single men in war industry JAMES A. WALSH. cation I-A. It seems to me no effort has who entered their present employment with been made to establish a national pool no particular qualifications for tl;le jobs they Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the of men who shopld be in class I-A, as now hold and about whom now there exists Senator yield? serious question as to both their necessity and' Mr. WHEELER. I yield. has been done in the case to which the irreplaceability. "Replacement schedules" , letter refers with respect to a . local pool have not solved this, and in reality we have Mr. HILL. I desire to read into the of men in class I-A, and we cannot know, almost double these deferments since State RECORD a telegram, at the request of the until such inventory is completed, who headquarters took this over from the local American Legion. It is as follows: boards. Include here governmental em ~· should be in class I-A. WASHINGTON, D. C., September 28, 1943. Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, I ployees. 3. The single men IV-F, psychoneurosis, Han. LISTER HILL, thank the Senator for his contribution. Senate Office Building, anxiety type, rejected at the induction sta He is entirely correct in his statement. Washington, D. C.: tion, should be utilized by the services in Mr. CLARK of ·Missouri. I may say other than combat ser.vice or released to war The American Legion at its national con that I have received similar obseryations work only, in the manner of the older men vention held at Omaha last week adopted a resolution with respect to manpower army, {rom· members of draft boards in my . being released. This group in civilian life has State who are certainly in a better posi a demoralizing effect to civilian life also, be reading as follows: tion to know the situation, being in the cause the anxiety is not too apparent. "The Chief of Staff has stated that 7,700,000 In addition to the above groups, I believe men are needed by December 31, 1913. As field, than is anyone in the War De this figure has been based upon a definite partment. the services are at fault in their educational program which in itself we believe is a good strategic plan and worked out by the experts, Mr. WHEELER. Let me say to the thing but untimely. When it becomes neces any authority who undertakes to change this Senator that I have received at least a sary to substitute fathers, p·articularly-those figure, recommended as a minimum for the hundred letters, which are now in my in their thirties for these young men, I sub plan envisaged, must assume the responsibil file, from varlous draft boards through mit that a father is called upon to pay a ity for the effect upon the plan wh ich m ay out the country, many from outside my pretty high price for the education of some result from such change." 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7869 I feel certain the Senate would want Le States, and it is administered by the Mr. BURTON. I notice that in many gion's viewpoint on this vital subject. Would States. of the larger States, such as Pennsyl appreciate your inserting our resGlution in CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. The measure is one which I think we vania, Texas, Oregon, North Dakota, and FRANCIS M. SULLIVAN, all feel should pass. The purposes of the Louisiana, by the end of August no ap Executive D irector, National Legisla joint resolution are very worthy. In ad plications whatever had been made; and tive Committee, the American dition, let me say that I think the service in such States as Ohio and New York the L egion. is being very fairly· and justly provided applications were still in small numbers. Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, be throughout the country. Is it the estimate of the Senator that cause of the interruptions which. have Mr. President, I hope that the joint there will be a sufficient amount to take occurred this afternoon, !shall need con. resolution may pass. care of the great increase which will siderably more time in order to com The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there come about as the States begin to make plete my statement with reference to objection to the request of the Senator their applications? the pending bill. I felt I probably should from Tennessee? Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, all be able to finish this afternoon; but be There being no objection, the Senate I can say is that in the opinion of those cause of the interruptions I have not proceeded to consider the joint resolu in charge of the national administra been able to do so. I promised the senior tion n for money grants to be adopted, all they occur, if North Dakota should ask drive through last'night totaled $13,300,000, wives of enlisted men in grades 4, 5, 6, and ooo. ·or . this amount individuals have for the service. boU!jht · $2,800,000,000: . This represents 56 7 would presumably be entitled to . receive The PRESIDING OFFICER. The_ them. T?is would mean, if a grant of ap percent of the- goal set for individuals. proximately $100 was made to ·each wife, joint resolution is before the Senate and Tonight my appeal is directed to individual that the program would cost at· least $30,- open to amendment. If · there be no Americans-the average American ·Citizens 000,000 more than is estimated at the ·present amendments to be proposed, the question who, as they work in sllipyards, munitions time. · is on the third reading of the · joint plants, airplane factories, on our farms, or 3. A flat grant would necessarily be made resolution. elsewhere, are makipg more money than ever without regard to individual medical need or The joint resolution (H. J. Res. 159) before. With ' an increasing amount of our the cost of care. In many cases a gi'ant available manpower going into the war effort was ordered to a third reading, read the we are unable to produce for civilian use as would not be su~~ient to cover extraqrdinary third time, and passed. much goods and services as we did before medical expenses, either for the mother or / infant such as are being provided under' the BACK THE ATTACK ARMY SHOW-AD- .th~ war. We have more mo'ney but less program today. DRESS BY HON. JAMES F. BYRNES goods. If we scramble to get more than our 4. Under such a plan of grants, th01:1gh an fair share of the available goods, our efforts Individual wife might have money with which Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, on to hold down the cost of living will fail. to purchase medical service, she still might Sunday, September 26, at the .closing Prices will rise, and the money we earn will be unable to obtain the necessary care where performance of the Back the Attack buy leEs and less of the things we really need. there is no public agency responsible for mak Army show held at the Monument Wars are won by sacrifices. Unless you are Ing services available. This would be true making some sacrifice here at home to help grounds here in Washington, Hon. James win the war you are not keeping faith with particularly in communities suffering from Byrnes, Director of War Mobilization, the impact of war and consequent shortage tho;o e brave Americans who are fighting and of personnel and medical facilities. · Under a distinguished son of South Carolina, who are making the supreme sacrifice -in the existing plan it is the responsibility of was asked to make the concluding Italy, in New Guinea, and on our far-flung State health agencies to see that care is made speech. I shall later ask that this ex battlefields. available to the wives of servicemen through cellent speech be included in the RECORD Buying bonds in itself is no sacrifice. Only the development of appropriate plans. as a part of my remarks. At this time, · when you deny to yourself every-day pleas 5. The flat grant would be available for ures and comforts in _order to buf bonds do Mr. President, I wish to say just a word you make any sacrifice. But then the sacri the wife to apply on her medical and hospital about the Back the Attack show itself. bills but there would be no assurance that fice is only momentary, because in the long the rates charged by doctor and hospital It was sponsored by a newspaper whieh run you profit by putting your money in would be within the cash grant. has been prominent in American life for War bond.s. They pay interest, and there is many years-the Washington Post. The no better investment than the bonds of your Mr. BURTON. I have a further in owner and editor of that newspaper, Mr. own Government. Purchases 'by big finan quiry: Eugene Meyer,'and the managing editor, cial institutions prove that. When the men In cases in which a State or community Mr. Alexander F. Jones, are to be greatly who manage these institutions put their has built up a special prenatal care money in bonds you know it is a good invest commended for their patriotic endeavor ment for you to make. When you really need service for young mothers, may they to bring to the attention of the people of your money you will get it back with in still make use of this governmental serv Washington and the visitors here at terest. ice at the time of the birth? least a few of the many outstanding More important, these bonds in the hands Mr. MC:KELLAR. That may be done. things the Army is doing in connection of individual Americans will serve as a Mr. BURTON. Finally, as I under with the war. 1 cushion against any shock which our na stand the joint resolution, the service It was a most enlightening show and tional life may experience as we convert from will not be available to all enlisted men, a war economy to a peace economy. exhibition.· It was not only entertain Foolish indeed is the man who when the as was provided in the previous measure. ing, but very instructive. Exhibitions sun is shining does not save money for a It will, be limited to the fourth, fifth, were given by soldiers, and their per rainy day. As never before, the sunshine sixth, and seventh grades, thereby elimi formances were exceedingly well done. of high wages and spendable income is bear nating the three higher grades, the first, Anyone not having-seen this show can ing down throughout this land. Our na second, ·and third grades. However, hardly comprehend the vast activities of tional annual income is approaching the all even a person in one of those grades who the Army in this war effort. The effec time high level of $150,000,000,000. has made application for the service and tive and material activities of the Army It is estimated that in the coming year after buying all available goods and services, w~ose application has been approved, were wen represented-great guns which and after paying all personal taxes, individ Will be permitted to continue with the can be easily transported and maneu ual Americans will have over $40,000,000,000 service. Is that correct? vered; large tanks which are none other to invest or spend. If we spend this surplus Mr. McKELLAR. The Senator is cor- than land battleships, and which can be money, bidding up prices in an effort to get rect. · moved with swiftness and effectiveness, more than .our fair share of the available LXXXIX-496 7872 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 goods, it will be impossible to b old ceiling m ent of the Navy, with the rank of rear ad Mr. BARKLEY. I ask that the Presi prices. We will mal~e black marl<;:ets. ·We miral, for a t erm of 4 years. dent be immediately notified of the con will start an inflation spiral that will im Sundry officers for promotion, for temporary firmation of these nominattons. poverish the people. service, in the Navy; The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without It is only common sense to invest a large Sundry cffi::ers for appointment and/ or objection, the President will be notified portion cf this $40,000,000,000 in War bonds promotion in the Navy; . forthwith. and hold them for the rainy day. If, when Sundry officers for promotion, for tempo the war is over, we have a business depres rary service, in the Marine Corps; and THOMAS L. GATCH-NOMINATION RE sion, the bonds will insure you against want. Sundry citizens and meritorious noncom PORTED AND CONFIRMED If-as all of us hope-good times continue, missioned officers for appointment as second the bonds can be used to purchase those lieutenants in the Marine Corps. Mr. WALSH. From the Committee on Naval Affairs, I report favorably the nom things which will malte for a h igher standard The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there of living. ination of Rear Admiral Thomas L. You cannot go wrong. You cannot lose. be no further reports of committees, the Gatch to be Judge Advocate General of You can only profit by investing every spare clerk wlll state the nominations on the the Navy, with the rank of rear ad dollar in the bonds of your Government. It Executive Calendar. miral, for a term of 4 years, and I ask is the least sacrifice a patriotic American THE NAVY unanimous consent for its present con can make to help win the war. The legislative clerk proceeded to read sideration. / EXECUTIVE SESSION sundry nominations in the Navy. In connection with the Naval Affairs Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the ·Mr. WALSH. I ask that the nomina Committee. recommendation to the Sen Senate proceed to consider executive tions in the Navy be confirmed en bloc. ate that the nomination of Thomas L. business. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Gatch to be a rear admiral and Judge Ad The motion was agreed to; and the objection, the Navy nominations are con vocate General of the Navy for a pe riod of 4 years be confirmed, I desire Senate proceeded to the consideration of firmed en bloc. executive business. to state that he is a graduate of a dis FOREIGN SERVICE tinguished law school; an attorney ad EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED The legislative clerk proceeded to mitted to practice in the courts of the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. read sundry nominations in the Foreign United States· and of the District of Co MURDOCK in the chair) laid before the Service. lumbia, and has spent many years of Senate messages from the President of Mr. BARKLEY. I ask that the nomi duty in the Office of the Judge Advocate the United States submitting sundry nations in the Foreign Service be con General of the Navy. nominations, which were referred to the firmed en bloc. Prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, appropriate committees. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without he was Assistant to the Judge Advocate (For nominations this day received, see objection, the Foreign Service nomina General of the Navy, stationed in Wash the end of Senate proceedings.) tions are confirmed en bloc. ington. Very shortly thereafter he was EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF COMMITTEES assigned to command one of the newest COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS and finest battleships in our Navy. In The following favorable reports of The legislative clerk read the nomi October 1942, while his ship was escort .nominations were submitted: nation of Joseph A. Ziemba to be col ing one of a group of carriers seeking the By Mr. KILGORE, from the Committee on lector of customs for customs collection enemy, it was attacked by · 3 waves the Judiciary: district Nc 39, with headquarters at Chi of attacking planes, dive bombers and Leslie E. Given, of West Virginia, to be United States attorney for the southern dis cago, Ill. torpedo ·bombers in large numbers. trict of West Virginia, vice Lemuel R. Via, The PRESIDING OFFICER. With When the last wave had passed, the guns term expired. out objection, the nomination is con of the battleship had 32 Jap planes to By Mr. VAN NUYS, from the Committee on firmed. their credit and the ship had suffered the Judiciary: The legislative clerk read the nomi only comparatively minor damage. J. Henry Goguen, of Massachusetts, to be nation of Martin R. Bradley to be col For his service in this battle Captain United States marshal for the district of lector of customs for customs collection Gatch was a warded the Navy Cross. Massachusetts; district No. 38, with headquarters at De-. The citation accompanying the award John J. Farrell, of Minnesota, to be United States marshal for the district of Minnesota; troit, Mich. states: and , The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without For distinguished service and for gallant James H. Patterson, of Alaska, to be United objection, the nomination is confirmed. and intrepid action in the line of his pro States marshal for division No. 3, district of The legislative clerk read the nom fession as commanding officer of a United Alaska. • ination of Bernice Pyke to be collector of States battleship during the Battle of Santa By Mr. HATCH, from the Committee on the customs for customs collection district Cruz Islands October 26, 1942. While the Judiciary: . task force to which his ship was attached was Guy T. Helvering, of Kansas, to be United No. 41, with headquarters at Cleveland, under heavy and sustained air attack, Cap States district judge for the district of Ohio. tain Gatch boldly maneuvered his ship close Kansas, vice Richard J. Hopkins, deceased. The PRESIDING OFFICER. With to a United States aircraft carrier in order to By Mr. McCARRAN, from the Committee on out objection, the nomination is con carry out more effectively his mission to assist the Judiciary: firmed. in the defense of .the carrier, and so con Harry E. Pratt, of Alaska, to be United THE MARINE CORPS tinued until he was so seriously ·wounded States district judge, division No. 4, district from the explosion of an enemy bomb as to of Alaska; and The legislative clerk read the nomi have to turn over his command. Ellen K. Razdy, of the District of Colum nation of William H. Rupertus to be bia, to be associate judge of the municipal major general in the Marine Corps for Despite his wound, Captain Gatch court for the Dist rict of Columbia. temporary service from September 28, warited another shot at the enemy, and By Mr. WILEY, from the Committee on the 1942. this was not long denied him. In the Judiciary: middle of November 1942 he fought with John J. Boyle, of Wisconsin, to be United Mr. WALSH. I ask that the nomina States attorney for the western district of tion be confirmed. his ship in the victorious night battle of Wtsconsin. The PRESIDING OFFIC.ER. With Savo Island. Here he earned the award By Mr. McFARLAND, from the Committee out objection, the nomination is con of a Gold· Star, in lieu of a second Navy on the Judiciary: firmed. Cross, for service described in the cita Frank E. Flynn, of Arizona, to be United The legislative clerk read the nomi tion as follows: States attorney for the district of Arizona, By Mr. MURDOCK, from the Committee on nation of Colonel Lemuel C. Shepherd, to For extraordinary heroism as commanding the Judiciary: be brigadier general in the Marine Corps ofiicer of a United States battleship during Charles E. Cassidy, of Hawaii, to be third for temporary service from September action against enemy Japanese forces off judge of the first circuit, circuit courts, Ter 16, 1942. Savo Island on the night of November 14-15, ritory of Hawaii, vice Harold E. Stafford, de- Mr. WALSH. I ask that the nomina- 1942. Although partially dieabled and suf ceased. . fering acute pain as a result of a previous By Mr. WALSH, from the Committee on tion be confirmed. \ wound, Captain Gatch, with bold determina Naval Affairs: , The PRESIDING OFFICER. With tion and courageous zeal, gallantly fo.ughf Rear Admiral DeWitt C. Ramsey to be Chief out objection, the nomination is con his · s~ip through a concentrated bombard of the Bureau of Aeronautics in the Depart- firmed. ment of hostile fire. His calm coolness in the 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7873 face of great danger and inspiring leadership comment briefly. on ·both Mr. Helvering · Mr. REED . . I ask ·unanimous consent contributed to the high . combat efficiency and the Kansas judgeship. that the President be immediately noti which enabled the ship to sink at least one In the first place, I want to say that I fied of the confirmation. Japanese cruiser and to assist in the destruc tion and damage of other enemy vessels. can and will vote for Mr. Helvering's con The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without firmation, and will do so gladly. Mr. objection, the President will be forthwith Among the officers and men who Helvering is not of the same political notified. lought that engagement under Captain faith as myself; he is a Democrat. But ORDER FOR RECESS Gatch was a fine young naval officer he is a high-class man in every respect, The Senate resumed the consideration whose proud father is the distinguished one for whom I have had a very high of legislative business. senior Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. regard for many years past. When he · Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. Presiqent, I un DAVIS]. was nominated to be Commissioner of derstand the senior Senator from Penn On another occasion in these Halls my Internal Revenue more than 10 years ago, sylvania [Mr. DAVIS] desires to address distinguished colleague retold the story I actively supported his confirmation be the Senate for a few moments. I ask of this great battle as told to him by his fore the Senate Finance Committee and unanimous consent that at t:qe · conclu-: son, and I take the liberty of quoting on the floor of the Senate. I said then sian of his address the Senate stand in from the account he then gave: he would make good as Internal Revenue recess unti112 o'clock noon tomorrow. What a st(arling leader this Captain Gatch. Commissioner, and he has done so. I The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MuR What a gallant captain he, Wl!o built up have no hesitation in saying that the DOCK.. in the cnair). Is there objection? Vlithin his brave crew such a profound re President could have made no better The Chair hears none, and it is so or spect, such an abiding confidence, that they choice among Kansas Democrats. in the dered. would sail willingly with him into the jaws appointment of a district judge. Now of lurking death. Such leadership as · this FIRE PREVENTION IN THE WAR PROGRAM must not go uncited and unsung. as to the judgeship situation, for a num ber of years I have consistently opposed Mr. DAVIS. Mr. President,.the Presi In consequence of his wound, Captain attempts to have an extra district judge dent of the United States has issued a Gatch is perforce again on shore, at the for Kansas, on the ground that one able proclamation designating the week be important post of·Judge Advocate Ge~- judge is sufficient to handle the cases ginning October 3, 1943, as Flre Pre eral of the Navy. · that eome under Federal jurisdiction in vention Week. In his proclaJTiation the In view of the distinguished record of Kansas. The late Judge Richard J. President points out that "this Nation's Rear Admiral Thomas L. Gatch it is an Hopkins proved that by keeping up his war program is menaced by an alarming honor for me to asl{ that the Senate sus docket in every respect. I feel confident increase in preventable fire losses." The pend its rule and confirm his nomination. that Judge Helvering will do the same President.. s proclamation reads as fol The PRESIDING OFFICER. The thing. lows: clerk will state the nomination. Therefore I want to make it plain that FIRE P REVENTION WEEK, 1943-BY THE The legislative clerk read the nomina my wholehea ted support of Mr. Hel PRESIDENT OF THE UN-ITED STATES OF tion of Rear Admiral Thomas L. Gatch vering for this high honor-an honor to AMERICA-A PROCLAMATION to be Judge Advocate' General of the which I believe his record of public serv This Nation's war program is menaced by Navy, with the rank of rear admiral, for ice· entitles him at the hands of the ad an alarming increase in preventable fire a term of 4 years. · ministration-is based in part upon the losses. Since Pearl Harbor the destructidn: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there assumption that his services on the dis caused by fire in the United States has been objection to the present consideration of trict bench will be such that there need comparable to the damage caused by all enemy bombing over England during the the nomination? The Chair hears none, be no more talk of a second Federal fi rst 2 years of the war. The loss to this and the nomination is' confirmed. judicial district in the State of Kansas. Nation is just as real as U the destruction Mr. WALSH. I ask that the President I express the hope and belief that Mr. h ad been wrought by enemy bombers over be immediately notified. ·Helvering will be confirmed by a unani America, or by saboteurs. ·The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ' mous vote. These preventable fires are being measured objection, the President will be notified Mr. President, I call attention to the in thousands of workers killed and disabled; forthwith. following excerpts from an editorial by vast destruction of critical raw materials, Mr. William Allen White in his Emporia food, and other vital supplies for our armed NOMINATION OF GUY T. HELVERING TO forces and civilian population; the ruin of BE UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE, Gazette: war plants, factories, homes, and machinery KANSAS JUDGE HELVERING in many cases for the duration of the war. The President has named as successor to Fires are bringing costly delays in the pro Mr. REED. Mr. President, some time Judge Hopkins, Guy Helvering, who, for duction and transportation of airplanes, ago the President nominated, to fill a nearly a dozen years, h as been the national ships, tanks, and guns-delays that mean a vacancy caused by the death of the collector of internal revenue. The Senate postponement of victory and the lives of sitting judge in· the district court in will quickly confirm him: It has been nearly many of our men on the fighting fronts. Kansas, Guy T. Helvering, the present a quarter of a century since Judge Hel vering Today it is · vitally necessary that we pre Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The left the law and went into . banking and 1 vent destructive fire. Every State in the nomination was referred to the Commit g1aduated into politics, and finally into public Union shares this responsibility. Every tee on the Judiciary, and a subcommittee service. Nevertheless, he was a good prose community must make an extra and thor ·cuting attorney for 4 years, and has enough ough effort to 'detect and eliminate fire haz reported the nomination unanimously, common sense and common morals to make ards. Only by this united endeavor can and the full committee has reported to a decent judge No other Democrat in Kan America guard her productive power against day favorably upon the nomination. I sas has such distinction as Guy Helvering fire and eliminate a major hazard that ask unanimous consent that the Senate and no other Democrat, on the whole, could threatens seriously to reduce supplies of war proceed to the consideration of the nomi fill the oftice with more credit to the Demo materials, food, clothing, and other essentials nation at this time. cratic Party and its traditions. required by our fighting men overseas and by The PRESIDING OFFICER. 'The In the meantime, there should be no Dem our civilians at home. The cause was never clerk will state the nomination. ocratic talk of a second judicial district in so clear; the need was never so great. this State. One district is enough. Our Now, therefore, I, Franklin D. Roosevelt, The legislative clerk read the nomina Kansas Senators, in voting to confirm Guy President of the United States of America, do tion of Guy T. Helvering to be United Helver,ing, should give full and fair notice hereby designate the week beginning October States district judge for the district of that in due and proper time they will oppose 3, 1943, as Fire Prevention Week. I earnestly Kansas. . any attempt to make another district in request the people of ' the country to take The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Kansas. unusually active measures during that week, objection to .the request made by the In the meantime, citizens of Kansas of and throughout the year, to conserve our junior Senator from Kansas? The Chair both parties should be glad that the judge human and material resources from destruc hears none, and the question is, Will the ship in Kansas did not develop into an un tion by fire. I call upon State and local necessary fight and that as wise and honest governments, the Chamber of Commerce of Senate advise and consent to this nomi a man as Guy Helvering has been appointed. the United States, the National Fire Waste nation? Council, upon· all business and labor organi Mr. CAPPER. Mr. President, before The PRESIDING OFFICER. The zations, thl( pulpit, educators, civic groups, the Senate votes to confirm the nomina question is, Will the Senate advise and the press. the radio, and the motion-picture tion of Mr. Guy T. Helvering as Federal consent to this nomination? industry to initiate programs that will vividly District J'udge for Kansas, I desire to The nomination was confrrmed. bring home to all our people the dangers of 7874 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28 fire ·and the methods of controlling tt. operating machines and handling ma mitted to exist, the danger of fire loss Further, I direct the Office of Civilian De- terials. Stocks are being c.oncentrated will likewise exis.t. " fense, the Department of Agriculture, the in areas too confined to house them Fire Prevention Week is an appro War Production Board, the protective services properly, and many plants have been ex of the War and Navy Departments, and other priate time for all Americans to enlist appropriate- Federal agencies to lend their panded so rapidly that it has been almost in the struggle against fire-tha:t sin active support and assistance to the attain impossible to provide them with ade ister and deadly enemy which has in ment of these objectives. quate fire guards. Constant care and filtrated the home front. But after the In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my vigilance on the part of worker and man battle is won, constant vigilanee must be hand and caused the seal of the United States agement are, therefore, the first requi maintained, for fire is such a foe that it · of America to be affixed. site to reducing industrial fire losses. returns again and again, whenever the Done at the city of Washington this thir To the worker, to industry, and to the tieth day of August in the year of our defenses against it are relaxed. It is Nation, the reduction ~ of industrial fire Lord, nineteen ~undred and forty-three, and up to the boys in uniform to start fires of the independence of the United States or loss is essential. It means little for a "over there" on the territory of the en America the one hundred and sixty-eighth. plant to swing rapidly into maximum emy. But it is up to us right here at FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. war production, if its facilities are later home to stamp out our appalling fire By the President: to be consumed by fire. losses, and in so doing to keep the wheels CORDELL HULL, Mr. President, there were more large of our war effort moving along at max- Secretary of State. loss industrial fires in 1942-our first imum, uninterrupted speed. · Mr. President, America's. fire losses for year at war-than in any year of our I join with the President in calling the first 6 months of 1943 amounted to history. And there were more large-loss upon every citizen in America to do his approximately $190,514,000. as against a indu~trial fires in the first 4 months of full part toward realizing these essen- total loss for the yea:r 1942 of $314,295,- the present year, 1943, than in all of 1942. . tial objectives, and toward making this 000. Fire losses are increasing, and ac While American and Allied troops rain National Fire Prevention Week a week cording to the National Fire Protection their own brand of fire on. the enemy of complete and effective fire-prevention Association, the greater part of that in abroad, American civilians have on their accomplishments. crease is taking place in the Nation's war hands another kind of fight-a fight with Let us join fo,rces with those many industries. . At the present rate, the 1943 fire on the home front. In spite of the thousands of our gallant citizens-the fire loss totar may well exceed $400,- fact that there has been remarkably fire fighters of America-who by day and 000,000. little sabotage, and in spite of the fact by night. undergo the risks of pain and These figures alone are a challenge to that our cities have been free of incen peril to protect America against the industry and labor to cooperate in the diary bombing attacks, fi:re losses in our tlllrusts of fire. Let us strive to make a observance of Fire Prevention Week. war industries have soared far beyond record contribution to the success of But these :figures alone do not begin to those of any similar period in our history. Fire Prevention Week. tell the full s.tory of the meaning of fire Fire contimues to take a .yearly toll of RECESS losses in America:. · thousands of lives and millions of dollars Even if all this loss could be repaid in worth of food and equipment on our The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under insurance, the money could not replace farms. Fire prevention i:s essential to the order previously adopted, the Sen-ate· valuable war equipment; it could not re conservation on the farm. Pointing out will now stand in recess. store the lives of workers lost in flaming that America's fire losses are on the up Thereupon rubble. National Fire Prevention Association, Much has been said about. the U -boat urges the complete cooperation of all NOMINATIONS menace, and the tragedy of cargoes of farmers in the observance of Fire Pre Executive nominations received by the munitions and foodstuffs being sent to vention Week. And as Dr. Price points Senate September 28 (legislative day of the bottom of the seas. Such supplies out, "Food burned in the barn is of no September 15}. 1943': vital to the success of the war on all help to the fighting men overseas. fronts-are just as irretrievably lost The destruction of equipment by fire UNDER SECRBTARY OF STATE when they are destroyed anywhere along reduces the Nation's food-producing ca Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., of Virginia, to the line. Food, burned in barns or in pacity," and thus delays the day of our be Under Secretary of State. warehouses; munitions, destroyed in the ultimate military victory. DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE plant, in the railway terminal, or on the Today our residential fire loss is like John W. :Bailey, Jr., of Texas, to be a For docks awaiting shipment, are a total loss wise appalling. The United States is eign s.ervice officer of class 3, a secretary in burning its homes faster than they are the Diplomatic Service, and a consul general to the United Nations. And the tragedy of the United States of America. of such fire losses-as opposed to the 'being built. In 1942, approximately losses directly traceable to enemy ac 350,000 dwelling units were constructed, APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE tion-is that the great majority of them in an all-out e:ffort to solve this Nation's UNITED STATES are preventable. acute war-housing problem. During the TO BE BRIGADIER ~ENERAL WITH RANK FROM 30 Fire protection in industry must be a. same period, 395,000 dwelling units were AUGUST 1943 cooperative effort between employees attacked by fire-many of them totally Gen. Dwig]lt David Eisenhower (lieutenant and management. Carelessness on the destroyed. The great majority of these · colonel, Infantry), Army of the United States, fires are the result of carelessness. vice Brig. Gen. Richard C. Moore, appointed part of workers in the cleaning of ma major general, Regular Army ~ The elimination of fire hazards and chfnery or jn the handling of cigarettes TO BE MkJOR GENERAL WITH RANK FROM 30 or matches or in the segregation of ma the prosecution of a vigorous home-front AUGUST 1943 war against fire destruction are the ob terials has caused many costly fires. Gen. Dwight David Eisenhower (lieutenant Management must maintain automatic jectives of Fire Prevention Week. The · colonel, Infantry), Army of the United States, sprinkler systems, fire extinguishers, and control of fire is essential to the success vice Major General William H. Wilson, retired. of the war effort in all its phases-in other fire-fighting equipment in and TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS IN THE ARMY 01' around industrial plants. Similarly, attack, in supply, in conservation, and in THE UNITED STATES management must provide structural the preservation of human lives. Such common hazards as defective TO BE LIEUTENANT GENERALS safeguards, which will help limit the de Maj. Gen. Hugh Aloysius Drum, United structive effects of fire-safeguards such heating and electrical equipment, the States Army, now invested with rank and as fire doors and fire-resistant roofs. misuse of gasoline and kerosene, careless title of lieutenant general by virtue of his Cooperation is more essential today disposal of matches and cigarettes, and assignment to command the First Army. than ever before, because certain haz the accumulation of :flame-breeding Maj. G~n. Ira Clarence Eaker (lieutenant ards, aiways incident to factories, have rubbish, present no insuperable obstacle. colonel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air been increased by war. New workers are But as long as such conditions are per- Corps), Army of the U~ited States. 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 7875 ' Maj. Gen. Barton Kyle Yount (colonel, Col. John Hamilton Hinds (lieutenant colo Col. William Howard Arnold (major, In Air Corps), Army of the United States. nel, Field Artillery), Army of the Un:i.~ed fantry), Army of the United States. States. Col. Charles Roland Glenn, Medical Corps. TO BE MAJOR GENERALS Col. John Sheridan Winn, Jr., (lieutenant Col. Garrison Holt r;>avidson (captain, Corps Brig. Gen. Harry John Collins (lieutenant colonel, Field Artillery), Army of the United of Engineers), Army of the United States. colonel, Infantry), Army of the United States. States. · Col. William Carroll Christy, Cavalry. Brig. Gen. Douglass Taft Greene (colonel, Col. Thomas Francis Bresnahan (lieuten Col. Frank Charles McConnell (major, Coast Infantry), Army of the United States. ant colonel, Infantry), Army of the United Artillery Corps), Army of the United States. Brig. Gen. Ray Edison Porter (lieutenant States. . Col. John Y. York, Jr. (lieutenant colonel, colonel, Infantry), Army of the United Col. Dale Vincent Gaffney (lieutenant colo Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Corps), States. ~el, .Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Corps), Army of the United States. .. Brig. Gen. William Elmer Lynd (lieutenant Army of the United States. Col. David Myron Schlatter (major, Air colonel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Col. Curtis Emerson LeMay (captain, Air Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air Corps), Army of the United States. Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Army of the United Brig. Gen. George Wesley Griner, Jr. (lieu Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Army States, Air Corps), Army of the United States. tenant colonel, Infantry), Army of the of the United States), Army of the United Col. Ralph Pulsifer (major, Adjutant Gen United States. States, Air Corps. eral's Dspartment), Army of the United Brig. Gen. David McCoach, Jr. (colonel, Col. Emer Yeager, Field Artillery. States. Corps of Engineers), Army of the United Col. Edward Montgomery, Chemical War Col. Donald Weldon Brann {lieutenant States. fare Service. colonel, Infantry), Army of the United States. Brig. Gen. Stephen J. Chamberlin (colonel, Col. Morris Berman (lieutenant colonel, Col. Vincent James Meloy {lieutenant colo Infantry), Army of the United States. Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Corps), nel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Corps) , Brig. Gen. Robert Walker Grow (lieutenant Army of the United States. Army of the United States. colonel, Cavalry), Army of the United States. Col. William Robert Nichols, Coast Artil Col. Mervin Eugene Gross (major, Air Brig. Gen. Shelley Uriah Marietta (colonel, lery Corps. Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air _Medical Corps), Assistant to the Surgeon Col. Edward Julius Timberlake, Jr. (cap Corps; temporary colonel, Army of the United General. tain, Air Corps; temporary major, Army of States, Air Corps), Army of the United States. Brig. Gen. John Alden Crane (colonel, Field the United States; temporary lieutenant colo Col. George Craig Stewart (major, Infan Artillery), Army of the United States. try), Army of the United States. Brig. Gen. Joseph Nicholas ·Dalton (lieu nel, Air Corps), Army of the United States, Air Corps. Col. Russell Alger ~ Osmun, Quartermaster tenant colonel, Adjutant General's Depart Corps. ment), Army of the United States. Col. Harold Rufus Jackson lieutenant colo nel, Coast Artillery Corps), Army of the Col. Herbert Slayden Clarkson, Field Artil Brig. Gen. George Fairless Lull (colonel, lery. Medical Corps), Army of the United States. United States. Col. Ralph Francis Stearley (lieutenant Col. Roland Francis Walsh, Quartermaster Brig, Gen. Stanley Eric Reinhart (lieuten Corps. ant colonel, Field Artillery), Army of the colonel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Ariny of the United States, Air Corps), Army of the Col. Francis }Jenry Lanahan, Jr. ( lieu.ten United States. ant colonel, Signal Corps), Army of the Brig. Gen. Albert Walton Kenner (colonel, United States. . Col. Albert Francis Hegenberger (lieutenant United States. Medical Corps), Army of the Unit~d States. Col. Jobn Merle Weir (lieutenant colonel, Brig. Gen. Lloyd Edmonstone Jones (colo ·colonel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Corps), Army of the United States. Judge Advocate General's Department), Army nel, J'ield Artillery), Army of the United of the United States. States. Col. Henry Anson Barber, Jr. (lieutenant colonel, Infantry); Army of the United States. Col. Julian Wallace Cunningham (lieuten Brig. Gen. Charles Paul Stivers (.lieutenant ant colonel, Cavalry), Army of the United colonel, Infantry), Army of the United Col. Leo Thomas McMahon (lieutenant colonel, Field Artillery), Army of the United States. States. Col. James Maurice Gavin (captain, Infan Brig. Gen. David Norvell Walker Grant States. Col. George Jacob Nold (lieutenant colonel, try), Army of the United States. (colon~I. Medical Corps), Army of the United Col. James Bryan Newman, Jr. (lieu States. Corps of Engineers), Army of the United States. · tenant colonel, Corps of Engineers), Army of Brig. Gen. Robert Lily Spragins (colonel, the United States. Infantry), .Army of the United States. Col. Charles Edwin Thomas, Jr. (lieutenant colonel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Army Col. Thomas Harry Ramsey (lieutenan.t Brig. Gen. James Luke Frink (colonel, colonel, Quartermaster Corps), Army of the Quartermaster Corps), Army of the United of the United States, Air Corps), Army of the United States. United States. States. Col. John Will Coffey {lieutenant colonel, Brig. Gen. Robert Hilliard Mills (colonel, Col. John Macaulay Eager, Field Artillery. Ordnance Department), Army of the United Dental ·corps), assistant to the Surgeon Col. David Marshall Ney Ross (lieutenant · States. General. colonel, Infantry), Army of the United States. Col. Paul Hyde Prentiss (lieutenant colonel, Brig. Gen. Robert LeGrow Walsh (lieuten Col. Nathaniel Alanson Burnell 2d {lieu Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Corps), ant colonel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air tenant colonel, Coast Artillery Corps), Army Army of the United States. Corps), Army of the United States. of the United States. Col. Malcolm Cummings Grow, Medical Col. George Godfrey Lundberg {lieutenant TO BE BRIGADIER GENERALS Co.rps. colonel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Col. John Trott Murray (lieutenant colonel, Col. Thomas Francis Hickey (lieutenant Corps), Army of the United States. Infantry), Army of the United States. colonel, Field Artillery), Army of the United Col. Earl Hamlin DeFord (lieutenant colo States. nel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Corps), TO BE MAJOR GENERALS Col. Stuart Cutler (lieutenant colonel, In Army of the United States. Brig. Gen. Frederick Henry Osborn, United fantry), Army of the United States. Col. David Lewis Ruffner (lieutenant colo States Army, Reserve. Col. Eric Spencer Molitor (lieutenant colo nel, Field Artillery), Army of the United Brig. Gen. Leonard Fish Wing, National nel, Field Artillery), Army of the United States. ·Guard of the United St ates. States. Col. Harold Lyman Clark {lieutenant colo PosTMASTERS . Col. Edward Barber (major, Coast Artillery nel, Aiv Corps; temporary colonel, Air Corps), Corps) , Army of the United States. · Army of the United States. The following-named persons to be post Col. Paul Edmund Burrows (lieutenant masters: Col. Raymond Whitcomb Bliss, Medical ALABAMA colonel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Corps. Corps), Army of the United States. Col. Thomas Raphael Phillips (lieutenant Stella E. Martin, Plantersville, Ala . .Ofiice Col. Hubert Ward Beyette (lieutenant colo colonel, Coast Artillery Corps), Army of the became Presidential July 1, 1943. nel, Quartermaster Corps), Army of the United States. Benjamin L. Edmonds, West Blocton, Ala., United States. in place_ of B. L. Edmonds. Incumbent's Col. Charles Morris Ankcorn (lieutenant Col. Kenneth Perry McNaughton (major, commission expired June 23, 1942. colonel, Infantry), Army of the United Air Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air States. Corps; temporary colonel, Army of the United CALIFORNIA Col. Laurence Carbee Craigie (major, Air States, Air Corps), Army of the United States. William R. McKinnon, Livermore, Calif., in Corps; temporary lieutenant colonel, Air Col. Edward Chambers Betts {lieutenant place of W. R. McKinnon. Incumbent's com Corps; temporary colonel, Army of the colonel, Judge Advocate General's Depart mission expired June 23, 1942. United States, Air Corps), Army of the ment), Army of the United States: Gertrude S. Adams, Livingston, Calif., 1n United States. Col. Otto Paul Weyland (major, Air Corps; · place of V. H. Adams, deceased. Col. Victor Vaughan Taylor (lieutenant temporary lieutenant colonel, Air Corps; tem Mayme Lea Jory, Manor, Call!. Omce be colonel, Adjutant General's Departmentf. porary colonel, Army of the United States, came Presidential July 1, 1943 . Army of the United States. Air Corps), Army of the United States. Meneva S. Latham, Palm City, Calif., In Col. Merrick Gay Estabrook, Jr. (lieutenant Col. Raleigh Raymond Hendrix (major, place of E. J. McBride, resigned. colonel, Air Corps; temporary colonel, Air Coast Artillery Corps). Army of the United Henry I. Marshall, Ross, Calif,, b.l place of Corps), Army of the United States. States. M. R. Braun, resigned. 7876 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 28

COLORADO Paul E. Byrum, Milltown, Ind., tn place of Parks Bacon, El Dorado· Springs, Mo., in place of V. D. Washington, deceased. Wesley A. Simmer, Blanca, Colo. Office be P . . E. Byrum. Incumbent's commission ex pired June 23, 1942. Lewis A. Newkirk, Everton, Mo., in place came Presidential July 1, 1943. of G. T. Barker, retired. Victor C. Baker, Fairplay, Colo., in place of Ethel Williams, Odon, Ind., in place of John Nichols, deceased. Cecil E. Schwartz, Hannibal, Mo., in place F. E. Lilley, resigned. of F. J. Schaul, deceas,?d. Roxie R. Broad, Wheat Ridge, Colo., in IOWA James R. Daily, Schell City, Mo., in place place of R. R. Broad. Incumbent's commis Gertrude Hunter, Floyd, Iowa. Office be of W. B. Maus, deceased. sion expired June 23, 1942. came Presidential July 1, 1942. Ernest C. Buehler, South St. Joseph, Mo., CONNECTICUT Lillian V. White, Manilla, Iowa, in place in place of E. C. Buehler. Incumbent's com Francis H. Whelan, Darien, Conn., in place of F. E. H. Proescholdt, resigned. mission expired June 23, 1942. of P. F. Sherran, removed. Wilbur G. Flam, New London, Iowa, in place Gorda L. Preston, Stockton, Mo., in place Arthur H. Forst, Seymour, Conn., in place of H .. E. Chichester, removed. of H. E. Church, resigned. Ella L. Klopping, Underwood, Iowa. Office of W. B. Johnson, retired. MONTANA Paul F. Cassidy, Woodbury, Conn., in place became Presidential July 1, 1942. of W. A. Mansfield, deceased. Allen S. McKenzie, Philipsburg, Mont., in KANSAS place of A. S. McKenzie. I n cumbent's com DELAWARE Regina Cannon, Beattie, \Kans., in place of mission expired June 23, 1942. Alexander P. Gallagher, New Castle, Del., J. G. O'Neil, transferred. NEBRASKA in J?lace of C. J. Dougherty, deceased. Clara Sainer, Bison, Kans., in place of Vac Joyce Hubbard, Ashby, Nebr., in place of FL:::RIDA lav Sajner, retired. Mina Short, Concordia, Kans., in place of Joyce Hubbard. Incumbent's commission ex Stanley V. Buss, Vero Beach, Fla., in piece pired June 23, 1942. of J. J. Schumann, Incumbent's commission W . H. Danenbarger, deceased. Mary E . Carpenter, Goddard, K9.ns. Office Claude J. wr;ght, Aurora, Nebr., in place expired June 23, ~942. of C. J. Wright. Incumbent's commission becam~ Presidential July 1, 1942. GEORGIA Herbert E. Walter, Kingman, Kans., in place expired June 23, 1942. Ola H. Bradbury, Bogart, Ga. Office be of A. G. Long, resigned. Alma E. Rumsey, Bancroft, Nebr., in place came Pres:dential July 1, 1943. of A. E. Rumsey. Incumbent's commission Clarence L. Persons, Eastman, qa., in place KENTUCKY expired June 23, 1942. of M. L. Burch, retired. Charles B. Cox, Benton, Ky., in place of Fred C. Buhk, Beemer, Nebr., in place ot Frances Catherine Wingate, Ellijay, Ga., in C. B. Cox. Incumbent's commission expired F . C. Buhk. Incumbent's commission ex place of W. B. James, ret.irecl. June 23, 1942. pired June 23, 1942. John Marcus Stubbs, Savannah, Ga., in Kenneth T. _Marquette, Falmouth, Ky., in Clair Grimes, Chambers, Nebr., in place place of Marion Lucas, deceased. place ·of H. L. Cummins, deceased. of Clair Grimes. Incumbent's commission Annie Lee Baker, Shannon, Ga., in place of expired June 23, 1942. LOUISIANA D. K, Houser, resigned. Ferdinand S. Bogner, Crofton, Nebr., in Eloise G. Flanders, Swainsboro, Ga., in place Gussie Long Harris, Athens, La. Office be place of E. L. Talcott, removed. of D. E. Flanders, resigned. came Presidential July 1, 1942. Inez G. Britt, Doniphan, Nebr., ln place ot Girtherine Evans Lloyd. Grambling, La. R. M. Britt, deceased. HAWAII Office became Presidential July 1, 1942. C. Arthur Scism, Edgar, Nebr., in place Francis Hughes, Lanikili, Hawaii. Office be Willie B. Killgore, Lisbon, La. Office be of C. A. Scism. Incumbent's commission came Presidential July 1, 1941. came Presidential July 1, 1943. expired June 23, 1942. IDAHO Helen W. Schneider, Elmwood, Nebr., in MAINE Lloyd R. Dyer, Worley, Idaho, in place of 0. place of H. W. Schneider. Incumbent's com Earl L. Garland, Carmel, Maine, in place of H. Hoag, retired. mission expired June 23, 1942. E. L. Garland. Incumbent's commission ex Jeptha D. Bishop, Gibbon, Nebr., in place ILLINOIS pired February 2, 1941. of I. R. L. Taylor, resigned. Mary L. BreilDEl.n, Elkhart, Ill. Office be Evangeline L. McKenney, Clinton, Maine, Charles Hynek, Humboldt, Nebr., in place came Presidential July 1, 1943. in place of A. P . Galusha, transferred. of Charles Hynek. Incumbent's commission Leonard L. Riegel, Galatia, Ill., in place of MASSACHUSETTS expired June 23, 1942. J. A. Gill. Incumbent's commission expired John J. Burns, Scotia, Nebr., in place ot May 11, 1942. James H. Monahan, Clifton, Mass., in place of L. H. Thorner, resigned. J. J. Burns. Incumbent's commission ex Emily M. Cole, Glenview, Ill., in place of pired June 23, 1942. E. M. Cole. Incumbent's commission ex Wilma L. Foster, Hamilton, Mass., in place of H. A. Daley, resigned. Eric Fredrickson, Wakefield, Nebr., in place pired May 3, 1942. of Eric Fredrickson. Incumbent's commis Anna .I!:. Sullivan, Grand Tower, Ill., irrplace BerthaS. Nelson, Raynham, Mass., in place of A. M. Lincoln, resigned. sion expired June 23, 1942. of 1'>.. E. Sullivan. Incumbent's commission Orley E. McCallum, Wauneta, Nebr., in expired June :J3, 1942. MICHIGAN place of 0. E. McCallum. Incumbent's com Paul T. Hartline, Hillsboro, Ill., in place of Ernest R . Brodeur, Cadillac, Mich., in place mission expired June 23, 1942. A. H. Bartlett, resigned. of Henry Miltner, deceased. Lenora B. Dickerson, La Fayette, Ill. Office · NEW HAMPSHIRE Harry Kramer, Holland, Mich., in place of became Presidential July 1, 1943. Charles Conrad LaLiberte, Cla'L'emont, N. H., Paul F. Lewis, Lawrenceville, Ill., in place L. J. Vanderburg, deceased. Frank W. Weilnau, Ida, Mich., in place of in place of W. P. Nolin, deceased. of H. C. Johnson, deceased. E. J. Weipert, removed. Willi'am F. Keating, Hill, N. H., in place ot Edward J. Shunick, Monmouth, Ill., in George J. Carlton, Mackinaw City, Mich., W. F. Keating. Incumbent's commission ex place of A. D. Irey, deceased. in place of Ir. M. Wheeler, removed. pired ·June 18, 1942. Bertha M. Paris, Montgomery, Ill. Office Bruce S. Trace, Royal Oak, Mich., in place NEW JERSEY became Presidential July 1, 1943. of G. H. Davis, resigned. Mary Conv~ry, Raymond, Ill., in place of Francis D. McHugh, Chatham, N. J., in Mary Convery. Incumbent•s commission ex MINNESOTA place of L. R. Ress, deceased. pired June 23, 1942. John G. Hawley, Sandstone, Minn., in place Karl D. lllexander, Cliffside Park, N. J., in Otis M. Lamar, Rosiclare, Ill., in place of of J. F. Hawley, resigned. place of J. F. O'Toole, deceased. 0. M. Lamar. Incumbent's commission ex Benjamin C. Moe, Wanamingo, Minn., in John A. Wheeler, Monmouth Beach, N. J., pired May 11, 1942. place of 0. W. Hennings, deceased. in place of J. A. Wheeler. Incumbent's com Fannie E. Smith, San Jose, Ill., in place of mission expired June 23, 1942. L. M. Cross! resigned. · ' MISSISSIPPI William J. Ledger, Stockton, N. J., in place Walter G. McEwan, Sheldon, Ill., in place Eloise G. St.ephens, Artesia, Miss. Office of A. D. Wilson, deceased. of E. M. Snow, resigned. became Presidential July 1, 1943. Ira Dezouche, Wayne City, Ill., in place of John W. Lunday, Jr., Biloxi, Miss., in place NEW MEXICO Ira Dezouche. Incumbent's commission ex of J. R. Meunier, retired. Robert F. Pi.sher, Cuba, N. Mex. Office be pired April 26, 1942. Alice R. Alexander, Lexington, Miss., in came Presidential July 1, 1943. place of M. L. Beall, removed. NEW YORK INDIANA Iowa S. Boswell, Sanatorium, Miss., in place Charles E. Hull, Columbus, Ind., in place of of Henry Boswell, removed. Frank C. Timm, Attica, N. Y., in place of C. A. Thompson, deceased. E. J . Seagert. Incumbent's commission ex Effie Abernathy, Shannon, Miss., in place pired June 2, 194:2. Flossie L. Waterstraat, Earl Park, Ind., in of R. E. Gryder, retired. place of J . J. Hartman. Incumbent's com Agnes D. Buckley, Boonville, N.Y., in place mission expired June 23, 1942.· MISSOURI of F. M. Buckley, decease:d. Closs D. Samuels, Greensburg, Ind., in W. Lloyd Wiley, Crane, Mo., in place of Mary B. Sherry, East Patchogue, N. Y. place of M. M. Carter, deceased. B. F. Carney, transferred. Office became Pl·esidential July 1, 1942. 1943 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE 7877

Alma H. Jonef:'; East Quogue, N.Y., in place TENNESSEE WISCONSIN of Isabelle Floege, resigned. Sadie P. Omohundro, Donelson, Tenn., in Arthur H. Klingbeil, Brodhead, Wis., in Jennie W. Jewell, Fishkill, N. Y., in place place of J. F. Moore, removed. plac~ of A. N. Lawton, resigned. of J. w. Jewell. Incumbent's commission Thomas D. Walker, Kerrville, Tenn., in Harold C. Krentz, Westfield, Wis., in place expired June 23, 1942. place ofT. D. Walker. Incumbent's commis of Samuel Dewar, retired. Agnes Rourke, Gansevoort, N. Y ., in place sion expired June 23, 1942. WYOMING ltf H. J . Rourke, resigned. Henry G. Simpson, Middleton, Tenn., in Samuel J. Hand, Genoa, N. Y. Office be Carl W. Hornbeck, Shoshoni, Wyo., in place place of Maurice Wilson, retired. of L. M. Blackwell, retired. came Presidential July 1, 1943. TEXAS Joseph P. Wilson, Manhasset, N.Y., in place Otto M. Naegelin, Castroville, Tex. Office of R. J. Watrous, removed. CONFIRMATIONS Milton S. Smith, Mayvipe, N.Y., in place of became Presidential July 1, 1942. Rosa A. Haynes, Eden, Tex., in place of Executive nominations confirmed by M. S. Smith. Incumbent's commission ex the Senate September 28 . Salisbury OKLAHOMA place of N. L. Heidger, resigned. Herbert S. · Bursley Harold Shantz Maude A. Cumming, Adair, Okla., in place William T. Johnson, Hardwick, Vt., in place William E. De CourcyAshley B. Sowell of J. W. Wright, transferred. of W. T. Johnson. Incumbent's commission Dudley G. Dwyre Edwin F. Stanto~ James E. Terrell, Elmore City, Okla., in expired June 23, 1942. Walter A. Foote Christian T. Steger Frank J. Donahue, Middlebury, Vt., in place place of J. E. Terrell. Incumbent's commis Waldemar J. Gallman Howard K. Travers of F. J. Donahue. Incumbent's commission sion expired February 18, 1941. George D. Hopper Fletcher Warren expired June 23, 1942. Charles A. Livengood PENNSYLVANIA Mabel R. Turner, Rupert, Vt., in place of Foreign Service officers of class 3 Florence M. Armstrong, Allenwood, Pa., in M. R. Turner. Incumbent's commission ex place of Richa:r:d Armstrong, deceased. pired June 23, 1942. Wainwright Abbott Thomas McEnelly George F. Purpur, Danville, Pa., in place Ruth A. Randall, Wells River, Vt., in place Charles A. Bay John R. Minter of H. C. VanKirk, deceased. of R. A. Randall. Incumbent's commission Hiram A. Boucher John J. Muccio expired June 23, 1942. Clarence C. Brooks Earl L. Packer Armena Blumette, Harmarville, Pa., in place George H . Butler Austin R. Preston of Michael Moroff, resigned. Ruby C. Gauthier, Wilder, Vt. Office be came Presidential July 1, 1942. Harry E. Carlson Benjamin Reath Willard K. Allison, Hickory, Pa., in place of Margaret M. Flower, Woodstock, Vt.,in place Owen L. Dawson Riggs W. K. Allison. Incumbent's commission ex Samuel H. Day Joseph C. Satter- pired June 23, 1942. of M. M. Flower. Incumbent's commission ~xpired April 20, 1942. Hocker A. Doolittle thwaite ·. Alice M. Prascsak, Indianola, Pa., in place VmGINIA ~ayette J. Flexer James T. Scott of V. M. Burrell, resigned. Raleigh A. Gibson Samuel Sokobin Chester M.- Fies, Laureldale, Pa., in place Carrie F. Patterson, Greenwood, Va., in Julian F. Harrington George Tait of E. S. Warmkessel, resigned. place ·of C. F. Patterson. Incumbent's com Frank Anderson Marshall M. Vance Mary B. Marr, Norristown, Pa., in place ot m ission expired February 2, 1942. Henry Jesse F. Van Wicket B . J. O'Rourke, deceased. Lexie M. VanDyke, Jewell Ridge, Va., in Karl deG. MacVitty place of B. P. Nearhood, resigned. Ethel C. Ufema, Slickville, Pa., in place of Foreign Service officers of class 4 J . E. Franklin, resigned. Harris Hill Gee, Meherrin, Va., in place of M. E. Gee, deceased. Charles E. Bohlen John J. Meily RHODE ISLAND WASHINGTON Russell M. Broolts Harold M. Randall Elton L. Clark, North Scituate, R. I., in John H. Bruins James W. Riddle- Jehu 0. Patterson, Pullman, Wash., in place John M. Cabot berger place of E. L. Clarlc Incumbent's commis of J. 0. Patterson. Incumbent's commission sion expired June 23, 1942. A. Bland Calder William W. Schott expired June 23, 1942. Leo J. Callanan Edward J. Sparks SOUTH CAROLINA John 0. Mills, Woodland, Wash., in place Archie W. Childs Maurice L. Stafford R ay E. Young, Due West, S. C., in place of of R. H. Mitchell, resigned. Walton C. Ferris Alan N. Steyne R. E. Young. Incumbent's commission ex WEST VIRGINIA George Gregg Fuller Harry L. Troutman pired June 23, 1942. John B. Puryear, Jr., Holden, W. Va., in W. Perry George Frederilt van den Andrew M. Blair, Rion, S. C. Office became place of J. B. Puryear, Jr. Incumbent's com Franklin C. Gowen Arend Presidential July 1, 1943. mission expired June 23, 1942. Robert Y. Jarvis J ames R. Wilkinson · William F. Griffin, Travellers Rest, S. C., in Martha J. Snyder, Shepherdstown, W. Va., Edward B. Lawson Miss Frances E. Wil• place of J. H. Colema.n, transferred. in place of W. B. Snyder, deceased. Edward P. Lawton lia 7878 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE SEPTEMBER 28 Foreign Service officers of class 5 LIVING COSTS IN ST. LOUIS, MO. Ware Adams Charles H. Heisler HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVf:S Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, on be Burt on Y. Berry Herve J. L'Heureu x half of myself and my colleagues the Lee R. Blohm John H. Madonne TUESDAy' SEPTEMBER 28, 1943 gentlemen from Missouri [Mr. PLOESER James C. H . Bon- Er ik W. Magnuson and Mr. MILLER], who, like myself, rep bright Horatio Mooers The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Daniel M. Braddock J ames K. Penfield The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera resent part of the city of St. Louis, I pre James E. Brown, J r . Edwin Schoenrich Montgomery, D. D., oifered the following sent to the House for reference to the Homer M. Byington, Horace H. Smith prayer: proper committee petitions signed by the Jr. Llewellyn E. Thomp- citizens of our city, containing 54,607 Everett F. Drumr ight son, Jr. 0 Thou who are the Lord of life, like names, urging a reduction in the cost of Elbridge Durbrow Edward T. Wailes the wise one of old, we pray for wisdom living. Peter H. A. Flood Carlos J. Warner that we may not go astray in the wilder These petitions are addressed to the Richard B. Haven Th omas C. Wasson ness of selfish ambitions. Out of the Congress of the United States asking for Foreign Service officers of class 8 gates of Thy throne flow the streams that a roll-back of prices to September 15, Theodore C. Achilles Edward P~ ge, Jr. sweeten the bitter waters of human ex 1942, as outlined in the following meas:. Garret G. Ackerson, George W. Renchard perience; help us to acquire pure hearts ures: J r . Henry E. Stebbins and contented minds. When weariness ·First. Subsidies on a differential basis Roy E. B. Bower Francis Bowden of heart threatens, strengthen us; when to cover the special burdens of small Montgomery H. Colla- Stevens petty vexations distract, refresh us with business and high-cost producers. day Lau rence W. Taylor the benediction of Thy grace. John Davies, Jr. Robert F. Woodward Second. Grade labeling. William S. F arrell James H. Wright Almighty God, we would repeat it over Third. Dollars-and-cents ceilings on Heyward G. Hill ' Lloyd D. Yates and over again that it is the unseen life all cost-of-living items at their Sep-. J. Winsor Ives which is real and eternal, that which is tember 15, 1942, level. Robert G. McGregor, seen is temporal. 0 consider our hopes, Fourth. Continued rent control. Jr. our yearning spirits, our unspoken pray Fifth. A strong Office of Price Admin Foreign Service officers of class 7 ers and our quivering faith which so istration-staifed with loyal supporters Hector C. Adam, Jr. Donal F. McGonigal often in silence and loneliness look up to of price control, given adequate funds William K. Ailsh ie J . Grah am P arsons Thee too sacred for speech. Be not for enforcement, with full power to en E. Tomlin Bailey Marselis C. Parsons, blind' to the virtues and graces which live force ceilings and to compel delivery of Russell W. Benton Jr. in many a human breast, not set on supplies by the food processors. Roswell C. Beverst ock John C. Pool selfish ends. As Thou dost look . down An organization which is known as the Glen W. Bruner George F. Scherer upon the martyrdom of man, bearing the United Labor Committee of Greater St. Richard W .. Byrd William P. Snow whips and scorns in pain and in sorrow, Glion Curtis, Jr. ('arl W . Strom Louis, representing the A. F. of L., the Andrew B : Fost er Earle C. Taylor 0 let the burning truth steady all souls C. I. 0., the railroad brotherhoods, and Owen W. Gaines T. Eliot Weil · that brutal force and power cannot sur other unions in cooperating with other Norris S. Hase!ton Iva n B. White vive. They that mourn are blessed and citizens and organizations, circulated the Douglas MacArthur 2d Arthur R. Williams Thy comfort and triumph are reserved petitions and secured the signatures. By Elbert G. Mathews for ~hem; the peacemakers shall yet see no means are all the signers of the peti Foreign Service officers of class 8 the children of God destined to inherit tions members of labor organizations. William Belton Robert Grinnell the earth. In the name of the Prince of Thousands of the signers are house Lampton Berry Theodore J. Hadraba Peace. Amen. wives. Volunteer workers set up booths William 0. Boswell Robert F. Hale in the neighborhood shopping areas call Charles R. Burrows P arker T. Hart The Journal of the proceedings of yes Robert T.-Cowan Franklin Hawley terday was read and approved. ing those who passed to the attention of Martin J. Hillenbrand the petitions, the purpose of preparing Leon L. Cowles MESSAGE FROM THE :£~RESIDENT H. Francis Cunning- J ohn Evarts Horner them, and urging signatures provided ham, Jr. Outerbridge Horsey A message in writing from the Presi the citizen was in favor of the eifort. Philip M. Davenport Hungerford B. Howard dent of the United States was communi It fairly represents the opinion of the Richard H. Davis . William L. Krieg cated to the House by Mr. Miller, one citizens of St. Louis, especially those Arthur B. Emmons 3d Carl F. Norden of his secretaries. whose earnings place them in what we Vernon L. Fluh arty R. Kenneth Oakley Fult on Freeman Robert W . Rinden REPRESENTATIVE-ELECT ERRETT P. commonly call the lower brackets. A. David Fritzlan George Lybrook West, SCRIVNER It is admitted that there has been R alph C. Getsinger Jr. some increase in wages but for a long The SPEAKER. The Chair lays be time few increases have been made while John Goodyear . Randolph A. Kidder fore the House a communication from IN THE NAVY the cost of living has steadily increased. the Clerk of the House. I am not talking now about luxuries but JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL The Clerk read as follows: the necessities of life-food, clothing, Rear Admiral Thomas L. Gatch to be · SEPTEMBER 28, 1943. Judge Advocat e General of the Navy, with medicine, and so forth. I feel confident The honorable the SPEAKER, the rank of r ear admiral, for a term of 4 if the cost of living could be put back House of Representatives. to September 15, 1942, there would be years. SIR: The certificate of election in due foriQ APPOINTMENTS FOR TEMPORARY SERVICE IN THE of law of Hon. ERRETT P. SCRIVNER as a Rep practically no demands for increase in NAVY resentative-elect to the Seventy-eighth Con wages, but when the wage earner finds Rear admiral gr e$s from the Second Congressional District that his weekly earnings are not suf Roscoe E. Schuirmann to be rear admiral of Kansas, to fill a vacancy in that tlistrict, ficient to properly care for his family, in the Navy for temporary service to rank is on file in this office. naturally there is -dissension. We do not from May 16, 1942 Very truly yours, want black markets nor do we want the To be commodores in the Navy, for temporary SOUTH TRIMBLE, people of this· country bidding for such · service Clerk of the House of Representatives. commodities as are available. Edward J. Moran Edward J. Foy SWEARING IN OF A MEMBER I have never been enthusiastic about Henry S. Kendall Fr ederick G. Reinicke Representative-elect ERRETT P. SCRIV subsidies, but if subsidies are necessary Giles E. Short William A. Sullivan in order to maintain the standard ofJiv Leslie E. Gehr es Andrew F. Carter NER appeared at the bar of the House and took the oath of office. ing to which our citizens are accustomed, Thomas S. Combs then serious consideration should be IN THE MARINE CORPS ADJOURNMENT OVER given to the efforts of those administer TEMPORARY SERVICE Mr. McCoRMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask ing the various laws who advocate sub Brig. Gen. William H . Rupertus to be unanimous consent that when the House sidies. m ajor general in the Marine Corps for tem adjourns today, it adjourn to meet on 'l'he Office of Price Administration has porary service from September 28, 1942. Col. Lemuel C. Shepherd to be brigadier Thursday next. been giving attenion to a program fpr general in the Marine Corps for temporary The SPEAKER. Is there objection? rolling the cost of living back nearly '6 service from September 16,.1942. There was no objection. percent, or to that which prevailed Sep-

Senate Investigating Mat­ SENATE Ohio; Ters Pertaining .To the Conduct of the S

Senate Investigating Mat SENATE Ohio; Ters Pertaining .To the Conduct of the S