DOCSLIB.ORG

Ukraine from Chernobyl’ to Sovereignty

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ukraine from Chernobyl’ to Sovereignty Edited by Roman Solchanyk Ukraine From Chernobyl’ to Sovereignty A Collection of Interviews Foreword by Norman Stone ‘In this collection of interviews, Ukrainian voices can now speak hopefully about their present and future. These voices include tones which, in the past, might have been discordant. There is now, however, a good chance that people in Ukraine, whether of Ukrainian, Russian, Jewish, or other origin, will have a state they can call their own — Norman Stone Ukraine, a country of 52 million people that became independent in 1991, plays a key role in the rapidly changing political situation in Eastern Europe. Often referred to as the ‘reservation of stagnation’ during the early stages of perestroika , Ukraine has emerged as a forceful advocate of state sovereignty and one of the main exponents of political and economic reform among the republics of the former USSR. Asserting their national, cultural and political rights at home, Ukrainians are determined to play a more visible role in the international arena as well. A crucial turning-point was the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl’, which became a national issue capable of mobilizing vast numbers of people irrespective of their political, social or ethnic ties. The popular movement ‘Rukh’ united democratic reform- ers of various nationalities in the struggle against conservative forces intent on salvag- ing the remnants of a decaying system. The central issues in this process of transform- ation are reflected in this collection of interviews with leading political, cultural and scientific figures who have made significant contributions to these changes. For a note on the editor, please see the back flap Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from University of Alberta Libraries https://archive.org/details/ukrainefromchernOOsolc 01C< rese me: iscc han Ikrc /ill Jkr; >eca n th last res< tag is a ind ind he :ulti ire ;he A. c disj nati nur pol mo ers aga ing cer ati( int< sci cot Fo UKRAINE: FROM CHERNOBYL’ TO SOVEREIGNTY Also by Roman Solchanyk UKRAINE UNDER PERESTROIKA: Politics, Religion and the National Question Ukraine: From Chernobyl to Sovereignty A Collection of Interviews Edited by Roman Solchanyk RFE/RL Research Institute, Munich Foreword by Norman Stone Professor of Modern History Oxford University Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press University of Alberta © RFE/RL, Inc. 1992 Foreword © Norman Stone 1992 Published 1992 by Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E8 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Ukraine, from Chernobyl’ to sovereignty ISBN 0-920862-82-9 1. Ukraine—Politics and government— 1945— I. Sol’chanyk, Roman. DK508.84.U47 1992 947’.71085’4 C92-091151-X All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed in Great Britain by Billing and Sons Ltd, Worcester Contents Foreword by Norman Stone vii Preface xi Introduction xiii 1 Vechimii Kyiv, the Voice of Perestroika in Ukraine: An Interview with Vitalii Karpenko 1 2 The Beginnings of “Rukh”: An Interview with Pavlo Movchan 7 3 Little Russianism and the Ukrainian-Russian Relationship: An Interview with Mykola Ryabchuk 19 4 Language, Culture, and the Search for a Ukrainian Hero: An Interview with Yurii Pokal’chuk 31 5 The Current Situation in Ukraine: A Discussion with “Rukh” Chairman Ivan Drach 40 6 Ukraine and Poland: An Interview with Adam Michnik 57 7 The Democratization Process in Ukraine: An Interview with Anatolii Pohribnyi 67 8 Filling in the “Blank Spots” in Ukrainian History: An Interview with Stanislav Kul’chyts’kyi 81 9 Ferment in Western Ukraine: An Interview with Rostyslav Bratun’ 95 10 Roman Szporluk and Valerii Tishkov Talk about the National Question 105 11 Inside Ukrainian Politics: An Interview with Dmytro Pavlychko 117 v VI Contents 12 Ukraine, Russia, and the National Question: An Interview with Aleksandr Tsipko 127 13 An Insider’s View of Chernobyl’: An Interview with Yurii Risovannyi 139 14 The Communist Party and the Political Situation in Ukraine: An Interview with Stanislav Hurenko 150 15 Ukrainian-Jewish Relations: An Interview with Oleksandr Burakovs’ kyi 160 Name Index 170 — Foreword “The Estonian people has been cultivating its existence on the shores of the Baltic for the past two thousand years,” ran one of the historic documents of communism. It came out in September, 1988; and it amounted to a statement ofindependence—technically, “sovereignty” by the one and a half million inhabitants of Estonia, the smallest of the republics that make, or made, up the USSR. This tiny pebble, in slipping,was the first sign of what has become a landslide. Now, three years later, Moscow itself has crumbled too: with the election of Boris El’tsin as President of the Russian Republic, a new Union treaty for the whole of the Soviet Union has been drafted. The place will no longer be called “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics” but "Union cf Soviet Sovereign Republics”; it will be a confederation, not a centralized state as before. Even then, a great many people in many of the republics want more: they want formal independence, in some cases membership in the Common Market. In all this, the Ukraine plays a key, in many ways the key, part. It is the second largest republic, its boundaries stretching from the Polish border in the west to the northeastern shores of the Black Sea. Its population, over fifty million, makes it one of the largest European states; and it is also naturally very rich, its soil and climate making it Europe’s breadbasket and its minerals—coal, preeminently in the Donets Basin; oil; rare and very valuable metals, essential for enriching sophisticated steel—making it an all-important source for the things that ultramodern economies need. Its people, though historically divided, have their own language: Ukrainian is quite distinct from Russian, although, as with the Scandinavian tongues (Finnish apart), if you can read the one, you can make out the other. There is a sizable Russian minority, and the great cities, L’viv in the west apart, are in majority Russian-speaking: Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa. Ukrainians will tell you (and they are probably right) that the populations there would revert to speaking Ukrainian if they were allowed to; but in the past the emphasis was all on Russian, and you were penalized if you used Ukrainian, or even protested. Time was, quite recently, when typewriters did not sport the three distinctive Ukrainian letters. But there are other minorities. The Crimea is formally part of the Ukraine, and it contains not only Russians but also Tatars, once the majority of its population. There are Romanians, even Greeks; there are Poles—by one account, vii Vlll Foreword over half a million. And there are Jews, though no one knows quite how many. The question is: will this vast and variegated mass become not “the Ukraine”-—a term that really means “the edges”—but “Ukraine,” a new state within the European community? If this were to happen, then Russia itself—much of the country subarctic—would become, in Alain Besan$on’s phrase, not a USA, but a Canada. Many Russians on the democratic side might not object: after all, Russians have suffered as much as, and maybe more than, their own subjects in the effort to maintain an empire. Events are now moving so fast that some kind of division of the old USSR could easily happen quite soon. Who, after all, would have thought, three years ago, that we could quite seriously be talking about Ukrainian independence? For a very long time, that matter was purely speculative. Nationalism is in any case rather difficult to discuss: you can fall, all too easily, into a mixture of lists and poetry. In the Brezhnevite USSR, with media so tightly controlled, evidence for the growth of national feeling was very slight indeed. Brave dissidents, a handful, surfaced and suffered, as Vyacheslav Chornovil and Levko Lukyanenko did in the Ukraine, emerging from years and years in prison to become leaders of the democratic forces as these were eventually allowed to win free elections. Remarkably, they survive with their energies and self-control in good shape: prison, far from breaking the best, can often make them even better. Now, they are in charge in the Western Ukraine—the L'viv, Temopil’, and Ivano-Frankivs’k regions—and their allies have done very well even in the largely Russified city of Kiev. Relations with the local Russians (and Jews) seem to be rather good. Unlike the cases of the Baltic states, there is no antinationalist grouping of Russian immigrants in the Ukraine, no “Interfront,” as such organizations are called. True, the population of Odessa so far has not been greatly penetrated by Ukrainian nationalism. But the movement has spread now, quite far into the Eastern Ukraine, that half of the country on the left bank of the river Dnieper or Dnipro, which, once upon a time, was quite Russian—Russian in its Orthodoxy, much of its language, and some of its population. Nowadays, we can at last say something positive about this, because we are allowed to have evidence—unfaked elections, a free press, visas (even for declared nationalistic exiles) are now on hand, though there are still restrictions in different places and in different ways. One very important thing is the ability of Western observers to read the opinions of Ukrainians who have lived through the past generation or two, in which everything was kept down under a Soviet ice cap.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 2011, No.34
    www.ukrweekly.com INSIDE: Yushchenko testifi es against Tymoshenko – page 3 Diaspora leaders comment on today’s Ukraine – page 4 Experts/scholars on independent Ukraine at 20 – page 8 THEPublished U by theKRAINIAN Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal W non-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXIX No. 34 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 21, 2011 $1/$2 in Ukraine Chrystyna Lapychak/The Ukrainian Weekly August 24, 1991: The scene inside the Verkhovna Rada after the vote for Ukraine’s independence. Members of the democratic bloc carry in a huge Ukrainian flag, which had been draped over one of the tanks protecting the Russian Parliament building at the time of the attempted coup in the Soviet Union. Movers and shakers comment on Ukraine at 20 by Mark Raczkiewycz Some submissions metaphorically com- entered college, had become the boxing dated Soviet model. This is one of the rea- Special to The Ukrainian Weekly pared to Ukraine to an adolescent entering champion of Ukraine, had travelled abroad sons that for 20 years of independence we his teens, albeit with stunted growth. and had tasted life different from that in the have not achieved the same success in KYIV – To mark the 20th anniversary of Others emphasized the unique opportu- Soviet Union. Therefore, I, like many building a state, as the Baltic states or the the re-establishment of Ukraine’s indepen- nity and potential that Ukraine has to Ukrainians, perceived the political events Georgians, our former neighbors in the dence, The Ukrainian Weekly asked some become a geopolitical player in Europe, but of the early ‘90s optimistically because we Soviet Union, who have been independent of Ukraine’s political, civic and cultural lamented that the country has taken every had a chance to start a new life.
    [Show full text]
  • Memory of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in Post-Soviet Ukraine
    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS STOCKHOLMIENSIS Stockholm Studies in History 103 Reordering of Meaningful Worlds Memory of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in Post-Soviet Ukraine Yuliya Yurchuk ©Yuliya Yurchuk, Stockholm University 2014 Södertörn Doctoral Dissertations 101 ISSN: 1652-7399 ISBN: 978-91-87843-12-9 Stockholm Studies in History 103 ISSN: 0491-0842 ISBN 978-91-7649-021-1 Cover photo: Barricades of Euromaidan. July 2014. Yuliya Yurchuk. Printed in Sweden by US-AB, Stockholm 2014 Distributor: Department of History In memory of my mother Acknowledgements Each PhD dissertation is the result of a long journey. Mine was not an exception. It has been a long and exciting trip which I am happy to have completed. This journey would not be possible without the help and support of many people and several institutions to which I owe my most sincere gratitude. First and foremost, I want to thank my supervisors, David Gaunt and Barbara Törnquist-Plewa, for their guidance, encouragement, and readiness to share their knowledge with me. It was a privilege to be their student. Thank you, David, for broadening the perspectives of my research and for encouraging me not to be afraid to tackle the most difficult questions and to come up with the most unexpected answers. Thank you, Barbara, for introducing me to the whole field of memory studies, for challenging me to go further in my interpretations, for stimulating me to follow untrodden paths, and for being a source of inspiration for all these years. Your encouragement helped me to complete this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Zhuk Outcover.Indd
    The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Sergei I. Zhuk Number 1906 Popular Culture, Identity, and Soviet Youth in Dniepropetrovsk, 1959–84 The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Number 1906 Sergei I. Zhuk Popular Culture, Identity, and Soviet Youth in Dniepropetrovsk, 1959–84 Sergei I. Zhuk is Associate Professor of Russian and East European History at Ball State University. His paper is part of a new research project, “The West in the ‘Closed City’: Cultural Consumption, Identities, and Ideology of Late Socialism in Soviet Ukraine, 1964–84.” Formerly a Professor of American History at Dniepropetrovsk University in Ukraine, he completed his doctorate degree in Russian History at the Johns Hopkins University in 2002 and recently published Russia’s Lost Reformation: Peasants, Millennialism, and Radical Sects in Southern Russia and Ukraine, 1830–1917 (2004). No. 1906, June 2008 © 2008 by The Center for Russian and East European Studies, a program of the University Center for International Studies, University of Pittsburgh ISSN 0889-275X Image from cover: Rock performance by Dniepriane near the main building of Dniepropetrovsk University, August 31, 1980. Photograph taken by author. The Carl Beck Papers Editors: William Chase, Bob Donnorummo, Ronald H. Linden Managing Editor: Eileen O’Malley Editorial Assistant: Vera Dorosh Sebulsky Submissions to The Carl Beck Papers are welcome. Manuscripts must be in English, double-spaced throughout, and between 40 and 90 pages in length. Acceptance is based on anonymous review. Mail submissions to: Editor, The Carl Beck Papers, Center for Russian and East European Studies, 4400 Wesley W. Posvar Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining Foreign Policy Change in Transitional States
    Explaining Foreign Policy Change in Transitional States: A Case Study of Ukraine between Two Revolutions By © 2017 Lidiya Zubytska M.A., University of Notre Dame, 2004 B.A., Ivan Franko National University of L’viv, 2002 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Political Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Chair: Mariya Omelicheva Robert Rohrschneider Nazli Avdan Steven Maynard-Moody Erik Herron Date Defended: 24 July 2017 The dissertation committee for Lidiya Zubytska certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Explaining Foreign Policy Change in Transitional States: A Case Study of Ukraine between Two Revolutions Chair: Mariya Omelicheva Date Approved: 24 July 2017 ii ABSTRACT Over the span of a decade, Ukraine saw two revolutions that rocked its political and social life to the very core. The Orange revolution of 2004, a watershed event in the post-Soviet history of East European states, reversed the authoritarian trend in the country and proclaimed its course for democracy and integration with the European Union. However, reforms and electoral promises of the revolutionary leaders quickly turned into shambles, and instead another pro- Russian authoritarian leader consolidated power. As Ukrainian political elites vacillated between closer ties with the EU to its west and the Russian Federation to its east, the 2014 Revolution of Dignity rose again to defend the European future for Ukraine. In this work, I investigate the driving forces shaping foreign policymaking in Ukraine during these years. I posit that it was precisely because such policies were shaped in an uncertain post-revolutionary transitional political environment that we are able to see seemingly contradictory shifts in Ukraine’s relations with the EU and Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Rights in Ukraine – 2005
    HUMAN RIGHTS IN UKRAINE – 2005 HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS REPORT UKRAINIAN HELSINKI HUMAN RIGHTS UNION KHARKIV HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION GROUP KHARKIV «PRAVA LUDYNY» 2006 1 BBK 67.9(4) H68 In preparing the cover, the work of Alex Savransky «Freedom is on the march» was used Designer Boris Zakharov Editors Yevgeny Zakharov, Irina Rapp, Volodymyr Yavorsky Translator Halya Coynash The book is published with the assistance of the International Renaissance Foundation and the Democracy Fund of the U.S. Embassy, Kyiv The views of the authors do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Government Human Rights in Ukraine – 2005. Report by Human Rights Organizations. / Editors H68 Y.Zakharov, I.Rapp, V.Yavorsky / Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union, Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group – Kharkiv: Prava Ludyny, 2006. – 328 p. ISBN 966-8919-08-4. This book considers the human rights situation in Ukraine during 2005 and is based on studies by various non-governmental human rights organizations and specialists in this area. The first part gives a general assessment of state policy with regard to human rights in 2005, while in the second part each unit concentrates on identifying and analysing violations of specific rights in 2005, as well as discussing any positive moves which were made in protecting the given rights. Current legislation which encour- ages infringements of rights and freedoms is also analyzed, together with draft laws which could change the situation. The conclusions of the research contain recommendations for eliminating
    [Show full text]
  • 1992: a LOOK BACK from the Old Democratic Opposition Ukraine: a Year of Transition Like Lvan Drach, the First Head of Rukh; Dmytro Pavlychko, the First by Dr
    No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 5 1992: A LOOK BACK from the old democratic opposition Ukraine: a year of transition like lvan Drach, the first head of Rukh; Dmytro Pavlychko, the first by Dr. Roman Solchanyk (personified by Mr. Kravchuk) for head of the Ukrainian Language Society; Mykhailo Horyn, also a RFEjRL Research institute the sake of Ukrainian independent statehood. Mr. Ryabchuk had in long-time political prisoner and now Ukraine's first year as an inde– mind primarily developments within head of the Ukrainian Republican pendent state witnessed a funda– Rukh, which emerged during the Party; Larysa Skoryk, earlier one of mental realignment of political period of perestroika and served as the most outspoken critics of Mr. forces within the country that result– an umbrella organization bringing Kravchuk in the Parliament; and ed in the division of the democratic together the democratic opposition other key figures in the Rukh central forces into two basic camps, both to the Communist regime, in the leadership. The point of departure committed to the same over-all goal course of 1992, Rukh split into two for this group is the defense and of consolidating independence, but camps. The fault line was the poli– consolidation of Ukrainian state- with differing views on how best to cies and persona of Mr. Kravchuk, hood, which is identified with Presi– achieve that end. A key issue se– who, as the ideological secretary of dent Kravchuk. parating the two camps is the atti– the Communist Party of Ukraine, Moreover, the Ukrainian leader tude towards the policies and per– had previously been the nemesis of has skillfully courted the opposition, sona of President Leonid Kravchuk.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union (UHHRU) Is One of the Most Influential Human Rights Organizations in Ukraine
    UKRAINIAN ASSOCIATION OF CIVIC HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS UKRAINIAN HELSINKI HUMAN RIGHTS UNION UKRAINIAN Українська HELSINKI Гельсінська HUMAN спілка RIGHTS UNION з прав людини 2009 ANNUAL REPORT 2 > CONTENTS > History of the organization ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 > The structure of the organization — members, members of the board, supervisory board and staff ........................................................ 4 > Main areas of activities ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 V Defence of victims of human rights abuse ................................................................................................................................................8 V Providing information about human rights violations ..........................................................................................................................13 V Human rights education ...........................................................................................................................................................................16 V Impact on State policy on human rights .................................................................................................................................................18 V Development
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1991
    I HL rPublished ЬУ the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association| Ukrainian WeeklУ Vol. LIX No. 15 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, APRIL 14,1991 50 cents St. George Cathedral in Lviv site of historic Easter liturgy by Marta Kolomayets At this cathedral, which was the site Kiev Press Bureau of thb 1946 Lviv pseudo-synod, which liquidated the Ukrainian Catholic LVIV — For the first time in 46 years, Church and absorbed it into the ranks Ukrainian Catholics were able to cele­ of the Russian Orthodox Church, brate the miracle of Christ's Resurrec­ hundreds of worshippers blessed bright­ tion at the Cathedral of St. George on ly decorated Easter baskets, complete Sunday, April 7, singing joyously, with pasky (Easter bread), krashanky "Khrystos Voskres!" (Christ Has (colored eggs), butter and cheese. Risen). Members of the recently renewed Hundreds of faithful densely packed youth organization Plast assisted this 18th century Baroque church, the priests by carrying buckets which was returned to the Ukrainian of holy water during the blessing cere­ Catholics last August, to witness their monies. Plast members also stood vigil newly arrived primate, Cardinal Myro- at the grave of Jesus Christ, the "plash- slav Ivan Lubachivsky, celebrate the chennytsia," inside the church. Jerusalem Matins and all-night liturgy, The Ukrainian Catholics were not the which began at midnight. He was only ones to celebrate Easter in Lviv assisted by Archbishop Volodymyr throughout the night. All-night liturgies Sterniuk of Lviv and Archbishop were also offered at the Cathedral Maxim Hermaniuk, metropolitan of Church of the Ukrainian Orthodox Canada, as well as numerous bishops Church, formerly the Russian Ortho­ and priests from Ukraine and the dox Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Annus Albaruthenicus 2007 2007
    ANNUS ALBARUTHENICUS 2007 ГОД БЕЛАРУСКІ 2007 VILLA SOKRATES ANNUS ALBARUTHENICUS 2007 ГОД БЕЛАРУСКІ 2007 ВОСЬМЫ ТОМ Рэдактар САКРАТ ЯНОВІЧ KRYNKI 2007 Выдавецкае афармленьне: ЮРКА ХМЯЛЕЎСКІ Рэцэнзенты: prof. dr hab. Jerzy Tomaszewski prof. dr hab. Antoni Mironowicz Editor: STOWARZYSZENIE VILLA SOKRATES 16-120 KRYNKI POLAND Phone: (+48 – 85) 722 81 44 E-mail: [email protected] Друк: OFFSET-PRINT BIAŁYSTOK © Copyright by Villa Sokrates ISSN 1640-3320 Zrealizowano dzięki dotacji Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji ЗЬМЕСТ – CONTENTS Yury Vashkievich, Metamorphoses of Sovietism..................................................7 Ryszard Radzik, Der weißrussische und tschechische nationsschöpferische Prozess im 19. und zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts: Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede............................................................................................29 Aliaksandar Smalianchuk, Belarusian National Idea in the Early Twentieth Century ..........................................................................................................55 Pavel Tserashkovich, Social Preconditions of National Revival of the Peoples in the East of Central Eastern Europe in the 19th – early 20th Centuries (Belarusians, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians)........................69 Miroslav Hroh, Nation as a Product of Social Communication? (Report on the issue of comparison of the Czech and Belarusian „models”) .......... 111 Miloš Řezník, Historische Staatlichkeit und Nationalbewegung: ein weißrussisch-tschechischer
    [Show full text]
  • The Position of the Ukrainian Language in Ukraine
    The Position of the Ukrainian Language in Ukraine Phd Thesis submitted August 1998 School of Slavonic and East European Studies Jennifer Elizabeth Pickurel Taylor ProQuest Number: 10016058 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10016058 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 The Position of Ukrainian Language in Ukraine Acknowledgements 2 Synopsis 3 Chapter One; Language Planning and State Languages 4 Chapter Two: Language Planning in Ukraine 38 Chapter Three: Languages and State-building in Ukraine 77 Chapter Four: Media in Ukraine 115 152 Supplement Chapter Five: Education in Ukraine 160 Chapter Six: Beyond politics: Internal Problems of the 190 Ukrainian Language Conclusions: 239 Bibliography: 251 Acknowledgements: I would like to thank first of all my supervisor Jim Dingley for his support, help and encouragement, regardless - not to mention his unparalleled expertise on all matters Ukrainian. I would also like to thank my wonderful husband, my parents, both sets, and Cara, and John, for their support and encouragement. I have also greatly benefited from the support of a lot of super friends both in London and at home in Virginia, especially Emily, Rob and Beate.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Marxism-Leninism and the Non-Russian Nations
    The Captive Nations TO MRS. C. I. STRALEM IN DEEPEST RESPECf THE CAPTIVE NATIONS Nationalism 0/ the Non-Russian Nations in the Soviet Union Roman Smal-Stocki fr. 9~ .,- Marquette- University With a Pre/ace by LEV E. DOBRIANSKY lnatitute 01 Ethnic Studies Georgetown Un.vemty COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY PRESS New Haven, Connecticut IJat @ 1960 by Boo Library of s Catalog Number: 60-10539 UND EDmON PUBLISHED BY COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY PREss PAPERBAClC DIVISION REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION OF BOOKMAN TES, INC. MANlJFA IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMElUCA BY lJNITIl:D C IERVlCBI, INC. NEW IIAVD. OONM. Foreword "Uncivilized peoples love liberty, civilized peoples love order, and there can be no order without autocracy ... Autocracy is the soul, the life of Russia," . NICHOLAS JtAJlAMZIN, Father of modem Ruadara hfatoftl (1766-18!8) "I have sworn upon the altar of God, eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man." THOMAS jD'i'ERSON It is surely not beyond the realm of probability for the United States and the entire Free World to suffer disastrous defeat under the claws of the present Russian Empire. Con­ trary to superficial opinion, the possibility of such a humiliat­ ing outcome does not necessarily imply the precondition of any hot global war. Indeed, on the basis of the history of the past and present Russian Empire, it can be readily shown that the Russian prerequisite for success is the scrupulous avoidance of an out-and-out war, despite characteristic Russian threats of a world-wide holocaust. Thus, if the defeat of the United States should come to pass, it would not be the result of any technologic lag, inadequacy in missile production, backwardness in space exploration, deficiency in conventional arms and men, domes­ tic inflation, or an inability to cope with a fictitious over-all eco­ nomic competition posed by Moscow and its empire.
    [Show full text]
  • MB Kupershteyn TOWN of BAR: Jewish Pages Through
    1 M. B. Kupershteyn TOWN OF BAR: Jewish Pages Through The Prism Of Time Vinnytsia-2019 2 The publication was carried out with the financial support of the Charity Fund " Christians for Israel-Ukraine” K 92 M. B. Kupershteyn Town of Bar: Jewish Pages Through The Prism Of Time. - Vinnytsia: LLC "Nilan-LTD", 2019 - 344 pages. This book tells about the town of Bar, namely the life of the Jewish population through the prism of historical events. When writing this book archival, historical, memoir, public materials, historical and ethnographic dictionaries, reference books, works of historians, local historians, as well as memories and stories of direct participants, living witnesses of history, photos from the album "Old Bar" and from other sources were used. The book is devoted to the Jewish people of Bar, the history of contacts between ethnic groups, which were imprinted in the people's memory and monuments of material culture, will be of interest to both professionals and a wide range of readers who are not indifferent to the history of the Jewish people and its cultural traditions. Layout and cover design: L. M. Kupershtein Book proofer: A. M. Krentsina ISBN 978-617-7742-19-6 ©Kupers M. B., 2019 ©Nilan-LTD, 2019 3 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 5 HISTORICAL BAR .......................................................................... 7 FROM THE DEPTHS OF HISTORY .................................................. 32 SHTETL ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]