No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 5 1992: A LOOK BACK from the old democratic opposition Ukraine: a year of transition like lvan Drach, the first head of Rukh; Dmytro Pavlychko, the first by Dr. Roman Solchanyk (personified by Mr. Kravchuk) for head of the Ukrainian Language Society; Mykhailo Horyn, also a RFEjRL Research institute the sake of Ukrainian independent statehood. Mr. Ryabchuk had in long-time political prisoner and now Ukraine's first year as an inde– mind primarily developments within head of the Ukrainian Republican pendent state witnessed a funda– Rukh, which emerged during the Party; Larysa Skoryk, earlier one of mental realignment of political period of perestroika and served as the most outspoken critics of Mr. forces within the country that result– an umbrella organization bringing Kravchuk in the Parliament; and ed in the division of the democratic together the democratic opposition other key figures in the Rukh central forces into two basic camps, both to the Communist regime, in the leadership. The point of departure committed to the same over-all goal course of 1992, Rukh split into two for this group is the defense and of consolidating independence, but camps. The fault line was the poli– consolidation of Ukrainian state- with differing views on how best to cies and persona of Mr. Kravchuk, hood, which is identified with Presi– achieve that end. A key issue se– who, as the ideological secretary of dent Kravchuk. parating the two camps is the atti– the Communist Party of Ukraine, Moreover, the Ukrainian leader tude towards the policies and per– had previously been the nemesis of has skillfully courted the opposition, sona of President Leonid Kravchuk. the democrats. in his speech to the opening meet– in spite of these differences, U– On one side of this fault line is ing of the Fifth Session of the Parlia– kraine remains politically tranquil, vyacheslav Chornovil - a promi– ment in January, Mr. Kravchuk showing few if any signs of the deep nent former political prisoner, the called for a roundtable of political political divisions that have beset first head of the democratically parties, groups, movements and several of its newly independent elected Lviv Oblast Council, and trade unions to discuss the forma– neighbors, including Russia, and runner-up to Mr. Kravchuk in the tion of a government of popular which, in some cases, have led to December 1991 presidential elec– accord and emphasized that Rukh civil war and armed conflict. tions - who enjoys the support of could play the leading role in such At the same time, the Ukrainian the overwhelming majority of Rukh an undertaking. When the round- experience has once again shown organizations in the oblasts, parti– table convened in February, the that politics and economics are cularly in western Ukraine. president advanced the idea of tightly interwoven. The steadily Mr. Chornovil insists that a demo– creating a State Duma (Council), worsening economic situation com– cratic society cannot be created the leadership of which was subse– bined with the government's inability without an opposition, and he has quently staffed almost exclusively or, as critics have argued, unwilling– taken it upon himself to lead what he by prominent figures from the oppo– ness to press ahead with economic calls a "constructive opposition" to sition. Representatives of the latter reform resulted in the forced resig– the political and economic policies have also been named to important nation of Prime Minister vitold associated with President Krav– posts in the state administration, Fokin and his Cabinet. The new chuk. Specifically, Mr. Chornovil government and the diplomatic government, headed by an ex– points to what might be termed the corps, in short, President Kravchuk perienced representative of the "unfinished revolution" in Ukraine, has succeeded in coopting both the industrial lobby, has pledged to criticizing the Ukrainian president's Rukh program and many of its top move towards a market economy at reliance on the old Communist leaders. a steady pace, but without resorting Party apparat in the state adminis– The split between the two Rukh to "shock therapy." For the time tration and the hesitation on the part camps was visible for all to see at the being, the opposition is prepared to of the executive branch to fully organization's third Congress on let the new government demon– commit itself to radical market- February 28-March 1. Although the strate what it can do. oriented economic reform. No majority of delegates supported Mr. Much depends on Ukraine's rela– doubt there is an element of per– Chornovil's line of "constructive tions, both political and economic, sonal conflict between Mr. Chorno– opposition," a formal split was avert– with Russia. After an initial period of vil and President Kravchuk that can ed by electing three co-chairman confrontation, the tensions between be traced to the presidential cam– (Messrs. Chornovil, Drach and the two most important members of paign. it came to the surface at the Horyn) and agreeing on a compro– World Forum of Ukrainians in Kiev mise resolution that characterized the ClS have subsided. І Tamara D Miller President Kravchuk and Russian in August, which witnessed a biting Rukh as being in opposition, but at President Boris Yeltsin held two attack on Mr. Chornovil by the the same time supporting President Celebrations of Ukraine's first anni– summit meetings in 1992 to iron out Ukrainian president. Kravchuk's policies insofar as they versary of independence found their differences, but it would be On the other side of the barri– do not conflict with its platform. many personal expressions. Above a naively optimistic to suggest that cades are many prominent figures Subsequently, Mr. Horyn left the "babusia" in Kiev manifests her joy. the Ukrainian-Russian relationship has suddenly undergone a funda– mental transformation. The basic q uestion of whether Russia is able to abandon its view of Ukraine as an integral part of Russia, which has been conditioned by several cen– turies of history, remains open. Moreover, there are any number of practical problems stemming from the collapse of the Soviet Union that the two sides have yet to resolve. One of these is the disposi– tion of the strategic nuclear weap– ons on Ukraine's territory. Although Ukraine has pledged to become a non-nuclear state, there is a grow– ing pro-nuclear lobby in the country that cannot be ignored. This, in turn, is a problem of utmost interest to the West,and one that directly impinges on Ukraine's relations with the out- side world.

Political landscape in a recent article, the well-known literary critic and commentator Mykola Ryabchuk portrayed the current situation in the Ukrainian democratic camp in terms of the Faust-Mephistopheles syndrome. ^ St^ Khristma Lew The suggestion, of course, is that a in Kiev, crowds gathered to celebrate the first anniversary of Ukraine's independence in a festival-like atmosphere pact had been made with the devil on independence Square on August 24. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 1992: A LOOK BACK triumvirate to take over the leader- tracking on economic reform. ship of the Ukrainian Republican By ail accounts, Mr. Symonenko Party. Mr. Drach, on the other hand, was President Kravchuk з first while formally retaining his post as choice to succeed Mr. Fokin, against co-chairman, simply stopped play– whom the opposition mounted a ing an active role in the Rukh leader- determined campaign in the sum– ship. mer. After an unsuccessful attempt At the fourth congress, which was on June 3 to place a vote of no- held December 4-6, Mr. Chornovil confidence on the Parliament's assumed full control of Rukh and, in agenda, on July 7 the Parliament effect, transformed the organization placed the question of confidence in into a political party. The delegates the government on its agenda. The voted to annul the institution of co- prime minister responded by citing chairmen and went on to elect Mr. President Kravchuk's support and Chornovil as sole head of the orga– reading a prepared statement de– nization by an overwhelming vote of manding that either the lawmakers 423-8. accept his terms or assume respon– Thus, by the end of 1992, Rukh, sibility for the situation in the coun– armed with a new program of state- try; thereafter, most of the ministers building adopted at its congress, left the hall. Parliament, in turn, was transformed into a political before recessing for the summer, base for Mr. Chornovil's expected Prime Minister vitold Fokin (center) was forced to resign his post, and his passed a resolution proposing that candidacy in the next presidential Cabinet was dismissed following a vote of no confidence by the Parliament. the president submit new candi– elections. With about 50,000 card- dates for ministerial posts. carrying members and many more campaign to lift the ban on the between proponents of a radical At the same time, more than 20 supporters and sympathizers, it is Communist Party. reform package and traditionalists political parties and groups formed the largest and most important With a membership of close to wary of the market. At the same a coalition called "A New Parlia– political grouping in Ukraine. 30,000, the Socialist Party of Ukraine time, the country was experiencing ment for an independent Ukraine" in the meantime, the Rukh mino– cannot be ignored as a political a steady deterioration of the econo– which demanded the government's rity formed its own organization on force. But even their numbers do not mib situation characterized by a resignation, new parliamentary August 2 called the Congress of tell the full story. The notion of decline in production, spiraling elections and a referendum on the National Democratic Forces "socialism" is still very popular inflation, and increasing prices for dissolution of Parliament. When the (CNDF). This coalition was put among large segments of the popu– consumer goods, in the first two Parliament reconvened in Septem– together by Mr. Horyn's Ukrainian lation, particularly in times of eco– months of 1992, for example, indus– ber against the background of what Republican Party and the Demo– nomic misery, and the socialists trial production fell by more than 17 was described by Mr. Fokin as a cratic Party of Ukraine led by Yuriy have skillfully played this card in percent as compared to the same "profound crisis" in the economy, Badzio and Mr. Pavlychko, and was their appeals to the masses. period in the previous year; produc– Mr. Symonenko still did not have a joined by a number of center-right On the other side of the political tion of consumer goods declined by completed economic reform pack- political parties and groups. The spectrum, 1992 witnessed the orga– more than 23 percent; and produc– age, in the final analysis, the Fokin– CNDF clearly delineated its line in nizational formation of several ultra- tion of foodstuffs dropped by almost Symonenko plan for "deepening" support of Mr. Kravchuk while nationalist and extremist groups 36 percent. economic reforms and a restructur– joining Rukh in the call for a new proclaiming their commitment to The duality in the approach to ing of the Cabinet of Ministers never Cabinet of Ministers and new exclusively "Ukrainian national in– economic reform was reflected in saw the light of day. The govern– parliamentary elections. terests." the virtually simultaneous appoint– ment was forced to resign on Octo– A third coalition that emerged in ments in March of Oleksahder berl. 1992 is New Ukraine, which was Politics and the economy Yemelianov as chairman of the State Within two weeks of his appoint– formed in January and may be said Council's Collegium on Questions ment on October 13, Mr. Kuchma to reflect the views of the democra– At the end of September, Presi– of Economic Policy and volodymyr presented his choices for ministerial tic center-left. The driving force dent Kravchuk finally caved in to Lanovoy as deputy prime minister posts, which were approved by the behind New Ukraine is the Party for opposition criticism of the govern– and minister of economics. Parliament on October 27. The job Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine, ment's economic policy and on Mr. Yemelianov, who came from of deputy prime minister and min– which traces its origins to the September 30 announced the retire– the State Planning Committee, was ister of economics went to viktor Democratic Platform in the ment of Prime Minister Fokin. The charged with formulating economic Pynzenyk, who had previously criti– Communist Party of Ukraine, it Ukrainian president decided to sa– policy, which resulted in a docu– cized the government's economic groups together various social crifice his head of government, but ment titled "Fundamentals of the policies. democratic, liberal, Green and wanted to retain the core of the Economic Policy of Ukraine" that Mr. Kuchma himself came out in trade-union organizations, and also Cabinet of Ministers. However, on envisaged introduction of a Ukrai– support of market reforms, but includes representatives of the October 1 the Parliament adopted a nian currency and preparations for emphasized that the transition rising industrial and business resolution expressing no confi– an immediate abandonment of the should be a gradual one. According lobbies. dence in the entire government ruble zone. The plan was approved to the new prime minister, the pro- in its early stages, New Ukraine forcing President Kravchuk to name in principle by the Parliament at a cess should begin with the privati– focused primarily on promoting the a new Cabinet head within a 10-day closed session on March 24. zation of small and medium-sized acceleration of economic reform. period. Mr. Lanovoy is a 40-year-old pro– enterprises, consumer services, By the spring, however, the coalition The president responded by se– ponent of radical market reform and trade and agricultural production went into political opposition to the lecting First Deputy Prime Minister one of the leaders of the New U– facilities. Large state-run enter- government, and at its first congress valentyn Symonenko as interim kraine coalition. Several days after prises should be denationalized at a in June it declared that it opposed prime minister; and on October13, Mr. Yemelianov's "Fundamentals" slow pace and only those deemed the president and the presently he proposed the candidacy of Leo– was approved, he subjected the essential would continue to be sub– constituted Parliament as well. nid Kuchma, whom the lawmakers document to stinging criticism, sidized. Mr. Kuchma has also come Since then, New Ukraine has been approved by a large majority. Mr. saying that it was not a program but out strongly in favor of maintaining coordinating its activities with Rukh Kuchma, general director of the rather a hastily assembled collec– close economic ties with Russia. in the organization of a referendum Southern Machine Construction tion of incompetent and anti-market At the end of November, the Par– to force early parliamentary elec– Plant production association in Dni– responses to the liberalization of liament granted Mr. Kuchma extra- tions. However, the effort to gather 3 propetrovske, which is described as prices introduced in Russia earlier ordinary powers for a period of six- million signatures by the December the largest missile production plant in the year. Clearly, such a situation months in order to facilitate his 21 deadline on a petition calling for a in the world, is a 54-year-old Ukrai– could not be maintained for very economic reform program of tight referendum has proved unsuccess– nian who has spent most of his long. budget and wage controls com– ful, which testifies to the widespread working life at the plant he now And, indeed, on July 11 President bined with accelerated privatization political apathy and disenchant– heads. Kravchuk sacked Mr. Lanovoy, un– and what appears to be a serious ment among the population. His initial statements left ob– convincingly arguing that a high- effort to wipe out corruption. The left opposition is represented servers with the impression that the ranking government official could by the Socialist Party of Ukraine, new Ukrainian prime minister is a not simultaneously be a member of Foreign policy: which was formed in October 1991 practical-minded manager who will an opposition political group, in his Russia, the C1S the West as the successor to the banned pursue a gradual course to the place, Mr. Kravchuk appointed va– Communist Party of Ukraine. The market and is intent on avoiding the lentyn Symonenko as first deputy Ukraine's relations with Russia go socialists, led by People's Deputy "shock therapy" identified with a prime minister. Mr. Symonenko well beyond the question of bilateral OleksanderMoroz, convoked their rapid embrace of the market. previously served as mayor of relations between the two most second congress in December and TheCabinet crisis in the fall was Odessa and was then appointed important successor states to the concentrated their energies on the preceded by several months of presidential representative in the Soviet Union. They impinge on the party's "anti-crisis" economic pro- inconclusive attempts to launch a Odessa oblast. His appointment, fate of Russia itself, on the future of gram, which is openly hostile to the program of economic reform against ana especially tne Tiring of Lanovoy the ClS, and are crucial to Western market and privatization, and on the a background of political infighting were widely interpreted as back- security interests. Dr. Zbigniew No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER n, 1992 1992: A LOOK BACK

Brzezinski has argued that the lit– question Ukraine's right to the Cri– forming a confederation or some But the problem of strategic nu– mus test for Russia's future course mean city of Sevastopil, which is other form of closer association of clear weapons remains, with U– of development is whether or not it home to the Black Sea Fleet. European and Asian states. kraine demanding the right to "ad- can live with an independent U– Presidents Yeltsin and Kravchuk All of these problems are viewed minister" these weapons while kraine. held two summits in 1992. The first, with dismay from Washington, Lon– leaving "operational management" That question is still open. For in the southern Russian resort town don, Bonn and other Western capi– to the command of the ClS armed many Russians, regardless of their of Dagomys on June 23, focused on tals. Their main concern is the fact forces. Moreover, increasingly U– political convictions, the "loss" of economic issues and set the stage that Russia and Ukraine, together kraine is being seen as stalling on Ukraine is simply incomprehen– for the current negotiations on a with Belarus and Kazakhstan, have the ratification of START, which sible. The problem is primarily a new Ukrainian-Russian treaty. The formidable arsenals of nuclear President Kravchuk recently ad– historical one. Russian political Crimean question was not on the weapons on their territories. The mitted would not be possible before thought traditionally viewed "Little agenda, which represented a victory nuclear arms issue also has a Ukrai– the new year. At the same time, there Russia" (Ukraine) as an integral part for the Ukrainian position that this is nian-Russian angle. As a matter of is a growing and increasingly vocal of Russia and "Little Russians" (U– purely an internal Ukrainian matter. principle, Kiev has objected to Mos– lobby in Ukraine that argues for the krainians) as part of the "all-Rus-' The second summit was held in cow's determined effort to play the retention of a nuclear capability, sian" (obshcherusskoy) nation. Stated Yalta in August and yielded an role of sole successor to the USSR, and Mr. Kravchuk himself has insist– differently, Ukraine and Ukrainians interim solution to the dispute over especially in international affairs. A ed that Ukraine should be given were never considered to be legiti– the Black Sea Fleet by placing it case in point is negotiations with the security guarantees and financial mate concepts, indeed, Russian under joint Ukrainian-Russian com– West on the reduction of nuclear compensation before it becomes historiography traces the origins of mand for a three-year period, after weapons. nuclear-free. the Russian state to Kievan Rus'. which it is to be divided between the Ukraine's position that it is an The "^oss" of Ukraine, therefore, two sides. Negotiations on the issue independent party in the nuclear Thus, the balance sheet of one represents the loss of a key aspect of are continuing. arms negotiations was finally agreed year of Ukrainian independence Russian history and, consequently, But it would be overly optimistic to in May with the signing of the presents a mixed picture. President Russian national identity. Ukrainian to assume that these specific pro– Lisbon protocol to START. Neither Kravchuk and his allies in the demo– independence has had the practical blems have been resolved and, more the West nor Russia were anxious cratic camp succeeded in asserting effect of forcing Russia to recon– important, that the larger issue of for Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakh– and consolidating Ukrainian inde– struct its national memory. Russia's attitude toward an inde– stan to, in effect, join the nuclear pendence vis-a-vis Russia and in the Admittedly, this is not an easy pendent Ukraine has suddenly been club. Only several months earlier, in international arena. But now they process. Leading Russian political reversed. Recent statements by March, Ukraine suspended its trans– are faced with the no less formidable figures, both in the Yeltsin camp and vice-President Rutskoi on the Cri– fer of short-range nuclear weapons task of providing the economic in the "red-brown" coalition of self- mea and, even more disturbing, to Russia, claiming there was no underpinning for translating that styled patriots and disgruntled Russian Foreign Minister Andrei guarantee the arms were actually independence into something con– Communists, have on numerous Kozyrev's remark that territorial being destroyed as had been agreed. crete with which ordinary citizens occasions made it clear they claims on Ukraine could not be The transfers were subsequently can identify and which, in the final cannot accept an independent U– excluded provide little ground for resumed and by May, when Presi– analysis, will provide the backbone kraine. optimism on this score. dent Kravchuk visited Washington, and muscle needed to promote the The Russian opposition has been From Kiev's standpoint, the Rus– all tactical nuclear weapons had development not only of an inde– particularly forthright. Sergei Babu– sian version of the draft of a new been removed from Ukrainian terri– pendent but also a democratic state rin, a central figure in the National treaty between Ukraine and Russia, tory. and civil society. Salvation Front, was quoted in May which was made public in Septem– as telling Kiev's ambassador in ber, gives added weight to Henry Moscow that "either Ukraine re- Kissinger's claim he never met unites with Russia, or there will be a Russian who accepted that U– The task of nation-building war." Leading Russian democrats kraine can be truly independent. After the euphoria of independ– and will be valid both for internal like St. Petersburg Mayor Anatoliy The draft, among other things, calls ence subsided, in 1992, Ukraine was identification and for foreign travel, Sobchak and former Moscow Mayor for a joint military doctrine and faced with the arduous task of build– unlike the case during the Soviet era Gavrill Popov, although consider- provides for the use of Ukrainian ing a democratic, independent na– when separate passports were ably more diplomatic, reacted to territory by Russia's military, and tion. Throughout the year, it assert– issued for domestic and external Ukraine's independence with undis– has been rejected by Kiev. ed its de jure status by adopting use. guised horror and territorial claims. The Ukrainian-Russian imbroglio attributes of a sovereign state. Although Ukraine began issuing And statements like those by has also had a visible impact on the On the first day of the fifth session its own stamps in March 1992, it vice-President Aleksander Rutskoi course of developments in the ClS. of its 12th convocation the Parlia– slowed the process of producing that the Russian Federation should The latter was formed by Ukraine, ment adopted the blue-and-yellow stamps soon afterward. Because of not be confused with Russia or Russia and Belarus in December of flag as the state flag of Ukraine; various technical difficulties, Ukrai– Deputy Prime Minister Mikhail Pol– 1991, but Kiev's motivations for during the winter months the Su– nian postal authorities were forced toranin's reference to President joining were quite different from preme Council went on to approve to utilize remaining Soviet supplies Kravchuk's "separatism" in the con- those of its two Slavic neighbors. the trident as the state emblem before attempting to produce more text of centrifugal movements inside The latter were prepared to sign (February 19), and to adopt a na– of their own stamps. Russia suggest that the Russian Mikhail Gorbachev's confederative tional anthem for Ukraine. August Two debut 15-kopek stamps White House is not entirely immune union treaty but ultimately did not 24 was designated a state holiday, which did manage to come into to what the Ukrainian president has do so because Ukraine rejected "Ukrainian independence Day,", circulation on Sunday, March 1, often referred to as Russian "impe– Mr. Gorbachev's plans outright. marking the date in 1991 that the depict two historic eras in Ukraine's rial thinking." The result was the C!S, which Mr. Supreme Council of Ukraine adopt– glorious past. The first stamp cele– This problem was reflected Yeltsin agreed to in order to main- ed the Act of Declaration of ln– brated 500 years of Kozak history, in the tense relations between Kiev tain the link with Ukraine. For Mr. dependence, voting in the aftermath while the second marked 100 years in Moscow throughout the first half Kravchuk and the Ukrainian leader- of the attempted coup in Moscow. of Ukrainian emigration to Canada. of 1992, which were clearly visible, ship, the ClS provided a mechanism in May, Ukraine's Ministry of in 1992, Ukraine also hoped to particularly in the disputes over the for what has been described as a internal Affairs reported that new introduce its own monetary unit, the Crimea and the Black Sea Fleet. On civilized divorce process. passports would be issued to every hryvnia, but due to the incovertabi– January 23, the Russian Parliament These two diametrically opposed citizen of Ukraine over a five-year lity of the ruble, and subsequently voted overwhelmingly to adopt a approaches largely explain the in– period between 1993 and 1998. The the coupon, economic experts ad- resolution instructing two of its effectiveness of the ClS. Russia new Ukrainian passport will be vised that Ukraine hold off until it committees to examine the consti– would like to see a more tightly based on international standards could back its money with reserves. tutionality of the 1954 decisions to integrated ClS replete with its own transfer the Crimea from the RSFSR charter and coordinating bodies. to Ukraine, in another resolution, Ukraine has flatly rejected all sug– the Ukrainian Parliament was asked gestions of transforming the ClS to find a speedy resolution to all into a new "superstate," and on questions related to the Black Sea various occasions President Krav– Fleet. An unsuccessful attempt was chuk and other Ukrainian leaders made to place both of these issues have suggested that Ukraine will on the agenda of the Sixth Congress abandon the Commonwealth. of Russian People's Deputies in Rukh and other political group– April. The following month, a closed ings have incorporated the demand session of the Russian Supreme that Ukraine leave the ClS into their Soviet adopted a resolution de– programs. The frustration of the claring the 1954 transfer of the Russian side can be seen in the Crimea as being ''without the force appeal addressed by the Seventh of law." More recently, the Seventh Congress of Russian People's De– Congress of Russian People's De– puties to the Parliaments of the І puties on December 5 called into Soviet successor states to consider Reproduction of a 1,000-karbovanets note (worth approximately S1.30). 8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 No. 52 1992: A LOOK BACK

ment issued by President Kravchuk firm and is to be completed within threatened to expel any foreigner three years. openly critical of the Ukrainian The sixth anniversary of the government, Supreme Council and nuclear disaster at Chornobyl was the president's policies. marked rather quietly as Green in late October, the first Jewish World and Rukh proclaimed a day of Congress of Ukraine was held in mourning on April 24 - Good Fri– Kiev. Awards were presented to day according to the Julian calen– World War 11 heroes who had res- dar. cued Jews during the Nazi occupa– Most Ukrainians, however, would tion. Jews form the second largest echo the sentiments of one Kievite ethnic minority in Ukraine after who told The Weekly: "We live with Russians. the effects of Chornobyl every day Former Soviet political prisoners of our lives." held a meeting in the fall to seek At an April 22 press conference, rehabilitation, and vowed to draw the Ukrainian Minister for the Chor– the attention of government and nobyl Clean-Up said that between civic associations to the need for a 6,000 and 8,000 deaths had resulted system of aid and protection for from the Chornobyl accident and victims of punitive Soviet psychia– appealed for more international aid try. They appealed to the Supreme to overcome the disaster's conse– Council of Ukraine to introduce quences. legislation bringing about the full On May 4, a massive outbreak of rehabilitation of former political wildfires was reported in areas Cadets in Kiev pledge allegiance to Ukraine. prisoners. contaminated by radioactive fallout Also, veterans of the Ukrainian from the Chornobyl disaster, spread– Thus, throughout 1992, the coupon, As Ukraine further established insurgent Army were given their day ing radiation to previously "clean" a flimsy piece of paper in various itself as a European state and a full- of glory, 50 years after their valiant areas. Some 100 fires were extin– colors and in various denominations fledged member of the global com– struggle to achieve a free Ukraine. guished in the Gomel Oblast of - described by Westerners as "Mo– munity, it was admitted as a mem– Thousands of veterans marched Belarus on May 2-3 alone. Fire was nopoly money" — circulated ber of the Conference on Security through the streets of Kiev on Au– the problem again in early Augustas throughout Ukraine. By the end of and Cooperation in Europe, at a gust 9 and called on Ukraine's Par– forest, brush and peat bog fires the year, Ukraine became a ruble- January meeting in Prague of foreign liament to recognize their defense of raged in northeastern Ukraine and free zone. ministers, in late February, Mr. Ukraine during World War ll. in the evacuated zone near the Although the coupon was intend– Kravchuk signed the Helsinki Ac- The Crimea continued to be a Chornobyl plant. Warnings were ed as a "transitional currency," cords. hotbed of problems for Ukraine, as issued to the populace, and some the Supreme Council adopted a new according to Ukrainian officials "the Also in late February, Ukraine was villagers were evacuated. constitution which foresees the unscheduled transformation of the asked to join NATO's Cooperation Meanwhile, the incidence of thy– Crimea as an autonomous region coupon appears to be an irre– Council by Secretary General Man– roid and other cancers continued to within Ukraine. Throughout the year versible shove toward the sepa– fred Woerner during his visit to grow, especially among children, as the Crimea passed various resolu– ration of the Russian and Ukrainian Ukraine. had been predicted with the passage tions including demands for dual economies." By the end of the year, The European Bank for Recon– of time since the accident. There citizenship, but ultimately backed President Leonid Kravchuk issued a struction and Development in Sep– were new revelations as well regard– away from a direct confrontation decree officially removing the ruble tember announced a major program ing the danger of exposure to low- with Kiev and put its independ– from circulation in Ukraine, and of aid for Ukrainian privatization, level radiation over prolonged ent status on a back burner. making the karbovanets (basically, pledging assistance in drafting pri– periods of time. Confrontations between the Cri– a renamed coupon) legal tender, it is vatization legislation as well as At the United Nations, representa– mean Tatars and Russian nationa– not yet clear when the hryvnia will promising to implement two or three tives from Europe, Asia and North lists continued as the Tatars at– be introduced. pilot privatization transactions in America commemorated the sixth tempted to storm the Crimean Par– Ukraine also began to seriously Ukraine. anniversary of the accident, and concentrate on the establishment of liament building in October, when activists of the Zhytomyr Fund to Just two months later, the World its own army. Taking the oath of that Parliament outlawed the Mezh– Resettle the victims of Chornobyl Bank extended a S40 million loan to allegiance became a regular event, lis and the Organization of the appealed to the U.N. to establish a the beleaguered nation. Although as pledges were administered in Crimean Tatar National Movement, new concept, that of "radiation the World Bank's representative military schools, at army bases, labeling them unconstitutional. refugees" and to form an assistance acknowledged the amount was naval fleets and national guard Another restless area, to the south committee to help individuals irra– small and "earmarked for strength– headquarters. of Ukraine, the Trans-Dnister Mol– diated by nuclear accidents or emis– ening institutions involved in econo– According to a recent report in the dovan Republic, continued to wit– sions. mic reform," he offered encourage– Financial Times, in Ukraine, there ness skirmishes and sniper fire, as in August, the Chornobyl Ministry ment, saying that it would be follow– are reckoned to be about 700,000 ceasefires were often ignored. Al– of Ukraine signed a contract with ed by "vast support" from the inter- troops, including forces withdrawn though the residents of the area, Los Alamos Technical Associates national community, once Prime by Moscow from Germany, Hungary many of them Ukrainians, prayed for inc., to develop remedies for the Minister Leonid Kuchma's reform and Czech-Slovakia. Under agreed peace, Moldovan forces, encou– Chornobyl clean-up. program was implemented. manpower ceilings, these are due to raged by Romanian nationalists and Then, on October 16, faced with a be reduced to 450,000 in 1995. The At the beginning of the year, Trans-Dnistrian powers, fueled by dire shortage of energy, reactor No. official aim is a strength, by the end Ukraine said it would take on 16.37 Moscow's money and weapons, 3 of the Chornobyl plant was restart– of the decade, of 250,000, roughly percent of the foreign debt owed by continued to ravage the once-tran– ed in contravention of requests by equivalent to the United Kingdom's. the Soviet Union, but by the end of quil region. the European Community, in De– Most members of the military have the year, it had reached a temporary Ukraine continues to live with the cember, the No. 1 reactor was re- signed oaths of allegiance to U– agreement with Russia, agreeing to consequences of the 1986 Chor– started, also due to the shortage of kraine. Experts say some 10,000 give Moscow the right to manage its nobyl nuclear accident nuclear energy supplies, particularly follow– officers have refused and are due to S70 billion debt, in doing so, U– accident, in February, it was an– ing the reduction in supplies of leave. But, there may be up to kraine took a big step toward re- nounced that a second sarcophagus cheap oil and gas from Russia. The 200,000 Ukrainian officers currently solving an issue that has been a would have to be built over the one Ukrainian Parliament, it will be serving in other republics who are roadblock in Ukrainian-Russian presently encasing the crippled recalled, had voted in October 1991 eligible to return. relations. The agreement, reached fourth reactor at the power station. to close down the entire Chornobyl Ukraine's troops arrived in Sara– by the end of November, allows the The work is to be done by a French complex by the end of 1993. jevo, on July 29, as part of the United Paris Club to reschedule the debt Nations Peacekeeping forces in payments to Western nations. Yugoslavia, along with French, 1992 was also a year of firsts for Churches: spheres of influence Egyptian and Canadian servicemen. Ukraine, as citizens jubilantly cele– By the end of the year, three Ukrai– brated the first anniversary of Ukrai– With both the Ukrainian Auto– buildings and church property in nian soldiers had lost their lives nian independence on August 24 cephalous Orthodox and the Ukrai– western Ukraine continued between defending the citizens of this war- and later, perhaps without much nian Greek-Catholic Churches le– the Orthodox and Catholics in 1992, torn region of eastern Europe. fanfare, the first anniversary of the galized, and the Ukrainian Orthodox the most serious problem became By year's end, the United Nations historic referendum confirming U– Church becoming autonomous not inter-denominational but intra– established an interim office in Kiev, kraine's independence on Decem– of Moscow, it would seem that reli– denominational. very little of the ten– in accordance with an agreement berl. gious freedom had truly arrived in sion in the Orthodox Church center– signed by U.N. Secretary General However, the August 24 holiday Ukraine and that the faithful could ed on matters of doctrine and faith Boutros Boutros-Ghali and Ukrai– was dampened for members of the now concentrate on their spiritual -- the strife was between men of the nian Foreign Minister Anatoliy diaspora who gathered in Kiev at the growth and well-being. cloth who struggled to lead the more Zlenko on October 6. World Forum of Ukrainians. A state– Although qonftjcts concerning than 35 million who profess the No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992

1992: A LOOK BACK

Orthodox faith in Ukraine. onto the finances, real estate, the National Conference of Catholic Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church." The struggle began in the early churches and buildings he had Bishops' Office to Aid the Catholic Besides the Ukrainian Orthodox spring, as Metropolitan Filaret of under his jurisdiction as the prelate Church in Central and Eastern Eu– and Catholic faithful, a growing Kiev attempted to break free of of the Ukrainian Exarchate of the rope, including the former Soviet number of Protestant groups exist in Moscow only to be reprimanded by Russian Orthodox Church. Union. A 50,000-watt radio trans– Ukraine. According to Keston Patriarch Aleksey of the Russian Thus, a further schism has oc– mitter purchased for religious College, the Protestant communi– Orthodox Church and later defrock– curred between the Ukrainian Auto– broadcasts in Ukraine has been ties are noted for moral strictness, ed by a sobor of the ROC held on cephalous Orthodox Church, head– bought for the money, which will and the Protestant believers have a June 11 in Moscow. ed by Patriarch Mstyslav, and the also fund projects supporting semi– reputation for honesty and charity. ignoring Metropolitan Filaret Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the narians and publishing catechetical Statistics on the number of commu– Denysenko's fight with Moscow, Kiev Patriarchate, headed by Metro– materials. nities are not available. the Ukrainian Orthodox bishops of politan Filaret and Antoniy, who was in 1992, the Ukrainian Greek- Keston has also reported that the Ukrainian Autonomous Church once the locum tenens for Patriarch Catholic Church observed the cen– about 200 Roman Catholic parishes (formerly the ROC) held their own Mstyslav but was dismissed from the tennial of the birth of Patriarch exist in Ukraine; this year Pope John sobor in Kharkiv on May 27, electing episcopate by the patriarch on Josyf Slipyj. Cardinal Myroslav lvan Paul 11 appointed five bishops to Metropolitan volodymyr as their November 17. Lubachivsky launched yearlong organize dioceses. The Roman leader. He arrived in Kiev from Leaders in Ukrainian government festivities in February, which cul– Catholic faithful are mainly Poles Moscow, greeted by hundreds of circles, who claim a separation of minted in the transfer of the remains and Hungarians who live in Ukraine. Orthodox believers on June 20. Church and state, still hope that of this great Catholic leader and There is a substantial Jewish Although Metropolitan Filaret Patriarch Mstyslav and Metropolitan devoted son of Ukraine to Lviv. in community in Ukraine and recently continued to enjoy the support of Filaret can come to some under- keeping with his wishes and testa– synagogues have been reopened in President Leonid Kravchuk, as well standing for the good of the Ukrai– ment, the patriarch, who passed several cities - including two in as the Ukrainian Parliament's, whose nian Orthodox faith. But, as the year away in 1984, was reburied in the Kiev. The Ukrainian government has presidium voted not to accept the was coming to a close, the demands crypt of the Cathedral of St. George made notable efforts to cultivate decisions of the Kharkiv sobor, the by Patriarch Mstyslav to dismiss in Lviv. With great solemnity, res– good relations with lsrael and to faithful were overwhelmingly sup– both Metropolitan Filaret and An– pect and admiration, hundreds of reassure Jewish citizens (who have portive of Metropolitan volodymyr, toniy were rejected by a sobor of thousands honored the memory of been leaving the former Soviet who is a Ukrainian by birthright. bishops of the UOC-KP. The sobor the patriarch in late August. Al– Union in large numbers) that they "Of course we want to be inde– expressed full confidence in the though his remains were scheduled are fully welcome and secure in pendent, but this must be done leadership of the Church, elected by to lay in state for only two days, the Ukraine. canonically; we must follow the the sobor in late June, and cautioned special viewing at St. George's was Ukraine is also home to some rules of the Church. We will pray for that the holy patriarch's declara– extended for another eight days to Muslims, particularly in the Crimea, our independence," a spokesman tions are valid only if they are issued give the more than 1 million faithful where there are mosques and for Metropolitan volodymyr said with the consent of the Holy Synod who arrived in Lviv specifically to islamic schools. There are also soon after the prelate's arrival in and the Bishops' Sobor and signed pay tribute to the Ukrainian Church Buddhists and animists, though Kiev. To date, Metropolitan volo– by the patriarchal chancery in Kiev. leader to do so, before he was there seems to be no organized dymyr, whose residence is at the The resolution also contains an interred in the crypt. expression of these religions. historic Monastery of the Caves appeal to the patriarch not to exceed Another Ukrainian Greek-Catho– Outside the territory of Ukraine, in (Pecherska Lavra), enjoys authority his jurisdiction: Patriarch Mstyslav, lic Church leader, who played a Peremyshl, home to thousands of over the majority of Ukrainian Or– currently in Kiev, did not attend the significant role in keeping his faith– Ukrainians faithful, the Ukrainian thodox believers in Ukraine and has sobor of the UOC-KP. During the ful spiritually rich during the de- Greek-Catholic Eparchy of Peremy– garnered the support of 30 bishops, sobor, Metropolitan Filaret de– cades of the catacomb Ukrainian shl was made a suffragan diocese of claiming over 5,000 parishes. clared, "the Kiev Patriarchate will Catholic Church (1946-1988), Arch- the Archdiocese of Warsaw, by However, Metropolitan Filaret follow its own course in creating a bishop volodymyr Sterniuk, marked order of a papal bull. The Eparchy of was not going to relinquish the single Orthodox Church in Ukraine, his 85th birthday with a pontifical Peremyshl, the oldest Ukrainian power he had in Ukraine since the no matter what position Patriarch liturgy at St. George's. On this eparchy, is historically and canoni– early 1960s and in June, just one day Mstyslav chooses to adopt." occasion, he was greeted by Pope cally a suffragan of the Metropolitan before the sobor of the Ukrainian This indicates that he does not see John Paul ll. See of Lviv and an integral member Orthodox Church, now headed by Mstyslav as a serious opponent, but And, although the vatican has yet of the Ukrainian Catholic Church. Metropolitan volodymyr, Metropoli– he has to pay attention to the fact to recognize the Patriarchate of the The St. Sophia Religious Associa– tan Filaret joined forces with Metro– that of the 1,650 parishes of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, a new tion in Canada in March sent letters politan Antoniy of the Ukrainian UAOC, only 350 have registered as era of Ukraine-vatican relations to Ukrainian Catholic bishops ur– Autocephalous Orthodox Church, UOC-KP members. began in early 1992, as the two ging them to protest the pope's uniting his faction of the UOC with While the Ukrainian Orthodox states exchanged diplomatic notes order. the UAOC into one independent tackled their many problems, the "to foster bilateral ties for the bene– Back in the United States, Msgr. Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Kiev Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church fit of Catholics in Ukraine and of all Walter Paska was named auxiliary Patriarchate. attempted to expand its influence the Ukrainian people." bishop to U.S. Metropolitan-Arch– But this hasty move was done outside the traditional western The first synod of the Ukrainian bishop Stephen Sulyk of the Ukrai– without the consent of the head of Ukrainian stronghold, establishing Catholic Church since 1946 was nian Catholic Archdiocese of Phila– the UAOC, the 94-year-old Patriarch parishes in Kiev and eastern U– held on the territory of Ukraine on delphia. He was appointed by Pope Mstyslav, who has yet to recognize kraine. With more than 5 million May 18. Opened by Cardinal Luba– John Paul 11 on Feburary 4. the existence of this newest Church. faithful, it lacks enough priests to chivsky, it was attended by 28 of the And in celebration of the centen– Patriarch Mstyslav has kept his serve them adequately, but conti– 30 Ukrainian Catholic bishops in the nial of Ukrainians in Canada, Auxi– promise that the cannot cooperate nues to move along with a seminary world, in the synod's closing pasto– liary Bishop Myron Daciuk was or unite with Filaret, who through- in Lviv, which in the last academic ral letter, the bishops of the Church named Ukrainian Catholic eparch of out decades of Communist rule did year registered more than 330 stu– unanimously asked Pope John Paul Edmonton and installed on January little to inspire Christianity dents. Reopened by Archbishop 11 to finally "realize the decree of the 16. among the Ukrainian faithful. volodymyr Sterniuk in September Second vatican Council and, not Ukrainian Catholics in Canada Accused of being an agent of 1990 in Rudno, it also qualifies for a create, but rather recognize the suffered a loss for their Church with the KGB, Filaret continues to hold portion of the фб million donated by Kiev-Halych Patriarchate of the the death of Bishop Jerome Chimy of New Westminister who passed away on September 19, at the age of 73. Evangelical Baptists in the United States elected the Rev. Jaroslav Paprockyj of Philadelphia as presi– dent of the Ukrainian Evangelical Baptist Convention of Churches in the U.S.A. over Labor Day weekend, in Chicago. And the Ukrainian Orthodox com– munity in the United States named Archbishop Constantine,also of Chicago, as the new metropolitan for the United States. The sobor, held in South Bound Brook, N.J., on May 21-23, witnessed the establishment of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church's Kievan Patriar– chate and the proclamation of U– kraine's independence as a demo– Three Orthodox hierarchs (from left): Patriarch Mstyslav, Metropolitan Filaret and Metropolitan volodymyr. cratic nation. ю ^^^^THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 ^No. 52 1992: A LOOK BACK

^B' ing in Ukraine prompted the U.S. Lisa Donner, with the Canadian Biznes" heads for Ukraine Chamber of Commerce to establish Cooperative Association, wrote in a presence in Kiev on September 10. The Weekly's October 18 edition The lines of communication open– to ATAT or Sprint. The chamber's first president, the that credit unions in Ukraine have a ed between Ukraine and Western Other business competition also general manager of Johnson Wax in difficult road ahead of them: "Exist– business interests, literally and in flared anew in the lands above the Ukraine, James Shepard, explained ing state and commercial banks are other ways in 1992, as companies Black Sea this past year. Pepsi and that "the primary purpose of the not trusted by most people, many of began to capitalize on Ukraine's Coca Cola renewed their "cola chamber will be to provide commu– whom save in socks and mattresses, newly open markets. wars," when in early October Coke nications to American companies in order to be successful, credit Although the economy remains expanded its presence in the Ukrai– and assist in the development of unions will have to clearly distin– shaky at best and the political situa– nian market and, concurrently, be– their business." guish themselves from these institu– tion ever-changing, several large gan selling its products from kiosks tions." Canadians were also not to be Western firms decided to invest in various cities. held back. The Canadian Bank Note Finally, conferences in Canada money and time in this potential Pepsico., which was already out- Co. Ltd. was awarded a S27.8 million and the United States became a big market of 52 million people - what selling Coke about three to one, dollar (U.S.) contract to design and hit this year with Western and Ukrai– some economists have called the quickly reacted and announced on build printing plates for Ukraine's nian businessmen. largest new economic frontier in the October 22 it had entered into a new currency, the hryvnia, and then The Canada-Ukraine Business West. complex joint venture, whereby it to print 1.5 billion such notes. Ca– Council was organized as a result of Communications giant ATAT, with would invest S150 million and build nada's government agreed to fi– the Canada-Ukraine Economic its competitor, Sprint, running neck five additional bottling plants and nance the deal through its Export Conference, which first met on Feb– and neck, made the first major 100 new Pizza Huts, in return the Development Corporation. ruary 29. business investments of 1992 in cola producer will receive $1 billion in the United States, two major Ukraine on January 14. worth of shipping tankers built by A whole slew of business aid and conferences were held. The first- That day, AT4Tannounced the for– Ukraine to be sold by another part– investment efforts by Canadians ever meeting dealing with trade and mation of a joint venture company to ner in the venture, Fram Shipping were in place already by the begin– investment aimed at U.S. corpora– build, modernize and operate much Co. ning of this year. The government tions convened in Chicago on May of the communications network of Coca Cola has just recently coun– had targeted $5 million dollars for 18 and 19. The 114 participants, Ukraine. ATST, along with its part– ter-attacked, and in late December technical assistance for Ukraine; the including representatives of large ners PTT Telecom of the Nether- formed a joint venture with the Ukrainian Resource and Deveiop– U.S. corporation such as Abbott lands and the State Committee of Rosinka (Dewdrop) soft drink asso– ment Center at Edmonton's Grant Laboratories, Rockwell lnterna– Communications in Ukraine (joined ciation of Ukraine. MacEwan College had begun an tional and Bank of America, came to in August by the German firm Another firm, Otis Elevator Co., Agriculture Curriculum Develop– hear 22 speakers talk of business Deutsche Bundespost Telekom), which probably will deal with less ment Program; the Aetos lnterna– opportunities in Ukraine, it was explained the two-fold purpose of competition because it is by far the tional Training Group was upgrad– sponsored by the America-Ukraine the venture. First, it would develop a largest such firm in the world, ex- ing technology for the city of Khar– Business Council and a Chicago- new international network, directly pressed a heightened interest for kiv; and the Canadian Cooperatives based law firm, Hinshaw and Cul– connecting Ukraine to the rest of the doing business in Ukraine this past Association had begun working bertson. world and laying the foundation for year, it set up a joint venture with with Ukraine to develop a national Almost seven months later, the business and industrial expansion Ukrainian State Committee on credit union system. America-Ukraine Expo '92, held in in the country. Second, the venture Housing and Community Services This latter development spurred Las vegas on December 2 to 4, would construct a long distance to manufacture, sell, maintain and the World Council of Ukrainian signaled the end of a very busy year network connecting 13 of thecoun– modernize elevators in Ukraine. The Cooperatives to spend almost a for business in and about Ukraine. try's 25 telephone districts. company said it will eventually week in Ukraine at the tail end of Featuring three full days of exhibits, As ATAT set to building the com– employ 4,900 people and maintain February, its nine-member delega– briefings and seminars that discuss– munication infrastructure of U– elevators in Kiev, Donetske and tion offered recommendations ed investment opportunities in U– kraine, Sprint, a unit of United Kharkiv. Plans also call for the for the introduction of a credit kraine as well as government regu– Telecommunications, inc., an– construction of a 21,300-square– union system at the grassroots Jations, the show attracted nearly nounced direct-dial voice service foot factory. level. A second mission, held in 200 business persons. The AMUKE from the United States to the newly A tobacco giant also headed June, saw the creation of the first Group of San Francisco sponsored independent states once part of the for Ukraine in 1992. R.J. Reynolds credit unions -- the Construction the program, which was organized former Soviet Union, the first inter- Tobacco international purchased Workers Credit Union and one for by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce national telecommunications carrier two of Ukraine's four tobacco fac– medical professionals in Kryvyi Rih. and the Ukrainian government. to do so. tories in mid-September in a joint ATAT followed Sprint's lead on venture that gave it 70 percent May 19, making available more than ownership, with the government 400 circuits to over 2,000 cities in retaining the balance. The two fac– Multi-faceted aid to Ukraine Ukraine and other countries of the tories will supply a quarter of the former Soviet Union, by far the republic's tobacco needs. With the advent of an independ– to arrive in Kiev on February 13 and largest direct-dialing capacity of in one of the better quotes of the ent Ukraine on the world scene, aid 14, and similar shipments arrived in any long-distance carrier in the year, President Leonid Kravchuk, to the former Soviet republic in 1992 Kharkiv and Lviv on Feburary 12,17 region. who attended the announcement took on a new dimension as govern– and 18. While the two long-distance ceremonies, explained he was not a ment agencies and the private sec- Throughout the year, the United carriers cleared new paths in smoker and added, "But my son is tor scrambled to fill its many needs. States information Agency, an in- Ukraine, two others lost their way an enthusiastic smoker." The seasoned diaspora community dependent foreign affairs agency amidst confusion over terminology, The efficiency with which the continued to provide assistance, within the executive branch that history and arrogance. government and the firm concluded launching numerous new medical, supports U.S. foreign policy and AT4T phone calls to Ukraine that the contracts has also spurred a educational and embassy-related national security interests abroad previously were billed as to the sister division, RJR Nabisco, to projects, while private individuals through information programs, "Soviet Union" began to be billed invest in the processed food busi– began assistance-to-Ukraine pro– awarded various organizations and about mid-year as calls to "Ukraine." ness. jects of their own. foundations grants to pursue assis– However, Sprint and two other Food processing was the topic of tance projects for Ukraine. The carriers, МСІ and Allnet, changed business for a nine-day fact-finding Government grants, part of the U.S. govern– their designations from the "Soviet mission that visited Ukraine at the ment's technical assistance pro- Union" to "Russia." start of September. The group, On January 23 in Washington, a gram to the newly independent Sprint, after some prodding from consisting of U.S. Commerce De– 47-nation conference to coordinate states, are funded by the United the UNA'S Washington Office, said it partment officials and r^presenta– assistance to the newly independent States Agency for international would change the billing to "NlS," tives from private companies like AH states of the former Soviet Union Development (USAlD). which stands for newly independ– Grain and DowElanco, was there to launched the United States' "Opera– in September, the USlA awarded ent states. The firm explained that it determine the status of Ukraine s tion Provide Hope," which allocated the National Forum Foundation a could not bill naming the specific agricultural sector and the feasabi– $645 million to humanitarian, tech– ФЮО,ООО grant to develop a munici– states until each country chose indi– lity of doing business. nical, medical and agricultural assis– pal and public administration train– vidual country codes. Ford Motor Co. must have de– tance programs. ing program in Russia and Ukraine. The two other firms were inflex– cided business in Ukraine is feasible On February 10, the first in a The National Forum Foundation, a ible. Allnet, in glaring arrogance, - and hopefully profitable. Winner series of U.S. Air Force sorties of research and education organiza– simply said using "Russia" as the of Ukraine inc. became Ford's offi– medical and food shipments arrived tion located in Washington that billing term for calls to Ukraine was cial representative in Ukraine when in Kiev. The Operation Provide promotes political and economic its "policy" - and that was that! МСІ it opened offices in Kiev at the end of Hope shipments, which were deli– freedom programs in Central and explained the issue constituted September. Additional offices are vered to hospitals and orphanages, Eastern Europe and the former "nationalistic" and "ideological" planned next year for Lviv and contained Department of Defense Soviet Union, will develop a talent topics, and that it had no plans to Odessa. excess food and medical stocks and bank of American experts to con- make any changes. Hopefully, dias– The increasing numbers of U.S. included Operation Desert Storm duct the training program and place pora Ukrainians did the changing - business representatives enterpris– supplies. The shipments continued 18 American experts on site for a No. 52^^THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 ^11 1992: A LOOK BACK

period of 10 weeks to train city government officials. in October, the USlA awarded a S345,322 grant to the international Executive Service Corps, an organi– zation that recruits U.S. executives to volunteer for overseas manage– ment consulting assignments, to implement a one-year public policy and administration training program in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The І ESC project will provide workshops, internships and consultations in public policy and administration in Kharkiv, and will be assisted by Kharkiv's Sister City, Cincinnati. in November, the USlA awarded the lowa Peace institute of Grinnell, lowa, a S177,560 grant to implement a journalism exchange program for 15 students in Cherkasy. Co-spon– sored by the Cherkasy-lowa Agri- culture and Culture Center, the exchange program will provide in- tensive English-language study in Cherkasy and journalism intern- ships in the U.S. in May, the United States launch– ed its Peace Corps program in Ukraine, agreed to by Presidents George Bush and Leonid Kravchuk during the latter's May 6-11 visit to the U.S. The Ukraine program will ^ Bob Rash id focus strictly on small business A group of children from the radiation-affected Zhytomy r Oblast spent summer in the Ternopil area, where they were development, and is the first of its kind to be launched by the govern– examined by doctors of the Medical Clinic on Wheels. ment agency, in September, acting program between Ukraine and the zines arrived in Kiev in mid-Septem– projects: The World Health Organi– Peace Corps Director Barbara Zart– U.S. and donated three computer ber and were distributed to libraries zation's European Longitudinal man appointed Ukrainian American systems to the Drug, Corruption and in various oblasts. By the end of Study of Pregnancy and Childhood, Yaroslav l. Dutkewych of Michigan Organized Crime Enforcement De– 1992, two Western psychiatric ma– which includes the cities of Kiev, Ukraine's Peace Corps director, !n partment of the Security Service of nuals were to be published in Ukrai– Lviv, Dniprodzerzhynske, lvano– November, the Peace Corps' first 60 Ukraine. nian and distributed free of charge Frankivske and Mariupil; the Cher– volunteers and Mr. Dutkewych The mission has donated over 1 among Ukrainian psychiatrists. nivtsi alopecia outbreak and a U.S. arrived in Kiev. million Ukrainian-language Bibles The U.S.-Ukraine Foundation of National Cancer institute study of in September, USAlD and the and biblical children's literature to Washington and lndiana University thyroid cancer related to Chor– American international Health Al– Ukraine and $100,000 to the chil– organized a Conference on Ameri– nobyl. UEHP faculty are drawn from liance launched a health-care part– dren's textbook project of the Co- can Economic Governance in Sep– the University of lllinois, Rush– nership program between hospitals ordinating Committee to Aid U– tember for a delegation of Ukrai– Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical in the U.S. and the newly inde– kraine. nian parliamentarians headed by Center, Loyola University, Argonne pendent states. The University of The Ukrainian Renaissance Foun– Parliament Chairman lvan Pliushch. National Laboratory, the University Pennsylvania Medical Center, the dation, a joint venture between the The 15-day program provided a of Toronto Faculty Chomobyl Pro– Pennsylvania Hospital and Chil– Soros Foundation, Zelenyi Svit, the forum for the Ukrainian parliamen– ject and the University of Bristol. dren's Hospital of Philadelphia will Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Lan– tarians to study economic policy- Penn State's College of Agricul– forge a partnership with the Ukrai– guage Society and the Ukrainian making with their American coun– tural Sciences established a co- nian State Medical University, Kiev Cultural Fund that sponsors pro- terparts. operative program with the Ukrai– Children's Hospital No. 2 and the grams promoting the building of an The foundation also established nian Agricultural Academy in June Kiev Obstetrical and Gynecological open, democratic society, conti– the Pylyp Orlyk institute for Demo– which fosters faculty and scientist Hospital No. 3. Philadelphia physi– nued to award numerous grants for cracy, a public policy research exchanges between the two institu– cians, hospital administrators, educational, media and civil service organization, and reference library tions. A center for Ukrainian Agri- nursing and technical staff will projects. Established in April 1990, at the U.S.-Ukraine Center in Kiev. culture was established at Penn assist their Ukrainian partners on a the Renaissance Foundation cur– The center is staffed by eight per– State with S100,000 donated by the volunteer basis in establishing rently has offices in K:ev, Kharkiv, sons who assist the Washington family of Alex and Helen Woskob. model programs in the fields of Donetske and Lviv. in 1991, S2-3 office with a Washington-Kiev "De– in 1992, the Children of Chor– prenatal diagnosis, perinatology million in funding wa; approved. mocracy Hotline," an electronic nobyl Relief Fund of Short Hills, and neonatology. The foundation sponso: s the Coun– mail hook-up that facilitates com– N.J., collected and shipped close to cil of Advisors to the F residium of munication between Ukrainian 180 tons of medical equipment and Private sector the Supreme Council о Ukraine. policy-makers and Western advi– supplies aboard three Mria airlifts The Sabre Foundatio і of Somer– sors. and two commercial air shipments Thoughts of Faith, an Evangelical ville, Mass., continued t ship books The National Forum Foundation to Ukraine. CCRF, which sponsors Lutheran mission to Ukraine run by to its Lviv affiliate, Sabre -Svitlo, and opened up its Central and Eastern the Lviv Regional Specialized Chil– Pastor John Shep, a Ukrainian in October sent 1,480 Western civi– European institute Program to U– dren's Hospital for Chornobyl Pro– American, organized and funded lization, political science and Eng– kraine in May. Ukrainian interns are btems, the Ukrainian National On– numerous medical and social ser– lish-as-a-second-language text- given hands-on experience in the cological Center in Kiev, the Kiev vice projects in 1992. in January, books to the University of Kiev– fields of journalism, public ad- institute for Pediatrics, Obstetrics Thoughts of Faith sponsored 120 Mohyla Academy. Sabre also do– ministration and business in five- and Gynecology and the Kharkiv orphans from Ternopil to spend four nated subscriptions to Ukraine to week postings throughout the Dispensary for Radiation Protec– months with foster families in the numerous journals and publica– United States. The NFF also in– tion, also began a training program Chicago area. tions: seven different physics jour– augurated an American volunteers in the U.S. for physicians from the in March it launched a "Medical nals from the American Physical for international Development pro- Lviv hospital. The program offers 30 Clinic on Wheels" project conceived Society, eight subscriptions to gram that posts American experts in Ukrainian doctors with diverse spe– by Dr. Stephen Dudiak and his wife, astrophysics journals from the Ame– Ukraine for three months to provide cializations an opportunity to learn Lusia. The project provides mobile rican Academy of Arts a id Science on-site training in governance, the latest treatment and diagnostic medical and dental care in the Ter– and 50 subscriptions to the New media management and business techniques developed in the U.S. for nopil area and utilizes two 35-foot– England Journal of Med cine. development. up to one year. long mobile units equipped with The Amsterdam-based Geneva The University of lllinois School This year, the CCRF was the examining rooms and laboratory initiative on Psychiatry, И conjunc– of Public Health in Chicago or– beneficiary of a book-a-thon fund- equipment. Medical care is provided tion with the independent Ukrainian ganized a consortium of academic raising drive held at the Bucking- by volunteer physicians from the Psychiatric Association, launched a institutions in the U.S. and abroad to ham, Brown and Nichols Lower U.S. and two Ternopil pediatricians. psychiatry book and magazine drive participate in the Ukrainian Environ– School outside of Boston. Close to Thoughts of Faith was instrumen– to stock four new psychiatric-medi– mental Health Project in June. The 170 school children collected tal in assisting in the creation of a cal libraries in Ukraine. The bulk of UEHP faculty collaborate with their pledges for every hundred pages law enforcement officials exchange the 120 boxes of books and maga– Ukrainian counterparts in three they read, raising over ф 14,000 for 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 No. 52 1992: A LOOK BACK the victims of the Chornobyl nuclear versity of Pittsburgh donated their relations between our two coun– member. Ukraine will also be allow– disaster. time to travel to Ukraine in Novem– tries, our two independent coun– ed up to $3 billion in borrowing The Coordinating Committee to ber 1991 to examine the children; tries," stated Mr. Gundersen who, authority. Aid Ukraine created the Foundation preliminary results from the re- throughout 1991, witnessed the At the invitation of Secretary of in Support of Diplomatic Missions of search expedition were announced birth of the new nation from his Defense Richard Cheney, Ukrainian Ukraine in April. The foundation, to the community on May 17. position as U.S. consul general in Minister of Defense Konstantyn registered with the Justice Depart– Michigan chapters of the Rotary Kiev. Morozov arrived in Washington on ment as an agent of a foreign gov– Club and World Blindness Out- Minister Zlenko used the oppor– April 11. Two days later he was ernment, was established to raise reach inc. sponsored a two-week tunity to announce the formation of greeted with full military honors, funds for the purchase of buildings cataract surgery mission to Kiev in an advance team to organize the including a 19-gun salute, at the to house Ukraine's Embassy in the October. The eight-person medical Ukrainian Embassy in the United Pentagon by Secretary Cheney, U.S. and its Mission to the United team performed an estimated 150 States. The team consisted of Serhiy Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Nations, in addition to diplomatic eye surgeries free of charge. The Kulyk as charge d'affaires and lhor Colin Powell, and other high-rank– residences, furnishings, automo– U.S. team was hosted by the Kiev Dunaisky as consular officer. Mr. ing military officials, in addition to biles and libraries. By the end of the Rotary Club, chartered on May 9. Kulyk was then serving at the Ukrai– the meetings with Defense Depart– year the foundation had raised nian Mission to the United Nations, ment officials and official functions S550,000. individuals while Mr. Dunaisky, a Ukrainian such as wreath-laying ceremonies The CCAU also coordinated a foreign service officer, was detailed at the Taras Shevchenko statue and textbook project for school children Lydia Shulakewych, president of to the former Soviet Embassy in the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in in Ukraine. The 80-member Ukrai– the Alberta Branch of the Ukrainian Washington. Washington, Minister Morozov and nian Seniors Society of Miami do– Canadian Congress, and Michael Two weeks later the White House his delegation traveled to various nated S250,000; the Thoughts of Shulakewych, executive director of announced the choice of a Ukrai– military installations around the Faith mission donated SlOO,OOO; the St. Michael's Extended Care Center nian American, Roman Popadiuk, as country. Those facilities included Ukrainian National Association in Edmonton, organized a "Na Zdo– President Bush's nominee for the the Air Force Academy, the U.S. gave ф50,000; and the CCAU raised rovia" (To Health) project to fill the first U.S. ambassador to Ukraine. Space Command, the North Ameri– ^50,000. Thecolorful Ukrainian- world's second largest cargo plane, Mr. Popadiuk, a career foreign ser– can Air Defense Command and language books include a primer for the Ruslan, with medical supplies vice officer, had served as President Nellis Air Force Base, where the beginning readers, reading books and equipment bound for Ukraine in Bush's deputy press secretary be- minister, an air force general, had an for grades 2-4 and a summer reader May. fore his nomination as ambassador. opportunity to fly a U.S. fighter for primary school students. The Senate confirmed Mr. Popadiuk aircraft. Americans for Human Rights in in the spring, Dr. William Green of as U.S. ambassador to Ukraine on the Alberta vocational College Ukrainian Ambassador to the Ukraine devoted much of this year May 25. Arriving in Kiev on June 8, United States Dr. Oleh Bilorus ar– to preparatory work for the Earth launched the Ukraine Project, an he presented his credentials to English-language book drive to be rived in Washington on April 28. On Summit in Brazil by organizing President Leonid Kravchuk the May 5, just hours prior to the arrival press conferences at the United donated to Ukraine. With theaward– following day. ing of а фІЗ,ООО grant from the of the Ukrainian president in Wash– Nations during PrepCom iv and By early February, the Ukrainian ington, Dr. Bilorus presented his sponsorsing two members of Ze– Canadian government in November, 40 tons of textbooks and reference Embassy advance team had begun credentials to President Bush, thus lenyi Svit to the U.N. and the Earth work on the establishment of a full becoming the first fully accredited Summit. AHRU sent a memorandum material collected for the project will be shipped to Ukraine. embassy. Operating out of office Ukrainian ambassador to the U.S. and Zelenyi Svit reports on the state space donated by George Chopiv– Later that day, President Krav– of ecology in Ukraine and the after- Drs. Jerry Mihaychuk and John sky, the two-man advance team, chuk arrived at Andrews Air Force effects of the Chornobyl disaster to Kulick of Parma launched the Den– working with the UNA Washington Base for his third face-to-face meet– all 175 U.N. members participating tal Relief Project, which will esta– Office, began searching for its own ing with President Bush. Upon ar– in the Earth Summit. blish "pilot clinics" in Kiev, Lviv, office space. Since Ukraine was rival by helicopter at the Pentagon, The Philadelphia-based Ukrai– Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovskeand Cher– short on hard currency, commit– the Ukrainian president was met by nian Human Rights Committee in nivtsi. They and eight other Ameri– ments for financial assistance were Secretary Baker amid full military 1992 switched gears to focus on can dentists will provide Ukrainian made by the Ukrainian American honors including a 21-gun salute. agrarian and economic reform and dentists with instruction on Western community through the Coordinat– President Kravchuk and Secretary renamed itself Ukraine Aid. The procedure and use of Western ing Committee to Aid Ukraine. Baker immediately proceeded to an organization is currently working to equipment. The two dentists also in a February 27 announcement, office in downtown Washington creat a model farm in the village of organized the donation of over 21 President Bush stated he had in– where the president cut a blue-and– Matiushi in the Bila Tserkva region tons of dental equipment and sup- vited President Kravchuk to visit yellow ribbon formally establishing that could later serve as a prototype plies which was shipped to Ukraine Washington on May 6. This was the the first U.S. Embassy in Washing- for privatization. The project's ulti– aboard the Mria in August. Ukrainian president's second trip to ton. After speeches and toasts, mate plan is to give each family in Dr. William Selezinka, an ophtha– the United States in eight months, they inaugurated the embassy guest the model farm two hectares of land mologist from Bethesda Eye lnsti– but his first trip as presidentof an book with their signatures. to farm or sell. tute at St. Louis University School of independent nation recognized by The following day entailed numer– The Canadian Friends of Rukh Medicine, personally delivered 400 the United States. ous meetings with President Bush, established a Rukh Peace Corps pounds of medical supplies and in New York, Ambassador Gen– vice-President Dan Quayle, Secre– during the summer, placing volun– equipment to the University of nadiy Udovenko, a long-time repre– tary Baker, Secretary Cheney and teers in various government agen– lvano-Frankivske Hospital, where he sentative of Ukraine at the United Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady, cies, ministries and organizations in remained for several days to teach Nations and temporary representa– in a public ceremony in the White Kiev for a period of six months to a the Ukrainian ophthamologists how tive of Ukraine to the United States, House East Room, the two presi– year. to use the supplies. was bidding farewell to the Ukrai– dents signed three agreements, Friends of Rukh of northern New Yarema Harabatch, a sculptor nian American community. The including one granting Ukraine Jersey focused their efforts on from Germantown, Md., created a ambassador was recalled to Kiev to "most favored nation" status, funding Ukrainian students' TOEFL non-profit organization in the U.S. help develop a professional foreign another making Ukraine eligible for tests and providing supplemental called "UkraineAid" to assist the service corps. On March 18, the new the Overseas Private investment financial aid to Ukrainian students Bavarian Red Cross in delivering Ukrainian representative to the Corporation's (ОРІС) programs, studying in the U.S. medical equipment to Ukraine. United Nations, Ambassador viktor and a third on the Peace Corps. The Pittsburgh-area Ukrainian Ameri– in October, Roman Melnyk, exe– Batiuk, arrived in New York toconti– busy day concluded with a visit to cans organized a medical research cutive director of Media Operations nue the work of his predecessor. Camp David for further meetings mission in the radioactively conta– for the Canadian Broadcasting While Boryspil Airport began followed by a Congressional recep– minated towns of Narodychi and Corp. and a long-time member of issuing Ukrainian visas last year, on tion in the U.S. Capitol organized by Poliske that determined that triple the Canadian Friends of Rukh exe– February 15, the Foreign Ministry the UNA Washington Office. the number of eye abnormalities cutive, arranged for eight television announced that seven additional The Washington visit also in– exist in children living in conta– and documentary film workers from international entry points in Ukraine cluded a press conference at the minated areas. Sixteen doctors and Ukraine to work at a Toronto-area also would issue visas. Less than a National Press Club, appearances technicians from the Graduate CBC newsroom, Tv Ontario, Multi- month later, on March 10, the Ukrai– on CNN and McNeil-Lehrer, a State School of Public Health at the Uni– lingual Tv and "Kontakt." nian Embassy in Washington was Department luncheon hosted by tasked with yet another function, Secretary Baker, a meeting with the that of issuing visas to Ukraine. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, and a United States: Ukraine arrives U.S. Embassy in Kiev began issuing breakfast meeting with former Na– non-immigrant visas for travel to the tional Security Advisor Zbigniew by Eugene lwanciw ceremony at the Ukrainian Ministry United States on July 29. Brzezinski. The Ukrainian president UNA Washington Office of Foreign Affairs, Ukrainian Foreign Ukrainian Finance Minister Hry– then traveled to Texas, lowa, New Minister Anatoliy Zlenko and U.S. horiy Pyatachenko met with officials York and Pennsylvania. While the United States recog– Charge d'Affaires Jon Gundersen of the international Monetary Fund Early in the year, President Bush nized the independence of Ukraine exchanged diplomatic notes and (lMF) and the World Bank on April 8 submitted legislation called the on Christmas Day, 1991, official toasts regarding full diplomatic and announced, in a press confer– "Freedom for Russia and Emerging diplomatic relations were establish– relations between the two nations, "l ence that the lMF had unanimously Eurasian Democracies and Open ed in Kiev on January 23. At a welcome the birth of diplomatic voted to accept Ukraine as a full Markets (FREEDOM) Support Act" No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 13 1992: A LOOK BACK Project For Peace and U.S. Baltic United States is preparing for the Foundation - were added the leadership of a new president and Ukrainian Congress Committee of administration, and a Congress with America, Hungarian American 120 new members. Ukraine, having Coalition, Polish American Con– firmly established its place in the gress, National Federation of Ame– world community, is preparing to rican Hungarians and Congress of build on its existing relationship Romanian Americans. The coalition with the United States. And, the will be working to brief the new Ukrainian American community, administration and Congress on having lobbied so long in Washing- issues of concern to East European ton for Ukrainian independence, is Americans. now shifting to a new role in Ameri– can politics and a different relation- As 1992 comes to an end, the ship with Ukraine. Canada: contacts and controversy To begin the year, Canada's min– funds remaining from the referen– ister of external affairs, Barbara dum campaign. The accusers sug– McDougall, formalized diplomatic gested that the funds were with– relations with Ukraine during a trip drawn because of the CFR national to Kiev, on January 26-27. She executive's antipathy to vyacheslav arrived coincidental^ with a Cana– Chornovil and opposition to his which provided the legal basis for would fund a major repair and dian Red Cross shipment of candidacy for the Rukh chair. aid to the nations of the former renovation program for the Shev– humanitarian aid. On March 24, Mr. Huculak called a Soviet Union. Despite prodding chenko monument in Washington. A policy forum of Ukrainian and press conference to give his inter– from the administration, Congress Present at the announcement, made Canadian government officials and pretation of events. He said the proceeded slowly on the proposals. at the foot of the statue, were Secre– businessmen took place in Ottawa, funds were returned at the request Action finally came on July 2, when tary of veterans' Affairs Edward on February 21. An address was of Rukh representatives in Ukraine, the Senate passed the legislation by Derwinski, Dr. volodymyr Zabihaylo delivered by Bohdan Krawchenko, not in response to a demand from a vote of 76-20. The House of Repre– of the Ukrainian Embassy, and Eu– director (on leave) of the Canadian the CFR, and that the return of the sentatives, where the vote was ex– gene lwanciw and Marrjka Lischak institute of Ukrainian Studies and money was in accordance with an pected to be close, passed the bill on of the UNA Washington Office, member of the Council of Advisors agreement made when the funds August 6 by a vote of 255-164. which had alerted Secretary Lujan to the Ukrainian Parliament, in were initially turned over to Rukh. However, it took until early October to the situation. which he stressed the "need to make Mr. Huculak's account was also before the two houses worked out On October 2, Ukraine expanded direct access to Ukraine a reality published in the March 26 issue of the differences between the respec– its representation in the United and not ghettoize our contact," and The Globe and Mail. tive bills and enacted the legislation States with the establishment of a ensure that Canadians of all ethnic in late May, incoming Ambassa– signed into law on October 24. Consulate in Chicago. Foreign Min– backgrounds make their presence dor Levko Lukianenko was feted at a The appropriation for the legisla– ister Zlenko dedicated the new felt in the newly independent coun– triple-occasion banquet, honoring tion was signed into law on October consulate and announced that Ana– try. Many speakers alluded to the the new envoy, Canada's 125th 6. it provides Ф417 million in huma– toliy Oliynyk would be the first need to increase Canada's Embassy anniversary, and the centennial of nitarian and technical assistance for consul-general. Minister Zlenko staff in Kiev, and move them out of a Ukrainian settlement in Canada. Mr. the newly independent states. The then proceeded to Washington for a hotel and into proper facilities. Lukianenko was officially installed Freedom Support Act also autho– series of follow-up meetings with Nestor Gayowsky, who served as on June 16. rizes S800 from the Department of U.S. government officials. Canada's representative in the in early June, the national UCC Defense budget to assist NlS na– While Ukraine is now independ– Ukrainian capital since January set up a non-charitable fund (be– tions in the dismantling of nuclear ent, the repression and persecution 1991, was upgraded to charge cause of the political nature of the weapons and S12.3 billion as the Ukrainians underwent during Soviet d'affaires in Kiev in February, and cause) to provide the Ukrainian U.S. contribution to the lMF, based rule has not been forgotten. On then replaced when Francois Embassy in Canada with an appro– on which the lMF will be empowered October 20, Sen. Alfonse D'Amato Mathys, a career diplomat; with a priate location and independent to create currency stabilization (R-N.Y.) called on President Bush to record of intercessions on behalf of staff. By mid-July фЗОО,ООО had funds. Rep. Mary Rose Oakar (D– issue a proclamation commemora– Ukrainian dissidents, was appointed been raised. The amount doubled Ohio) included an amendment in ting the 60th anniversary of the man- Canada's first ambassador in thanks to a grant from an entre– the legislation that specifically tar– made famine in Ukraine during August. Mr. Gayowsky stayed on as preneur, and then the troubles geted Ukraine as a recipient for such 1932-1933. chief of the trade desk. began. a fund. The bill also mandated assis– While Ukraine was establishing in February, the location of Oleh Romaniw, a Winnipeg lawyer tance for the victims of Chornobyl. itself as an independent nation and Ukrainian Canadian Congress representing the UCC, said that the During the summer, the Nuclear initiating diplomatic relations with headquarters engendered another organization was opting out of the Regulations Subcommittee of the the rest of the world, U.S. attention round in the ongoing east-west purchase of a targeted building in Senate Environment and Public was focused on the American presi– conflict within the Ukrainian September, at a time when S1.2 Works Committee held a hearing dential race. During the primary Canadian community, with the million had already been raised. The specifically on Chornobyl. The July season, Republican presidential question of the new diplomatic dispute centered on pricing irregu– 22 hearing, chaired by Sens. Bob candidate Patrick Buchanan ad- presence in Ottawa as the flash larities, in which Mr. Huculak of the Graham (D-Fla.) and Joseph Lieber– dressed the concerns of Ukrainian point, lhor Bardyn, a vice-president CFR appeared to be implicated. Mr. man (D-Conn.), heard testimony Americans during a visit to the of the UCC, claimed that it should be Huculak then diffused the situation from Dr. Zenon Matkiwsky of the Ukrainian Cultural Center in Chi– moved to Ottawa because of the somewhat by purchasing the Met– Children of Chornobyl Relief Fund, cago. Gov. Bill Clinton, seeking to arrival of the independent state's calfe Street property outright for the Dr. Murray Feshbach of George- entice the traditionally Republican representatives in the capital and a higher price. town University, Dr. Wladimir Ukrainian vote, raised the issue of greater probable concentration of On September 29-October 1, Ca– Wertelecky of the University of Ukraine during his August 13speech trade and other delegations there. nada's titular head of state, Gover– South Alabama and Dr. Fred Mettler in Los Angeles at the World Affairs Dmytro Cipywnyk, the outgoing nor General Ramon Hnatshyn, visit– of the University of New Mexico Council. He again discussed U– UCC president, countered that this ed the land of his forebears to Medical School. New evidence of kraine during his meeting with was an age-old prejudice that ig– emphasize Canada's commitrpent the aftereffects of the 1986 Chor– ethnic leaders in Milwaukee on nored the reality of where the bulk of to "the new partnership between our nobyl nuclear accident was present– October 2. the Ukrainian population in Canada two nations" and unveil a program ed to the Senate panel. Late in the year, the UNA Wash– lives and has lived. that will place about 200 Canadians in early September, a delegation ington Office revitalized and ex– ! The independence referendum in Ukraine's public administration, of 10 Ukrainian parliamentarians, panded the ethnic coalition which in campaign had been assisted by agricultural and health sectors. A headed by Supreme Council Chair- 1991 successfully sponsored legis– emigre individuals and organiza– statue honoring Mr. Hnatyshyn was man lvan Pliushch, visited Washing- lation requiring that U.S. aid to the tions, and their support left a con– unveiled in Saskatoon in Septem– ton after spending time in Ohio and Soviet Union be delivered directly to troversial legacy. Erast Huculak, ber. visiting the UNA estate, Soyuzivka. the republics. To the original coali– national president of the Canadian The tr^^eksrftfigress of the UCC The U.S. information Agency tion members - the Ukrainian Na– Friends of Rukh, was embroiled in a was held on October 8-11, at which (USlA)-funded program was spon– tional Association, Armenian As– story that broke on the pages of Mr. Romaniw was elected president, sored by lndiana University and sembly of America, Congress of Canada's "national newspaper," defeating John Gregorovich, chair- focused on the operations of the Russian-Americans, Estonian Ame– The Globe and Mail (March 18). man of the Toronto-based Civil U.S. government. rican National Council, Joint Baltic Parties on both sides of the ocean had Liberties Commission of the UCC. On September 23, Secretary of American National Committee, 1 alleged that the national chapter of The congress was also attended by the interior Manuel Lujan an– American Latvian Association, CFR blackmailed the Ukrainian Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mul– nounced that the U.S. government Lithuanian-American Community, coalition into returning surplus roney, which provoked a debate on 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. DECEMBER 27,1992 No. 52 1992: A LOOK BACK

the issue of redress for the intern– Gregorovich, were suggested by living in the diaspora communities million people of Ukraine. The fo– rnent of Ukrainian Canadians during some as possible factors. Contacted of North America, Australia and rum issued a manifesto of unity in the first world war. by The Weekly near press time, Mr. Western Europe could afford to support of Ukraine's independent The assembly, dominated by the Gregorovich declined to comment contribute S1 per month to this statehood and created a worldwide "Big Six" organizations, rejected beyond stating that a meeting with fund aimed at helping provide coordinating body for Ukrainian proposals for the democratization of UCC national officers wastentative– diverse social services in Ukraine. communities. the organization's representation, ly scheduled for January, 1993. By year's end, we could report that a The forum was held in conjunc– structure and voting procedures. The Ukrainian consular office in network of social service groups tion with the first anniversary cele– This was in stark contrast to calls Toronto, housed in offices donated had been formed throughout U– brations of the Ukrainian Parlia– issued by Ukrainian Ambassador by the Ukrainian Canadian Art kraine and that individual branches ment's adoption of the Act of De– Lukianenko, also in attendance, and Foundation, was officially opened in Ukraine were being paired with claration of Ukraine's lndepend– a paper presented by Professor on December 19. social service and other organiza– ence on August 24,1991. During the Wsewolod lsajiw of the University of This year's centennial of Ukrai– tions of the diaspora to facilitate same period, the Ukrainian National Toronto, who spoke of the UCC's nian settlement in Canada comme– tighter contacts and more direct Republic's government in exile, organizational decay, and criticized morations included the Art and assistance. And, the World Council headed by MykolaPlawiuk, present– its ossified leadership and constitu– Ethnicity exhibit in Hull, Quebec, at of Ukrainian Social Services noted ed its charter, i.e. its mandate to tional inflexibility. Prof, lsajiw also the ultra-modern earth-contoured that it is planning to promote similar represent the interests of the Ukrai– sounded the alarm on the gradual Canadian Museum of Civilization; social service organizations in nian nation, to the democratically abandonment of multicultural poli– the Spirit of Ukraine exhibit at the Eastern Europe and South America elected president of Ukraine, Leonid cies by the Canadian government Art Gallery of Hamilton and the to assist Ukrainian communities in Kravchuk. The ceremony took place and urged the UCC to take a firm Winnipeg Art Gallery, which fea– Poland, Romania, the Czech and on August 22, during a special stand on the issue. He further con- tured priceless ancient icono– Slovak republics, the former Yugo– session of Ukraine's SupremeCoun– tended that the UCC must lobby to graphy, a powerful Shevchenko slavia, Brazil, Argentina, etc. cil held at the Ukraina Palace with provide for the continuing influx of self-portrait, and a breathtaking The World Congress of Free U– the participation of numerous guests Ukrainian immigrants if thecommu– constellation of modern Ukrainian krainians, too, found that it had to from the Ukrainian diaspora. nity wishes to remain viable in art from the 1910-1930s; a special focus more attention on these com– Plast, the scouting-based Ukrai– Canada. program at the Dauphin festival in munities, especially as Ukrainian nian youth organization, marked the During the policy forum held August; and a special issue of communities in Eastern Europe 80th anniversary of its founding in earlier in the year, Oleksiy Rodio– "Prairie Fire" (Autumn 1992), de- began to get involved in the world- Lviv in 1911 with a two-week inter- nov, a former member of the USSR voted to the work of Canadian wide body and to establish contacts n^tional jamboree in upstate New embassy's staff now part of the writers of Ukrainian background, with their brethren in the West. York at the vovcha Tropa campsite, Ukrainian contingent, had raised among others. The situation was particularly as well as specialized camps held in eyebrows with his suggestion that acute in the territories once part of various venues throughout the Mr. Lukianenko had declined an the federal state of Yugoslavia, as Northeast, from the Catskills of New offer to serve as Ukraine's ambas– CELEBRATE that country disintegrated and its York state to Lake Ontario in Ca– sador to Canada. Then came sug– many ethnic groups found them– nada. The jamboree brought toge– gestions that Mr. Rodionov had selves in the middle of a civil war. ther more than 650 youths, 100 been involved in improprieties sur– The 50,000 Ukrainian residents of counselors and countless guests rounding the embassy purchase, in the region were among the nationa– from the U.S., Canada, Germany, October things came to a head lities victimized by Serbs and Croa– Poland, the Czech and Slovak re- when Ambassador Lukianenko tians. Hundreds were killed, thou– publics, Australia, Great Britain, dismissed Mr. Rodionov and Evhen sands were terrorized and driven Brazil and Ukraine, where Plast had Kutcher for conduct unbecoming to from their homes, in August it was been renewed in 1990. embassy staff, charging them with reported that in Bosnia alone more public drunkenness and "spying." than 500 Ukrainians had been killed in the United States and Canada, The two former consular officers and that the Ukrainian Catholic Ukrainian community leaders had to initially disappeared, failed to use Church in Prjnavor had been des– ponder the results of recent census– tickets issued them by the Ukrainian ;troyed. A "Ukrainians in Bosnia es taken in both countries which foreign ministry for a return to Relief Fund" was established in showed the changing faces of the Ukraine, and then filed claims for June in Canada, based at St. John Ukrainian "hromadas" there, in the Canadian citizenship. These events Л І т т Я the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic U.S., statistics pointed to a migra– soured the atmosphere as the Ukrai– Church in Ottawa. Later in the year, tion of Ukrainians from previous І 1 8 9 1 u 1 9 9 1 centers of community life, as well as nian Embassy in Ottawa was for– 1 18 9 2 19 9 2 in November, the Ukrainian Central mally opened on December 1, with a Refugee Organization in Austria an increase in the number of Ukrai– new staff. issued a plea for help for Ukrainian nians in the country as a whole. The population growth, from 730,056 in A cloud also hung over the UCC І Ф refugees from Bosnia-Herzegovina 1980 to 740,803 in 1990, is probably as the national executive attempted who had escaped to that country. 100-ЛІТТЯ УКРАЇНЦІВ due to a small increase in immigra– to disband the Civil Liberties Corn- У КАНАДІ The organization's letter was ac– tion as well as to increased ethnic mission in late October, amid suspi– ш companied by a heart-rending letter awareness due to events in the cions that the move was politically CENTENNIAL OF from a Ukrainian community activist UKRAINIANS IN CANADA former Soviet Union, in Canada, motivated, increasing criticism from in Bosnia. 'Two hundred Ukrainian m statistics showed a population and the CLC's research director, Prof. families live in an oasis of extinc– CENTENAIRE DES cultural decline between the cen– Lubomyr Luciuk, and the presiden– UKRAlNlENS AU CANADA tion. They cannot help themselves. suses of 1986 and 1991. in Metro tial challenge by its chairman, Mr. They can only be rescued by their brethren who live in the free world. Toronto, for example, the number of We ask for help to emigrate to persons listing Ukrainian as their Doings in the diaspora Australia, or Canada, or anywhere," native language declined by 15.5 he wrote. percent. The Ukrainian diaspora began the Ukraine's ambassador to the United There were other developments in As the year drew to a close, it was year with jubilation, marking the74th Nations, viktor Batiuk. in exchange, the diaspora as well. clear to all observers and commu– anniversary of the January 22,1918, the ambassador presented the city The World Forum of Ukrainians nity activists that, with the inde– proclamation of Ukraine's inde– with a new flag from independent brought representatives of Ukrai– pendence of Ukraine, the relation- pendence while still buoyed by the Ukraine. nian diaspora communities to Kiev ship between the homeland and the success of the December 1, 1991, The euphoria over newly regained on August 21-24 for presentations diaspora had changed and, as a referendum on the country's newly independence was soon tempered, by representatives of the 10-million result, there was a need to reassess re-established independent state- however, by the realization that after strong diaspora of the East and priorities and address pressing hood. Everywhere celebrations of the proclamation of independence West, and, of course, of the 5k! issues both there and here. the January anniversary took on an would have to come a protracted entirely new meaning and signifi– period of nation-building. The dias– cance. pora helped the fledgling state as it initiatives in education in New Haven, Conn., for example, could (see sections on aid to U– the blue-and-yellow flag of free kraine, the United States, and Ca– An area that deserves special rative projects and educational and Ukraine was raised for the 39th time nada). focus this year is the field of educa– scholarship initiatives. since the city became thevf і rst in the Among the simple ways that each tion and scholarly activity. it is investment in this field that U.S. to annually display that banner and every Ukrainian around the Ukraine's independence, the new may well have the most far-reach– each January 22. Later in the year, world could help was by contri– reform impulse coming from the ing effects for Ukraine's future. on the occasion of the first anni– buting to the "ф1 Fund for Ukraine" Ministry of Education, and the need versary of the August 24, 1991, established by the World Council of to restructure educational institu– institutional changes proclamation of an independent Ukrainian Social Services which is tions throughout Ukraine have given Ukrainian state, city officials pre– affiliated with the World Congress of impetus to a whole range of scholar– The nomination of Petro Ta!an– sented the original flag used in 1954 Free Ukrainians. The reasoning be– ly-teacher-and-student exchanges, chuk as Ukraine's minister of educa– at the first flag-raising ceremony to hind the fund; every Ukrainian research and institutional collabo– tion signaled the determination to No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 15 1992: A LOOK BACK renovate the leadership and reform sky's nine volume "History of U– ship grant project undertaken by the who took part in an intensive orien– the entire educational structure of kraine-Rus'" got off to a successful Ukrainian American Association of tation program examining various Ukraine. A respected educational start. The translation of the first Professionals and Businesspersons aspects of the free enterprise system innovator, former rector of the Kiev volume was completed, and Dr. of New York and New Jersey on the and a market economy. Polytechnical institute (КРІ) and Frank Sysyn, director of the Peter initiative of Dr. Bohdan vitvitsky, With financial support from the president of the Academy of Engi– Jacyk Center for Ukrainian Histori– enabled four students from Ukraine Pauline U. Bruggeman Fund for neering Sciences of Ukraine, Dr. cal Research at the University of to study at Harvard's Ukrainian Entrepreneurship in Ukraine, a Talanchuk visited the United States Alberta, obtained a S60,000 grant Summer institute. collaborative research project and on March 11-24 as part of a delega– from the National Endowment for While more than 80 American student exchange program was tion of ministers of education the Humanities to support the trans– volunteers went to Ukraine this established between the Kiev Poly– and sciences from the newly lations of volumes 7 to 9, which deal summer to teach English under a technic institute and the Rensselaer independent states, in an inter- with the history of the Ukrainian program coordinated by Dr. Zirka Polytechnic institute to form a busi– view in The Weekly, Dr. Talan– Kozaks. The first rendition of Hru– voronka under the sponsorship of ness incubator in Kiev. The project chuk explained his views and shevsky's monumental work into a the Ukrainian National Association is led by Profs. Pier Abetti from reform priorities: the need and op– Western language, the English (see section on the UNA), 13 stu– Rensselaer and victor lvanenko portunity to institute a program of translation will make the work dents from Ukraine participated in from КРІ. national education consonant with available to a wide scholarly com– the Siena College project, an The institute for the Professional the newly achieved statehood and munity. English teaching program develop– Development of Teachers, under with the advanced scientific and Dr. Orest Subtelny's "Ukraine: A ed by Lydia Tarnavsky, with primary the auspices of the Educational technological needs of a modern History," first published by The funding by Americans for a Demo– Council, World Congress of Free economy and society; the need to University of Toronto Press in 1988, cratic Ukraine and services donated Ukrainians, has been set up to train modernize and democratize the was translated into Ukrainian and by Siena College in Loudonville, Ukrainian teachers in Western educational system in order to over- published in Ukraine. The Ukrainian N.Y. Apart from immersion in Ameri– teaching methods, particularly for come the legacy of the "repressive edition is likely to repeat the pub– can life and culture, the program the teaching of Ukrainian history pedagogy" of the Soviet regime; the lishing success of the English edi– offered exposure to the latest U.S. and Ukrainian language. As part of need to establish Ukrainian as the tion. Canadian Friends of Rukh teaching methods, with an empha– this project, the Lviv Board of Edu– language of instruction at every bought 43,000 copies of the first sis on interactive ways of teaching cation will organize summer train– educational level and to raise and printing for free distribution by English. ing courses for teachers from reinstitute the Ukrainian language Rukh in Ukraine. Minister of De– Sixteen students from the Ukrai– throughout Ukraine. Project co– at the governmental level; the need fense Konstantyn Morozov request– nian Agricultural Academy in Kiev ordinator is Nadia Luciw. to restructure the completely anti– ed copies for all military officers. studied at Purdue University's Finally, as a symbolically rele– quated structure of the Academy of Another important publication School of Agriculture in West Lafa– vant event, on May 10 an honorary Sciences to reflect and meet the project reached a new milestone. yette, lnd., during the fall semester. doctorate of human letters was demands of the times. The first 1,200 manuscript pages A similar contingent of American conferred on Ukrainian President On par with this official effort for the concluding volumes of the students from Purdue went to U– Leonid Kravchuk by La Salle stands the private initiative to revive English-language Encyclopedia of kraine to study the agricultural and University in Philadelphia. Spon– the historical Kiev-Mohyla Academy Ukraine were turned over to the economic situation. Students and sored by Prof. Leonid Rudnytzky, a as a modern private university. The publisher, the University of Toronto staff from the Ukrainian Agricul– member of the university's foreign leading center of humanist educa– Press, on September 21. volumes tural Academy in Kiev, the leading language department and president tion in 17th- and 18th-century U– Ml, iv and v, edited by a board head– agricultural institution in Ukraine, of the Shevchenko Scientific So– kraine, closed down by Tsar Alexan– ed by Prof. Danylo Husar Struk, are also visited lowa University and ciety, the conferral of the honorary der Ml, was reopened in September scheduled to appear in the fall of Penn State University. degree set the stage to pay homage on the initiative of Dr. viacheslav 1993. Wayne State University's School to Ukraine's first democratically Briukhovetsky, who became the The executive boards of the two of Business Administration hosted a elected president both by American university's first rector. Built around American Associations of Ukrainian second group of M.B.A. students dignitaries and the Ukrainian com– a modern curriculum taught both in Studies (AAUS) met on November from the Lviv Management institute munity at large. Ukrainian and English, the renewed 21 to reconcile their differences and institution aims to educate an create a single association. The uni– independent and creative intelli– fied association will comprise about The cultural^arts scene gentsia. The University of KMA has 100 members. been working to establish exchange The University of Kansas in colla– Four large-scale exhibitions were museums is the "Treasures of U– programs with leading American boration with lvan Franko University planned as part of centennial cele– kraine," scheduled to open in the fall and Canadian universities. in Lviv is planning to offer spe– brations of Ukrainian settlement in of 1993. The exhibit will deal with a cialized graduate work in Ukrainian Canada. longer time period - from archeolo– Professional contacts studies within its program in Rus– The largest exhibit, "Art and gical prehistory to the 19th century sian and East European Studies. Ethnicity: The Ukrainian Tradition - and will include mostly artifacts On March 15, 13 members of the The University of Kansas will be– in Canada," opened at the Cana– such as Trypillian pottery, Scythian Ukrainian Engineers' Society of come the first institution to offer a dian Museum of Civilization in Hull, gold and weapons, items from Kie– America were inducted into the complete Ukrainian Area Studies Quebec in August 1991 and runs van Rus', Kozak weapons, commis– newly founded Academy of Engi– Program in five principal fields. through February 1993. On display sioned religious works and manu– neering Sciences of Ukraine by the Dr. James Mace was appointed as is the work of over 100 Ukrainian scripts. academy's president, Dr. Talanchuk, a post-doctoral fellow in modern Canadian artists and artisans that According to art historian Dr. at a ceremony held in East Hanover, Ukrainian studies at the University portray various aspects of immigra– Daria Darewych, who headed the N.J. of Hlinois at Urbana7Champaign, tion, religion, folklore and art. curatorial team, the significance of The newly formed international hopefully as a first step in establish– A 20-painting exhibit of William both exhibits lies in the fact that as Ukrainian Economic Association ing a program in Ukrainian studies. Kurelek, "the most published and they display not folk art but the fine (lUEA) held its first congress in Kiev During the nine-month fellowship written about artist in Canada," is on art and cultural achievements of on May 18-22, with the participation which began in August, Dr. Mace display at the National Gallery of Ukrainians through the ages "they of approximately 100 economists plans to write a history of the 1933 Canada in Ottawa from October to alter the way Ukrainians in Canada from Ukraine, 40 economists from Ukrainian famine. January 3. The National Gallery think of themselves and the popula– the West, as well as participants The All-Ukrainian Association of organized various special events tion at large thinks of Ukraine." from other newly independent Researchers of the Famine-Geno– surrounding the exhibit, including states. І van Koropeckyj, professor cide of 1932-1933 held its founding lectures in English and Ukrainian, of economics at Temple University, meeting in Kiev on June 27. The and a film series on Kurelek and his in Ukraine, President Leonid Philadelphia, was elected president, research group was initiated by the work. Kravchuk pressed for the return of while Serhiy Pyrozhkov of Ukraine late volodymyr Maniak, former co- A traveling exhibit "Spirit of U– cultural property from Russia. became the first vice-president and president of the Memorial Society, kraine - 500 Years of Ukrainian Among the reclaimed Ukrainian art president-elect. and author-editor of "Famine 33." Painting," organized by the Winni– treasures are: the oldest surviving The 11th annual conference on Dr. Zenon Kohut, a leading autho– peg Art Gallery, opened in Winnipeg icon from Kiev - the 12th century Ukrainian subjects was held at the rity on 18th century Ukrainian in August 1991, followed by a show Our Lady of vyshorod, and three University of Hlinois at Urbana– history and a specialist on contem– at the Edmonton Art Gallery, closing other Kievan icons (the Great Pa– Champaign on June 22-27. Some porary Ukraine, was named the new at the Art Gallery of Hamilton in nagia, Stv;Derpetrius of Thessalonica 130 scholars from Ukraine, the director of the Stasiuk Program on June 1992. The exhibit, which drew and The Mother of God of the Caves, United States, Canada, Poland and Contemporary Ukraine and asso– record numbers of viewers as well as and 11th century mosaics formerly the Netherlands were in attendance. ciate director of the Peter Jacyk wide acclaim, featured more than in the Sobor of St. Michael in The theme of the conference was Center for Ukrainian Historical Re- 130 paintings on loan from the State Kiev (destroyed by the Bolsheviks "Ukraine and its Neighbors." search, at the Canadian institute of Museum of Ukrainian Art in Kiev, in 1935-1936), all presently in Ukrainian Studies. spanning five centuries of Ukrainian the Tretiakov Gallery in Moscow; Scholars and scholarship art from 15th century icons to 20th Scythian gold excavated around the Student7faculty exchanges century avant-garde paintings. Black Sea, now at the Hemiitage in The project to publish the English St. Petersburg; and oSjects of Another significant upcoming л translation of Mykhailo Hrushev– The Education Fund, a scholar- exhibit to be held in three Canadian historical interest such , as the 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 No. 52 1992: A LOOK BACK ceremonial staff of Hetman lvan acclaim in the prestigious Murray ^ Ukraine: Third Journey to ln– ronto's Kobza international Corp. Mazepa. Dranoff Two Piano Competition in dependence," by Luba Dmytryk, a and victory FF from Ukraine. The Miami have returned to the U.S. to one-hour documentary video, offer– film portrays the progressive demo– study with the renowned pianist ing a compilation of the majorevents ralization of a young Ukrainian re– Alexander Toradze at the University in Ukraine in the last few years, with cruit undergoing obligatory military An exhibition of political posters of lndiana, South Bend, and to reconstructed flashbacks into U– training. and cartoons from Ukraine opened concertize throughout the U.S. krainian history - all the way back The New York-based Syzokryli at The Ukrainian Museum in New ll primo basso, Paul Plishka, the to Kievan Rus', which give an excel– Dance Ensemble, under the artistic York, March 1-15. The posters on American-born opera star of Ukrai– lent historical background to con- direction of Roma Pryma Bohachev– exhibit were created by the Kiev nian heritage, celebrated his 25th temporary events. sky performed in a concert tour group "Youthful Poster Lapas," anniversary with the Metropolitan ^ "Raspad," a feature movie about throughout Ukraine from June 22 to comprising a group of young artists Opera of New York with a debut in Chornobyl, directed by Mikhail July 3. The program was conceived from the Kiev Art School who start– the role of verdi's Falstaff, yet Belikov, a native of Kharkiv and and choreographed by Ms. Boha– ed their work about three years ago. another bass role added to his resident of Kiev, and produced by chevsky, using a contemporary The 13th annual international repertoire. Mr. Plishka is the only Peter O. Almond, an independent interpretative style as well as corn- Festival of Authors at Harbourfront singer in the opera company's producer and screenwriter who posed music rather than traditional was held in Toronto October 14 to history to have played all three bass helped it acquire international dis– folk melodies. 24. Among the 80 novelists, poets, roles in "Boris Godunov" - Pimen, tribution and acclaim. Lydia Krushelnytsky's Ukrainian playwrights and biographers invited varlaam and Boris. ^ "Famine-33," the first documen– Stage Ensemble of New York staged to read at "the world's largest literary The Ukrainian bass Alexander tary film to be made in Ukraine on Mykola Kulish's "Sonata Patheti– celebration," was the Ukrainian poet Savtchenko, presently residing in the subject, was screened by its que" at Pace University on Novem– Mykola vorobiov, the fourth poet Montreal, was one of the winners in director, Oles Yanchuk, at film festi– ber 21-22, in celebration of the from Ukraine to appear at the an– the Opera Company of Philadel– vals, to prospective distributions centennary of the playwright's birth. nual festival, in the past three years, phia's prestigious Pavarotti lnter– and in Ukrainian communities in the The play, which explores the central Ukrainian poets vasyl Holoborodko, national voice Competition this fall. U.S. and Canada. A production of the issues of revolution and nationalism, lhor Kalynets and lvan Drach read The young Ukrainian baritone Dovzhenko Studios, the film won was banned in Ukraine and made its their works at the international Andriy Shkurhan sang the title role first prize at the 1991 first all-Ukrai– original debut in 1931 in Moscow in event. in "King Roger," the work of the nian Kiev Film Festival. the Russian language. The play and renowned Ukrainian-born Polish ^ "Oxygen Starvation," directed its author were subsequently The performing arts composer Karol Szymanowski at by the young Ukrainian director, banned. Distorted versions were the Michigan Opera Theater in May. Andriy Donchyk, is a Ukrainian- staged in Ukraine in the 1950s and A restrospective concert devoted Mr. Shkurhan, an acclaimed per– Canadian co-production of To– 1960s. to the music of Leonid Hrabovsky, former of Polish song tias been featuring the acclaimed 20th cen– performing is Teatr Wielki of Lodz, tury new music ensemble, Conti– Poland,since the summer of 1991. A year of Olympic proportions nuum, was held at Alice Tully Hall in Jurij Onuch,oneof the few, if not New York on February 29. The the only Ukrainian performance This year was a watershed in Ukrainian composer, a central fi– artist took part, along with other 34 Ukrainian sports, with the new poli– gure of the Soviet avant-garde, is invited artists from Canada, the U.S. tical reality leaving its mark on the known for his persistent demands and Europe, in "lnterzone," the scene. for artistic freedom, an amazing seventh biannual festival of experi– lvan Kyrychenko of Mariupil diversity in style and a reputation for mental art, held October 20-25 in brought in the new year, with his being "the most adventurous, out– Quebec City. Mr. Onuch, who pre– arrival in the port of Miami on Jan– rageous and, at the same time, most sently resides in Canada, was an uary 1, concluding a 7,500 mile solo interested in formal experimenta– active member of the Polish-avant journey in his 27-foot sloop, having tion." garde of the 1980s. A proud "pro– set out from Ukraine three days after The Third Ukrainian international moter of Ukrainianism" since 1981, it had declared independence on Music Festival - Kiev Music Fest 92, Mr. Onuch has interested Polish August 24, 1991. co-directed by lvan Karabyts and cultural authorities to sponsor a On the Olympic front, the stage virko Baley, was held October 3-Ю. major exhibit of "Contemporary had been set by the Ukrainian Su– The festival featured classical and Ukrainian Art," which is scheduled preme Council's formal request to contemporary works ranging from to open in Poland next fall, with the international Olympic Commit– pop and youthful music to chamber subsequent shows in professional tee, made in December 1991, to concerts and symphonic events, art centers and galleries in Europe. grant full status to Ukraine's team. performed by chamber ensembles, The Yara Arts Group, headed by Serhiy Bubka continued to be the symphonic orchestras, choirs and virlana Tkacz and based at La Mama athlete at the forefront of demands soloists from Ukraine and through- Theater in New York, held an art for separate representation, when out the world. A good portion of the exhibit and poetry reading at the he asked, at a press conference in festival was devoted to music by Ukrainian institute of America on January: "Why not compete for Ukrainian composers. The opening May 9 to benefit the group's Ukraine? ... І don't understand why concert featured lvan Karabyts' trip to Ukraine, where they staged we must be one team of 11 coun– "Molytva Kateryny," a work dedi– their second production, "Explo– tries." cated to the Great Famine of 1933. sions," at the first Berezil lnterna– However, for the Winter Olympiad One of the main events of the festi– tional Theater Festival in Kharkiv in in Albertville, France, which took val was the lwanna and Marian Kots September. place in February, the interval was Composition Competition. vika, the dynamic, original and too brief, both in terms of ІОС A concert to benefit The Ukrai– fiercely individualistic rock star approval, and in terms of Ukrainian nian Museum in New York was held from Lviv was on her first tour of the team organization. As a result, fi– on November 29 at the Merkin Con- U.S. with the six-member vika rock gure-skater viktor Pefrenko, who cert Hall. The concert featured a group this summer. Having made was billed everywhere as "the gold stellar cast of artists including cellist her mark at the 1989 Chervona Ruta medal winner from Ukraine" com– Natalia Khoma, soprano Oksana Festival in Chernivtsi with her un– peted as a representative of the EUN Krovytska, pianist Laryssa Krupa, orthodox look, she turned Ukrainian (Equipe UnifieeAJnified Team), and violinist Oleh Krysa, the Leontovich youth on to Ukrainian history and listened to the Olympic anthem as Ukraine's new and unexpected String Quartet, pianists Alexander such contemporary issues as Chor– the five-ringed flag was raised Olympic star, Tetiana Gutsu. Slobodyanyk, Mykola Suk, volo– nobyl and Russification. Herdiversi– during his medal ceremony. dymyr vynnytsky and tenor Roman fied repertoire, rooted in Ukrainian Oleksiy Zhytnyk of Kiev was a continue to participate under the Tsymbala, with Tatiana Tchekina, folk music, also incorporates the member of the EUN Olympic cham– aegis of the "Unified Team." ІОС Maria Tsymbala and Mr. vynnytsky Ukrainization of popular American pions in hockey. Dan Ratushney of President Juan Antonio Samaranch piano accompaniment. hits of the 60's. She was crowned Nepean was part of the Canadian conceded that all the newly inde– The Dumka Ukrainian St^te Choir "Miss Rock of Europe" in February silver medal-winner hockey team. pendent republics "wanted to go of Kiev, a truly world-class chorus at a festival in Kiev. Among the Michael Slipchuk, a Ukrainian Ca– independently, but ... the most im– under the direction of Yevhen Sav– members of the group, all profes– nadian from Edmonton, placed portant thing was to stick to the chuk, featuring soloists of the Kiev, sional musicians, are volodymyr ninth in the men's singles figure principle that the best athletes from Lviv and Odessa Opera Houses pre– Bebeshko, her husband, composer, skating event. all 12 republics should participate in miered at Newark's Symphony Hall musical arranger and manager, and On March 9, in Lausanne, Switzer– Barcelona." This was the sports on December 14 as it began a tour of Leontiy Bebeshko, a.k.a. Levko land, the ІОС made the formal deci– version of the "Chicken Kiev" U.S. and Canadian cities. (See sec– Durko, who shared the bill with vika sion to grant Ukraine provisional speech. However, the Olympic oli– tion on the UNA.) during the U.S. tour with his satyri– membership, which enabled its garch also added that Ukraine and A young couple from Kiev, valen– cal songs. atheletes in non-team events to the other republics will be free to tyn Lysytsia and Olexiy Kuznietsov, Among the notable film and video compete independently in Barce– compete as independent countries who last year won first prize to great productions of the year were: lona, but in team sports they would at the 1994 Winter Olympics in No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1992 17 1992: A LOOK BACK

Lillehammer, Norway. Toronto-based Olympic fund to aid in the end, some of the demands Ukraine's athletes. The Demjanjuk case: OSl fraud? put forward by valeriy Borzov, head On August 12, the Canadian U– of Ukraine's National Olympic Com– krainian Sports Hall of Fame was "Let my father go!" That was the janjuk. Mr. Demjanjuk's son-in-law, mittee and currently the minister of launched at a gala dinner in van– plea of John Demjanjuk Jr. in a letter Edward Nishnic, who is also the sport, were accepted. These in– couver, B.C. Founded as a charitable to the editor of The Washington Post spokesperson for the family and the cluded a Ukrainian contingent non-profit corporation to recognize published on February 1. The rea– John Demjanjuk Defense Fund, marching together under a Ukrai– and pay tribute to Canadian Ukrai– son: documents proving that another characterized that suggestion as nian flag within the "Unies" group at nian athletes competing in the ga– man - not John Demjanjuk - "the worst kind of historical revi– the opening and closing cere- mut of sports, from hockey and was the notorious "lvan the Terrible" sionism." Prosecutor Michael monies, separate competition in football to figure skating and track of Treblinka had been in the posses– Shaked also told the court he had individual events, and the raising of and field, it is expected to be for– sion of U.S. Justice Department proof Mr. Demjanjuk was a guard at the national flag and playing of the mally registered by March 1993. The officials for 13 years and were kept the Sobibor death camp in Poland national anthem when athletes won driving force in the creation of this from the Demjanjuk defense, "it is and the Flossenburg concentration individual golds. hall is Bo Fodchuk of vancouver, now evident that this case was not camp in Germany. Mr. Sheftel also Also in March, Ukraine became a currently the chairman of its execu– one of mistaken identity but of the claimed the U.S., the USSR and temporary member of FlFA, the tive. A location for the exhibits is still malicious prosection of an innocent possibly lsrael had known for years international soccer federation, being sought, and the coliection is man," wrote the younger Mr. Dem– that the real lvan was Marchenko. along with Georgia, Slovenia and still being assembled. janjuk. "This trial...was nothing but a con– Croatia. This decision enabled U– On August 21, John Michaluk, a indeed, as events unfolded in spiracy and this is how it will go kraine to play in regional cup former linebacker (1966-1969) with 1992, it became increasingly evi– down in history," he said. matches starting in 1993, and ini– the Hamilton Tiger Cats of the dent that the Office of Special ln– Meanwhile in the United States, tiate contacts with other federations Canadian Football League, was vestigations, the Justice Depart– on June 5, the U.S. Court of Appeals for non-status contests. However, it named the club's president. Mr. ment's Nazi-hunting unit, was in– for the Sixth District in Cincinnati, will not be able to field a team in the Michaluk had been a Hamilton radio- terested less in justice than in the acting on its own initiative, said the 1994 World Cup, because the draw– broadcaster, working a post-game publicity that would come with the extradition warrant issued in 1986, ings for that competition took place show and then providing color com– seemingly successful prosecution which allowed Mr. Demjanjuk to be in 1991. mentary on the Tabbies' games of "lvan." taken to lsrael to stand trial, "may Mike Bossy, a Montreal native and since 1971. in lsrael, where Mr. Demjanjuk is have been improvidently issued right-winger for 10 years for the New appealing his 1988 conviction and because it was based on erroneous information." The court said the York islanders until forced out of Summer Olympics death sentence for the Nazi war active play by back injuries in 1987, crimes committed by "lvan the extradition warrant was issued be– was known for his brilliant "ice- Terrible," the Supreme Court delay– cause Mr. Demjanjuk was believed sense" and skating ability, amazing– The crowning event of the sum– ed the case yet again in February to be the murderous "lvan the Terri– ly accurate shot and scoring touch, mer, and of the whole year, was the when it ordered the defense to bie." and gentlemanly approach to the XXv Summer Olympiad in Barce– obtain additional KGB files (report– The Court of Appeals ordered the game, instrumental in his team's lona. The first to see the blue-and– edly containing 40 depositions of reopening of the case after the four successive Stanley Cup cham– yellow rise to the strains of "Shche former Treblinka guards) from the Justice Department had failed to pionships, his number, 22, was re- ne vmerla..." was Oleh Kucherenko, former Soviet Union and report back reply to two letters inquiring about tired at Nassau Coliseum on March a wrestler from Luhanske. The most within two months. At the same its handling of the case. 3. prominent winner was Tetiana time, on February 25, the court Citing new evidence pointing to Gutsu of Odessa, who won the rejected the defense's motion that Marchenko as the real "lvan," the individual gymnastics gold under a Mr. Demjanjuk be released imme– court ordered the reopening of the visiting teams blaze of Tv cameras. All in all, the diately based on new evidence extradition case and ordered the Ukrainian flag and anthem were pointing to another man, one lvan Justice Department to produce by in April, the rinks of Canada and brought out four times. Of course, it Marchenko, as the real "lvan." July 15 a brief "describing any items the U.S. were visited by a hockey should have been five. Serhiy Bubka, On March 8, defense attorney of evidence of any kind of which it tornado called Team Druzhba 78. the seemingly invincible pole-vaul– Yoram Sheftel again argued for the has knowledge tending to show that This was a band of 18 young players ter, was Ukraine's mighty Casey, release of his client based on the the petitioner-appellant, Demjan– from Kharkiv, age 12-13 ("78" de- and he struck out with a "no height" latest evidence on Marchenko, who juk, is not the lvan the Terrible' who noted their year of birth), coached performance that stunned the world. had fled the allied advance toward committed war crimes at the Tre– blinka death camp...together with a by lvan Pravilov, a former hockey Ukraine's individual athletes also the end of World War 11 and headed statement of approximately when and soccer competitor. Their play took in 11 silver medals and four for Yugoslavia. That was the informa– agents of the United States first dazzled audiences, scouts and bronze, and its contingent contri– tion contained in the testimony of learned of each such item of evi– coaches in Quebec City, Toronto buted to six of the EUN team golds another Treblinka guard, Nikolai dence." in addition, the court order– and Washington. This group from and three of the team bronzes. Their Shelayev, who worked alongside ed the Demjanjuk defense to file a Kharkiv is ranked as the best in the performance impressed many media Marchenko running the gas cham– brief "describing affidavits, deposi– world for its age group, a fact under- analysts, as did the efforts of UOC bers. tions or other statements of wit– scored by the lopsided scores in chief Mr. Borzov, who was the sub– in other developments, the Ger– nesses ... which tend to show that a their favor, it bodes well for U– ject of an NBC profile during the man magazine Stern published a man known as lvan Marchenko was kraine's hockey program. Games. The focus of a Weekly pro- story indicating that German federal police believe a document used to lvan the Terrible.' " FlFA's decision to grant Ukraine's file, U.S. women's volleyball coach convict Mr. Demjanjuk - the so- On August 11, in an unprecedent– National Soccer Team provisional Taras Liskevych skippered his team called Trawniki lD card - is a ed 90-minute hearing before the membership bore fruit on June 27, to a respectable bronze in Barce– forgery, citing "a number of con– Sixth Circuit Court, Mr. Demjanjuk's when the squad filed onto the pitch lona. spicuous things about the docu– lead attorney in the reopened ex- in Rutgers Stadium to face the U.S. Mr. Petrenko's year finished on ment that made its authenticity tradition case, Michael Tigar, ridi– Nationals. Last-minute difficulties somewhat of a down note, as he fell doubtful." Furthermore, lsraeli offi– culed the U.S. government's "inad– with the team's visas (still process– three times and came last at the cials, when told about the Germans' vertance" in failing to disclose ex– ed in Moscow at the time) delayed World Professional Skating Cham– doubts, said further examination of culpatory statements by former its arrival, but it acquitted itself well, pionships in Landover Md., on De– the document "was no longer de- Treblinka guards. The U.S. govern– playing to a scoreless tie. Acting cember 12. However, also in Decem– sired." "Despite all that, the Jerusa– ment's attorney, Patty Merkamp coach viktor Prokopenko said: ber, Evhen Pliuta of Ukraine won the lem District Court had not the sha– Stemler, admitted post-war state– "We've been waiting for this game gold medal in the men's singles at dow of a doubt when it sentenced ments by Soviet soldiers who had for 90 years," reflecting the enthu– the World Junior Figure Skating Demjanjuk to death," Stern wrote. identified "lvan" of Treblinka as siasm that prompted Oleh Lytov– Championships held in Seoul, Ko– Marchenko should have been re- chenko of Olympia Greece and On June 11, final arguments were rea. leased to the defense as a matter of Oleksa Zavorovy of Nancy France, presented to lsrael's Supreme Court. To conclude on a positive note for "prudence," but she argued there to seek brief leaves from their pro– The defense produced 80 deposi– Mr. Bubka, the outspoken supporter was not a great deal of significance fessional commitments to play in tions from 36 former guards and of independent Ukrainian sports, he to those statements. the match. forced laborers at Treblinka - all of did not have an entirely disappoint– whom said the brutal guard named On August 17, the Court of Ap– At ІОС meetings in Toronto in ing year. He signed an almost base- "lvan" was Marchenko. in addition, peals issued an order allowing for early July, it was decided that the ball-like incentives contract with the defense presented 11 photo further inquiry into the case, noting Ukrainian Olympic Committee Nike (guaranteeing him $50,000 identifications of Marchenko as that it was proceeding under its would be given full independent every time he breaks a record) and "lvan" of Treblinka. inherent power to grant relief for status on January 1, 1993. various broke Paavo Nurmi's mark of 29 The prosecution, attempting to "after-discovered fraud" from an press reports concerning the world records in track and field reconcile conflicting evidence re– earlier judgement. The three-judge closure of many of Ukraine's train– events. He now has 32, and count– garding the true identity of "lvan," panel appointed Thomas A. Wise- ing facilities and the difficulties ing, after rebounding from his de– suggested for the first time that man, U.S. district judge for the engendered by the decentralization bacle in Barcelona by setting new there may have been two men Middle District of Tennessee, as of the massive Soviet sports system, marks in Padua (August, 20'1") and named lvan who operated the gas "special master" responsible for prompted the formation of a Tokyo (September, 2GK Ш"). , chambers - one of them Mr. Dem– supervising the collection of further 18 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 No. 52 1992: A LOOK BACK evidence. regarding the Treblinka charges. vised prospective students and or– Perhaps most prominent during The Court of Appeals added that in Judge Wisemen reacted sharply: ganized informational workshops 1992 was the assistance to victi ms of order to procure information deem– "You ever hear of the term 'stone- for them in hopes of helping talent– Hurricane Andrew, which swept ed essential to determine whether walling,' Mr. Mendelsohn?" ed students from Ukraine gain ad- through southern Florida in late the OSl had engaged in prosecuto– Messrs. Parker and Mendelsohn mission to U.S. institutions of higher August, that was organized by area rial misconduct, it was ordering the both testified about the pressure education. Ukrainians, including members of special master to take the testimony brought on the OSl by Rep. Joshua As is customary, the UNA Su– UNA Branch 368 in Miami. UNAers of attorneys Allan Ryan, Norman Eilberg of Pennsylvania, who wrote preme Executive Committee met collected donations of money, food, Moskowitz and George Parker of the to the attorney general stressing several times this year to review clothing, building materials and OSl, and John Horrigan of the the Justice Department "could not UNA activity and act on new plans, other essentials in the wake of the Cleveland District Attorney's Office, afford to lose" the Demjanjuk case. in the course of their deliberations, biggest natural disaster in U.S. in addition, the special master was On December 22, depositions the supreme officers voted a num– history. empowered to receive any other were taken in Washington from two ber of major donations to benefit in other news at the UNA, My– evidence he deems to be relevant to former OSl employees: Bernard Ukraine. Among them were SlO,OOO chajlo Olshansky, treasurer of UNA a review of the case. After all testi– Dougherty, an investigator, and to the University of Kiev-Mohyla Branch 51 in Chicago, was honored mony is taken, the special master George Garand, a historian. Hear– Academy, Ukraine's first private as the organization's Fraternalist of must prepare a report to the Sixth ings were to resume in Nashville on university in modern times; SlO,OOO the Year for his outstanding service Circuit Court, which will then issue a January 14-15, with thetestimony of to the Sabre Foundation for conti– to the UNA and the community. Mr. final ruling. Messrs. Moskowitz and Horrigan, nued shipments of diverse books to Olshansky received his award during On November 12, the first of the and final hearings are scheduled for Ukraine; and S5,000fora Ukrainian- a special ceremony on October 17. OSl's attorneys working on the February 4-5, when OSl attorney language 20th century history of At Soyuzivka, a "Miss" for 1993 Demjanjuk case, Mr. Parker, testi– Bruce Einhom and former OSl di– Ukraine authored by Dr. Taras was chosen. She is Marianka Haw– fied that he "did not think" Mr. rector Allan Ryan are to be ques– Hunczak that is much-needed for ryluk, 24,, a graduate of Manhattan Demjanjuk was "lvan," and that he tioned. education in Ukraine. College, who has worked at the had warned his superiors via a in a telephone interview with The The UNA's Supreme Assembly, resort in some capacity or other for memo that proceeding with the Weekly, John Demjanjuk Jr. report– the organization's highest decision- about 10 years, most recently as the Treblinka allegations would violate ed that, as regards the appeal in making body between quadrennial mistress of ceremonies for enter– canons of ethics promulgated by the lsraei, there is "no decision in sight." conventions, met, as usual, in May tainment programs. American Bar Association. He pro– "it's shameful already," Mr. Dem– and also voted on a number of At the Svoboda Press, another duced a copy of the memo, which janjuk said. "They've had indis– important proposals. Thus, the as– index to the Ukrainian-language government lawyers have said was putable evidence of my father's sembly approved the creation of a daily newspaper was released during never seen anywhere at the Justice innocence for six months already. non-profit Ukrainian National Foun– 1992 - this one covers the period Department. ...it seems they're sitting back and dation that will apply for tax-exempt 1907-1907. it is the second of a series The next day, another former OSl waiting to see the decision of the status, and will seek out government being published by the immigration attorney, Martin Mendelsohn, U.S. court so that the blame is and private-sector grants forcharit– History Research Center of the acknowledged that while he had thrown on the U.S. Justice Depart– able, educational and scholarly University of Minnesota that will offered to help the Demjanjuk family ment." projects aimed primarily at Ukraine. index all issues of the newspaper get information he already had in his And so, the case of John Demjan– UNA members and other commu– since its founding in 1893 to the possession exculpatory evidence juk grows curiouser and curiouser. nity activists pitched in as well. As of present. year's end, the tally of donations to the UNA Fund for the Rebirth of There was some sad news in 1992 Ukraine, created by the UNA's 1990 as well, as several prominent UNAers UNA: serving the Ukrainian nation convention, was well over S357,000. passed away. Melanie Milanowicz, an employee of the UNA Recording and directed by Dr. Zirka voronka, a Other noteworthy matters acted During 1992, the Ukrainian Na– Department for 41 years before her specialist in the teaching of English upon at the annual session of the tional Association continued its 98- retirement in 1991, died in January as a second language (ESL), the Supreme Assembly were the alloca– year tradition of service to the Ukrai– at the age of 81. Stephen Chuma, project's call for volunteers elicited tion of S75,000 for donations to nian nation in myriad ways. Of longtime foreman of the Svoboda an extraordinary response from various Ukrainian community orga– course, it would be impossible to print shop and a dedicated UNA and Ukrainians, young and old alike, nizations and special projects, and note every project that this oldest community activist, died in April at from all parts of the United States adoption of a budget that included a and largest Ukrainian organization age 68. He had retired from the and Canada. Ultimately, 84 persons capital fund of ф1.63 million for such in what was once known as the free Svoboda Press in February. Wolo– taught 70 courses in 26 cities and improvements as renovations at world has initiated or supported. dymyr Zaparaniuk, a longtime su– towns throughout Ukraine, from Soyuzivka, computerization of UNA Thus, what follows represents the preme advisor of the UNA, presi– Kalush in the west, to Svitlovodske publications and refurbishing the highlights of UNA activity in the year dent of Branch 484 and an honorary in the east, from Sumy in the north to UNA headquarters building. As well, following Ukraine's proclamation of member of the UNA Supreme As– independence. Frunzenskoye in the Crimea. Supreme Assembly members pro- posed various plans to mark the sembly, died in June at age 77. in keeping with its well-establish– The summer program was or– Finally, Maria Demydchuk Chuch– ed role as patron of the arts, the ganized with the co-sponsorship of centennial of the UNA's founding, which occurs in 1994; creation of a man, a former UNA supreme advisor Ukrainian National Association, the Prosvita Ukrainian Language and an honorary member of the along with the Toronto Branch of Society, which provided accommo– sports directorship to coordinate UNA involvement in and sponsor- Supreme Assembly, died in Septem– the Ukrainian Canadian Committee dations for the volunteer teachers ber at age 91. and Ukraine's Ministry of Culture, and arranged local logistics. The ship of sports events; granting of sponsored the first North American volunteers paid their own travel special scholarships to students On a happier note, the UNA in tour of the Dumka Ukrainian State expenses, while the UNA covered all from Ukraine who are studying in 1992 enrolled perhaps its first set of Choir. The 65-member chorus, em- teaching materials and hosted a North America; and expansion of the triplets as members. They are Chrys– barked on a whirlwind tour in De– workshop for the volunteers at its UNA Press Bureau in Kiev. tyna Maria, Petro Bohdan and cember, covering 15 cities in two headquarters building in Jersey Soon after the Supreme Assembly Orest Andrij, born to Bohdan and and a half weeks. Their grueling City, N.J. Later in the fall, the teach– had concluded its five-day delibera– lrene (Farion) Danylewycz on De– schedule was coordinated by Scope ers held a working reunion at Soyu– tions, the UNA Scholarship Com– cember 1, 1991. They were enrolled Travel7Auscoprut Joint venture. zivka, the UNA's upstate New York mittee, during a daylong meeting at into Cleveland Branch 364 by their Appearing with the Dumka choir resort, where these trailblazers not the UNA Home Office, reviewed proud (and perhaps overwhelmed) were four soloists: tenor volodymyr only traded tales of their experiences scholarship applications from UNA grandma, Anna Danylewycz. Hryshko of the Kiev Opera, baritone but provided constructive criticism members pursuing undergraduate As the year drew to a close, the lhor Kushpler and mezzo-soprano that will benefit the project for the studies. A total of S124,000 was UNA was planning celebrations of Neonila Koziatynska of the Lviv years ahead. awarded for academic year 1992- the centennial of Svoboda, the 60th Opera, and soprano Ludmyla Shy– Already the project has been 1993 to 229 students. The grants anniversary of The Ukrainian Week– rina of the Odessa Opera. renamed "Teaching English in U– ranged from S300 to ф1,800. ly and the 40th anniversary of Soyu– The Dumka tour, organized to kraine" to reflect its status as an UNAers are active in helping their zivka - all of which will be marked mark the first anniversary of U– ongoing program, and the call for fellow man on the local level as well. in 1993. kraine's independence, demon– volunteers for 1993 went out at the strated to audiences that, as music end of December. criticAnusicologist Roman Sawycky in another project aimed at stu– Miscellaneous, but noteworthy Jr. noted, the choir truly is "at the dents in Ukraine, the UNA engaged summit of world choral art." Mr. Olena Prokopovich, a student from This section comprises the annual grant Aid Society. They are co- Sawycky characterized Dumka as "a Chernihiv, who was successful in list of all those noteworthy events presidents of the va'ad, the Confe– very valuable phenomenon for obtaining a major scholarship to and people that defy classification deration of Jewish Communities of Ukrainian music and something study in the U.S. at Williams College under the other headings of this the former Soviet Union. The orga– very rare in the development of in Williamstown, Mass., to inform year-end review. Thus, the notables nization, which serves as an um– European choral singing." her peers in Ukraine about admis– of 1992: brella group uniting 400 organiza– This was also the year that the sion requirements and procedures і losef Zissels and Michael Chle– tions and communities from 77 UNA'S "Teach English in Ukraine" for applying to U.S. colleges and nov accepted the prestigious Li– cities in the FSU, is dedicated to project got off the ground, initiated universities. Ms. Prokopovich ad- berty Award from the Hebrew lmmi– ensuring the survival of the Jewish No, 52 ^^THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 19 1992: A LOOK BACK identity in the former Soviet Union, growth and live broadcasts. The the weekend as the elections were received the award in New York City only other full-fledged department less than a month away. Penn Kem– on January 19. Mr. Zissels was until now had been the Russian ble, foreign policy advisor to the arrested in 1978 and in 1984 for Department. ClintonXGore campaign and soon to dissident activities as a member of ^ The U.S. Postal Service on Mav be chief of the U.S. information the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. 2 began routing mail from Ukraine Agency, led a slew of speakers that ^ Prof. Gregory Stanton received directly to Kiev. Until then, all mail included Ukrainian Ambassador the Ukrainian Congress Committee had been processed through Mos– Oleh Bilorus and Carl Gershman, of America, lllinois chapter, Man of cow because the individual repub– president of the National Endow– the Year Award from Ukrainian lics of the former Soviet Union (the ment for Democracy, Parliament member, Dr. Stepan Baltic nations expected) did not ^ The Rev. Richard J. Mucowski Khmara. Prof. Stanton was honored have an appropriate postal service became the first Ukrainian Ameri– for his work in defense of Dr. Kh– in place. Mail delivery to Ukraine can priest to head a four-year Ca– mara. improved markedly after the routing tholic college when he was inaugu– ^ The Kiev Polytechnic institute change. rated on October 17 as president of bestowed honorary doctorates on ^ Three Ukrainian Americans Walsh College in North Canton, six individuals from the Ukrainian were honored by the Jewish Foun– Ohio. diaspora for their contributions in dation for Christian Rescuers7Anti- ^ Justice Eugene Fedak was ap– helping Ukraine and the КРІ. Honor– Defamation League for their heroic pointed regional senior judge for ed were Prof. Zirka voronka, Prof. actions in saving Jews from Nazi the province of Ontario on Septem– Roman voronka, Dr. Taras Hunczak, persecution during World War ll. ber 1. Justice Fedak was called Dr. Karl Zaininger, Prof. Osyp Olena Melnyczuk and her brothers, to the Ontario Bar in 1963 and was Moroz and Pastor John Shep. Orest Zahajkewycz and Bohdan made a Queen's Counsel in 1975. ^ Jack Palance, the 72-vear-old Zahajkewycz (posthumously) were ^ Ukrainian American Walter The tail ship Tovarysh from Ukraine. Ukrainian American Hollywood star, awarded the Courage to Care Award Dudycz won a third four-year term won his first Oscar, for best support– on June 14 of this year, in 1944 the to the lllinois State Senate on No– part in U.S. celebrationscommemo– ing actor, on March 30 for his work Zahajkewyczes hid Adgar and Ada vember 3, defeating his Democratic rating the 500th anniversary of in "City Slickers." it was the Scran- Schefler. opponent, James McGing, with a Columbus' landing in the Ameri– ton, Pa., native's third nomina– ^ voice of America, in an unpre– 51.7 percent majority. ca. tion. cedented cooperative effort, on July ^ Jews and Ukrainians met at a ^ Ukrainian MiGs raced about 15 began broadcasting a one-hour forum in Jerusalem from September North America this year. Two air- daily program on Ukrainian local 1 to 7. The purpose was to foster craft arrived at Canadian Forces network stations. The government- mutual understanding and discuss Base Namao in Edmonton in May for operated radio network broadcasts issues that have marked their rela– a series of airshows across the from Washington as well as from tions in the past. The 82-member continent, the first ever on North Kiev and includes cable network delegation included parliamenta– American soil. By August the blue; transmissions rians, civic leaders, sports cham– yellow supersonic jets with the ^ Nadia Svitlychna was honored pions, musicians, scholars and trident on their tails had invaded on July 29 with the Pro Bono Award farmers. U.S. soil and were on display at of the Poor Richard Club in Hor– ^ Three Ukrainian sailing ships, Rickenbacker Air National Guard sham, Pa. Since the 1930s, the the Tovarysh, the Іkar and the Maes– Base near Columbus, Ohio, in late award has been presented yearly to tro, glided into New York Harbor on August they were in California, individuals who have distinguished July 2. They were the first ever ships where a Ukrainian American, Jurij themselves by their work as writers, of a free Ukraine to anchor on U.S. Styranka, took the opportunity of– community activists, businessmen shores. The ships arrived to take fered and flew aboard one. or public servants. Mr. Svitlycha was honored for her dedication to hu– man rights. We mourn their passing... 9 A new Ukrainian television Jack Palance receives his Oscar. show debuted in Toronto and New During 1992, the Ukrainian com– sity in Prague; mayor of Chortkiv in York in September. "Kontakt," pro– munity mourned the passing of 1942-1944; upon emigrating to the ^ Pierre Beregovoy was appoint" duced by Yurij Klufas in Toronto notable leaders and activists, artists U.S., active in the Ukrainian Con– ed France's new prime minister on and Stephen Kowaliw and volo– and writers, both in the diaspora and gress Committee of America April 2. The 66-year-old part Ukrai– dymyr Artemshyn in New York, in Ukraine. Among them were the (UCCA), serving as UCCA vice- nian, whose father immigrated from presents newsfeed from Ukraine following: president, and in the Ukrainian Ukraine, defeated the unpopular and diaspora news about Canada National Association (UNA), serving Edith Cresson. The prime minister, a and the United States. The show is ^ Daria Rebet, 79, leading mem– as UNA New England District high school dropout before he be– still going strong. ber of the Organization of Ukrainian Committee chairman - New Haven, gan his climb in French politics, is a ^ The Ukrainian National Wo– Nationalists (OUN), who wasarrest– Conn., March 29. leader of the French Socialist Party. men's League of America on June 7 ed by Polish and German authorities ^ Aleksander volkov, the Ukrai– celebrated the 25th anniversary of for her political activities; co-foun– nian astronaut, finally returned from its Scholarship7Students Sponsor- der of the Supreme Ukrainian Libe– 9 lvan Sokulsky, 51, poet, politi– space on March 25, only five months ship Program. The program reaches ration Council (UHvR) and mem– cal prisoner and one of the first behind schedule. The astronaut, out to Ukrainian students in South ber of the External Representation national and human-rights advo– who was scheduled to remain in the America and Europe and now is of UHvR; head of OUN Political cates in Dnipropetrovske; a member space station Mir for six months, expanding into Romania and U– Council; co-founder of the World of the "Shestydesiatnyky" literary stayed for 313 days when a newly kraine. Last year the program aided Federation of Ukrainian Women's generation, who was arrested in freed Khazakhstan demanded that a 768 students by sending them sti– Organizations - Munich, January 1980 for co-founding the Ukrainian Kazakh astronaut be part of the pends totalling S174,057.05 gather– 5. Helsinki Group and sentenced to team that would replace Mr. vol– ed from sponsors in the U.S., Ca– labor camps in Mordovia and Perm kov's. No trained Kazakhs were nada, Australia and Brazil. ^ Dr. Alexander Ohloblyn, 92, and at the notorious prison in available - hence the stay. ^ A Ukrainian cruise ship, the leading historian of Ukraine; profes– Kazan; a founding member of the ^ The 1991-1992 school year Gruziya, docked in the Montreal sor at Kiev and Odessa universities Ukrainian Republican Party and marked the 50th anniversary of St. harbor in late August to take part in and, upon emigrating, professor at editor of the independent journal viadimir's College Minor Seminary celebrations marking the first anni– the Ukrainian Free University, the Porohy - Dnipropetrovske, U– in Robin, Manitoba. The school was versary of Ukraine's independence. Ukrainian Orthodox Theological kraine, June 22. originally established in 1898 by The ship's symbols were also Academy and the Ukrainian Studies Ukrainian Redemptorists. it moved changed - the tryzub replacing the institute at Harvard University; edi– ^ volodymyr Maniak, 57, noted to Robin in 1942. hammer and sickle. Currently, the tor of the history sections in Entsyk– journalist, writer and co-president ^ The Ukrainian Sister Servants liner is offering cruises from hiorida lopedia Ukrainoznavstva and U– of Memorial, a society established in of Mary immaculate this year mark– to Belize, Honduras and Cancun. kraine: A Concise Encyclopaedia; 1989 to combat neo-Stalinism, pro- ed the centennial of their founding 9 The Washington Group's sixth longtime president of the Ukrainian mote democracy and human rights, in Zhuzhel, Ukraine, in 1902, they annual Leadership Conference took Academy of Arts and Sciences in the and provide aid to former political began their work in Canada, where place on October 9-11 in the na– U.S., honorary president of the prisoners, which, under Mr. Ma– they are currently based. tion's capital. Continuing to con– Ukrainian Historical Society and niak's direction, was reorganized as ^ Contrary to media reports, centrate on stimulating Ukraine– honorary member of the Shev– the All-Ukrainian Association of Radio Liberty did not cease broad- U.S. relations, the conference's chenko Scientific Society - Lud– Researchers of the Genocidal Fa- casting in 1992, but actually ex– theme this year was "Developing a low, Mass., February 16. mine of 1932-1933; compiler and panded. it's Ukrainian Service was New Democracy: U.S.-Ukraine Re– editor of the 1990 commemorative upgraded on February 14 to the lations." However, an undercurrent ^ Dr. Mykhailo Snihurovych, 77, monograph "Famine 33м - in a bus status of a broadcasting department discussion about the two U.S. pre– community leader and activist; gra– accident en route from Tomashivka, due to a 10 to 15 percent increase in sidential nominees buzzed through duate of the Ukrainian Free Univer– Chernihiv oblast, to Kiev, June 23. 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 27,1992 No. 52 1992: A LOOK BACK

^ lgnatius Billinsky, 74, president ^ Mykhailo Moroz, 88, renowned of typesetting, became "Reporter's mayets both covered events asso– of the Ukrainian Congress Commit– Ukrainian artist whose paintings, Dairy." if readers remember her ciated with the first anniversary of tee of America; upon returning to mostly landscapes and portraits, farewell column two weeks later, Ukraine's independent statehood, it the U.S. from Ukraine in 1947, co- were closely tied to the Expres– they will recall that the typo was was Ms. Lew who got to cover the founder and president of the Orga– sionist tradition; a student at the somewhat apt. government crisis in Ukraine, when nization for the Defense of Four Novakivsky Art School in Lviv, U– The Weekly's search for a replace– Prime Minister vitold Fokin "resign– Freedoms for Ukraine,and a leading kraine and at the Conservatoire ment staffer began immediately, but ed" and the Cabinet of Ministers was member of the Ukrainian Liberation National des Arts et Metiers and it lasted much longer than we would dismissed. Unfortunately, Ms. Lew Front; editor of the newspaper Ame– l'Academie Julian in Paris; after have liked. We received a good took ill at the end of October and rica; founding member and general emigrating to the U.S., he exhibited number of fine applications for the was forced to come home until she secretary of the World Congress of extensively in the U.S., Canada and job (a sincere thanks to all those recovered. She is expected to return Free Ukrainians (WCFU); holder of Europe; his last retrospective ex– prospective staffers). As we were to Kiev in early January. key positions in the Anti-Bolshevik hibit was at The Ukrainian Museum narrowing down our choices, ano– Meanwhile, Ms. Kolomayets re- Bloc of Nations, the National Cap– in New York in 1990; recipient of ther staffer, Tamara Tershakovec, turned to the capital for a three- tive Nations Committee, the World many awards (among them Prix de an editorial assistant who never week period to fill in - mostly to Anti-Communist League, and the Paris, Galeries Raymond Duncan, turned down a challenge, an– cover the fourth congress of Rukh. 1961; and the Gold Medal, Aca– nounced she was leaving to travel WCFU FamineCommission– Phila– Back home in Jersey City, The demia ltalia delle Arti e del Lavoro, across the United States before delphia, August 4. Weekly continued Chris Guly's Parma, 1980); Mr. Moroz's paintings deciding what to do with "the rest of "Centennial Sojourn" column to are in the state museums in Lviv and her life." Now we had two openings ^ Petro Mehyk, 93, artist, art mark the 100th of Ukrainian settle– Kiev, the Ukrainian Museum in ... We said our good-byes to Ms. educator and editor; founding mem– ment in Canada (where else would Rome, The White House, as well as Tershakovec on August 28, bidding ber of the Ukrainian Art Association we have heard about the giant "py– in many private collections through- her a bon voyage. Spokiy in Warsaw and active mem– rogy" monument in Glendon, Al– out the world - Staten island, N.Y., Before that, however, on June 29 ber of the Ukrainian Art Associa– berta?), while virko Baley gave us September 27. and 30, respectively, Andrij Wynny– tion in Lviv; upon emigrating to the "Notes from the Podium." ckyj of Toronto and Roman Woro– U.S., founder in 1952 of the Ukrai– Awilda Arzola, our dedicated nowycz of Detroit came on board at nian Art Studio in Philadelphia ь lvan Svitlychny, 63, renowned typesetter (we're sure she was The Weekly. As of October 1 they which operated until 1984; founding literary critic, translator, poet, dissi– heaven sent), helped us through the were formally appointed to the staff member of the Ukrainian Artists' dent and human-rights activist; ups and downs of 1992, as did lka as staff writers7editors. Association and editor of the art graduate of the University of Khar– Koznarska Casanova, our part-time Each brought different talents to journal Notatky Mystetstva (1963- kiv, editor of the journal Radianske editorial staffer. Dana Rigalski per– the job. Mr. Wynnyckyj's forte is 1990) - Philadelphia, August 26. Literaturoznavstvo; dismissed from formed valiantly as our paste-up translation, while Mr. Woronowycz his position at the institute of Litera– person. ^ Millicent Fenwick, 82, con– ture of the Ukrainian Academy of is a journalist by training. Mr. gresswoman from New Jersey, who Arts and Sciences and first arrested Wynnyckyj pledged to learn the There were many other regular served four terms in the House of in 1965 for having smuggled abroad news-biz, while Mr. Woronowycz correspondents who continued to Representatives between 1975 and the poetry and diary of vasyl Symo– put us on notice that he didn't want contribute to The Weekly (you, dear 1983; introduced the resolution that nenko; upon his release, active in to merely sit at a desk. readers, know who they are), and we created the Commission on Secu– the circulation of samvydav and in That he didn't do. When an inter- are mighty grateful to them for rity and Cooperation in Europe the defense of dissidents such as national regatta of tall ships sailed enriching the pages of the ex– (Helsinki Commission); a tireless vasyl Stus; arrested once more in into New York Harbor for festivities panded Weekly. Yes, this was and effective proponent of human 1972, and sentenced to seven years' marking the 500th anniversary of the year we began to publish 20- rights, especially vigilant in defend– hard labor and five years' internal Columbus' voyage to the New and 24-page issues. For the record, ing individual cases of political exile, serving his terms in camps in World, Mr. Woronowycz was put on the first 20-pager was dated Feb– prisoners, among them many Ukrai– Mordovia, Perm and the Urals, the ships7sailors beat, it turned out ruary 2, while the first 24-pager, on nians - New Jersey, September 17. where he fell seriously ill; upon his to be more than a simple feature May 17, was devoted largely to release in 1984, he returned to Kiev story on proud ships representing President Leonid Kravchuk's U.S. ^ Ostap Tarnawsky, 74, writer permanently crippled; named a their respective countries, among visit. and journalist, president of the member of international PEN in them Ukraine (but, well, you remem– The Weekly became a serious Ukrainian Writers Association Slovo, 1976 and included on Amnesty ber). Needless to say, Mr. Woro– source of information on Ukraine for a member of international PEN; international's list of prisoners of nowycz did not sit at his desk very serious scholars as, more and more author of five collections of poetry, a conscience throughout the 1970s much. He was joined on that beat by often, its articles were footnoted in book of short stories and books of and 1980s; Mr. Svitlychny is closely Mr. Wynnyckyj, and the two staffers various publications. The Prague essays as well as numerous transla– identified with the Shestydesiatnyky. got their first bylines covering all Post, an English-language news- tions into Ukrainian of English, writers of the 1960s; in the late aspects of Operation Sail and re– paper published in the Czech re- American, German and Polish poets; 1980s some of his works and articles lated events. (Readers probably are public, began regularly using The his last large-scale work was a about him began to appear in the still wondering what Mr. Wynnyckyj Weekly's reports from Ukraine in translation of Shakespeare's son- Soviet press - Kiev, October 25. was writing about in his article on its column on developments in nets - Philadelphia, September 19. the regatta controversy when he Eastern Europe. ^ Heorhiy Mayboroda, 79, re– concluded with a reference to mer– Finally, this year, on the occasion ^ Edward Kozak (EKO), 90, paint– nowned Ukrainian composer and maids singing tragic operatic arias.) of The Weekly's 59th anniversary er, illustrator, writer, satirist and former head of the Ukrainian Corn- On the Eastern Front, Marta Kolo– (with an eye on the paper's 60th next editor; studied at the vienna Art poser's Union; recipient of the Taras mayets returned for her second tour year), we published a question– School and the Novakivsky School Shevchenko Prize in 1963; a gra– of duty in the Kiev Press Bureau naire., for readers to fill out in order of Art in Lviv; a witty catalyst in Lviv's duate and later professor at the Kiev from mid-January through August, to let us know how we're doing. art circles, longtime editor of satiri– Conservatory; his symphonic corn- in addition to covering all aspects of More on that early next year — once cal periodicals as well as children's positions have been characterized activity in thefledgling(there's that the holiday rush is over (we pro– magazines both in Ukraine and in as monumental, marked by heroic word again - we promised to out- mise). the United States; founder of the and patriotic themes; among his law it after Ukraine celebrated one To conclude, we thank our faithful magazine Lys Mykytain 1948, which best known compositions are the year of independence) state of U– readers, and we wish them and our offered satirical commentary on the operas "Mylana," "Arsenal," 'Taras kraine, Ms. Kolomayets journeyed colleagues nothing but the best in social, religious and political scene Shevchenko" and "Yaroslav Mudryi" to the battle zone of Trans-Dnistria. 1993. May the new year bring you of the Ukrainian diaspora; a painter, and the symphony "Hutsul Rhap– in August, assistant editor Khris– and your families health, happiness known for his Ukrainian motifs as sody"; composer also of symphonic tina Lew left for Ukraine to take up and prosperity. And, oh yes, keep on well as caricatures and cartoons, poems, concertos, choral works, the Kiev post. She and Ms. Kolo– reading. who exhibited extensively through- variations on Ukrainian folksongs as out the U.S. and Canada - Warren, well as musical scores for films. - Mich., September 22. Kiev, December 7. Meanwhile, at The Weekly The year at the Weekly could best 1991 through January 1992, Ms. be described as a year of transition Lapychak decided she just couldn't (although the term "chaos" could stay away from Ukraine at such a oftentimes be substituted). historic time. She took on a position in February, we bid a fond fare- as a stringer for The Christian well to Chrystyna "Lapster" Lapy– Science Monitor and lately has chak, a dedicated team player and become affiliated with The Los an associate editor who had been on Angeles Times as well. Her next-to- the staff since 1986. After serving in last column (usually called "Re- the Kiev Press Bureau from July porter's Diary"), through the magic