DOCSLIB.ORG

Annus Albaruthenicus 2007 2007

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annus Albaruthenicus 2007 2007 ANNUS ALBARUTHENICUS 2007 ГОД БЕЛАРУСКІ 2007 VILLA SOKRATES ANNUS ALBARUTHENICUS 2007 ГОД БЕЛАРУСКІ 2007 ВОСЬМЫ ТОМ Рэдактар САКРАТ ЯНОВІЧ KRYNKI 2007 Выдавецкае афармленьне: ЮРКА ХМЯЛЕЎСКІ Рэцэнзенты: prof. dr hab. Jerzy Tomaszewski prof. dr hab. Antoni Mironowicz Editor: STOWARZYSZENIE VILLA SOKRATES 16-120 KRYNKI POLAND Phone: (+48 – 85) 722 81 44 E-mail: [email protected] Друк: OFFSET-PRINT BIAŁYSTOK © Copyright by Villa Sokrates ISSN 1640-3320 Zrealizowano dzięki dotacji Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji ЗЬМЕСТ – CONTENTS Yury Vashkievich, Metamorphoses of Sovietism..................................................7 Ryszard Radzik, Der weißrussische und tschechische nationsschöpferische Prozess im 19. und zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts: Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede............................................................................................29 Aliaksandar Smalianchuk, Belarusian National Idea in the Early Twentieth Century ..........................................................................................................55 Pavel Tserashkovich, Social Preconditions of National Revival of the Peoples in the East of Central Eastern Europe in the 19th – early 20th Centuries (Belarusians, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians)........................69 Miroslav Hroh, Nation as a Product of Social Communication? (Report on the issue of comparison of the Czech and Belarusian „models”) .......... 111 Miloš Řezník, Historische Staatlichkeit und Nationalbewegung: ein weißrussisch-tschechischer Vergleich.....................................................131 Ewa Bacia, Entstehung des Sozialkapitals als Folge der historisch-kulturellen Bedingungen (am Beispiel einer Vergleichsuntersuchung zwischen zwei Ortschaften: Krynki/Ostpolen und Letschin/Ostdeutschland)......................145 Michael Fleming, Talking about Białowieża: Recent problems and issues .....163 Arnold McMillin, Three poets of the future: Valžyna Mort, Volha Hapiejeva and Vika Trenas ...........................................................................................173 Alena Tabolich, Sakrat Yanovich’s Prose: Stylistic Peculiarities in Translating ...............................................................................................201 Алена Таболіч, Пераклады паэзіі..................................................................207 Eva Stsepaniuk, A hole into the sky .................................................................221 Sakrat Yanovich, No regret... ...........................................................................225 Pálfalvi Lajos, Müvek a fehérorosz irodalom poszttotalitárius korszakából ...237 З іспанскай паэзіі .............................................................................................283 З ірляндзкай паэзіі ...........................................................................................285 З цыганскай паэзіі ...........................................................................................287 Карліс Скалбэ, Цудоўная скрынка................................................................289 Алеха Карпенцер, Выбраныя ........................................................................297 Rezensionen ......................................................................................................307 Skizze ................................................................................................................347 Varia ..................................................................................................................357 6 Yury Vashkievich Юры Вашкевіч Metamorphoses of Sovietism elarus is experiencing a diffi cult period of its development. The consequences of a long-term reign of totalitarianism in this country proved much more serious than initially expected. The B prospects of political, economic and social changes also proved more complicated than assumed. Numerous arising diffi culties, the problem of democratisation of Belarusian state and social institutions as well as the nature of development of political processes may be to a considerable extent explained by the heavy burden of the communist system legacy. A further devel- opment requires not only delineation of goals but also a precise analysis of the totalitarian past. This is not possible without being aware of the basic peculiarities of the Soviet communism as a political, sociological and cultural phenomenon. Neo-communist tendencies resurging recently in Belarusian society increase inter- est in the analysis of problems connected with the way it is functioning. Part of it is the phenomenon of Sovietism, the Soviet man that revealed itself on a massive scale and developed in the time of USSR but still exists losing, however, its close connection with the „maternal womb.” This means it is still alive. Therefore an 7 Yury Vashkievich understanding of the phenomenon of „Sovietism” itself has not only a cognitive and theoretical, but also a quite practical meaning. It is necessary to emphasise that as far as the Soviet society is concerned, paral- lels with other societies, both in historical and social-political respect, often fail. The Soviet society was a new historical type. Therefore its accurate description requires focusing especially on terminology and meaning since the system created by the Bolscheviks differed considerably from previous formations. It was found- ed on communist ideology and class struggle theory, it introduced state-exclusive property, one party dictatorship, absolute centralisation of power and abolition of distribution of authority. Together with a complex chain of state and party control it constituted a perfectly tailored set of tools for the party dictatorship. The abso- lute power of the communist party facilitated an effective elimination of noncon- formism. At the same time, a careful selection elevated bureaucrats, role models of a perfect Soviet man for millions of its co-citizens, to the top of the party hierarchy. For the Bolsheviks, the justifi cation of the coup d’etat was the power that made the building of utopia possible. They also believed they had on their hands the key to the secret of social development and a magical recipe for a miracle. They needed the man, inhabitant of this utopia, a man-cogwheel of the state machine. The idea of this type of individual was nothing new; it came from the nineteenth-century Russian theories of socialism. Its then-contemporary prototype was the „new man” intended to carry out a revolution in tsar’s Russia and to introduce socialism. It is of this kind of man that the Russian „Narodniks” dreamed trying to unite with the people to enlighten them and prepare them for the revolution. Their activity in this direction amounted mainly to attempts at forming the new mentality. Its manifestation was to be a negative attitude towards Christian tradition and its spiritual values. It was an activity of the new type of people that considered every way of fi ghting for their ideals to be right. This model of the new man found its incarnation in the attitudes of activists and ideologists of the Bolshevik coup. The Soviet man of the post-revolution era took to creating a new social-political order. In reality, it was a struggle with the world of universal values in the name of rela- tive ones subordinate to the idea of socialism-communism. In the mature period of totalitarianism, „Sovietism” spread wider and wider, engulfi ng greater and greater number of people that did not have any infl uence on politics, economy or social life. They were characterised by conformism and acquiescence of the existence of the ruling system. The totalitarian system formed individuals that reasoned in categories detached 8 from reality and closely connected with the ideology. Soviet people constituted a Metamorphoses of Sovietism collective founded on a specifi c ideology, because the latter had a decisive infl u- ence on moulding their outlook on life. It was thanks to this ideology that they possessed a few constant peculiarities. The basic ones were the lack of individuali- sation of person, which results from the fact of „collectivist” upbringing, and the all-relativising ideologized consciousness. In this consciousness, there is no place for absolute values of a metaphysical-religious dimension, nor is there a place for such freedom that would serve those values. The Soviet man was enslaved spir- itually to such an extent that he no longer felt the very need for liberty. A typical manifestation of this enslavement was a total lack of responsibility. „A Soviet” did not feel responsible for anything or anyone. If he was a part of the state machinery, he justifi ed everything he did in terms of his mission for the society; he thought he understood the meaning of history, calling for creation of a bright future. If, on the contrary, he was an ordinary citizen, he became an obedi- ent executor of decisions of the leaders. That is why a long-term functioning of the communist system was possible only under the condition that „new man,” was created. In doctrinal terms, this type arose under circumstances of Bolshevism, i.e. Leninism and its logical continuation, Stalinism, established on the national Rus- sian tradition and on a suitably adapted Marxist doctrine. The whole Soviet history eventually amounts to a history of forming the Soviet man, creating conditions under which an individual loses his or her primary motivation to act, begins to absorb and to accumulate dogmas delivered by the newly created
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pdf, 945.96 KB
    REVIEWS POLEMICS DOI: 10.48261/pjs200119 Tomasz Domański PhD1 Institute of National Remembrance Delegation in Kielce CORRECTING THE PICTURE? SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE USE OF SOURCES IN DALEJ JEST NOC. LOSY ŻYDÓW W WYBRANYCH POWIATACH OKUPOWANEJ POLSKI [NIGHT WITHOUT AN END. THE FATE OF JEWS IN SELECTED COUNTIES OF OCCUPIED POLAND], ED. B. ENGELKING, J. GRABOWSKI, STOWARZYSZENIE CENTRUM BADAŃ NAD ZAGŁADĄ ŻYDÓW [POLISH CENTER FOR HOLOCAUST RESEARCH], WARSAW 2018, VOL. 1, ISBN: 9788363444600, 868 PP., VOL. 2, ISBN: 9788363444631, 832 PP.2 lthough many books have been written on the fate of the Jews in German- -occupied Poland,3 the death of around three million Polish Jews still A motivates successive generations of Holocaust scholars and researchers studying the history of Poland’s Jewish community to take up the subject. After 1989, i.e. after Poland regained its independence and cast off the restrictions of Communist 1 I would like to kindly thank all those who have helped me prepare this review by sharing their comments and observations with me. I am especially grateful to Maciej Korkuć PhD from the Cracow Branch of the Polish Institute of National Remembrance. 2 This review refers to the entirety of the book (Night without an end. The fate of Jews in selected counties of occupied Poland, vol. 1–2, ed. Barbara Engelking, Jan Grabowski, Warsaw 2018) with a special focus on Łuków, Złoczów and Miechów counties (powiaty). The abbreviated titleNight without an end is used throughout this article. 3 I use the terms ‘Germans’ and ‘German’ instead of ‘Nazis’ and ‘Nazi’ because all the persons of German origin (by occupation-era standards) employed in the administrative apparatus of the occupied territories were in fact acting on behalf of the German state, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • International MAG Convention “The Image of the Self” PROGRAM
    International MAG Convention “The Image of the Self” Andrey Sheptytsky Center Ukrainian Catholic University Lviv, Ukraine June 27-29, 2018 PROGRAM International Association for the Humanities (MAG) American Council of Learned Societies Ukrainian Catholic University Support for the convention was received from: Foundation to Promote Open Society Carnegie Corporation of New York International Renaissance Foundation Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) Lviv City Council About MAG The International Association for the Humanities (MAG) was founded in 2007 by advisers of the Humanities Program in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine, which was organized by the American Council of Learned Societies with support from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. As a network of networks in Eastern Europe and Eurasia, MAG serves similar functions to those that ASEEES (Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies) does in North America. Both associations are international, interdisciplinary meeting places for scholars. In its brief history, MAG has conducted competitions for research and for travel grants, and has published the Internet magazine, TheBridge-MOCT (thebridge- moct.org). About UCU The Ukrainian Catholic University is an open academic community and a private institution for education and research, living the Eastern Christian tradition and forming leaders to serve with professional excellence in Ukraine and internationally. The University’s priorities are: a well-grounded humanities education, socially-aware orientation of the instructional process, and the spiritual dimension of education. CONVENTION SPONSORS The International Association for the Humanities (MAG) thanks all of the convention sponsors whose generous contribution and support help to promote the continued growth and visibility of our Association during our convention.
    [Show full text]
  • The Position of the Ukrainian Language in Ukraine
    The Position of the Ukrainian Language in Ukraine Phd Thesis submitted August 1998 School of Slavonic and East European Studies Jennifer Elizabeth Pickurel Taylor ProQuest Number: 10016058 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10016058 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 The Position of Ukrainian Language in Ukraine Acknowledgements 2 Synopsis 3 Chapter One; Language Planning and State Languages 4 Chapter Two: Language Planning in Ukraine 38 Chapter Three: Languages and State-building in Ukraine 77 Chapter Four: Media in Ukraine 115 152 Supplement Chapter Five: Education in Ukraine 160 Chapter Six: Beyond politics: Internal Problems of the 190 Ukrainian Language Conclusions: 239 Bibliography: 251 Acknowledgements: I would like to thank first of all my supervisor Jim Dingley for his support, help and encouragement, regardless - not to mention his unparalleled expertise on all matters Ukrainian. I would also like to thank my wonderful husband, my parents, both sets, and Cara, and John, for their support and encouragement. I have also greatly benefited from the support of a lot of super friends both in London and at home in Virginia, especially Emily, Rob and Beate.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Borderland На Прикордонні На Пограничье
    Розділ 1. Теорія та історія культури 147 UDC 730(477.54-25) Shevchenko Svedlow, Andrew J., Ph.D., Professor of Art History, University of Northern Colorado. Greeley, Colorado, USA IN THE BORDERLAND This essay was completed by the author while serving as a Fulbright Scholar assigned to the Kharkiv State Academy of Culture in March 2010. The paper studies the symbolic aspects of the famous monument to Taras Shevchenko in Kharkiv. According to the author, the figure of Katerina is symbolic of the strength of the mother as a metaphor for the state’s ability to lead and protect. The figure of the «Dying Haidamaka» symbolizes the fighting spirit of the revolutionary to fight and die for his country. Built in 1935, the monument was meant to transform the nationalist sentiments in Shevchenko’s poetry into feelings of allegiance to the communist state. However, all these attempts have failed. In contemporary Ukraine this monument is honored and acknowledged not as a symbol of Stalinist Socialist Realism but as a testament to the valor and persistence of the Ukrainian people and state. Manizer’s monumental public sculpture provides an authentic experience that helps the visitor unfold something of Ukrainian history and national identity. Key words: Manizer, Taras Shevchenko, monument, sculpture, symbolism, Socialist Realism, national identity. Ендрю Дж. Сведлоу, професор мистецтвознавства та історії мистецтва, Університет Північного Колорадо, США НА ПРИКОРДОННІ Ця праця виконана автором під час відрядження до Харківської державної академії культури в межах програми академічних обмінів ім. Фулбрайта в березні 2010 р. Розглянуто символічні аспекти знаменитого пам’ятника Тарасові Шевченку в Харкові.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Marxism-Leninism and the Non-Russian Nations
    The Captive Nations TO MRS. C. I. STRALEM IN DEEPEST RESPECf THE CAPTIVE NATIONS Nationalism 0/ the Non-Russian Nations in the Soviet Union Roman Smal-Stocki fr. 9~ .,- Marquette- University With a Pre/ace by LEV E. DOBRIANSKY lnatitute 01 Ethnic Studies Georgetown Un.vemty COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY PRESS New Haven, Connecticut IJat @ 1960 by Boo Library of s Catalog Number: 60-10539 UND EDmON PUBLISHED BY COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY PREss PAPERBAClC DIVISION REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION OF BOOKMAN TES, INC. MANlJFA IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMElUCA BY lJNITIl:D C IERVlCBI, INC. NEW IIAVD. OONM. Foreword "Uncivilized peoples love liberty, civilized peoples love order, and there can be no order without autocracy ... Autocracy is the soul, the life of Russia," . NICHOLAS JtAJlAMZIN, Father of modem Ruadara hfatoftl (1766-18!8) "I have sworn upon the altar of God, eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man." THOMAS jD'i'ERSON It is surely not beyond the realm of probability for the United States and the entire Free World to suffer disastrous defeat under the claws of the present Russian Empire. Con­ trary to superficial opinion, the possibility of such a humiliat­ ing outcome does not necessarily imply the precondition of any hot global war. Indeed, on the basis of the history of the past and present Russian Empire, it can be readily shown that the Russian prerequisite for success is the scrupulous avoidance of an out-and-out war, despite characteristic Russian threats of a world-wide holocaust. Thus, if the defeat of the United States should come to pass, it would not be the result of any technologic lag, inadequacy in missile production, backwardness in space exploration, deficiency in conventional arms and men, domes­ tic inflation, or an inability to cope with a fictitious over-all eco­ nomic competition posed by Moscow and its empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers
    Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Harsha Ram, Chair Professor Irina Paperno Professor Yuri Slezkine Fall 2010 ABSTRACT Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Harsha Ram, Chair The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 reminded many that “Soviet” and “Russian” were not synonymous, but this distinction continues to be overlooked when discussing Soviet literature. Like the Soviet Union, Soviet literature was a consciously multinational, multiethnic project. This dissertation approaches Soviet literature in its broadest sense – as a cultural field incorporating texts, institutions, theories, and practices such as writing, editing, reading, canonization, education, performance, and translation. It uses archival materials to analyze how Soviet literary institutions combined Russia’s literary heritage, the doctrine of socialist realism, and nationalities policy to conceptualize the national literatures, a term used to define the literatures of the non-Russian peripheries. It then explores how such conceptions functioned in practice in the early 1930s, in both Moscow and Baku, the capital of Soviet Azerbaijan. Although the debates over national literatures started well before the Revolution, this study focuses on 1932-34 as the period when they crystallized under the leadership of the Union of Soviet Writers.
    [Show full text]
  • Cemeteries in Cross-Border Regions. Vita Memoriae
    ISSN 1691-5038 DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF THE HUMANITIES INSTITUTE OF COMPARATIVE STUDIES CEMETERIES IN CROSS-BORDER REGIONS. VITA MEMORIAE COMPARATIVE STUDIES Vol. VI (2) DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC PRESS ìSAULEî ~ 2015 ~ Comparative Studies. Cemeteries in Cross-border Regions. Vita Memoriae. Vol. VI (2). Daugavpils: Daugavpils University Academic Press ìSauleî, (2014) 2015. 136 p. The publication of the Issue has been approved at Daugavpils University Science Council meeting on December 19, 2014, Minutes No. 13. Editors-in-chief: Maija Burima ñ project ìPopularization of the centres of oral history in the LV-BY cross-border areaî, manager Sergey Pivovarchik ñ project ìPopularization of the centres of oral history in the LV-BY cross- border areaî, local manager Scientific Committee of the Issue Comparative Studies. Cemeteries in Cross-border Regions. Vita Memoriae. Vol. VI (2) Bente Aamotsbakken, Dr. philos., Norway Maija Burima, Dr. philol., professor, Latvia André Filler, Dr. hist., associate professor, France Fjodors Fjodorovs, Dr. habil. philol., professor, Latvia Rahilya Geybullayeva, Dr. philol., professor, Azerbaijan Jeanne E. Glesener, Dr. philol., associate professor, Luxembourg JanÓna KursÓte-Pakule, Dr. habil. philol., professor, Latvia Yordan Lyutskanov, Dr. philol., associate professor, Bulgaria Malan Marnesdóttir, Dr. phil., professor, Faroe Islands Vanesa Matajc, Dr. philol., associate professor, Slovenia Eva Maagerø, professor, Norway Sandra Mekova, Dr. philol., associate professor, Latvia Anneli Mihkelev, Dr. phil., associate professor, Estonia Margarita Odesskaya, Dr. philol., professor, Russia Sergey Pivovarchik, Dr. hist., professor, Belarus Irma Ratiani, Dr. philol., professor, Georgia Elena Sadovskaya, Dr. philol., docent, Belarus Tigran S. Simyan, PhD, associate professor, Armenia ElÓna VasiÔjeva, Dr. philol., associate professor, Latvia Marina Yakoltsevitch, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Becoming Soviet: Lost Cultural Alternatives In
    BECOMING SOVIET: LOST CULTURAL ALTERNATIVES IN UKRAINE, 1917-1933 Olena Palko, MA, BA (Hons.) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of History December 2016© ‘This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition any quotation or extract must include full attribution.’ Abstract This doctoral thesis investigates the complex and multi-faceted process of the cultural sovietisation of Ukraine. The study argues that different political and cultural projects of a Soviet Ukraine were put to the test during the 1920s. These projects were developed and executed by representatives of two ideological factions within the Communist Party of Bolsheviks of Ukraine: one originating in the pre-war Ukrainian socialist and communist movements, and another with a clear centripetal orientation towards Moscow. The representatives of these two ideological horizons endorsed different approaches to defining Soviet culture. The unified Soviet canon in Ukraine was an amalgamation of at least two different Soviet cultural projects: Soviet Ukrainian culture and Soviet culture in the Ukrainian language. These two visions of Soviet culture are examined through a biographical study of two literary protagonists: the Ukrainian poet Pavlo Tychyna (1891-1967) and the writer Mykola Khvyl'ovyi (1893-1933). Overall, three equally important components, contributing to Ukraine’s sovietisation, are discussed: the power struggle among the Ukrainian communist elites; the manipulation of the tastes and expectations of the audience; and the ideological and aesthetic evolution of Ukraine’s writers in view of the first two components.
    [Show full text]
  • Attractions to Visit in Minsk
    More attractions to visit in Minsk (excluding those included in the Free Walking Tour) LOSHITSA PARK (take the bus 102 or trolley bus 6 to «Kamvol′nyy Kombinat» stop from the central railway station). This is the most romantic park in Minsk. You will find apple orchards and the ruins of a mill where according to legend a young girl hanged herself in the name of love. VICTORY SQUARE AND MONUMENT («Plošča Pieramohi» metro station) is the oldest park named after the well-known soviet writer Maxim Gorky. This is a central recreational area of Minsk with children’s rides, a couple of simple cafes and the training center of the Hockey Club Yunost-Minsk (where even in summer you can see snow when they are cleaning the ice in the rink). THE MILITARY CEMETERY (Kazlova vul. 11). In addition to quite a few Belarusian cultural figures buried here (Yanka Kupala, Yakub Kolas, Kuzma Chorny), there is a beautiful Church of St. Alexander Nevsky, built in the late 19th century. KASTRYČNICKAJA STREET is an industrial part of Minsk which has a huge colorful street with graffiti artwork in the style of Belarusian folklore made by Belarusian and Brazilian artists among huge Soviet factories. It is known as an alternative hipster district amongst locals. NATIONAL LIBRARY (Ushod metro station) is a «space-station-like» building in the shape of diamond that attracts the attention of everyone who is on the way from Minsk airport to the city center. Come here to explore well-organised reading rooms and one of the best observation decks in the city.
    [Show full text]
  • Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946
    Rückenstärke cvr_eu: 39,0 mm Rückenstärke cvr_int: 34,9 mm Eastern European Culture, 12 Eastern European Culture, Politics and Societies 12 Politics and Societies 12 Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Pogrom Cries – Essays on Polish-Jewish History, 1939–1946 Pogrom Cries – Essays This book focuses on the fate of Polish “From page one to the very end, the book Tokarska-Bakir Joanna Jews and Polish-Jewish relations during is composed of original and novel texts, the Holocaust and its aftermath, in the which make an enormous contribution on Polish-Jewish History, ill-recognized era of Eastern-European to the knowledge of the Holocaust and its pogroms after the WW2. It is based on the aftermath. It brings a change in the Polish author’s own ethnographic research in reading of the Holocaust, and offers totally 1939–1946 those areas of Poland where the Holo- unknown perspectives.” caust machinery operated, as well as on Feliks Tych, Professor Emeritus at the the extensive archival query. The results Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw 2nd Revised Edition comprise the anthropological interviews with the members of the generation of Holocaust witnesses and the results of her own extensive archive research in the Pol- The Author ish Institute for National Remembrance Joanna Tokarska-Bakir is a cultural (IPN). anthropologist and Professor at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish “[This book] is at times shocking; however, Academy of Sciences at Warsaw, Poland. it grips the reader’s attention from the first She specialises in the anthropology of to the last page. It is a remarkable work, set violence and is the author, among others, to become a classic among the publica- of a monograph on blood libel in Euro- tions in this field.” pean perspective and a monograph on Jerzy Jedlicki, Professor Emeritus at the the Kielce pogrom.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers
    Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Harsha Ram, Chair Professor Irina Paperno Professor Yuri Slezkine Fall 2010 ABSTRACT Between Moscow and Baku: National Literatures at the 1934 Congress of Soviet Writers by Kathryn Douglas Schild Doctor of Philosophy in Slavic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Harsha Ram, Chair The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 reminded many that “Soviet” and “Russian” were not synonymous, but this distinction continues to be overlooked when discussing Soviet literature. Like the Soviet Union, Soviet literature was a consciously multinational, multiethnic project. This dissertation approaches Soviet literature in its broadest sense – as a cultural field incorporating texts, institutions, theories, and practices such as writing, editing, reading, canonization, education, performance, and translation. It uses archival materials to analyze how Soviet literary institutions combined Russia’s literary heritage, the doctrine of socialist realism, and nationalities policy to conceptualize the national literatures, a term used to define the literatures of the non-Russian peripheries. It then explores how such conceptions functioned in practice in the early 1930s, in both Moscow and Baku, the capital of Soviet Azerbaijan. Although the debates over national literatures started well before the Revolution, this study focuses on 1932-34 as the period when they crystallized under the leadership of the Union of Soviet Writers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of World War Ii on Ethnic, Religious And
    Pol. J. Appl. Sci., 2016, 2, 99-103 THE IMPACT OF WORLD WAR II ON ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE BIALYSTOK PROVINCE Krzysztof Sychowicz The Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, Lomza, Poland E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The Białystok Voivodeship, which used to exist before the Second World War, similarly to the rest of the eastern territory of the Second Polish Republic, was characterized by a considerable variety of nations and religions. In spite of minor misunderstandings, there were no serious conflicts. The situation changed completely during the Second World War. One of the reasons was the cooperation between the representatives of some national groups with the invaders. The black page in history was the extermination of Jewish population, which constituted a considerable part of the Second Polish Republic society, by the Germans. All of the above as well as establishing new Polish eastern border after 1944 led to the emergence of new, more homogeneous society. Key words: Religion, national minorities, Podlaskie Voivodeship, occupation, security apparatus Many elements, such as religion, language, or nationa- mass extermination of the Polish and Jewish population lity, had and still have influence on the relationship between and national conflicts, contributed to this fact [6]. living next to each groups,. It was evident especially in the The element which underwent a change became also a areas of the pre-war Bialystok province, which was domici- religious structure, which was indirectly affected by the led by Poles, Jews, Germans, Belarusians and Lithuanians. Soviet-Lithuanian agreement of 10 October 1939 on the The relations between them were not always correct due transfer of Vilnius and part of the Vilnius Region to Li- to the internal policy of the Polish state which was formed thuania.
    [Show full text]