Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS

Please click on a link below: Acknowledgements Definition of a Native Plant Worthy of Landscape Use Advantages of Native Plants The Landscape Industry Exotic Plants Synopsis The Purpose Bibliography Acer saccharum ‘Caddo’ Aesculus pavia Alnus maritima Amorpha canescens Ampelopsis cordata Aronia arbutifolia ‘Brilliantissina’ Asimina triloba Bignonia capreolata Bumelia lanuginosa Campsis radicans Carpinus caroliniana Carya illinoensis Ceanothus americanus Celastrus scandens Celtis laevigata Celtis occidentalis ‘Prairie Pride’ Celtis reticulata Cephalanthus occidentalis Cercis canadensis var. texensis ‘Oklahoma’ Chrysothamnus nauseosus Cladrastis kentukea Cocculus carolinus Previous Page Next Page Cornus drummondii Cotinus americanus (obovatus) Diospyros virginiana Gymnocladus dioicus Ilex decidua Itea virginica Juglans nigra Juniperus monosperma Juniperus virginiana Lonicera sempervirens Magnolia acuminata Maclura pomifera ‘White Shield’ Nyssa sylvatica ‘Miss Scarlet’ Opuntia imbricata Parthenocissus quinquefolia Passiflora lutea Pinus edulis Pinus ponderosa Pinus taeda Populus deltoides ‘Robusta’ Prosopis glandulosa Prunus angustifolia Prunus mexicana Ptelea trifoliata Quercus gambelii Quercus macrocarpa Quercus marilandica Quercus muhlenbergi Quercus nigra Quercus phellos Quercus prinoides Quercus rubra Quercus shumardii Quercus stellata Previous Page Next Page Quercus virginiana var. fusiformis Rhamnus caroliniana Rhus aromatica ‘Gro-low’ Rhus copallina Rhus glabra Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Purple Robe’ Rosa setigera Sapindus drummondii Sassafras albidum Smilax rotundifolia Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Ulmus crassifolia Viburnum rufidulum Vitis riparia Yucca elata Yucca glauca Bibliography

Previous Page Next Page UNDER UTILIZED NATIVE PLANTS FOR LANDSCAPE USE IN OKLAHOMA

RESEARCH TEXT BY RYAN DOMNICK, 1999-2000. MOST PHOTOS WERE TAKEN BY RYAN DOMNICK, 1997-2000. LAYOUT STYLE AND SETUP BY RYAN DOMNICK. I WISH TO THANK THE LOU WENTZ FOUNDATION FOR THE VITAL FUNDING TO MAKE THIS EXTENSIVE PROJECT POSSIBLE. I WISH TO THANK FACULTY MENTOR DR. LOU ANELLA FOR HIS ADVICE. I WISH TO THANK DR. LOU ANELLA AND DR. MICHAEL SCHNELLE FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTION OF SEVERAL KEY PLANT IMAGES AND SLIDES. AND ABOVE ALL, I THANK GOD FOR MAKING THIS ALL POSSIBLE. COPYRIGHT; RYAN DOMNICK, 2000 FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT: RYAN DOMNICK [email protected] [email protected]

Return to Table of Contents DEFINITION OF A NATIVE PLANT TO PLACE A FINITE DEFINITION ON THE TERM "NATIVE PLANT" PROVES TO BE A DIFFICULT TASK. THE GEOGRAPHIC RANGE OF A PLANT MAY RANGE FROM A VERY LARGE REGION (EASTERN RED CEDAR), TO A SMALL LOCALIZED MICROCLIMATE (QUARTZ MOUNTAIN LIVE OAK), OR IT MAY EXIST IN SEVERAL DISJUNCT POPULATIONS (AMERICAN SMOKE TREE). IN MANY CASES, THERE ARE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ORIGINAL NATIVE RANGE OF A SPECIES THAT IS NOW MORE WIDESPREAD (OSAGE ORANGE TREE) OR REDUCED (PAW PAW TREE) DUE TO THE INTENTIONAL OR INADVERTENT ACTIONS OF HUMANS. NATIVE RANGES SLOWLY CHANGE OVER TIME AS EVOLUTION AND NATURAL SELECTION OCCUR. WHILE THIS IS A COMPLEX ISSUE, FORTHE PURPOSE OF THIS BOOK, WE WILL USE THE FOLLOWING DEFINITION FOR A NATIVE PLANT: A PLANT THAT HAS BEEN FOUND IN SUFFICIENT ENOUGH NUMBERS TO SURVIVE IN A PARTICULAR AREA CONSISTENTLY FOR THE PREVIOUS 500 YEARS.

ALTHOUGH A PARTICULAR PLANT HAS A LIMITED NATIVE RANGE, IS MAY OR MAY NOT BE CONFINED EXCLUSIVELY TO THAT AREA. NATIVES WILL DO FINE OUTSIDE THEIR NATIVE RANGE IF THE APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ARE MET. SPECIFIC CULTIVARS THAT HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED IN OKLAHOMA ARE ALSO FAIRLY INCLUDED IN THIS BOOK UNDER THE NATIVE PLANT UMBRELLA. AN EXOTIC PLANT BY CONTRAST IS SIMPLY A SPECIES OR CULTIVAR THAT IS GROWING FAR AWAY FROM ITS NATIVE RANGE. NON-NATIVE SPECIES THAT HAVE ESCAPED CULTIVATION AND SURVIVE ON THEIR OWN IN THE WILD ARE REFERRED TO AS NATURALIZED.

WORTHY OF LANDSCAPE USE IN ORDER FOR A PLANT TO BE WORTHY OF LANDSCAPE USE, THE PLANT MUST POSSESS CERTAIN QUALIFYING ORNAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS ATTRACTIVE FLOWERS, FRUIT, FOLIAGE, FALL COLOR, BARK, TWIGS, ETC. DESIGN AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS FORM, COLOR, TEXTURE, LONGEVITY, GROWTH RATE, SIZE, ETC. ARE CONSIDERED AS WELL. THE MOST RECOMMENDED PLANTS CONTAIN MANY DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS WHILE THE MORE UNFAMILIAR PLANTS CONTAIN ONLY A FEW.

Return to Table of Contents ADVANTAGES OF NATIVE PLANTS OKLAHOMA’S NATIVE PLANTS HAVE EVOLVED TO OKLAHOMA’S HARSH, UNPREDICTABLE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OVER MANY THOUSANDS OF YEARS. NATIVE PLANTS ARE GENERALLY BETTER FOR CREATING AN ATTRACTIVE, FUNCTIONAL, SELF-SUSTAINING LANDSCAPE WHEN COMPARED TO EXOTIC PLANTS.

NATIVE PLANTS HELP MAINTAIN A HEALTHY ECOSYSTEM. THE NEED TO PROTECT OUR NATIVE FLORA FROM THE ENCROACHMENT OF EXOTICS IS INCREASINGLY CRITICAL. ECOSYSTEM BALANCE, SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION, WILDLIFE HABITAT, AND GENETIC BIODIVERSITY FOR POTENTIAL HUMAN USE DICTATE THAT WE MUST REESTABLISH NATIVE PLANT SPECIES AND COMMUNITIES WHENEVER POSSIBLE.

THE LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY THE LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY HAS A LONG HISTORY OF NEGLECTING NATIVE PLANTS IN FAVOR OF OVERUSED EXOTIC PLANTS BUT LANDSCAPING WITH NATIVE PLANTS IS INCREASINGLY POPULAR. THE DESIRE AND THE NEED TO USE NATIVE PLANTS IN PLANNED LANDSCAPES IS STEADILY INCREASING. DEPENDENCE ON AND REPETITIVE USE OF THE SAME 50 TO 100 TRADITIONAL EXOTIC PLANTS HAS CREATED OFTEN BORING, HOMOGENEOUS HOME AND COMMERCIAL LANDSCAPES. BEYOND AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS, THE HIGHER COST OF MAINTAINING AN ATTRACTIVE EXOTIC LANDSCAPE IS NO LONGER FEASIBLE OR ECONOMICALLY POSSIBLE. WE HAVE FAILED TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL OF VALUABLE NATIVE PLANTS IN OUR OWN ENVIRONMENT. DOING SO WILL LESSEN OUR RELIANCE ON EXOTIC SPECIES AND CAN LEAD TO MORE SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPES. THERE IS POTENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTIVARS FROM OUR NATIVE SPECIES. IF OUR NATIVE POPULATIONS ARE DIMINISHED, OUR OPPORTUNITY TO DISCOVER NEW CULTIVARS WILL ALSO DIMINISH.

NATIVE PLANT USAGE IN OKLAHOMA IS STILL A VERY NEW IDEA. UNTIL THERE IS SUFFICIENT DEMAND, NATIVE PLANTS AND CULTIVARS WILL CONTINUE TO BE RARE IN OKLAHOMA NURSERY PRODUCTION. AS DEMAND INCREASES, IT WILL BECOME PROFITABLE FOR NURSERIES TO PROPAGATE QUANTITIES COMPARABLE TO THE EXOTIC PLANTS THAT ARE IN PRODUCTION.

Return to Table of Contents EXOTIC PLANTS EXOTIC PLANTS ARE STILL IMPORTANT IN OUR LANDSCAPES. WHILE IT IS TRUE THAT MANY EXOTIC PLANTS ARE OVERUSED, IT IS IMPORTANT TO KEEP THEM IN OUR PLANT PALATE TO ALLOW A WIDE ARRAY OF OPTIONS. THE KEY IS MODERATION; WE MUST LIMIT THEIR USE AND STOP MONOCULTURE PLANTINGS. A DIVERSE LANDSCAPE IS MORE RESISTANT TO INSECT AND DISEASE PROBLEMS. IN FACT, SOME EXOTIC PLANTS SUCH AS Nandina domestica ARE EXTREMELY WELL ADAPTED TO OUR CLIMATE AND ARE RESISTANT TO INSECTS AND DISEASES. HOWEVER, IT CAN TAKE ONLY A FEW SHORT YEARS, OR SOMETIMES DECADES, FOR DISEASE AND INSECT PROBLEMS TO CATCH UP WITH AN OVER-PLANTED SPECIES. EXAMPLES INCLUDE FIRE BLIGHT DISEASE ON BRADFORD PEAR OR PINEWOOD NEMATODE ON SCOTCH PINE; THESE WERE HIGHLY TOUTED AS PROBLEM-FREE LANDSCAPE TREES 25 YEARS AGO.

ECOLOGICAL DISASTERS ARE OCCURRING BECAUSE SOME EXOTIC PLANTS, HAVING ESCAPED CULTIVATION, ARE REPRODUCING AT AN EXPONENTIAL RATE. THIS SOMETIMES OCCURS WHEN AN EXOTIC PLANT WITH INVASIVE TENDENCIES IS TOO WELL ADAPTED TO OUR CLIMATE AND HAS NO NATURAL ENEMIES. DAMAGE TO THE ENVIRONMENT OCCURS WHEN AN EXOTIC AGGRESSIVELY CROWDS OUT NATIVE PLANT COMMUNITIES, CAUSING THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS: DISRUPTION OF ECOLOGICAL CYCLES, DESTRUCTION OF WILDLIFE HABITAT, AND ALTERATION OF FOOD CHAINS. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS ARE SPENT EACH YEAR ACROSS THE UNITED STATES TO COMBAT THIS PROBLEM. A FEW EXAMPLES OF INVASIVE EXOTICS INCLUDE: JOHNSON GRASS, DANDELION, KUDZU VINE, TREE OF HEAVEN, BIG LEAF PERIWINKLE, ROYAL PAULOWNIA, MIMOSA TREE, PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE, JAPANESE HONEYSUCKLE, AND TAMARISK.

Return to Table of Contents THE PURPOSE THIS BOOK IS INTENDED TO SHOWCASE UNDER-UTILIZED OKLAHOMA NATIVE PLANTS. SOME OF THE MORE COMMON NATIVE PLANTS THAT HAVE ALREADY BEEN SUCCESSFULLY INTRODUCED IN THE LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY HAVE BEEN OMITTED (BALD CYPRESS, SYCAMORE, SWEET GUM, EASTERN REDBUD). EACH PLANT LISTING IS COMPLETE WITH PICTURES, LANDSCAPE EVALUATION, KEY ADVANTAGES, KEY DISADVANTAGES, DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS, HABITAT, CULTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE, AND ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES. IT IS MY GOAL TO SEE EACH OF THESE WELL-QUALIFIED NATIVE PLANTS OR IMPROVED CULTIVARS INTEGRATED INTO THE LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY WITHIN THE NEXT 20 YEARS.

Return to Table of Contents CADDO SUGAR MAPLE SUGAR

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION. HABITAT & CULTURE THE WICHITA MOUNTAINS AND HABITAT: DRY ROCKY HILLS, SANDY VALLEYS SANDSTONE CANYONS OF CADDO AND SOIL: ROCKY TO SANDY LOAM COMMANCHE COUNTIES SUPPORT A DISJUNCT WESTERN POPULATION OF DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL SUGAR MAPLES. THIS CULTIVAR pH: 6.0-8.0 ‘CADDO’, IT’S AN EXCELLENT TREE FOR EXPOSURE: FULL SUN MOST OF WESTERN TO CENTRAL MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO VERY DRY OKLAHOMA WHERE SOILS ARE POOR AND DROUGHTY. ‘CADDO’ SHOULD BE ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE

USED FOR SMALL TO LARGE SCALE ‘Caddo’ HARDINESS: ZONE 6-8 RESIDENTIAL ESTATES, GOLF COURSES, AND NEIGHBORHOOD SUBDIVISIONS . DISEASE: MODERATE, VERTICILLIUM WILT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: RESISTANT *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *VERY DURABLE, STRONG WOOD DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *TOLERATES DRY,SANDY,INFERTILE SOIL *DENSE ATTRACTIVE PEST RESISTANT ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES FOLIAGE WITH EXCELLENT FALL COLOR. FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, 5 LOBED, OPPOSITE, THICK KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *WILL LANGUISH IN WET SOILS. FALL COLOR: RED, ORANGE, YELLOW *MAY CONTRACT DISEASES IN THE EAST FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, BELL SHAPED DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: APRIL, MAY CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: PAIRED SAMARAS MATURE HT X WT: 30-40’ x 20-30’ BARK/STEM: BROWN, DEEPLY FURROWED GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/YEAR

TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, OBOVOID Acer saccharum LONGEVITY: 100-200 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents RED BUCKEYE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE VERY ATTRACTIVE SMALL TREE WITH HABITAT: FOREST, SAVANNA, VALLEYS RED FLOWERS AND HANDSOME DARK SOIL: DEEP COURSE TO FINE LOAMS GREEN UNUSUAL FOLIAGE. LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION SHOULD BE AKIN TO OTHER DRAINAGE: MODERATELY POOR TO WELL SMALL SCALE TREES SUCH AS EASTERN pH : 5.0-7.5 RED BUD. USEFUL IN SHELTERED PLAZAS, EXPOSURE: MOD. SHADE TO MOD. SUN RESIDENTIAL COURTYARDS, WOODED MOISTURE: MOIST TO AVERAGE AREAS, GOLF COURSES AND PARKS. KEY ADVANTAGES ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE * VERY ATTRACTIVE RED FLOWERS. HARDINESS: ZONE 6a-8 * COMPACT, NEAT GROWTH HABIT. DISEASE: MODERATE; MILDEW * NATURAL VARIATION ALLOWS FOR INSECT: RESISTANT MANY CULTIVARS IN THE FUTURE. WIND/ICE: RESISTANT; MOD. STRONG WOOD * FLOWERS WELL IN DENSE SHADE KEY DISADVANTAGES DROUGHT/HEAT: SUSCEPTIBLE * DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES * FOLIAGE BECOMES TATTERED AND FOLIAGE: PALMATELY COMPOUND DROPS EARLY IN THE FALL. SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN * SENSITIVE TO UNFAVORABLE SITE CONDITIONS AND MICROCLIMATES FALL COLOR: BROWN, NOT PERSISTENT FLOWER: RED SPIKE

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Aesculus pavia SEASON: MID –LATE MAY CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: LIGHT BROWN NUT MATURE HT & WT: 12-20’x 15-25’ BARK/STEM: SMOOTH, RED BROWN GROWTH RATE: SLOW TO MED, 6-12”/YR TEXTURE/FORM: COARSE, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 75-100 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: ALL PARTS POISONOUS

Return to Table of Contents ALDER SEASIDE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE SEASIDE ALDER IS A FIRST SUCCESSION HABITAT: BOGGS, STREAMS, FLOOD PLAINS TREE IN FOREST ECOLOGY, SPECIFICALLY SOIL: SILTY LOAM,SAND, ORGANIC SOILS NEAR STREAMS AND LAKES. IT IS HIGHLY VALUED FOR ITS ABILITY TO THRIVE IN DRAINAGE: EXTREMELY POOR TO MODERATE WET SOILS, AND FIX ATMOSPHERIC pH: 5.0-7.0 NITROGEN INTO AN USABLE FORM. IT EXPOSURE: MODERATE TO FULL SUN SHOULD BE USED FOR ANY OF THE FOL- MOISTURE: EXTREMELY MOIST TO AVERAGE LOWING APPLICATIONS IF WET SOIL IS PRESENT: EROSION CONTROL,WETLANDS, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE PARKS, RESIDENTIAL, AND INDUSTRIAL. HARDINESS: ZONE 5-10 SEASIDE ALDER SHOULD BE USED IN THE EASTERN HALF OF THE STATE WITH DISEASE: RESISTANT ACIDIC SOILS WHERE ITS TENDENCY TO INSECT: MODERATE; MANY,NON SERIOUS SPREAD FROM ROOT SUCKERS AND FORM WIND/ICE: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE; WEAK WOOD COLONIES WOULD NOT BE A PROBLEM. DROUGHT/HEAT: SUSCEPTIBLE KEY ADVANTAGES *VERY HANDSOME ORNAMENTAL ASSETS; ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES INTERESTING LEAVES, FRUIT, & FLOWER FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ELLIPTIC, GLOSSY KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: GREEN *WEAK WOODED; TENDENCY TO BREAK FALL COLOR: YELLOW, BROWN *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION FLOWER: ATTRACTIVE BRONZE CATKIN *WILL NOT TOLERATE DROUGHT SEASON: JUNE Alnus maritima DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FRUIT: EGG SHAPED NUTLET CLASS: VERY LARGE DECIDUOUS SHRUB BARK/STEM: GRAY, SMOOTH MATURE HT X WT: 8-15’ X 6-12’ GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, IRREGULAR LONGEVITY: 50-75 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, WET AREAS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents AMORPHA LEAD-PLANT

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE LEAD PLANT FORMS A MOUNDED 3-4’ HABITAT:DRY ROCKY UPLANDS, GRASSLANDS HIGH SHRUB;TOP GROWTH IS CUT TO SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY THE GROUND EVERY THREE YEARS FOR REJUVENATION. IT FORMS A NETWORK DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL OF SHALLOW, NITROGEN-FIXING ROOTS pH: 7.0-8.5 THAT PERPETUATE COLONY THROUGH EXPOSURE: FULL SUN SUCKERS WHEN TOP GROWTH DIES. USE- MOISTURE: MOD. DRY TO VERY DRY FUL FOR RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, MASS PLANTINGS, HIGHWAYS, & PARKS. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONE 4a-9 *GRAY GREEN FERN LIKE LEAVES DISEASE: MODERATE; NON SERIOUS *SHOWY LONG LASTING FLOWERS- BLUE INSECT: RESISTANT, SOME CHEWING INSECTS TO DEEP PURPLE W/ ORANGE STAMENS *INVASIVE, BUT EASY TO ERADICATE. WIND/ICE: MOD.; LOW GROWTH,WEAK WOOD *VALUABLE GROUNDCOVER/ SHRUB DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT FOR DRY, OPEN AREAS, WHERE FEW OTHER SUITABLE PLANTS WILL GROW. ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: PINNATELY COMPOUND, PUBESCENT *VERY INTOLERANT OF SHADE SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: GREY-GREEN *VERY SHORT LIVED IF SOIL IS TOO FALL COLOR: BRILLIANT RED, LONG LASTING RICH AND DRAINAGE ISN’T ADEQUATE. FLOWER:BLUE/PURPLE CYLINDRIC SPIKE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MID TO LATE JULY CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: INSIGNIFICANT BLACK POD MATURE HT X WT: 2-5’ x 4-8’ BARK/STEM: GRAY, SMOOTH, EXFOLIATING Amorpha canescens GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 8-16”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, MOUNDED LONGEVITY: 5-10 YRS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents BERRY PORCELAIN

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE PORCELAIN BERRY DISPLAYS GREAT HABITAT: FORESTS, RIVERBANKS, PRAIRIE LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL FOR MOIST SOIL SOIL: SILT LOAMS, CLAYS, SANDS, ROCKY AREAS IN MOST OF OKLAHOMA, BUT SHOULD NOT BE USED IN SMALL AREAS DRAINAGE: VERY POOR TO AVERAGE BECAUSE IT QUICKLY OUTGROWS THE pH: 6.1-7.5 SITE. THIS EXTREMELY VIGOROUS VINE EXPOSURE: MOD. SHADE TO FULL SUN WILL ADAPT TO A VARIETY OF DESIRED MOISTURE: VERY MOIST TO MOD. DRY FORMS; TALL CLIMBING VINE, DENSE SHRUB, OR GROUND COVER. USE FOR: ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE LONG FENCES, EROSION CONTROL, OPEN HARDINESS: ZONE 5b-9 AREAS & SCREENING UNSIGHTLY OBJECTS KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: RESISTANT INSECT: RESISTANT; SOME CHEWING INSECTS *EXTREMELY FAST GROWTH POTENTIAL; WIND/ICE:SUSCEPTIBLE;WEAK,HOLLOW STEMS GOOD FOR IMMEDIATE BUT TEMPORARY RESULTS-TOLERANT OF HEAVY PRUNING DROUGHT/HEAT: SUSCEPTIBLE *ATTRACTIVE MULTI-COLORED FRUITS- ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES CHANGING FROM GREEN TO ORANGE TO ROSY PURPLE, THEN TURQUOISE BLUE FOLIAGE: LARGE, SIMPLE, CORDATE, ALT. KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: BRIGHT GREEN *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION. FALL COLOR: YELLOW, EARLY TO COLOR *REQUIRES FREQUENT PRUNING FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT WHITE CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY- JUNE CLASS:VERY LARGE DECIDUOUS VINE FRUIT: 1/3” MULTI-COLORED BERRY Ampelopsis cordata MATURE HT X WT: 15-35’ x 10-30’ BARK/STEM: DARK BROWN, FURROWED GROWTH RATE: VERY FAST; 8’-15’/ YR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, VARIABLE LONGEVITY: 15-30 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES POISONOUS:NO

Return to Table of Contents RED CHOKEBERRY

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE RED CHOKEBERRY IS A FIRST SUCCESSION HABITAT: BOGGS, STREAMS, FLOOD PLAINS SHRUB IN FOREST ECOLOGY SHARING A SOIL: SILTY LOAM,SAND, ORGANIC SOILS SIMILAR HABITAT WITH LOBLOLLY PINE AND BALD CYPRESS , SPECIFICALLY NEAR DRAINAGE: EXTREMELY POOR TO MOD. WELL STREAMS AND LAKES. HIGHLY VALUED pH: 5.0-6.5 FOR ITS ABILITY TO THRIVE IN WET SOILS, EXPOSURE: MODERATE TO FULL SUN IT SHOULD BE USED FOR ANY OF THE MOISTURE: EXTREMELY MOIST TO MOD. DRY FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS IF WET SOIL IS PRESENT: EROSION CONTROL BACK- ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE GROUND PLANTINGS, HIGHWAYS, RECLA- HARDINESS: ZONE 5-10 MATION WETLANDS, PARKS, AND INDUS- TRIAL SITES. USE SHOULD BE LIMITED TO DISEASE: RESISTANT THE EASTERN HALF OF THE STATE WITH INSECT: MODERATE; MANY,NON SERIOUS ‘Brilliantissina’ ACIDIC SOILS WHERE ITS TENDENCY TO WIND/ICE: RESISTANT; MOD. STRONG WOOD SPREAD FROM ROOT SUCKERS AND FORM DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE COLONIES WOULDN’T BE A PROBLEM. KEY ADVANTAGES ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *CULTIVAR; HIGH ORNAMENTAL ASSETS; FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ELLIPTIC, GLOSSY FRUIT, FLOWER, SUMMER & FALL COLOR SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *GROWS IN SATURATED OR DRY SOIL FALL COLOR:RICH ORANGE/RED, PERSISTS KEY DISADVANTAGES FLOWER: WHITE, FLATTENED CLUSTERS *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION SEASON: LATE MAY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FRUIT: 1/3” RED BERRY, MANY CLUSTERS CLASS: VERY LARGE DECIDUOUS SHRUB BARK/STEM: RED/BROWN, EXFOLIATING MATURE HT X WT: 8-15’ X 6-12’ GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, IRREGULAR Aronia arbutifolia LONGEVITY: 50-75 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, WET AREAS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents TREE PAW

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE ALTHOUGH PAW PAW IS AN ATTRAC- HABITAT: DENSE FORESTS, RIVERBANKS TIVE AND INTRIGUING NATIVE TREE, IT SOIL: RICH, MEDIUM TO FINE SILT LOAMS HAS LIMITED LANDSCAPE USE AND IS QUITE PICKY ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL DRAINAGE: WELL MICROCLIMATES. IN THE LANDSCAPE, pH: 6.0-8.0 IT SERVES AS A NOVELTY SPECIMEN EXPOSURE: FULL SHADE TO MODERATE SUN PLANT OR NATURALISTIC GROUPING MOISTURE: MOIST TO AVERAGE DUE TO ITS TENDENCY TO SLOWLY COLONIZE FROM ROOT SUCKERS. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONES 5-8 *ATTRACTIVE FLOWERS & FRUIT DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT *FRUIT HAS COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL- INSECT: VERY RESISTANT IT IS VERY NUTRITIOUS AND DELICIOUS WIND/ICE: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE, WEAK WOOD *NO PROBLEMS WITH INSECTS /DISEASE KEY DISADVANTAGES DROUGHT/HEAT: SUSCEPTIBLE *WILL NOT TOLERATE DROUGHT NOR ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES HEAT WITHOUT IRRIGATION. FOLIAGE: LARGE, SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, DULL *DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT AND SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN PROPAGATE, RARE IN NURSERY TRADE *WEAK WOODED; TENDENCY TO BREAK FALL COLOR: YELLOW *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION FLOWER: 1” PURPLE/REDDISH BROWN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: APRIL Asimina triloba CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: 2-5” BANANA/PEAR-LIKE EDIBLE FRUIT MATURE HT X WT: 15-30’ X 15-25’ BARK/STEM:ATTRACTIVE, FURROWED, BROWN GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: COARSE, PYRAMIDAL LONGEVITY: 75-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO, BUT WILL SUCKER POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents VINE CROSS

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE CROSS VINE DISPLAYS GREAT LAND- HABITAT: FOREST, SAVANNA, VALLEYS SCAPE POTENTIAL FOR MOIST OR DRY SOIL: COARSE TO MOD. FINE LOAMS SOIL AREAS IN MOST OF OKLAHOMA, BUT SHOULD NOT BE USED IN SMALL DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL AREAS BECAUSE IT QUICKLY OUTGROWS pH: 6.0-8.0 THE SITE. UNIQUE IN THAT IT’S ONE OF EXPOSURE: MODERATE TO FULL SUN THE ONLY OKLAHOMA NATIVE EVER- MOISTURE: MOIST TO MODERATELY DRY GREEN VINE WITH ATTRACTIVE FLOWERS. USE FOR: LONG FENCES, NATURALIZING, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE LARGE RESIDENTIAL, ARBORS & HARDINESS: 6a-9b SCREENING UNSIGHTLY OBJECTS KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: MODERATE; SOME LEAF SPOT INSECT: RESISTANT *FAST GROWTH RATE; IMMEDIATE RE- WIND/ICE:MODERATE; WEAK, HOLLOW STEMS SULTS -TOLERANT OF HEAVY PRUNING *LONG LIVED, NO MAJOR PROBLEMS DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, OPPOSITE, GLOSSY *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION. SPRING/SUMMER COLOR:DARK GREEN *REQUIRES FREQUENT PRUNING *LEAF & STEM DIEBACK SOMETIMES FALL COLOR: GREENISH PURPLE OCCUR IN NORTH FROM HARSH WINTERS FLOWER: 2-3” ORANGE/RED TRUMPET DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE MAY- EARLY JUNE CLASS:VERY LARGE EVERGREEN VINE FRUIT: DRY LEATHERY POD, NOT SHOWY MATURE HT X WT: 15-35’ x 10-30’ BARK/STEM: ROUGH, DARK GRAY Bignonia capreolata GROWTH RATE: VERY FAST; 5’-10’/ YR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, VARIABLE LONGEVITY: 75-125 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES POISONOUS:NO

Return to Table of Contents TREE CHITTAMWOOD

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE THIS BEAUTIFUL UNDER-UTILIZED TREE HABITAT: BOGGS TO DRY HILLSIDE FORESTS HAS PLENTY OF MERIT IN THE LAND- SOIL: CLAY, LOAM, SAND AND ROCKY SOILS SCAPE INDUSTRY. WIDE VARIETY OF USES INCLUDE: FLOODPLAIN PARKS, PONDS DRAINAGE: EXTREMELY POOR TO WELL RIVER GREENWAYS, NEIGHBORHOOD pH : 4.5-7.0 SUBDIVISIONS, NATURALIZING, GOLF EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN COURSES,AND WETLAND RECLAMATION MOISTURE: EXTREMELY MOIST TO DRY KEY ADVANTAGES *ABILITY TO THRIVE IN WETLAND SITES ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE TO DRY ROCKY BARREN CONDITIONS. HARDINESS: ZONE 6b-10 AS WELL AS EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN. DISEASE: RESISTANT *ATTRACTIVE, FINE TEXTURED FOLIAGE. INSECT: RESISTANT *OPEN CANOPY,ALLOWS HEALTHY GRASS GROWTH UNDERNEATH. WIND/ICE: SUSCEPTIBLE; WEAK WOOD *CULTIVARS COULD BE SELECTED FROM DROUGHT/HEAT:VERY RESISTANT IMMENSE VARIABILITY EXHIBITED IN NATURE, SUCH AS “THORNLESS” ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ELLIPTIC, OVAL, WHORLED *UNDESIRABLE THORNS SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: GREEN *NOT AVAILABLE IN NURSERY TRADE FALL COLOR: YELLOW, BROWN *SOFT, HEAVY WOOD MAY BREAK IN FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, WHITE COROLLA WIND OR ICE STORMS. SEASON: JUNE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FRUIT: PURPLISH BLACK ,EDIBLE BERRIES,3/8” Bumelia lanuginosa CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE BARK/STEM: BLOCKY, BROWN MATURE HT X WT: 35-45’ X 25-35’ GROWTH RATE: FAST; 24”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, OBOVOID LONGEVITY: 75-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents CREEPER TRUMPET

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE TRUMPET VINE IS A BEAUTIFUL ORNA- HABITAT: FOREST, SAVANNA, VALLEYS MENTAL VINE WITH LARGE ORANGE SOIL: COARSE TO MOD. FINE LOAMS FLOWERS AND GLOSSY GREEN FOLIAGE. ONE SHOULD BE ABSOLUTELY SURE WHEN DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL SELECTING THIS PLANT FOR IT WILL BE- pH: 6.0-8.0 COME A PERMANENT PART OF THE LAND- EXPOSURE: MODERATE TO FULL SUN SCAPE DUE TO IT’S UNPARALLELED EN- MOISTURE: MOIST TO MODERATELY DRY VIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE. DON’T USE IN SMALL AREAS BECAUSE IT QUICKLY ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE OUTGROWS THE SITE. USE FOR: FENCES, HARDINESS: 6a-9b ARBORS, EROSION CONTROL, HIGHWAYS, RESIDENTIAL & SCREENING OBJECTS. DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT; SOME LEAF SPOT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *FAST GROWTH RATE; IMMEDIATE RE- WIND/ICE:SUSCEPTIBLE; WEAK, STEMS SULTS -TOLERANT OF HEAVY PRUNING DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE *LONG LIVED, NO MAJOR PROBLEMS ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, OPPOSITE, GLOSSY SPRING/SUMMER COLOR:DARK GREEN *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION. *REQUIRES FREQUENT PRUNING OF FENCE FALL COLOR: GREENISH PURPLE *CAN BE EXTREMELY INVASIVE FLOWER: 2-3” ORANGE/RED TRUMPET DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE MAY- EARLY JUNE Campsis radicans CLASS:VERY LARGE EVERGREEN VINE FRUIT: LARGE DRY BROWN POD, SHOWY MATURE HT X WT: 15-35’ x 10-30’ BARK/STEM: SMOOTH, BEIGE, EXFOLIATING GROWTH RATE: VERY FAST; 5’-10’/ YR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, VARIABLE LONGEVITY: 75-125 YEARS INVASIVENESS:YES, IN MOIST, RICH SOILS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents AMERICAN HORNBEAM

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE A EXCELLENT SMALL TO MEDIUM TREE HABITAT: FORESTS, RIVERBANKS, PRAIRIE WITH DENSE, TIDY GROWTH HABIT. AN SOIL: RICH, MEDIUM TO FINE SILT LOAMS USEFUL TREE FOR ANY LOW LYING AREA THAT FLOODS OCCASIONALLY OR DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL CONTAINS POORLY DRAINED SOILS. pH: 5.5-7.5 USE IN PARKS, RIVER GREENWAYS, OR EXPOSURE:FULL SHADE TO MODERATE SUN URBAN SITES WHERE POLLUTION AND MOISTURE: VERY MOIST TO AVERAGE SOIL COMPACTION AREN’T A PROBLEM. KEY ADVANTAGES ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE *DENSE ATTRACTIVE FOLIAGE HARDINESS: ZONE 3-9 *EXCELLENT SHADE TOLERANCE DISEASE: RESISTANT *EXCELLENT FALL COLOR INSECT: RESISTANT *EXTREMELY STRONG DENSE WOOD WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING *TOLERATES POOR DRAINAGE DROUGHT/HEAT: SUSCEPTIBLE KEY DISADVANTAGES ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *SENSITIVE TO POLLUTION IN URBAN FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ELLIPTIC, OVAL SITES WITH HEAVY TRAFFIC SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *NOT SUITABLE FOR DROUGHTY SITES *SENSITIVE TO SOIL COMPACTION AND FALL COLOR: RED, ORANGE, YELLOW CONSTRUCTION DAMAGE FLOWER:INSIGNIFICANT, CATKINS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: APRIL, MAY CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: INSIGNIFICANT, SAMURA

MATURE HT X WT: 25-40’ x 20-35’ BARK/STEM: SMOOTH IRREGULARLY FLUTED Carpinus caroliniana GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 8”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, OBOVOID LONGEVITY: 100-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents TREE PECAN

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE WHEN APPLIED IN CORRECT SITUATIONS, HABITAT: FORESTS, FLOOD PLAINS, RIVERS PECAN IS A WORTH-WHILE NATIVE SOIL: RICH, MEDIUM TO FINE SILT LOAMS LANDSCAPE TREE; EFFORT SHOULD BE TAKEN TO PRESERVE STANDS OF THIS DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL TREE DURING CONSTRUCTION. USEFUL pH: 6.5-7.5 ALONG RIVER GREENWAYS, PARKS, GOLF EXPOSURE: MODERATE SUN TO FULL SUN COURSES, LARGE SCALE RESIDENTIAL, MOISTURE: VERY MOIST TO AVERAGE NATURALIZING, FLOOD PLAINS, FOREST PRESERVATIONS AND OPEN SPACES. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONES 6-9 *VERY LONG LIVED, DESPITE DISEASES DISEASE: RESISTANT *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE INSECT: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE, NUMEROUS *ATTRACTIVE AS NATURAL GROVE IN ITS WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD NATIVE HABITAT IN LOW LANDS &RIVERS KEY DISADVANTAGES DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE *LOTS OF LEAF,TWIG, AND FRUIT LITTER ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO TRANS- FOLIAGE: PINNATELY COMPOUND, ALT. PLANT DUE TO DEEP TAP ROOT SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: GREEN *SERIOUS INSECT ATTACKS MAY COMPLETELY DEFOLIATE CANOPY; WEB- FALL COLOR: YELLOW, NOT PERSISTENT WORMS, TWIG GIRDLER, & MANY OTHERS FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN SEASON: MAY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Carya illinoensis CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: PECAN, COMMERCIAL VALUE, MESSY MATURE HT X WT: 75-100’ x 60-90’ BARK/STEM: ATTRACTIVE, DEEPLY FURROWED GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 8”-12”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, OBOVOID LONGEVITY: 200-300 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO, BUT SEEDS READILY POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents JERSEYTEA CEANOTHUS

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE JERSEY TEA CEANOTHUS FORMS A HABITAT:DRY ROCKY UPLANDS, GRASSLANDS VERY DENSE, COMPACT, 2-3’ HIGH SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY GROUNDCOVER/SHRUB. THE KEY TO IT’S ABILITY TO WIT5HSTAND INHOSPITABLE DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS LIES IN pH: 4.5-6.0 IT’S MASSIVE NITROGEN-FIXING ROOT EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN SYSTEM. USEFUL FOR RESIDENTIAL, COM- MOISTURE: DRY TO VERY DRY MERCIAL, URBAN PLAZAS, HILLSIDES, MASS PLANTINGS, HIGHWAYS, WOODED ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE AREAS, STREETSCAPES, NATURALIZING, HARDINESS: ZONE 4-8 EROSION CONTROL,AND UPLAND PARKS. KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: RESISTANT; SOME LEAF SPOT INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *VALUABLE GROUNDCOVER FOR DRY, WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; LOW GROWTH STEEPLY, SLOPING AREAS WHERE FEW OTHER SUITABLE PLANTS WILL GROW. DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *VERY ADAPTABLE WIDESPREAD RANGE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *COMPACT, NEAT GROWTH HABIT. *NO PROBLEMS WITH INSECTS /DISEASE FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ALT.,OVATE ROUGH KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *VERY DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT. FALL COLOR: DEEP YELLOW, LATE TO COLOR *WILL LANGUISH IN WET SOILS. FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT WHITE CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY- JUNE CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: INSIGNIFICANT ¼ DRY CAPSULE MATURE HT X WT: 2-5’ x 4-8’ BARK/STEM: RED/BROWN, LIGHTLY FISSURED

GROWTH RATE: SLOW TO MED; 8-14”/ YR Ceanothus americanus TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, SPREADING LONGEVITY: 5-10 YRS, ROOTS LONGER INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FLOWERS

Return to Table of Contents AMERICAN BITTERSWEET

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE NICE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES ARE HABITAT: FOREST, SAVANNA, VALLEYS PREVALENT ON BITTERSWEET: GLOSSY SOIL: COARSE TO MOD. FINE LOAMS GREEN FOLIAGE, NICE FALL COLOR, AND HANDSOME CLUSTERS OF TRIANGULAR DRAINAGE: MODERATE POOR TO WELL ORANGE CAPSULES SPLITTING OPEN TO pH: 6.0-7.5 EXPOSE BRIGHT RED SEEDS IN AUTUMN. EXPOSURE: MODERATE SHADE TO FULL SUN THIS VIGOROUS VINE WILL ADAPT TO A MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO VERY DRY VARIETY OF DESIRED FORMS; MEDIUM CLIMBING VINE, DENSE SHRUB, OR ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE GROUND COVER. USE FOR: RESIDENTIAL; HARDINESS: 2-7 FENCES, GROUND COVER, HIGHWAY, HEDGEROWS EROSION CONTROL, BACK- DISEASE: RESISTANT; SOME LEAF SPOT GROUND PLANTINGS & FORESTS INSECT: MODERATE; EUONYMUS SCALE KEY ADVANTAGES WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT, STRONG WOOD *FAST GROWTH RATE; INSTANT COVER DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *VERSATILE; GROUNDCOVER/CLIMBER ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES; FRUITS KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, GLOSSY SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *TWINING STEMS CAN GIRDLE (KILL) OTHER PLANTS IN THE LANDSCAPE FALL COLOR: LEMON YELLOW *CAN BE INVASIVE IN MOIST, RICH SOIL FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT GREENISH WHITE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE MAY- EARLY JUNE FRUIT: ¼-½” ORANGE CAPSULE, RED SEEDS

CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS VINE Celastrus scandens MATURE HT X WT: 6-20’ x 8-25’ BARK/STEM: GRAY, SMOOTH GROWTH RATE: VERY FAST; 5’-10’/ YR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, VARIABLE LONGEVITY: 75-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, SEEDLINGS POISONOUS: YES, FRUITS TOXIC

Return to Table of Contents SUGAR SUGAR HACKBERRY

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE SUGAR HACKBERRY, A LARGE-SCALE HABITAT: FOREST, PLAINS, SAVANNA, HILLS LANDSCAPE TREE, IS VALUED FOR IT’S SOIL: COARSE TO FINE LOAMS, CLAY, SAND ORNAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND IT’S ABILITY TO ADAPT TO DIFFERENT DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. THIS pH: 5.0-8.0 TREE AND IT’S CULTIVARS SHOULD BE EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN GIVEN MORE OPPORTUNITY TO CON- MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY TRIBUTE TO THE LANDSCAPE IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: NATURALIZING, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE STREETSCAPES, HIGHWAYS, INDUSTRIAL HARDINESS: ZONES 3-9 SITES, GOLF COURSES, PARKS, GREEN WAYS, AND POLLUTED URBAN SITES. DISEASE: MODERATE; LEAF SPOTS, MILDEW KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: RESISTANT; WITCHES’ BROOM *TOLERATES ANY SOIL CONDITIONS WIND/ICE: MODERATE; MEDIUM STRENGTH *TOLERATES WET OR VERY DRY SOIL DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *CULTIVAR HAS HIGH ORNAMENTAL ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES QUALITIES (ATTRACTIVE FOLIAGE) *NICE PICTURESQUE SHAPE WITH AGE. FOLIAGE:SIMPLE, THICK, LUSTROUS, ALT. KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MED./DARK GREEN *MAY SUFFER STORM DAMAGE & WINDS FALL COLOR: YELLOW, NOT PERSISTENT *SUSCEPTIBLE TO MANY INSECTS FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: APRIL Celtis laevigata CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: SWEET 1/3” BRONZE-BLACK BERRY MATURE HT X WT: 50-80’ x 50-90’ BARK/STEM: ATTRACTIVE, GRAY, SMOOTH GROWTH RATE: FAST; 2’-3’/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY:100-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO, BUT SEEDS READILY POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents HACKBERRY PRAIRIE PRIDE PRAIRIE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE HACKBERRY MAKES A GREAT TREE FOR HABITAT: FOREST, PLAINS, SAVANNA, HILLS DRY OPEN WINDY LOCATIONS WHICH SOIL: COARSE TO FINE LOAMS, CLAY, SAND OCCUR FREQUENTLY IN THE WEST AND NORTH PARTS OF OKLAHOMA.ALTHOUGH DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL HACKBERRY PERFORMS BEST IN LOCAT- pH: 6.0-8.0 IONS WITH RICH, MOIST, SOIL; THIS PRO- EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN MOTES A FASTER GROWTH RATE WHICH MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY CAN RESULT IN A SHORTENED LIFESPAN. HACKBERRY MAKES AN EXCELLENT ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE NATIVE TREE FOR NATURALIZING, HARDINESS: ZONES 3-9 STREETS, HIGHWAYS, INDUSTRIAL SITES, GOLF COURSES, PARKS, GREENWAYS, DISEASE: MODERATE; LEAF SPOTS, MILDEW AND POLLUTED URBAN SITES. INSECT: RESISTANT; WITCHES’ BROOM ‘Prairie Pride’ KEY ADVANTAGES WIND/ICE: MODERATE; MEDIUM STRENGTH *TOLERATES ANY SOIL CONDITIONS DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *CULTIVAR RESISTS WITCHES’ BROOM ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *CULTIVAR HAS HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES (ATTRACTIVE FOLIAGE) FOLIAGE:SIMPLE, THICK, LUSTROUS, ALT. KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MED./DARK GREEN *MAY SUFFER STORM DAMAGE & WINDS FALL COLOR: YELLOW, NOT PERSISTENT *SUSCEPTIBLE TO MANY INSECTS FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: APRIL CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: 1/3” PURPLISH BROWN BERRY MATURE HT X WT: 50-80’ x 45-75’ BARK/STEM: ATTRACTIVE, GRAY, BLOCKY GROWTH RATE: FAST; 2’-3’/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY:100-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO, BUT SEEDS READILY

POISONOUS: NO Celtis occidentalis

Return to Table of Contents NEATLEAF HACKBERRY

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE NEATLEAF HACKBERRY MAKES AN HABITAT: PLAINS, SAVANNA, HILLS, RIVERS EXCELLENT NATIVE TREE FOR NATURAL- SOIL: COARSE TO FINE LOAMS, CLAY, SAND IZING. GOLF COURSES, PARKS, RIVER GREENWAYS, EROSION CONTROL, STRIP- DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO EXCESSIVELY WELL MINE AREAS AND INDUSTRIAL AREAS. pH: 6.0-8.0 KEY ADVANTAGES EXPOSURE: FULL SUN * FAST GROWTH WITH STRONG WOOD MOISTURE: MOIST TO VERY DRY * EASY TO PROPAGATE & TRANSPLANT ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE * ATTRACTIVE ORANGE RED FRUITS *TOLERATES DRY,SANDY,ROCKY, HARDINESS: ZONE 5-10 CLAYISH, INFERTILE SOILS; WET OR DRY DISEASE: MODERATE, LEAF SPOT, HEART ROT *ESTABLISHES ITSELF QUICKLY INSECT: SUSCEPTIBLE; WITCHES’ BROOM *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE WIND/ICE: RESISTANT; MOD. STRONG WOOD KEY DISADVANTAGES DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *MAY BECOME WEEDY IN SOME AREAS *RATHER SHORT LIFE EXPECTANCY ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *LACK OF OUTSTANDING ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, THICK, ROUGH, ALT. CHARACTERISTICS LIMITS POPULARITY SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: GRAY-GREEN *SERIOUS INSECT ATTACKS DISFIGURE GROWTH AND FORM; NIPPLE GALLS, FALL COLOR: YELLOW, NOT PERSISTENT AND WITCHES BROOM FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CLUSTERS

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: APRIL Celtis reticulata CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: 1/3” ORANGE-RED BERRY MATURE HT X WT: 25-40’ x 20-30’ BARK/STEM: ATTRACTIVE, GRAY, BLOCKY GROWTH RATE: FAST; 24”-36”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, IRREGULAR LONGEVITY: 30-60 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents BUSH BUTTON

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE BUTTONBUSH IS VALUABLE FOR ITS ABIL- HABITAT: BOGGS, STREAMS, FLOOD PLAINS ITY TO THRIVE IN WET SOILS. IT’S ORNA- SOIL: SILTY LOAM,SAND, ORGANIC SOILS MENTAL ASSETS BE PUT TO USE IN ALL OF THE FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS IF DRAINAGE: EXTREMELY POOR TO WELL WET SOIL IS PRESENT: LARGE SCALE pH: 6.0-8.5 WATER GARDENS, PONDS, WETLANDS, EXPOSURE: FULL SUN PARKS, NATURALIZING, GOLF COURSES, MOISTURE: EXTREMELY MOIST TO MOIST RESIDENTIAL, RIVER BANKS, EROSION CONTROL, BACKGROUND PLANTINGS, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL AREAS. HARDINESS: ZONE 4a-10 KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: RESISTANT; SOME LEAF SPOT *VERY HANDSOME ORNAMENTAL ASSETS; INSECT: RESISTANT; MANY, NON SERIOUS INTERESTING LEAVES, FRUIT, & FLOWER *VERY LONG LASTING SUMMER FLOWERS WIND/ICE: RESISTANT ; MOD. STRONG WOOD *WILL GROW IN STANDING WATER DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE *EASY TO TRANSPLANT & PROPAGATE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, LANCEOLATE, GLOSSY *WILL PARRISH QUICKLY FROM DROUGHT SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *RATHER SHORT LIFE EXPECTANCY FALL COLOR: YELLOW, NOT PERSISTENT *UNCOMMON IN THE NURSERY TRADE FLOWER: 1” WHITE BALL-LIKE CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE JULY-AUGUST CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT:1” BALL, GREENISH RED, THEN BROWN MATURE HT X WT: 8-12’ X 6-12’ BARK/STEM:DARK GRAY, EXFOLIATING GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR Cephalanthus occidentalis LONGEVITY: 25-45 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, WET AREAS POISONOUS: YES, FOLIAGE IS TOXIC

Return to Table of Contents REDBUD OKLAHOMA

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE ALTHOUGH OKLAHOMA REDBUD IS ONE HABITAT: DRY UPLAND FOREST & HILLSIDES OF OUR MOST PRIZED NATIVE TREES SOIL: RICH TO POOR SILTY LOAMS, CLAY EXHIBITING QUALITIES SUPERIOR TO EASTERN REDBUD, IT IS STILL GREATLY DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL UNDERUSED. APPROPRIATE FOR COM- pH: 6.0-8.5 MERCIAL PLAZAS, RESIDENTIAL COURT- EXPOSURE: FULL SHADE TO FULL SUN YARDS, WOODED AREAS, AND PARKS MOISTURE: MOIST TO VERY DRY KEY ADVANTAGES *VERY ATTRACTIVE ROSE PINK FLOWERS ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE texensis EMERGE 2 WEEKS BEFORE FOLIAGE HARDINESS: ZONE 6-9 *ATTRACTIVE GLOSSY GREEN LEAVES DISEASE: MOD; VERTICILLIUM WILTS, CANKER

ARE MUCH MORE RESISTANT TO var. INSECT INSECT: RESISTANT, SOME CHEWING INSECTS DAMAGE THAN SPECIES WIND/ICE: MODERATE; MEDIUM STRENGTH *VERY TOLERANT OF CITY CONDITIONS DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING *VALUED FOR ITS ABILITY TO GROW ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES WELL IN BOTH FULL SHADE & FULL SUN FOLIAGE: LARGE, SIMPLE, GLOSSY, ALT. KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN ‘Oklahoma’ *SHORT LIFE EXPECTANCY FALL COLOR: YELLOW, BROWN, NOT SHOWY *EXPENSIVE IN THE NURSERY TRADE FLOWER: DK. ROSE-PINK CLUSTERS, LEGUME *UNATTRACTIVE IN LATE SUMMER-FALL SEASON:LATE MARCH-EARLY APRIL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FRUIT: BLACK POD, SOMEWHAT MESSY CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS TREE BARK/STEM:BROWN, SMOOTH, EXFOLIATING MATURE HT X WT: 20-30’ X 20-30’ GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: COURSE, GLOBULAR Cercis canadensis LONGEVITY: 30-60 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FLOWERS

Return to Table of Contents BRUSH RABBIT

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE RABBITBRUSH, A LOW SAGE-LIKE SHRUB HABITAT: DRY UPLAND HILLSIDES, PLAINS THAT IS NATIVE TO THE PANHANDLE, SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY IS MOST ATTRACTIVE WHEN BLUISH GRAY FOLIAGE IS CUT TO THE GROUND DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL EVERY FIVE YEARS TO REJUVENATE. PH: 6.5–8.0 GREAT LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL IS EXPOSURE: FULL SUN SHOWN ON DRY OPEN GRASSLAND SITES MOISTURE: DRY TO EXTREMELY DRY IN NORTH-WESTERN OKLAHOMA. USEFUL FOR RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, IN- ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE DUSTRIAL, NATURALISTIC PLANTINGS, HARDINESS: ZONE 2-10 HIGHWAYS, PARKS, AND HIGHWAYS. KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT, IN LOW HUMIDITY INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *ATTRACTIVE, FINE TEXTURED FOLIAGE. WIND/ICE:VERY RESISTANT; LOW GROWTH *THRIVES IN DRY,ROCKY,INFERTILE SOIL *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: NARROW, VERY DENSE, AROMATIC *WILL LANGUISH IN WET SOILS SUCH AS SPRING/SUMMER COLOR:BLUISH GRAY POORLY DRAINED CLAYS OF THE EAST. *WILL CONTRACT FOLIAGE DISEASES IN FALL COLOR: BLUISH GRAY FADING YELLOW THE EAST FROM HIGH HUMIDITY FLOWER: ATTRACTIVE YELLOW CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: APRIL MAY CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: ATTRACTIVE DRY SEED HEADS MATURE HT X WT: 2-5’ x 4-8’ BARK/STEM: GREY, FIBROUS, SHREDDY GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, SPREADING Chrysothamnus nauseosus LONGEVITY: 5-10 YRS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents TREE YELLOWWOOD

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE ALTHOUGH YELLOWWOOD IS ONE OF HABITAT: FORESTS, RIVERBANKS, PRAIRIE OUR MOST BEAUTIFUL NATIVE TREES SOIL: RICH, MEDIUM TO FINE SILT LOAMS EXHIBITING SUPERIOR ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES, IT IS STILL GREATLY UNDER DRAINAGE: MODERATELY WELL TO WELL USED. APPROPRIATE FOR RESIDENTIAL pH: 6.5-8.0 ESTATES, GREENWAYS , OPEN AREAS, EXPOSURE: FULL SHADE TO MODERATE SUN WOODED AREAS, AND PARKS WHERE THE MOISTURE: VERY MOIST TO AVERAGE POSSIBILITY OF STORM DAMAGE WON’T CAUSE ANY HARM. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONE 3b-8 *VERY ATTRACTIVE WHITE FLOWERS DISEASE:RESISTANT, SOME VERTICILLIUM WILT *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *VALUED FOR ITS ABILITY TO GROW WELL IN BOTH FULL SHADE & FULL SUN WIND/ICE: SUSCEPTIBLE, WEAK WOOD *NO PROBLEMS WITH INSECTS /DISEASE DROUGHT/HEAT: SUSCEPTIBLE *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE:PINNATELY COMPOUND, ALTERNATE *EXPENSIVE IN THE NURSERY TRADE *NOT SUITABLE FOR DROUGHTY SITES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: BLUISH GREEN *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION FALL COLOR: LIGHT YELLOW *WEAK WOODED; TENDENCY TO BREAK FLOWER: WHITE PYRAMIDAL SPIKE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY- JUNE CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: BLACK POD, SOMEWHAT MESSY MATURE HT X WT: 20-30’ X 20-30’ BARK/STEM: GREY SMOOTH, BEECH-LIKE Cladrastis kentukea GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: COURSE, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 100-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents CAROLINA SNAILSEED

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE EXCEPTIONAL ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES; HABITAT: FORESTS,FLOOD PLAINS, DRY HILLS LARGE GLOSSY GREEN FOLIAGE, HAND- SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, LOAMY, OR ORGANIC SOME CLUSTERS OF RED BERRIES, AND “TAME” GROWTH HABIT MAKE THIS NAT- DRAINAGE: POOR TO EXCESSIVELY WELL IVE PLANT WORTHY OF MORE WIDE- pH: 6.0-8.5 SPREAD USE. ALTHOUGH GROWTH IS EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN FAST, IT IS WELL CONFINED TO THE MOISTURE: MOIST TO VERY DRY STRUCTURE AND IS EASY TO MANAGE. USE FOR: RESIDENTIAL; FENCES, ARBORS, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE WALLS, EROSION CONTROL & FORESTS HARDINESS: 6-9b KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT *FAST GROWTH RATE; INSTANT COVER INSECT: RESISTANT; NONE SERIOUS *COMPACT GROWTH CLINGS VERY WIND/ICE: SUSCEPTIBLE; WEAK, STEMS CLOSELY- LITTLE PRUNING IS REQUIRED *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES; FRUITS DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT KEY DISADVANTAGES ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *SHORT LIVED; REGENERATE WITH SEEDS FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, GLOSSY, CORDATE, *SIGNIFICANT DIE-BACK NORMALLY OC- SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN CURS OVER WINTER-MUST BE CLEANED UP TO MAINTAIN ORDERLY APPEARANCE FALL COLOR: YELLOW GREEN, PERSISTENT *CAN BE INVASIVE IN MOIST, RICH SOIL FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT GREENISH WHITE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: - EARLY JULY- LATE AUGUST

CLASS: LOW/MEDIUM DECIDUOUS VINE FRUIT: CLUSTERS OF ¼” BRIGHT RED BERRIES Cocculus carolinus MATURE HT X WT: 3-15’ x 6-15’ BARK/STEM: GRAY, SMOOTH, WARTY GROWTH RATE: VERY FAST; 5’-10’/ YR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, VARIABLE LONGEVITY: 5-10 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, SEEDLINGS POISONOUS: YES, FRUITS TOXIC

Return to Table of Contents DOGWOOD ROUGHLEAF

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE ALTHOUGH ROUGHLEAF DOGWOOD IS HABITAT:FOREST EDGES, HILLS, RIVERBANKS A PRIZED NATIVE SHRUB EXHIBITING SOIL: SANDY, CLAYISH, OR LOAMY SUPERIOR ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES, IT IS GREATLY UNDERUSED. BECAUSE IT’S DRAINAGE: MODERATELY POOR TO WELL ABLE TO ADAPT TO MANY LANDSCAPE pH: 6.0-7.0 SITUATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PRACT- EXPOSURE: FULL SUN ICES, IT IS WORTHY OF CONSIDERATION MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY FOR THE FOLLOWING USES: EROSION CONTROL, RESIDENCES , HEDGEROWS, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE BACKGROUND PLANTINGS, WOODED HARDINESS: ZONE 5-9 AREAS, NATURALIZING, AND PARKS KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: MODERATE, LEAF SPOT, HEART ROT INSECT: MODERATE; SOME CHEWING INSECTS *GROWS IN FULL SHADE & FULL SUN WIND/ICE: RESISTANT; MOD. STRONG WOOD *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES; FRUIT, FLOWER, & SUMMER AND FALL COLOR DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *TOLERATES SEVERE PRUNING TO MAIN- ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES TAIN DESIRED SIZE AND DENSE FOLIAGE *TOLERATES RANGE OF SOIL DRAINAGE FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ROUGH, OPPOSITE. KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *FOLIAGE WILL BURN/DEFOLIATE FROM FALL COLOR: YELLOW, NOT PERSISTENT HEAT & DROUGHT STRESS LATE SUMMER FLOWER: WHITE, FLATTENED CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: 1/3” WHITE BERRY, NUMEROUS Cornus drummondii MATURE HT X WT: 5-15’ X 5-15’ BARK/STEM:GRAY,NEW GROWTH RED/BROWN 0GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 9-18” / YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 30-60 YRS, ROOTS LONGER INVASIVENESS: YES, RICH SOIL AREAS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents AMERICAN SMOKE TREE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE ATTRACTIVE SMALL TREE / LARGE SHRUB HABITAT: FOREST HILLSIDE OUTCROPPINGS USEFUL FOR EASTERN AREAS WHICH SOIL: THIN ROCKY TO SANDY LOAMS RECEIVE LOTS OF RAIN BUT DRY OUT QUICKLY ON RAPID DRAINING ROCKY DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL HILLSIDE SOILS. LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION pH: 6.5-8.0 SHOULD BE AKIN TO OTHER SMALL SCALE EXPOSURE: FULL SUN TREES SUCH AS EASTERN RED BUD OR MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY RED BUCKEYE ON SLOPING SITES. USEFUL FOR EXPOSED PLAZAS, RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE COURTYARDS AND WOODED AREAS. HARDINESS: ZONE 6-8 KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: RESISTANT; LEAF SPOT, RUST *ONE OF THE BEST OF ALL AMERICAN INSECT: RESISTANT; SAN JOSE SCALE TREES/SHRUBS FOR INTENSITY AND WIND/ICE: RESISTANT; MOD. STRONG WOOD CONSISTENCY OF FALL COLOR. *ABILITY TO GROW ON ROCKY HILLS. DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *GREAT SPECIMEN/ACCENT PLANT ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ELLIPTIC, OVAL *VERY RARE, HARD TO FIND. SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: BLUEISH GREEN *DIFFICULT TO PROPAGATE. *CAN BE SHORT LIVED IF SOIL IS TOO FALL COLOR: RED,ORANGE,YELLOW, PURPLE. RICH AND DRAINAGE ISN’T ADEQUATE. FLOWER: PINK,GRAY, SMOKEY APPEARANCE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: JULY-SEPTEMBER CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: INFREQUENT RED BERRY MATURE HT X WT: 20-30’ X 15-25’ BARK/STEM: SCALY, GRAYISH BROWN GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: COURSE, IRREGULAR LONGEVITY: 60-100 YEARS

INVASIVENESS: NO Cotinus americanus (obovatus) POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents COMMON PERSIMMON

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE ALTHOUGH PERSIMMON PERFORMS BEST HABITAT: FORESTS, DISTURBED AREAS IN LOCATIONS WITH RICH, MOIST, SOIL; SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, LOAMY, OR CLAY THIS PROMOTES A FASTER GROWTH RATE WHICH CAN RESULT IN A SHORTENED DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL LIFESPAN. PERSIMMON MAKES AN pH: 6.0-6.5 EXCELLENT NATIVE TREE WHERE ITS EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN TENDENCY TO SPREAD FROM ROOT MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO DRY SUCKERS AND FORM COLONIES WOULD NOT BE A PROBLEM; FOR NATURALIZING, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE OPEN AREAS, HIGHWAYS, INDUSTRIAL HARDINESS: ZONE 4b-9 SITES,GOLF COURSES, PARKS, GREEN- WAYS, AND POLLUTED URBAN SITES. DISEASE: MODERATE; PERSIMMON WILT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: MODERATE; WEBWORMS *HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE; NATURALIZING WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *VERY STRONG, HARD, DENSE WOOD DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *MORE CULTIVARS COULD BE SELECTED ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES FROM THE VARIABILITY EXHIBITED IN NAT- URE PROMOTING LANDSCAPE QUALITIES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, GLOSSY KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR:DARK GREEN *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION FALL COLOR: YELLOWISH ORANGE, RED *SHORT LIFE EXPECTANCY FLOWER: HIDDEN, BELL-SHAPED, YELLOW DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: JUNE CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: 1-2” EDIBLE YELLOW ORANGE BERRY

MATURE HT X WT: 25-40’ x 20-30’ BARK/STEM: BLOCKY, DARK GRAY/BLACK Diospyros virginiana GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, OVOID LONGEVITY:50-75 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents KENTUCKY COFFEETREE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE KENTUCKY COFFEE TREE IS A HABITAT: FOREST, PLAINS, RIVER VALLEYS EXCEPTIONAL NATIVE TREE FOR SOIL: COARSE TO FINE LOAMS, CLAY, SAND NATURALIZING. GOLF COURSES, PARKS, RIVER GREENWAYS, NEIGHBORHOOD DRAINAGE: MODERATELY POOR TO WELL SUBDIVISIONS AND INDUSTRIAL AREAS. pH: 6.0-7.5 MAKES AN EXCELLENT TREE FOR ALL OF EXPOSURE: MODERATE TO FULL SUN OKLAHOMA WHERE SOILS ARE POOR MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY AND DROUGHTY OR RICH AND MOIST. KEY ADVANTAGES ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE *BLACK PODS CLING TO TREE - AN HARDINESS: ZONES 4-8 ATTRACTIVE WINTER FEATURE DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT *EXCEPTIONAL TOLERANCE TO A WIDE INSECT: VERY RESISTANT RANGE OF ENVIRONMENTS WIND/ICE: RESISTANT; MOD. STRONG WOOD *OUTSTANDING YEAR ROUND ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *DURABLE, STRONG WOOD ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: ALTERNATE, BIPINNATELY COMP. *LATE TO LEAF OUT IN THE SPRING SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: BLUISH GREEN *SLOW GROWTH RATE *SOMEWHAT MESSY AT TIMES- NOT TO FALL COLOR: YELLOW, NOT PERSISTENT USED NEAR AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC FLOWER: YELLOW GREEN PYRAMIDAL SPIKE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MID-LATE JUNE CLASS:MEDIUM/LARGE DECIDUOUS FRUIT: ATTRACTIVE PURPLISH BLACK POD TREE BARK/STEM: ATTRACTIVE, FURROWED, GREY Gymnocladus dioicus MATURE HT X WT: 75-100’ x 60-85’ GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, OVOID LONGEVITY: 150-250YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: YES, SEED PODS

Return to Table of Contents POSSUMHAW DECIDUOUS HOLLY

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURRING NEAR HABITAT:BOGGS, STREAMS, PLAINS, FORESTS STREAMS AND LAKES, POSSUMHAW IS SOIL: CLAY, LOAM, SAND, ORGANIC SOILS HIGHLY VALUED FOR ITS ABILITY TO THRIVE IN BOTH WET SOILS AND DRIER DRAINAGE: EXTREMELY POOR TO WELL UPLAND SITES.. IT SHOULD BE USED FOR pH: 4.0-8.5 ANY OF THE FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS EXPOSURE: MODERATE TO FULL SUN IN LOW LYING AREAS THAT FLOOD OC- MOISTURE: EXTREMELY MOIST TO DRY CASIONALLY OR CONTAIN POORLY DRAINED SOILS THROUGH PART OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE SEASON:WETLANDS, PARKS, RESIDENTIAL, HARDINESS: ZONE 5b-9 HILL-SIDES, NATURALIZING, HIGHWAYS, WOODED AREAS AND EROSION CONTROL. DISEASE: RESISTANT; LEAF SPOTS, ECT POSSUMHAW SHOULD BE USED IN THE INSECT: MODERATE; LEAF MINER EASTERN HALF OF THE STATE IN ANY WIND/ICE: SUSCEPTIBLE; WEAK WOOD SOILS WHERE ITS TENDENCY TO SPREAD DROUGHT/HEAT: SUSCEPTIBLE FROM ROOT SUCKERS AND FORM DENSE ‘Warren’s Red’ COLONIES WOULD NOT BE A PROBLEM. ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY ADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, OBOVATE *VERY HANDSOME ORNAMENTAL ASSETS SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *TOLERATES ALL EXTREMITIES OF SOIL FALL COLOR: YELLOW, LATE TO COLOR KEY DISADVANTAGES FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT GREENISH WHITE *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION SEASON: LATE MAY TO MID JUNE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FRUIT: CLUSTERS OF SMALL RED BERRIES CLASS: VERY LARGE DECIDUOUS SHRUB BARK/STEM: BLOCKY, DARK GRAY/BLACK MATURE HT X WT: 10-20’ x 8-15’ GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/ YEAR

TEXTURE/FORM: COURSE, IRREGULAR Ilex decidua LONGEVITY: 75-125 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, WET AREAS POISONOUS: YES, FRUITS TOXIC

Return to Table of Contents VIRGINIA SWEETSPIRE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE ATTRACTIVE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES HABITAT: FORESTS, RIVERBANKS, BOGGS AND “TAME” GROWTH HABIT MAKE THIS SOIL: RICH, MEDIUM TO FINE SILT LOAMS NATIVE PLANT WORTHY OF MORE WIDE- SPREAD USE. ALTHOUGH IT IS NATIVE TO DRAINAGE: VERY POOR TO AVERAGE WET AREAS, FIELD EXPERIMENTS SHOW IT pH: 5.5-7.0 TO BE MUCH MORE RESISTANT TO DRY EXPOSURE: FULL SHADE TO FULL SUN CONDITIONS THAN PREVIOUSLY MOISTURE: MOIST TO AVERAGE THOUGHT. IT IS WORTHY OF CONSIDER- ATION FOR THE FOLLOWING USES: MASS ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE PLANTINGS, SPECIMEN/ACCENT PLANT, HARDINESS: ZONES 5b-9 COMMERCIAL SITES, LAGRE RESIDENT- IAL,WOODED AREAS, NATURALIZING, DISEASE: RESISTANT; SOME LEAF SPOT AND PARKS. INSECT: VERY RESISTANT KEY ADVANTAGES WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *GREAT SPECIMEN/ACCENT PLANT *COMPACT, NEAT GROWTH HABIT. ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *GROWS IN FULL SHADE OR FULL SUN FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, OBOVATE, GLOSSY *NO PROBLEMS WITH INSECTS /DISEASE SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN KEY DISADVANTAGES FALL COLOR: SCARLET, PERSISTENT

*NOT SUITABLE FOR DROUGHTY SITES FLOWER: 2”-6” WHITE TERMINAL SPIKE Itea virginica DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE JUNE -JULY CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: INSIGNIFICANT BROWN CAPSULE MATURE HT X WT: 3-8’ x 4-8’ BARK/STEM: RED BROWN, BLOCKY GROWTH RATE: SLOW TO MED; 8-14”/ YR SEGMENTS TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, SPREADING LONGEVITY: 5-10 YRS, ROOTS LONGER INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents BLACK WALNUT

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE WALNUT IS AN ACCEPTABLE NATIVE HABITAT: FORESTS, FLOOD PLAINS, RIVERS LANDSCAPE TREE; EFFORT SHOULD BE SOIL: RICH, MEDIUM TO FINE SILT LOAMS TAKEN TO PRESERVE STANDS OF THIS TREE DURING CONSTRUCTION. USEFUL- DRAINAGE: POOR TO MODERATELY WELL NESS IS LIMITED TO RIVER GREENWAYS, pH: 6.0-8.0 PARKS, GOLF COURSES, LARGE SCALE EXPOSURE: MODERATE SUN TO FULL SUN RESIDENTIAL, NATURALIZING, FLOOD MOISTURE: VERY MOIST TO MODERATELY DRY PLAINS, FOREST PRESERVATIONS AND OPEN SPACES WITH A DEEP SOIL PROFILE. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONES 4-8 *BEAUTIFUL, DURABLE, STRONG WOOD DISEASE: MODERATE WITH HIGH COMMERCIAL VALUE INSECT: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE, NUMEROUS *ATTRACTIVE AS NATURAL GROVE IN ITS WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD NATIVE HABITAT IN LOW LANDS &RIVERS KEY DISADVANTAGES DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE *LOTS OF LEAF,TWIG, AND FRUIT LITTER- ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES LARGE NUTS MAY DAMAGE CARS FOLIAGE: PINNATELY COMPOUND, ALT. *DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT; TAP ROOT SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: GREEN *SERIOUS INSECT ATTACKS MAY COMPLET- FALL COLOR: YELLOW, NOT PERSISTENT Juglans nigra ELY DEFOLIATE CANOPY; WEB WORMS FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN *ROOTS ARE TOXIC TO OTHER PLANTS SEASON: MAY- JUNE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FRUIT: WALNUT, COMMERCIAL VALUE, MESSY CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS TREE BARK/STEM: ATTRACTIVE, DEEPLY FURROWED MATURE HT X WT: 75-100’ x 60-90’ GROWTH RATE: FAST; 24”-36”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, IRREGULAR LONGEVITY: 150-200 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO, BUT SEEDS READILY POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents JUNIPER ONE SEED

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE ONE SEED JUNIPER FORMS AN HABITAT: DRY UPLAND HILLSIDES, CLIFFS ATTRACTIVE MULTI-TRUNK TREE WITH SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY GREAT LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL ON DIFFICULT SITES IN WESTERN OKLA- DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL HOMA. USEFUL FOR RESIDENTIAL, pH: 6.0–8.0 COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, NATURAL- EXPOSURE: FULL SUN ISTIC PLANTINGS, HIGHWAYS, PARKS MOISTURE: DRY TO EXTREMELY DRY AND RECREATION SITES, AND FOREST PRESERVATION AREAS. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONE 5-7 *ATTRACTIVE, FINE TEXTURED FOLIAGE. DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT *THRIVES IN DRY,ROCKY,INFERTILE SOIL INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING WIND/ICE: MODERATE; MEDIUM STRENGTH *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *EXCELLENT EVERGREEN WINDSCREEN ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SCALE-LIKE, VERY DENSE *WILL LANGUISH IN WET SOILS. SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *MAY CONTRACT DISEASES IN THE EAST *RARE IN NURSERY TRADE FALL COLOR: DARK GREEN *DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT FLOWER: MALE-ATTRACTIVE YELLOW POLLEN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE MAY CLASS: SMALL EVERGREEN TREE FRUIT: ATTRACTIVE BLUE BERRY MATURE HT X WT: 10-20’ X 15-25’ BARK/STEM: GREY, FIBROUS, SHREDDY Juniperus monosperma GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, BROAD CONICAL LONGEVITY: 100-175 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents EASTERN RED CEDAR

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE EASTERN RED CEDAR HAS A WIDE- HABITAT: DRY ROCKY UPLANDS, PLAINS SPREAD RANGE AND IS EXTREMELY SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, CLAYISH, OR LOAMY VARIABLE IN FORM, COLOR, AND TEX- TURE. IT IS ONE OF OUR PRECIOUS FEW DRAINAGE:MOD.POOR TO EXCESSIVELY WELL NATIVE EVERGREEN TREES. LANDSCAPE pH: 6.0-8.0 USE SHOULD INCLUDE SMALL TO LARGE EXPOSURE: FULL SUN RESIDENTIAL ESTATES, WOODED AREAS, MOISTURE: MOIST TO VERY DRY PARKS, GOLF COURSES. IN ADDITION, THIS TREE DEFINITELY HAS MERITS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE DIFFICULT PLACES SUCH AS STRIP MINE HARDINESS: ZONE 3-9b AREAS, HIGHWAY CUTS & FILLS, HILL- SIDES, REFORESTATION PLOTS, SHELTER DISEASE: MODERATE; CEDAR APPLE RUST BELT PLANTINGS, & EROSION CONTROL. INSECT: MODERATE; BAG WORMS, MITES KEY ADVANTAGES WIND/ICE: RESISTANT; MOD. STRONG WOOD *FREE OF LETHAL DISEASES & INSECTS DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *EXCELLENT EVERGREEN WINDSCREEN FOLIAGE: SCALE-LIKE, VERY DENSE KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DK. GREEN-BLUISH *INVASIVE, TAKES OVER GRASSLANDS FALL COLOR: BRONZE –DARK GREEN *VERY SUSCEPTIBLE TO FIRE FLOWER: MALE-ATTRACTIVE YELLOW POLLEN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MID TO LATE MAY CLASS: MEDIUM EVERGREEN TREE FRUIT: FEMALE- ATTRACTIVE BLUE BERRY

MATURE HT X WT: 2O-40’x 10-30’ BARK/STEM: EXFOLIATING RED-BROWN BARK Juniperus virginiana GROWTH RATE: SLOW/MED; 9-12”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: CONICAL, PYPAMIDAL LONGEVITY: LONG; 150-300 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents TRUMPET HONEYSUCKLE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE TRUMPET VINE IS A BEAUTIFUL ORNA- HABITAT: UPLAND FORESTS, HILLS, CLIFFS MENTAL VINE WITH DULL BLUE-GREEN SOIL: COARSE TO FINE LOAMS, CLAY, ROCKY FOLIAGE CLUSTERS OF TUBULAR RED FLOWERS, REDDISH ORANGE BERRIES, DRAINAGE: MOD.WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL AND “TAME” GROWTH HABIT MAKE THIS pH: 6.0-7.5 NATIVE VINE QUALIFIED FOR A WIDE EXPOSURE: FULL SHADE TO FULL SUN VARIETY OF LANDSCAPE USES. USE FOR: MOISTURE: MOIST TO VERY DRY RESIDENTIAL; FENCES, ARBORS, WALLS, GROUND COVER, EROSION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE HIGHWAY, STREETSCAPES, COMMERCIAL, HARDINESS: 4a-9 URBAN PLAZAS, NATURALIZING, RIVER BANKS, PARKS & SCREENING JUNK PILES DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT; SOME LEAF SPOT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: MODERATE; LEAF ROLLERS, APHIDS *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES; FLOWERS WIND/ICE: RESISTANT, STRONG STEMS *VERSATILE; GROUNDCOVER/CLIMBER DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *LONG LIVED, NO MAJOR PROBLEMS *TOLERANT OF HEAVY PRUNING ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, OPPOSITE, GLOSSY *MUST BE CLEANED OUT EVERY 3-5 YEARS SPRING/SUMMER COLOR:DARK GREEN TO MAINTAIN ORDERLY APPEARANCE FALL COLOR: YELLOW GREEN, PERSISTENT *CAN BE INVASIVE IN MOIST, RICH SOIL FLOWER: 1-2” SCARLET TRUMPETS, CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE JUNE - EARLY SEPTEMBER CLASS: MEDIUM SEMI-EVERGREEN VINE FRUIT: CLUSTERS OF ¼” ORANGE/RED BERRIES MATURE HT X WT: 3-20’ x 6-12’ BARK/STEM: SMOOTH, BEIGE, EXFOLIATING

GROWTH RATE: SLOW/FAST; 1’-10’/ YR. Lonicera sempervirens TEXTURE/FORM: COARSE , VARIABLE LONGEVITY: 75-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS:YES, IN MOIST, RICH SOILS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents MAGNOLIA CUCUMBER TREE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE THE NATIVE RANGE OF CUCUMBER TREE HABITAT: FORESTS, MT. SLOPES, VALLEYS MAGNOLIA BARELY REACHES INTO SOIL: RICH, MEDIUM TO FINE SILT LOAMS OKLAHOMA. IT IS OFTEN VIEWED AS AN ARISTOCRATIC, SPECIALTY GARDEN DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL TREE. THIS TREE CAN BE USED IN pH: 4.0-7.5 FORESTED AREAS, UPLAND PARKS, EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN LARGE SCALE ESTATES, NATURALIZING, MOISTURE: MOIST TO AVERAGE AND MOIST RIVER VALLEYS WHERE AN APPROPRIATE MICROCLIMATE EXISTS. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONE 4b-8 *NO PROBLEMS WITH INSECTS /DISEASE DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT *VERY BEAUTIFUL TREE WITH OUT- INSECT: VERY RESISTANT STANDING ORNAMENTAL FEATURES WIND/ICE: MODERATE; MEDIUM STRENGTH *EXCELLENT SPECIMEN TREE WITH AGE KEY DISADVANTAGES DROUGHT/HEAT: SUSCEPTIBLE *VERY LIMITED ADAPTABILITY RANGE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES * INTOLERANT TO CONSTRUCTION FOLIAGE:LARGE, SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, DULL * DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT AND SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: YELLOW GREEN PROPAGATE, RARE IN NURSERY TRADE *WILL NOT TOLERATE DROUGHT NOR FALL COLOR: YELLOW GREEN HEAT WITHOUT IRRIGATION. FLOWER: 2-3” SINGLE, BELL SHAPED, YELLOW DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY TO EARLY JUNE CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: FOLLICLE, BRIGHT RED NAKED SEEDS MATURE HT X WT: 75-100’ x 50-80’ BARK/STEM: GRAY BROWN, FURROWED Magnolia acuminata GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: COARSE, OVOID LONGEVITY: 100-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents WHITE SHIELD OSAGE ORANGE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE ‘WHITE SHIELD’ OSAGE ORANGE IS ONE HABITAT: FORESTS, RIVERBANKS, PRAIRIE OF OUR MOST HIGHLY-RATED, UNDER- SOIL: ANY; CLAY, SAND, SILT, LOAM USED NATIVE TREES. THE CULTIVAR IS A TREMENDOUS IMPROVEMENT OVER THE DRAINAGE: POOR TO EXCESSIVELY WELL SPECIES, ELIMINATING THE UNDESIR- pH: 6.0–8.0 ABLE CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDING EXPOSURE: MODERATE SUN TO FULL SUN THORNS AND FRUIT, WHILE IMPROVING MOISTURE: MOIST TO VERY DRY THE GLOSSY GREEN LEAF QUALITIES. IT HAS A SIMILAR APPEARANCE TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE BRADFORD PEAR AND LANDSCAPE USE HARDINESS: ZONES 5-10 SHOULD BE COMPARABLE; PARKS,GREEN- WAYS, RESIDENTIAL SITES, STREETSCAPES, DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT COMMERCIAL, GOLF COURSES, & MORE. INSECT: VERY RESISTANT KEY ADVANTAGES WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *EXTREME ENVIRONMENTAL TOUGHNESS ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *EXTREMELY STRONG DENSE WOOD *EXTREMELY FAST GROWTH RATE FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, GLOSSY, WHORLED *NO PROBLEMS WITH INSECTS /DISEASE SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN KEY DISADVANTAGES FALL COLOR: YELLOW *SOMEWHAT RARE IN NURSERY TRADE FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, RACEMES DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: NO FRUIT ON CULTIVAR MATURE HT X WT: 30-40’ x 30-40’ BARK/STEM:ORANGE-BEIGE, FURROWED GROWTH RATE:VERY FAST; 24”- 48“/YR. TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, OBOVOID LONGEVITY: 100-250 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO Maclura pomifera ‘White Shield’ POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents GUM BLACK

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE BLACK GUM IS A WORTHY TREE FOR HABITAT: FOREST, SAVANNA, VALLEYS AREAS WITH MODERATELY GOOD SOIL SOIL: COARSE TO MOD. FINE LOAMS AND PERIODICALLY CHANGING SOIL DRAINAGE CONDITIONS. MAKES NICE DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL SPECIMEN TREE FOR RESIDENTIAL AND pH: 5.0-6.0 COMMERCIAL SITES, URBAN PLAZAS, EXPOSURE: MODERATE TO FULL SUN PARKS, GOLF COURSES, LOW TRAFFIC MOISTURE: MOIST TO MODERATELY DRY VOLUME STREET USE, GREEN-WAYS, AND NATURALIZING. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: 4-9 *OUTSTANDING RED FALL COLOR DISEASE: SUSCEPTIBLE; CANKERS, LEAF SPOT *DARK GREEN PERSISTENT FOLIAGE INSECT: MODERATE; LEAF MINER, SCALE *TOLERATES RANGE OF SOIL DRAINAGE ‘Miss Scarlet’ WIND/ICE: RESISTANT; MOD. STRONG WOOD CONDITIONS ESPECIALLY WET/SWAMPY *NICE PYRAMIDAL SHAPE WHEN YOUNG DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE KEY DISADVANTAGES ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *WILL NOT TOLERATE HIGH PH SOILS FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, GLOSSY *SLOW GROWTH RATE SPRING/SUMMER COLOR:DARK GREEN *DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT (TAPROOT) *DISEASES CAN BE PROBLEMATIC FALL COLOR: DEEP RED, PURPLE *LOW TO MOD. DROUGHT TOLERANCE FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT GREENISH WHITE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE MAY CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: SMALL BLUE FLESHY BERRY MATURE HT X WT: 30-50’ X 20-30’ BARK/STEM: BLOCKY, DARK GRAY/BLACK GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”-12”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, PYRAMIDAL LONGEVITY:100-150 YEARS Nyssa sylvatica INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents TREE CHOLLA

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE TREE CHOLLA FORMS AN ATTRACTIVE HABITAT: DRY UPLAND HILLSIDES, PLAINS MULTI-BRANCHING SHRUB WITH GREAT SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL ON DIFFICULT SITES IN WESTERN TO CENTRAL OKLA- DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL HOMA.THORNS ARE VERY HAZZARD- pH: 5.0–8.5 OUS; SHOULD NOT BE USED NEAR EXPOSURE: FULL SUN CHILDREN. IT TOLERATES HIGHER RAIN- MOISTURE: DRY TO EXTREMELY DRY FALL IF IN WELL DRAINED SITE. USEFUL FOR RESIDENTIAL, HIGHWAYS, OPEN ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE AREAS, HILLSIDES, DESERT GARDENS HARDINESS: ZONE 5-9 KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *ATTRACTIVE, FLOWERS AND FRUIT INSECT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *THRIVES IN DRY,ROCKY,INFERTILE SOIL WIND/ICE: RESISTANT ;MOD. STRONG WOOD *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING *EASY TO TRANSPLANT AND PROPAGATE DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: NONE, SUCCULENT STEMS *WILL LANGUISH IN WET SOILS. SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *MAY CONTRACT DISEASES IN THE EAST *RARE IN NURSERY TRADE FALL COLOR: GREENISH PURPLE, SHRIVELED *HAZZARDOUS SPINES FLOWER: 2”-3” MAGENTA; VERY SHOWY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY- JUNE

CLASS: MEDIUM EVERGREEN SHRUB FRUIT: 2” YELLOW FRUIT, PERSISTENT Opuntia imbricata MATURE HT X WT: 3-5’ X 3-5’ BARK/STEM: VERY SPINY, GOLDEN YELLOW GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: COURSE, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 25-75 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents CREEPER VIRGINIA VIRGINIA

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE EXCEPTIONAL ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES; HABITAT: FOREST, SAVANNA, VALLEYS LARGE GLOSSY GREEN FOLIAGE, BLAZING SOIL: COARSE TO MOD. FINE LOAMS RED FALL COLOR, POWDERY BLUISH BLACK BERRIES , AND “TAME” GROWTH DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL HABIT MAKE THIS NATIVE VINE QUALIFIED pH: 6.0-8.0 FOR A WIDE VARIETY OF LANDSCAPE EXPOSURE: MODERATE SHADE TO FULL SUN USES. ALTHOUGH GROWTH IS FAST, IT IS MOISTURE: MOIST TO MODERATELY DRY WELL CONFINED TO THE STRUCTURE AND IS EASY TO MANAGE. USE FOR: RESIDENT- ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE IAL; FENCES, ARBORS, WALLS, GROUND- HARDINESS: 6a-9b COVER, EROSION CONTROL, HIGHWAY, STREETSCAPES, COMMERCIAL, URBAN DISEASE: MODERATE; SOME LEAF SPOT PLAZAS & NATURALIZING. INSECT: RESISTANT KEY ADVANTAGES WIND/ICE:MODERATE; WEAK, HOLLOW STEMS *FAST GROWTH RATE; INSTANT COVER DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE *COMPACT GROWTH CLINGS TO STRUC- ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES TURE; LITTLE PRUNING IS REQUIRED *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, OPPOSITE, GLOSSY *VERSATILE; GROUNDCOVER/CLIMBER SPRING/SUMMER COLOR:DARK GREEN KEY DISADVANTAGES FALL COLOR: GREENISH PURPLE *CAN BE INVASIVE IN MOIST, RICH SOIL FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT GREENISH WHITE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: JUNE- EARLY JULY CLASS: SMALL/LARGE DECIDUOUS VINE FRUIT: ¼” BLUISH BLACK BERRIES MATURE HT X WT: 5-35’ x 15-40’ BARK/STEM:ROUGH, DARK GRAY, FURROWED GROWTH RATE: VERY FAST; 5’-10’/ YR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, VARIABLE

LONGEVITY: 75-125 YEARS Parthenocissus quinquefolia INVASIVENESS: YES, SEEDLINGS POISONOUS: YES, FRUITS TOXIC

Return to Table of Contents FLOWER PASSION

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE PASSION FLOWER IS A BEAUTIFUL ORNA- HABITAT: FOREST OPENINGS, GRASSLANDS MENTAL VINE WITH LARGE LAVENDER SOIL: COARSE TO FINE LOAMS, CLAY FLOWERS AND LARGE YELLOWISH ORA- NGE FRUIT. AN EXTENSIVE NETWORK OF DRAINAGE: MOD. WELL TO WELL LONG LIVING ROOTS PERPETUATE COL- pH: 6.0-7.0 ONY WHEN TOP GROWTH DIES TO THE EXPOSURE: MODERATE TO FULL SUN GROUND EACH WINTER. DON’T USE IN MOISTURE: MOIST TO MODERATELY DRY SMALL OR MOIST AREAS BECAUSE ITS RHIZOME ROOT SYSTEM WILL SEND UP ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE SHOOTS A GREAT DISTANCE AWAY FROM HARDINESS: 6b-10 THE PARENT PLANT TAKING OVER THE SITE. USE FOR: OPEN FIELDS, OPEN FOR- DISEASE: RESISTANT; SOME LEAF SPOT EST UNDER-STORY, EROSION CONTROL, INSECT: RESISTANT; SOME CHEWING INSECTS HIGHWAYS, FENCES, AND RESIDENTIAL. WIND/ICE:SUSCEPTIBLE; WEAK, STEMS KEY ADVANTAGES DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES; FLOWER, ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES AND FRUITS GIVE TROPICAL APPEARANCE KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE:SIMPLE, OPPOSITE, ROUGH, 3-LOBES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION. *ROOT SYSTEM CAN BE INVASIVE FALL COLOR: YELLOW *DIES TO GROUND IN WINTER; EYE SORE FLOWER: 2-3” LAVENDER, VERY UNIQUE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE APRIL- EARLY AUGUST Passiflora lutea CLASS: LOW DECIDUOUS VINE FRUIT: 2” YELLOWISH ORANGE FRUIT, SHOWY MATURE HT X WT: 3-5’ x 5-10’ BARK/STEM:BROWN, HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL GROWTH RATE: FAST; 3’-5’/ YR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, SPREADING LONGEVITY: 25-50 YEARS INVASIVENESS:YES, IN MOIST, RICH SOILS POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents PINE PINYON

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE PINION PINE FORMS AN EXCELLENT HABITAT: DRY UPLAND HILLSIDES, CLIFFS SOLITARY OR MULTI-TRUNK TREE WITH SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY GREAT LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL ON DIFFICULT SITES IN WESTERN OKLA- DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL HOMA. USEFUL FOR RESIDENTIAL, pH: 6.0–8.0 COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, NATURAL- EXPOSURE: FULL SUN ISTIC PLANTINGS, HIGHWAYS, PARKS MOISTURE: DRY TO EXTREMELY DRY AND RECREATION SITES AND HILLSIDES KEY ADVANTAGES ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE *EXCELLENT EVERGREEN WINDSCREEN HARDINESS: ZONE 4-8 *THRIVES IN DRY,ROCKY,INFERTILE SOIL DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES WIND/ICE: MODERATE; MEDIUM STRENGTH *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE KEY DISADVANTAGES DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *MAY SUFFER IRREPARABLE DAMAGE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES FROM HEAVY SNOW AND ICE STORMS FOLIAGE: 2-3 NEEDLES/ FASCICLE, 2-5” LONG *EXPENSIVE IN A NURSERY TRADE DUE SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: BLUE-GREEN TO VERY SLOW GROWTH RATE FALL COLOR:BLUE-GREEN *MAY CONTRACT DISEASES IN THE EAST Pinus edulis *WILL LANGUISH IN WET SOILS. FLOWER: ATTRACTIVE YELLOW POLLEN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY-JUNE CLASS: SMALL EVERGREEN TREE FRUIT: RUST BROWN CONE, EDIBLE PINE NUT MATURE HT X WT: 10-20’ X 15-25’ BARK/STEM: RUST BROWN, DEEP FURROWED GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MED, BROAD CONICAL LONGEVITY: 100-200 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS:NO,EDIBLE GOURMET NUT

Return to Table of Contents PINE PONDEROSA

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE PONDEROSA PINE IS A WELL- HABITAT: DRY UPLAND HILLSIDES, PLAINS QUALIFIED TREE FOR ALL OF WESTERN SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY TO CENTRAL OKLAHOMA ON SLOPES WHERE SOILS ARE CALCAREOUS AND DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL DROUGHTY. WHEN GROWN AS A pH: 5.0–7.0 SPECIMEN, THE TREE DEVELOPS A EXPOSURE: FULL SUN LOOSE, SOMEWHAT BROAD OVAL MOISTURE: DRY TO EXTREMELY DRY CROWN. PONDEROSA PINE IS GREAT FOR NATURALISTIC, INFORMAL, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE SETTINGS, AND IS BEST UTILIZED AS HARDINESS: ZONE 6-9 GROUPINGS FOR PARKS, GOLF COURSES, HIGHWAYS, AND LARGE ESTATES DISEASE: MODERATE; NEEDLE BLIGHT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: MODERATE; NUMEROUS *EXCELLENT EVERGREEN WINDSCREEN WIND/ICE: RESISTANT ;MOD. STRONG WOOD *THRIVES IN DRY,ROCKY,INFERTILE SOIL DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE:3 NEEDLES/ FASCICLE, 5-10” LONG SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *MAY CONTRACT DISEASES IN THE EAST *SENSITIVE TO SOIL COMPACTION AND FALL COLOR: MEDIUM TO DARK GREEN CONSTRUCTION DAMAGE FLOWER: ATTRACTIVE YELLOW POLLEN SEASON: JUNE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Pinus ponderosa CLASS: LARGE EVERGREEN TREE FRUIT: RUST BROWN CONE MATURE HT X WT: 60-100’ x 25-45’ BARK/STEM: BLACK/RUST BROWN,FURROWED GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, CONICAL LONGEVITY: 250-400 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents PINE LOBLOLLY

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE LOBLOLLY PINE IS GREAT FOR HABITAT:FORESTS, HILLSIDES, FLOOD PLAINS NATURALISTIC, INFORMAL, SETTINGS, SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, CLAYISH, OR LOAMY AND IS BEST UTILIZED AS GROUPINGS. BECAUSE IT IS A FIRST SUCCESSION DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL TREE IN THE ECOLOGY, IT MAKES A pH: 4.5-6.5 GREAT TREE FOR DISTURBED AREAS EXPOSURE: FULL SUN SUCH AS REFORESTATION PLOTS, STRIP MOISTURE: VERY MOIST TO MOD. DRY MINE AREAS, HIGHWAY CUTS AND FILLS, HILLSIDES, REFORESTATION PLOTS, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE SHELTER BELT PLANTINGS, WIND HARDINESS: ZONE 6-9 BREAKS, AND EROSION CONTROL. CAN ALSO BE USED FOR FLOODPLAIN PARKS, DISEASE: MODERATE; HEART ROT GOLF COURSES, AND LARGE ESTATES. INSECT: MODERATE; PINE BEETLE KEY ADVANTAGES WIND/ICE: MODERATE; MEDIUM STRENGTH *FAST GROWTH WITH STRONG WOOD DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *WITHSTANDS HEAVY/DROUGHTY CLAYS ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *RESISTANT TO PINEWOOD NEMATODE KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: 3 NEEDLES/ FASCICLE, 6-10” LONG SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: LIGHT GREEN *MAY BECOME WEEDY IN SOME AREAS FALL COLOR: YELLOW-GREEN, THINS OUT *EVEN HEALTHY TREES TEND TO THIN Pinus taeda AND APPEAR YELLOWISH IN WINTER FLOWER: ATTRACTIVE YELLOW POLLEN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY-JUNE CLASS:MEDIUM/LARGE EVERGREEN TREE FRUIT: RUST BROWN CONE MATURE HT X WT: 45-75’ x 35-55’ BARK/STEM: RUST BROWN, DEEP FURROWED GROWTH RATE: FAST; 24-36”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, OBOVOID LONGEVITY: 100-200 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, IN WET AREAS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents COTTONLESS COTTONWOOD

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE VALUABLE LANDSCAPE TREE FOR HABITAT: RIVERBANKS, FLOOD PLAINS AREAS WHICH ARE DISTURBED OR SOIL: SILTY LOAM, SAND, CLAY, ORGANIC EXPERIENCE PERIODIC FLOODING WHERE LITTLE ELSE WILL GROW. USEFUL DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL ALONG RIVER GREENWAYS,PARKS, GOLF pH: 6.0-8.0 COURSES, LARGE SCALE RESIDENTIAL, EXPOSURE:MODERATE SUN TO FULL SUN OPEN AREAS, AND EROSION CONTROL. MOISTURE:VERY MOIST TO MODERATELY DRY KEY ADVANTAGES *VERY FAST GROWTH RATE RESULTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE

A HANDSOME TREE THAT CAN BE HARDINESS: ZONE 3a-9 ‘Robusta’ ENJOYED IN ONE GENERATION DISEASE: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE * EASY TO PROPAGATE & TRANSPLANT INSECT: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE * ESTABLISHES ITSELF QUICKLY *TOLERATES PERIODIC FLOODS WIND/ICE: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE, WEAK WOOD *LEAVES CREATE PLEASANT BACK- DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE GROUND RUSTLE IN THE BREEZE. ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, GLOSSY *VERY SHORT LIFE EXPECTANCY *DESTRUCTIVE TO SIDEWALKS & PIPES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *WEAK WOODED; TENDENCY TO BREAK FALL COLOR: YELLOW DURING WIND OR ICE STORMS FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN *SUSCEPTIBLE TO INSECTS & DISEASES SEASON: MARCH- MAY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FRUIT: NONE OF CULTIVAR CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS TREE BARK/STEM: ATTRACTIVE, LIGHT GRAY MATURE HT X WT: 75’-100’ x 50’- 75’ GROWTH RATE: VERY FAST; 3-5’/YR

TEXTURE/FORM:COARSE, OBOVOID Populus deltoides LONGEVITY: 50-75 YEARS INVASIVENESS:YES, SEEDLINGS PROLIFIC POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents HONEY MESQUITE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE MESQUITE IS A BEAUTIFUL UNDER- HABITAT: SANDY WASHES, DRY GRASSLANDS UTILIZED TREE THAT HAS PLENTY OF SOIL: SANDY OR LOAMY, CALCAREOUS MERIT IN THE LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY. IT’S AN EXCELLENT TREE FOR ALL OF DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL WESTERN TO CENTRAL OKLAHOMA pH: 7.0 -8.5 WHERE SOILS ARE CALCAREOUS AND EXPOSURE: FULL SUN DROUGHTY. WHEN GROWN AS A MOISTURE: DRY TO EXTREMELY DRY SPECIMEN, THE TREE DEVELOPS A LOOSE, SOMEWHAT BROAD OVAL ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE CROWN. USE FOR NATURALIZING, HARDINESS: ZONE 6-10 SHELTER BELT PLANTINGS, EXPOSED PLAZAS, RESIDENTIAL COURTYARDS DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT GOLF COURSES & EROSION CONTROL. INSECT: VERY RESISTANT KEY ADVANTAGES WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT, STRONG WOOD * HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *THRIVES IN DRY,SANDY,INFERTILE SOIL ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *OPEN CANOPY,ALLOWS HEALTHY GRASS GROWTH UNDERNEATH. FOLIAGE:OPPOSITE,BIPINNATELY COMPOUND KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: LIGHT GREEN *THORNY BRANCHES ARE UNDESIRABLE FALL COLOR: YELLOW *MAY BECOME WEEDY IN SOME AREAS FLOWER: YELLOW FRAGRANT CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY-JULY CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: BROWN POD, SOMEWHAT MESSY Prosopis glandulosa MATURE HT X WT: 10-20’ X 10-20’ BARK/STEM: BROWN, ROUGH, FURROWED GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 9-18” / YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 100-200 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE BEANS

Return to Table of Contents CHICKASAW (SAND) PLUM

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE CHICKASAW PLUM FORMS A NICE, FINE HABITAT:GRASSLANDS, SANDY RIVER BANKS TEXTURED THICKET WITH MULTI-SEASON SOIL: SANDY, OR LOAMY INTEREST. IT DISPLAYS GREAT LANDS- CAPE POTENTIAL ON UPLAND DIFFICULT DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL SITES IN MOST OF OKLAHOMA, BUT pH: 6.0-8.0 SHOULD NOT BE USED IN SMALL AREAS EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN WITH RICH, MOIST SOIL IN THESE SITUAT- MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO VERY DRY IONS IT BECOMES EXTREMELY INVASIVE. USEFUL FOR EROSION CONTROL, LARGE ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE RESIDENTIAL, HILLSIDES, NATURALIZING, HARDINESS: ZONE 6-9 HEDGEROWS, BACKGROUND PLANTINGS, HIGHWAYS, RECLAMATION, & PARKS. DISEASE: MODERATE, LEAF SPOT, HEART ROT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: MODERATE, LEAF CHEWING INSECTS *FORMS THICKET OF SIMILAR SIZED WIND/ICE: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE; WEAK WOOD PLANTS-TOLERANT OF HEAVY PRUNING DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE *EASY TO TRANSPLANT AND PROPAGATE FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ELLIPTIC, POINTED KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION. FALL COLOR: YELLOW *SHARP THORNS ON NEW GROWTH FLOWER: 1/2” WHITE, 5 PETALS, CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MID TO LATE MARCH CLASS:MED./LARGE DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: 1” ORANGE-RED PLUM, EDIBLE Prunus angustifolia MATURE HT X WT: 4-8’ x 5-10’ BARK/STEM: LIGHT REDDISH BROWN GROWTH RATE: FAST; 24”-36”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 10-20 YRS, ROOTS LONGER INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS:NO, SWEET, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents PLUM MEXICAN

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE VERY ATTRACTIVE SMALL TREE WITH HABITAT: DRY UPLAND FOREST & HILLSIDES WHITE FLOWERS AND HANDSOME BLUE- SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY GREEN FOLIAGE. LANDSCAPE USE SHOULD BE COMPARABLE TO OTHER DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO EXCESSIVELY WELL SMALL SCALE TREES SUCH AS EASTERN pH: 6.0-8.0 RED BUD. WHEN GROWN AS A EXPOSURE: FULL SHADE TO FULL SUN SPECIMEN, THE TREE DEVELOPS A MOISTURE: MOIST TO VERY DRY LOOSE, SOMEWHAT BROAD OVAL CROWN. USEFUL FOR PLAZAS, PARKS ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE RESIDENTIAL SITES & WOODED AREAS. HARDINESS: ZONE 5-9 KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: MODERATE, LEAF SPOT, HEART ROT *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES- INSECT: MODERATE, LEAF CHEWING INSECTS VERY ATTRACTIVE WHITE FLOWERS WIND/ICE: RESISTANT ;MOD. STRONG WOOD FOLLOWED BY PERSISTENT FRUITS *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *EASY TO TRANSPLANT & PROPAGATE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ELLIPTIC, POINTED *CAN BE SHORT LIVED IF SOIL IS TOO SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: BLUISH GREEN RICH AND DRAINAGE ISN’T ADEQUATE. *SOMEWHAT MESSY IN FALL- NOT TO FALL COLOR: YELLOW, BROWN, NOT SHOWY USED NEAR AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC FLOWER: 1” WHITE, 5 PETALS, CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MID TO LATE MARCH Prunus mexicana CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: 1-1.5” PURPLE-RED PLUM, EDIBLE MATURE HT X WT: 15-20’ X 15-25’ BARK/STEM: GRAY, ROUGH, FURROWED GROWTH RATE: FAST; 24”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, IRREGULAR LONGEVITY: 50-75 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO, BUT SEEDS READILY POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents COMMON HOP TREE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE AS PROOF OF IT’S ADAPTABILITY, HOP HABITAT: DRY ROCKY UPLANDS, FORESTS TREE IS ONE OF FEW TREES THAT CAN SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY BE FOUND IN BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES OF OKLAHOMA; THE NORTH DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL WEST AND SOUTH EAST CORNERS OF THE pH: 4.0-7.0 STATE. USEFUL FOR STREETSCAPES, HIGH- EXPOSURE: FULL SHADE TO FULL SUN WAYS, PLAZAS, RESIDENTIAL COURT- MOISTURE: MOIST TO EXTREMELY DRY YARDS, WOODED AREAS, & PARKS. KEY ADVANTAGES ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE *VALUED FOR ITS ABILITY TO GROW HARDINESS: ZONES 5a-8a WELL IN BOTH FULL SHADE & FULL SUN DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT *INTERESTING FRUITS AND FLOWERS INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *ATTRACTIVE MULTI-BRANCHING HABIT WIND/ICE: RESISTANT *VERY ADAPTABLE WIDESPREAD RANGE *NO MAJOR DISEASE/ INSECT PROBLEMS DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT KEY DISADVANTAGES ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *NOT AVAILABLE IN NURSERY TRADE FOLIAGE: TRI-FOLIATE, COMPOUND, GLOSSY *HAS TENDENCY TO COLONIZE; SUR- SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: LT./ MED. GREEN FACE ROOTS SUCKER IF DAMAGED *WILL NOT TOLERATE POOR TO AVER- FALL COLOR: YELLOW AGE DRAINAGE OR HEAVY CLAY SOILS. FLOWER: FLAT YELLOW-GREEN CLUSTER

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: JUNE Ptelea trifoliata CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT:TAN CIRCULAR SAMARA, PERSISTENT MATURE HT X WT: 1O-20’x 10-20’ BARK/STEM: SMOOTH, RED BROWN/GRAY GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 9-18” / YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 75-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents OAK GAMBLE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE GAMBEL OAK FORMS AN ATTRACTIVE HABITAT:VALLEYS, HILLSIDES, CLIFFS MULTI-TRUNK TREE OR THICKET WITH SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY GREAT LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL ON DIF- FICULT SITES IN N.W. OKLAHOMA. USEFUL DRAINAGE:AVERAGE TO EXCESSIVELY WELL FOR RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, HILL- pH : 4.5–8.0 SIDES NATURALISTIC PLANTINGS, HIGH- EXPOSURE: FULL SUN WAYS, PARKS AND RECREATION SITES, MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO EXTREMELY DRY AND FOREST PRESERVATION AREAS. KEY ADVANTAGES ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE *THRIVES IN DRY,ROCKY,INFERTILE SOIL HARDINESS: ZONE 4-6 *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *FORMS NON-INVASIVE THICKET OF EQUAL SIZED PLANTS- NO PRUNING DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *EXCELLENT RED/ORANGE FALL COLOR ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, GLOSSY, 7-11-LOBED, ALT. *WILL LANGUISH IN WET SOILS. SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *MAY CONTRACT DISEASES IN THE EAST *MAY SUFFER FROM HEAT STRESS FALL COLOR: RED/ORANGE ,YELLOW *DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY,YELLOW POLLEN UNDESIRABLE Quercus gambelii CLASS: VERY LARGE DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: TAN ACORN, NOT MESSY MATURE HT X WT: 6-20’ x 6-12’ BARK/STEM: GREY, ROUGH, FURROWED GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 150-300 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO

Return to Table of Contents OAK BURR

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE BURR OAK MAKES AN EXCELLENT HABITAT:FORESTS,FLOOD PLAINS, DRY HILLS LARGE-SCALE LANDSCAPE TREE DUE TO SOIL: COARSE SANDS TO FINE CLAY LOAMS ITS ORNAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS ABILITY TO ADAPT TO DIFFER- DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL ENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. IT pH: 4.5-8.0 MAKES A NICE SPECIMEN TREE FOR RESI- EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN DENTIAL SITES, PARKS, GOLF COURSES, MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY NATURALIZING, AND URBAN SITES. KEY ADVANTAGES ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES HARDINESS: ZONE 3-8 *VERY DURABLE, STRONG WOOD DISEASE: SUSCEPTIBLE; OAK WILT, ECT. *VERY TOLERANT OF CITY CONDITIONS INSECT: MODERATE; OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR *NICE PICTURESQUE SHAPE WITH AGE. WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *VERY LONG LIVED, DESPITE DISEASES KEY DISADVANTAGES DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *SLOW GROWTH RATE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT(TAPROOT) FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, 3-LOBED, ALT, COARSE *LARGE ACORNS MAY DAMAGE CARS SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: LT. TO DK. GREEN *DISEASES CAN BE PROBLEMATIC, BUT ARE USUALLY NOT FATAL. FALL COLOR: BROWN, SOMETIMES RED *INTOLERANT TO CONSTRUCTION FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: LARGE ACORN, SOMEWHAT MESSY

MATURE HT X WT: 75-100’ x 75-100’ BARK/STEM:ATTRACTIVE, DEEPLY FURROWED Quercus macrocarpa GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: COURSE, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 200-300 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents OAK BLACKJACK

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE BLACKJACK OAK IS AN BEAUTIFUL NAT- IVE HABITAT: DRY UPLAND FOREST & HILLSIDES TREE FOR NATURALIZING, WOOD-LANDS, SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY GOLF COURSES, SMALL TO LARGE RESIDENTIAL ESTATES, AND NEIGHBOR- DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL HOOD SUBDIVISIONS. ALTHOUGH IT IS pH: 4.5-6.0 USUALLY ENCOUNTERED IN A DENSE FOR- EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN EST; WHEN GROWN AS A SPECIMEN, THE MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO DRY TREE DEVELOPS A DENSE, SOMEWHAT BROAD OVAL, CROWN. EFFORT SHOULD BE ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE TAKEN TO PRESERVE STANDS OF THIS HARDINESS: ZONE 6-9 TREE DURING CONSTRUCTION. KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: MODERATE; OAK WILT, HEART ROT INSECT: RESISTANT; OAK SKELETONIZER *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *VERY DURABLE, STRONG WOOD *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *TOLERATES DRY,SANDY,INFERTILE SOIL ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, GLOSSY, 3-LOBED, ALT. *RETAINS DEAD LEAVES IN WINTER SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *INTOLERANT TO CONSTRUCTION *DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT AND FALL COLOR: YELLOW, BROWN, PERSISTENT PROPAGATE, RARE IN NURSERY TRADE FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY,YELLOW POLLEN UNDESIRABLE CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: TAN ACORN, NOT MESSY

MATURE HT X WT:35-45’ X 25-35’ BARK/STEM: ATTRACTIVE, BLOCKY, BLACK Quercus marilandica GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, OVOID LONGEVITY: 150-300 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents OAK CHINQUAPIN

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE CHINQUAPIN OAK IS A WELL- QUALIFIED HABITAT: DRY UPLAND FOREST, OUTCROPS NATIVE LANDSCAPE TREE WORTH SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY CLAYS SAVING; EFFORT SHOULD BE TAKEN TO PRESERVE STANDS OF THIS TREE DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL DURING CONSTRUCTION. USE FOR pH: 6.0-8.5 NATURALIZING. FOREST PRE- EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN SERVATIONS, GOLF COURSES, AND MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO DRY NEIGHBORHOOD SUBDIVISIONS. KEY ADVANTAGES ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE *GROWS WELL ON DRY ROCKY LIMES- HARDINESS: ZONE 4b-8 TONE OUTCROPPINGS WITH HIGH PH DISEASE: MODERATE; OAK WILT, HEART ROT *DISPLACE BEST GROWTH ON MOIST, INSECT:MODERATE;LEAF MINER,GYPSY MOTH RICH BOTTOMLAND LOAMS. *PICTURESQUE WHEN OLDER WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT KEY DISADVANTAGES ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES * DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT(TAPROOT) FOLIAGE: NARROWLY ELLIPTICAL - OVATE * INTOLERANT TO CONSTRUCTION * LACK OF OUTSTANDING ORNAMENTAL SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: YELLOW GREEN CHARACTERISTICS LIMITS POPULARITY FALL COLOR: BROWNISH YELLOW *SLOW GROWTH RATE FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT CATKIN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY TO JUNE CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: BROWNISH TAN ACORN MATURE HT X WT: 40-50’ x 40-60’ BARK/STEM: SCALY BROWN BARK Quercus muhlenbergi GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”-12”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIAN, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 200-300 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents OAK WATER

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE WATER OAK IS WELL QUALIFIED TREE FOR HABITAT: BOGGS, FOREST, VALLEYS, RIVERS AREAS WITH MODERATELY GOOD SOIL SOIL: SILTY LOAM, CLAY, ORGANIC AND PERIODICALLY CHANGING SOIL DRAINAGE CONDITIONS. A WIDE VARIETY DRAINAGE: EXTREMELY POOR TO WELL OF USES INCLUDE: FLOOD PLAIN PARKS, pH: 4.0-6.0 RIVER GREENWAYS, NEIGHBORHOOD EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN SUBDIVISIONS, NATURALIZING, GOLF MOISTURE: EXTREMELY MOIST TO AVERAGE COURSES,AND WETLAND RECLAMATION, RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL SITES, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE SPECIMEN (SOLITARY) & URBAN PLAZAS HARDINESS: ZONE 6-9 KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: RESISTANT *DARK GREEN FOLIAGE PERSISTS INSECT: RESISTANT UNTIL MID DECEMBER OR LATER WIND/ICE: MODERATE; MEDIUM STRENGTH *TOLERATES RANGE OF SOIL DRAINAGE CONDITIONS ESPECIALLY WET/SWAMPY DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE *EASY TO TRANSPLANT AND ESTABLISH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, GLOSSY, WEDGE SHAPED *WILL NOT TOLERATE HIGH PH SOILS SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *MAY BECOME WEEDY IN WET AREAS *MORE WEAK-WOODED THAN MOST OAKS FALL COLOR: DARK GREEN, PERSISTENT *LOW TO MOD. DROUGHT TOLERANCE FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN Quercus nigra DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE MAY CLASS: LARGE SEMI-EVERGREEN TREE FRUIT: SMALL TAN ACORN, NOT MESSY MATURE HT X WT: 60-80’ x 65-85’ BARK/STEM: SMOOTH, DARK GRAY/BLACK GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 16”-28”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY:100-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, IN MOIST SOILS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents OAK WILLOW

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE WILLOW OAK IS A BEAUTIFUL, UNDER- HABITAT: BOGGS, FOREST, VALLEYS, RIVERS UTILIZED TREE WITH PLENTY OF MERIT IN SOIL: SILTY LOAM, SAND, CLAY, ORGANIC THE LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY HAVING HIGH VALUE FOR AREAS WITH MODER- DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL ATELY GOOD SOIL AND PERIODICALLY pH: 4.0-6.0 CHANGING SOIL DRAINAGE CONDITIONS. EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN A WIDE VARIETY OF USES INCLUDE: MOISTURE: MOIST TO AVERAGE FLOOD PLAIN PARKS, GREENWAYS, NAT- URALIZING, GOLF COURSES, SPECIMEN ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE (SOLITARY) RESIDENTIAL AND COMMER- HARDINESS: ZONE 6b-9 CIAL SITES, AND URBAN PLAZAS KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: RESISTANT INSECT: RESISTANT *ONE OF THE BEST OAKS FOR OVERALL WIND/ICE: MODERATE; MEDIUM STRENGTH TEXTURE AND FORM- MAJESTIC *EASY TO TRANSPLANT AND ESTABLISH DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE *TOLERATES RANGE OF SOIL DRAINAGE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES CONDITIONS ESPECIALLY WET/SWAMPY KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, LANCE-SHAPED, SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *WILL NOT TOLERATE HIGH PH SOILS *MORE WEAK-WOODED THAN MOST OAKS FALL COLOR: YELLOW, BRONZE *LOW TO MOD. DROUGHT TOLERANCE FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE MAY Quercus phellos CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: SMALL TAN ACORN, NOT MESSY MATURE HT X WT: 40-60’ x 30-40’ BARK/STEM: FURROWED, DARK GRAY/BLACK GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY:100-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, IN MOIST SOILS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents DWARF CHINQUAPIN OAK

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE DWARF CHINQUAPIN OAK FORMS AN HABITAT:FOREST EDGES, HILLS, GRASSLANDS BEAUTIFUL, HEDGE-LIKE THICKET THAT IS SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY SLOW GROWING AND NOT INVASIVE. DISPLAYS GREAT LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL ON DIFFICULT SITES IN ALL OKLAHOMA pH: 6.5–8.0 WHERE DRAINAGE IS GOOD. USEFUL EXPOSURE: FULL SUN FOR RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, HILL- MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO VERY DRY SIDES, NATURALISTIC PLANTINGS, HIGH- WAYS, & PARKS AND RECREATION SITES. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONE 4-9 *FORMS NON INVASIVE THICKET OF DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT EQUAL SIZED PLANTS- NO PRUNING INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE *GROWS WELL ON DRY ROCKY LIMES- DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT TONE OUTCROPPINGS WITH HIGH PH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *GOOD YELLOW/ORANGE FALL COLOR KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, GLOSSY, ELLIPTICAL SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *WILL LANGUISH IN WET OR CLAY SOILS. *RARE IN NURSERY TRADE FALL COLOR: RED/ORANGE ,YELLOW *DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY,YELLOW POLLEN UNDESIRABLE

CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: TAN ACORN, NOT MESSY Quercus prinoides MATURE HT X WT: 2-6’ x 4-8’ BARK/STEM: GREY, ROUGH, BLOCKY GROWTH RATE: VERY SLOW; 3”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 200-300 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents RED OAK NORTHERN

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE NORTHERN RED OAK IS ONE OF THE HABITAT: FORESTS, RIVERBANKS, PRAIRIE FEW OAKS THAT COMBINES THE ADVAN- SOIL: RICH, MEDIUM TO FINE SILT LOAMS TAGES OF BEING FAST GROWING WITH STRONG WOOD. A WIDE VARIETY OF DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL USES INCLUDE URBAN PLAZAS, PARKS, pH: 5.0-6.5 RIVER GREENWAYS, NEIGHBOR- HOOD EXPOSURE: MODERATE TO FULL SUN SUBDIVISIONS, NATURALIZING, GOLF MOISTURE: MOIST TO MODERATELY DRY COURSES, STREETSCAPES, COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL SITES. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONE 3b-7a *TOLERANT TO POLLUTION IN URBAN DISEASE: RESISTANT SITES WITH HEAVY TRAFFIC & SALT INSECT: RESISTANT *OUTSTANDING RED FALL COLOR WIND/ICE:VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *FAST GROWTH WITH STRONG WOOD DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, GLOSSY, 5-LOBED, ALT. *NOT SUITABLE FOR DROUGHTY SITES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *WILL NOT TOLERATE HIGH PH SOILS *SENSITIVE TO GRADE CHANGES FALL COLOR: RED, BRONZE *RETAINS DEAD LEAVES IN WINTER FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN Quercus rubra DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE MAY CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: TAN ACORN, NOT MESSY MATURE HT X WT: 75-100’ x 60-85’ BARK/STEM: FURROWED, DARK GRAY/BLACK GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 150-250 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents OAK SHUMARD

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE SHUMMARD OAK IS A BEAUTIFUL NATIVE HABITAT: FORESTS, RIVERBANKS, PRAIRIE TREE VERY SIMILAR IN APPEARANCE TO SOIL: RICH, CLAYS AND SILT LOAMS THE COMMON PIN OAK AND IS HIGHLY TOUTED FOR ITS ABILITY TO THRIVE IN DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL HIGH PH SOILS. A WIDE VARIETY OF USES pH: 5.0-8.0 INCLUDE PARKS, RIVER GREENWAYS, EXPOSURE: MODERATE TO FULL SUN NEIGHBORHOOD SUBDIVISIONS, NATUR- MOISTURE: MOIST TO AVERAGE ALIZING, GOLF COURSES, STREETSCAPES, COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL SITES. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONE 5-9a *EASY TO TRANSPLANT & PROPAGATE DISEASE: RESISTANT *TOLERANT TO URBAN CONDITIONS INSECT: RESISTANT *OUTSTANDING RED FALL COLOR WIND/ICE:VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *FAST GROWTH WITH STRONG WOOD DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *WILL TOLERATE HIGH PH SOILS TO 8.0 ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *FREE OF LETHAL DISEASES & INSECTS KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ELLIPTIC, 7 DEEP LOBES *SENSITIVE TO GRADE CHANGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *RETAINS DEAD LEAVES IN WINTER FALL COLOR: DEEP RED TO BRONZE *NO PROOF OF PERFORMANCE IN WEST FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT CATKIN 1/2 OF STATE; NEEDS IRRIGATION SEASON: MAY TO JUNE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FRUIT:MEDIUM, BROWNISH TAN ACORN Quercus shumardii CLASS: LARGE DECIDUOUS TREE BARK/STEM: SCALY BROWN BARK MATURE HT X WT: 75-100’ x 60-85’ GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 150-250 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents OAK POST

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE POST OAK IS AN GREAT NATIVE TREE FOR HABITAT: DRY UPLAND FOREST & HILLSIDES NATURALIZING. FOREST PRESER- SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY VATIONS, GOLF COURSES, SMALL TO LARGE RESIDENTIAL ESTATES AND DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL NEIGHBORHOOD SUBDIVISIONS. WHEN pH: 4.5-6.0 GROWN AS A SPECIMEN, THE TREE DE- EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN VELOPS A BROAD OVAL, CROWN, BUT MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO DRY IT’S USUALLY MORE EFFECTIVELY USED AS A MASS PLANTING. EFFORT SHOULD ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE BE TAKEN TO PRESERVE STANDS OF THIS HARDINESS: ZONE 6-9 TREE ALONG WITH BLACKJACK OAK DURING NEW CONSTRUCTION. DISEASE: MODERATE; OAK WILT, HEART ROT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: RESISTANT; OAK SKELETONIZER *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *VERY DURABLE, STRONG WOOD DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *TOLERATES DRY,SANDY,INFERTILE SOIL KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, GLOSSY, 3-LOBED, ALT. SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *MESSY; TWIG DROP, POLLEN, ACORNS *INTOLERANT TO CONSTRUCTION FALL COLOR: YELLOW, BROWN, PERSISTENT *RARE IN NURSERY TRADE FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CATKIN

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY,YELLOW POLLEN UNDESIRABLE Quercus stellata CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: TAN ACORN, NOT MESSY MATURE HT X WT:35-45’ X 35-45’ BARK/STEM: GREY TO BROWN, FURROWED GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 150-350 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents LIVE OAK QUARTZ MOUNTAIN

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE QUARTZ MOUNTAIN LIVE OAK IS A HABITAT: DRY ROCKY HILLS, SANDY VALLEYS NORTHERN DISJUNCT POPULATION OF SOIL: ROCKY TO SANDY LOAM THE COMMON SOUTHERN LIVE OAK. IT IS A DWARF FORM WITH SPECIAL DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL ADAPTATION TO THE COLDER, DRIER pH: 6.0-8.0 CLIMATE OF OKLAHOMA. GREAT LAND- EXPOSURE: FULL SUN SCAPE POTENTIAL IS EXHIBITED BY THIS MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO VERY DRY SOLITARY OR MULTI-TRUNK TREE IN

WESTERN OKLAHOMA. USEFUL FOR NAT- ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE fusiformis URALIZING, PARKS, RECREATION SITES, HARDINESS: ZONE 4-8 HIGHWAYS, RESIDENTIAL, WIND SCREENS, COMMERCIAL PLAZAS AND STREETSCAPES. DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: VERY RESISTANT var. *EXTREMELY STRONG DENSE WOOD WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *DENSE ATTRACTIVE GLOSSY FOLIAGE DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE; NATURALIZING ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *VERY TOLERANT OF CITY CONDITIONS KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, GLOSSY SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *UNCOMMON IN THE NURSERY TRADE *MAY FREEZE BACK IN NORTH OF NA- FALL COLOR: DARK GREEN TIVE RANGE DURING HARSH WINTERS FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT CATKIN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY TO JUNE CLASS: SMALL EVERGREEN TREE FRUIT: BROWNISH TAN ACORN MATURE HT X WT: 20-30’x 20-30’ BARK/STEM: DEEPLY FURROWED BROWN BARK GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 9-18” / YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 150-250 YEARS Quercus virginiana INVASIVENESS: YES POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents CAROLINA BUCKTHORN

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE DESPITE IT’S COMMON NAME, CAROLINA HABITAT: FORESTS, RIVERBANKS, PRAIRIE BUCKTHORN HAS NO THORNS. EXCEPT- SOIL: RICH, MEDIUM TO FINE SILT LOAMS IONAL ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES AND “TAME” GROWTH HABIT MAKE THIS NAT- DRAINAGE: MODERATELY POOR TO WELL IVE PLANT WORTHY OF MORE WIDE- pH: 5.5-7.0 SPREAD USE. BECAUSE IT’S ABLE TO EXPOSURE: FULL SHADE TO MODERATE SUN ADAPT TO MANY LANDSCAPE SITUAT- MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY IONS AND MAINTENANCE PRACTICES, IT IS WORTHY OF CONSIDERATION FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE FOLLOWING USES: URBAN PLAZAS, COM- HARDINESS: ZONE 5-9 MERCIAL SITES, RESIDENTIAL COURT- YARDS, WOODED AREAS, AND PARKS. DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES WIND/ICE: RESISTANT; MOD. STRONG WOOD *GREAT SPECIMEN/ACCENT PLANT DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *COMPACT, NEAT GROWTH HABIT. *GROWS IN FULL SHADE OR FULL SUN ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *NO PROBLEMS WITH INSECTS /DISEASE FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, GLOSSY KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: BRIGHT GREEN *INTOLERANT TO CONSTRUCTION FALL COLOR: DEEP YELLOW, LATE TO COLOR *NOT SUITABLE FOR DROUGHTY SITES FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT WHITE CLUSTERS *UNCOMMON IN THE NURSERY TRADE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY- JUNE FRUIT: 1/3” RED, FADING TO BLACK, BERRY CLASS: LARGE SEMI-EVERGREEN SHRUB

BARK/STEM: GREY, LIGHTLY FISSURED Rhamnus caroliniana MATURE HT X WT: 8-15’ X 10-15’ GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 100-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents GRO-LOW FRAGRANT SUMAC

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE GRO-LOW FRAGRANT SUMAC IS BECOM- HABITAT:DRY ROCKY UPLANDS, GRASSLANDS ING VERY POPULAR IN THE MIDWEST AS A SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY LOW GROWING SHRUB/ GROUND- COVER BUT OKLAHOMA HAS YET TO REALIZE DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL IT’S STELLAR LANDSCAPE QUAL-ITIES.USE pH: 6.0-8.5 CULTIVAR FOR SMALL TO LARGE EXPOSURE: FULL SUN RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, URBAN MOISTURE: MOIST TO VERY DRY AREAS, STREETSCAPES, EROSION CONTROL, HILLSIDES, HIGHWAYS. ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONE 4a-9 ‘Gro-low’ *VERY SHOWY REDDISH FRUITS-AUTUMN DISEASE: MOD; VERTICILLIUM WILTS, CANKER *TOLERATES DRY,SANDY,INFERTILE SOIL INSECT: RESISTANT, SOME CHEWING INSECTS *ATTRACTIVE FOLIAGE, FRUIT AND FORM *ONE OF THE BEST OF ALL NATIVE WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; LOW GROWTH SHRUBS FOR INTENSITY AND DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT CONSISTENCY OF FALL COLOR. *INVASIVE, BUT EASY TO ERADICATE. ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *TOLERATES WIDE RANGE OF SOIL pH FOLIAGE: TRI-FOLIATE, GLOSSY, ALTERNATE KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *VERY INTOLERANT OF SHADE FALL COLOR: BRILLIANT RED, LONG LASTING *CAN BE SHORT LIVED IF SOIL IS TOO FLOWER:YELLOW/GREEN PYRAMIDAL SPIKE RICH AND DRAINAGE ISN’T ADEQUATE. SEASON: EARLY TO MID JULY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FRUIT: DEEP WINE RED CLUSTER OF BERRIES CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS SHRUB BARK/STEM:BROWN, SMOOTH MATURE HT X WT: 1-3’ x 5-8’ GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/ YEAR Rhus aromatica TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 20-30 YRS, ROOTS LONGER INVASIVENESS: YES, ROOT SUCKERS POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents SUMAC FLAMELEAF

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE FLAME LEAF SUMAC IS ATTRACTIVE HABITAT:FOREST EDGES, HILLS, GRASSLANDS SMALL TREE USEFUL FOR EASTERN AREAS SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY IT IS MOST ATTRACTIVE AS A COLONY OF MANY PLANTS ARRANGED IN A NA- DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO EXCESSIVELY WELL TURALISTIC MANOR. NETWORK OF LONG pH: 6.0-7.0 LIVING ROOTS PERPETUATE COLONY EXPOSURE: FULL SUN WHEN TOP GROWTH DIES.USE FOR LARGE MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY RESIDENTIAL, EROSION CONTROL, HILL- SIDES, NATURALIZING, HIGHWAYS, PARKS ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE RECREATION SITES, & FOREST EDGES. HARDINESS: ZONE 5a-9 KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: MOD; VERTICILLIUM WILTS, CANKER *ONE OF THE BEST OF ALL AMERICAN INSECT: RESISTANT, SOME CHEWING INSECTS TREES/SHRUBS FOR INTENSITY AND WIND/ICE: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE; WEAK WOOD CONSISTENCY OF FALL COLOR. *VERY HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *TOLERATES DRY,SANDY,INFERTILE SOIL ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: PINNATELY COMPOUND, GLOSSY *SOFT, LIGHT WOOD SNAPS IN STORMS *VERY INTOLERANT OF SHADE SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *CAN BE SHORT LIVED IF SOIL IS TOO FALL COLOR: BRILLIANT RED, LONG LASTING RICH AND DRAINAGE ISN’T ADEQUATE. FLOWER:YELLOW/GREEN PYRAMIDAL SPIKE Rhus copallina DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MID TO LATE JULY CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: CRIMSON RED CLUSTER OF BERRIES MATURE HT X WT: 10-35’ X 8-25’ BARK/STEM: BROWN, SMOOTH GROWTH RATE:VERY FAST; 36”- 48“/YR. TEXTURE/FORM: COURSE, IRREGULAR LONGEVITY: 15-30 YRS, ROOTS LONGER INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS: NO, SOUR, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents SUMAC SMOOTH

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE SMOOTH SUMAC IS ATTRACTIVE LARGE HABITAT:FOREST EDGES, HILLS, GRASSLANDS SHRUB USEFUL FOR EASTERN AREAS. IT IS SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY MOST ATTRACTIVE AS A COLONY OF MANY PLANTS ARRANGED IN A NA- DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO EXCESSIVELY WELL TURALISTIC MANOR. NETWORK OF LONG pH: 6.0-7.0 LIVING ROOTS PERPETUATE COLONY EXPOSURE: FULL SUN WHEN TOP GROWTH DIES. USE FOR LARGE MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY RESIDENTIAL, EROSION CONTROL, HILL- SIDES, NATURALIZING, HIGHWAYS, PARKS, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE RECREATION SITES, & GOLF COURSES. HARDINESS: ZONE 2-9 KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: MOD; VERTICILLIUM WILTS, CANKER *ONE OF THE BEST OF ALL AMERICAN INSECT: RESISTANT, SOME CHEWING INSECTS TREES/SHRUBS FOR INTENSITY AND WIND/ICE: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE; WEAK WOOD CONSISTENCY OF FALL COLOR. *VERY SHOWY REDDISH FRUITS-AUTUMN DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *TOLERATES DRY,SANDY,INFERTILE SOIL ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: PINNATELY COMPOUND, GLOSSY *SOFT, LIGHT WOOD SNAPS IN STORMS *VERY INTOLERANT OF SHADE SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *CAN BE SHORT LIVED IF SOIL IS TOO FALL COLOR: BRILLIANT RED, LONG LASTING Rhus glabra RICH AND DRAINAGE ISN’T ADEQUATE. FLOWER:YELLOW/GREEN PYRAMIDAL SPIKE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: EARLY TO MID JULY CLASS: VERY LARGE DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: CRIMSON RED CLUSTER OF BERRIES MATURE HT X WT: 6-20’ x 6-12’ BARK/STEM:BROWN, SMOOTH GROWTH RATE: FAST; 24”-36”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: COURSE, IRREGULAR LONGEVITY: 15-30 YRS, ROOTS LONGER INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS: NO, SOUR, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents PURPLE ROBE BLACK LOCUST

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE BLACK LOCUST IS KNOWN FOR ITS HABITAT: DISTURBED AREAS, HILLSIDES ABILITY TO THRIVE IN ANY SOIL SOIL: ALL; STERILE SANDS TO HEAVY CLAYS CONDITIONS EXCEPT THOSE WHICH ARE PERMANENTLY WET DUE TO ITS ABILITY DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL TO FIX NITROGEN IN THE SOIL. DESPITE pH: 5.0-8.0 ITS DISADVANTAGES, THIS TREE EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN DEFINITELY HAS MERITS IN DIFFICULT MOISTURE: MOIST TO VERY DRY PLACES SUCH AS STRIP MINE AREAS, HIGHWAY CUTS AND FILLS, HILLSIDES, ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE REFORESTATION PLOTS, SHELTER BELT HARDINESS: ZONE 3-9

PLANTINGS, AND EROSION CONTROL. ‘Purple Robe’ KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE, CANKER, ECT. INSECT: VERY SUSCEPTIBLE, LOCUST BORER *VERY ATTRACTIVE ROSE PINK FLOWERS WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT, STRONG WOOD *FAST GROWTH WITH STRONG WOOD *ESTABLISHES ITSELF QUICKLY DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *EASY TO PROPAGATE & TRANSPLANT ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE:ALTERNATE,PINNATELY COMPOUND *SHORT LIFE EXPECTANCY SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DULL BLUE -GREEN *SUSCEPTIBLE TO INSECTS & DISEASES *THORNY BRANCHES ARE UNDESIRABLE FALL COLOR: YELLOW *MAY BECOME WEEDY IN SOME AREAS FLOWER: 1” DARK ROSE-PINK, LEGUME DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY TO EARLY JUNE CLASS: MEDIAN DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: BLACK POD, SOMEWHAT MESSY MATURE HT X WT: 30’-50’ x 20’-30’ BARK/STEM:REDDISH-BROWN, THORNS GROWTH RATE:VERY FAST; 24”- 48“/YR. TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, IRREGULAR LONGEVITY: 50-75 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, IN MOIST SOILS Robinia pseudoacacia POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents ROSE PRAIRIE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE PRAIRIE ROSE DISPLAYS GREAT LANDS- HABITAT:GRASSLANDS, SANDY RIVER BANKS CAPE POTENTIAL ON UPLAND DIFFICULT SOIL: SANDY OR LOAMY SITES AS WELL AS MOIST SOIL AREAS IN MOST OF OKLAHOMA, BUT SHOULD NOT DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL BE USED IN SMALL AREAS WITH RICH SOIL pH: 6.0-8.5 IN THESE SITUATIONS IT QUICKLY OUT- EXPOSURE: FULL SUN GROWS THE SITE. USEFUL FOR EROSION MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO VERY DRY CONTROL, LARGE RESIDENTIAL,HILLSIDES, NATURALIZING, BACKGROUND PLANT- ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE INGS, HIGHWAYS, OPEN AREAS & PARKS. HARDINESS: ZONE 6-9 KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: MOD; LEAF SPOT, P. MILDEW *EXTREMELY FAST GROWTH POTENTIAL; INSECT: MODERATE, NUMEROUS GOOD FOR IMMEDIATE BUT TEMPORARY WIND/ICE: RESISTANT; MOD. STRONG WOOD RESULTS-TOLERANT OF HEAVY PRUNING *ATTRACTIVE PINK FLOWERS DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *INTERESTING ZIG-ZAG TWIG GROWTH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES HABIT AND THORNLESS BRANCHES *EASY TO TRANSPLANT AND PROPAGATE FOLIAGE:ALTERNATE,PINNATELY COMPOUND KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MED/DARK GREEN *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION. FALL COLOR: MULTI-COLORED

*UNCOMMON IN THE NURSERY TRADE FLOWER: 1” DARK TO LIGHT PINK, CLUSTERS Rosa setigera DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY TO EARLY JUNE CLASS:VERY LARGE DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: 3/8” ELLIPTIC RED/ORANGE BERRY MATURE HT X WT: 6-15’ x 10-30’ BARK/STEM:REDDISH-BROWN, THORNLESS GROWTH RATE: VERY FAST; 4’-15’/ YR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, IRREGULAR LONGEVITY: 10-20 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS:NO

Return to Table of Contents WESTERN SOAPBERRY

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE IT IS UNFORTUNATE THAT WESTERN HABITAT: DRY UPLAND HILLSIDES, PRAIRIE SOAPBERRY IS UNDER-USED CONSIDERING SOIL: ANY; CLAY, SAND, SILT, LOAM THAT IS I ONE OF OUR MOST HIGHLY RATED NATIVE TREES. IT FORMS A SIM- DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL ILAR BROAD OVAL APPEARANCE TO THE pH: 5.0–8.0 POPULAR GOLDENRAIN TREE AND LANDS- EXPOSURE: MODERATE SUN TO FULL SUN CAPE USE SHOULD BE COMPARABLE; RES- MOISTURE: AVERAGE TO EXTREMELY DRY IDENTIAL SITES PARKS, URBAN PLAZAS, STREETSCAPES, COMMERCIAL, & MORE ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONES 5b-10 *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT *EXTREME ENVIRONMENTAL TOUGHNESS INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *VERY STRONG DENSE WOOD WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING *TOLERATES DRY,SANDY,INFERTILE SOIL DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *ATTRACTIVE YELLOW FRUITS PERSIST ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES THROUGHOUT WINTER ADDING COLOR *NO PROBLEMS WITH INSECTS /DISEASE FOLIAGE: PINNATELY COMPOUND, ALT. KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *FRUITS CAN BE MESSY TO CLEAN UP FALL COLOR: DEEP GOLDEN/YELLOW *SOMEWHAT RARE IN NURSERY TRADE FLOWER: WHITISH YELLOW PYRAMIDAL SPIKE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY-JUNE CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: NO FRUIT ON CULTIVAR MATURE HT X WT: 25-40’ x 30-45’ BARK/STEM:GREY/ORANGE-BEIGE, FURROWED Sapindus drummondii GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/YEAR. TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 100-250 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO, BUT SEEDS READILY POISONOUS:YES,FRUITS MILDLY TOXIC

Return to Table of Contents TREE SASSAFRAS

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE BECAUSE IT IS A FIRST SUCCESSION HABITAT: FORESTS, DISTURBED AREAS TREE IN THE ECOLOGY, IT MAKES A SOIL: SANDY LOAMS TO HEAVY CLAYS GREAT TREE FOR DISTURBED AREAS SUCH AS REFORESTATION PLOTS, STRIP DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL MINE AREAS, HIGHWAY CUTS AND FILLS, pH: 5.5-6.5 HILLSIDES, REFORESTATION PLOTS, EXPOSURE: AVERAGE TO FULL SUN SHELTER BELT PLANTINGS, WIND MOISTURE: MOIST TO MODERATELY DRY BREAKS, AND EROSION CONTROL. SASSAFRAS SHOULD BE USED MORE IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE THE EASTERN HALF OF THE STATE WITH HARDINESS: ZONE 4-9 LOW PH SOILS WHERE ITS TENDENCY TO SPREAD FROM ROOT SUCKERS AND DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT FORM INSECT: VERY RESISTANT COLONIES WOULD NOT BE A PROBLEM. KEY ADVANTAGES WIND/ICE: SUSCEPTIBLE, WEAK WOOD DROUGHT/HEAT: MODERATE *UNRIVALED RED-ORANGE FALL COLOR *INTERESTING LEAVES, FRUIT, & FLOWER ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *DEVELOPS INTO A NICE SHADE TREE FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, 3 DISTINCT LOBES KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: YELLOWISH GREEN *WEAK WOODED; TENDENCY TO BREAK FALL COLOR: RED,ORANGE,YELLOW, PURPLE. *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION *WILL SUFFER FROM IRON CHLOROSIS FLOWER: 1-2”, ATTRACTIVE, YELLOW DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE MARCH- EARLY APRIL

FRUIT: ½” BLUE BERRY, RED STEM Sassafras albidum CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE BARK/STEM:DARK RED/BROWN, FURROWED MATURE HT X WT: 35-50’ x 20-30’ GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 12”-24”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, IRREGULAR LONGEVITY: 50-75 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FRUITS

Return to Table of Contents BRIAR GREEN

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE GREEN BRIAR DISPLAYS GREAT LANDS- HABITAT: FOREST UNDERSTORY, VALLEYS CAPE POTENTIAL FOR MOIST OR DRY SOIL: COARSE TO MOD. FINE LOAMS SOILS IN MOST OF OKLAHOMA, BUT SHOULDN’T BE USED IN SMALL OR MOIST DRAINAGE: POOR TO WELL AREAS BECAUSE ITS TUBEROUS ROOT pH: 5.0-8.5 SYSTEM WILL SEND UP SHOOTS A GREAT EXPOSURE: FULL SHADE TO MODERATE SUN DISTANCE AWAY FROM THE PARENT MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY PLANT. THIS VINE CAN BE GROWN IN A VARIETY OF FORMS; MEDIUM CLIMBING ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE VINE, SPRAWLING SHRUB-LIKE THICKETS, HARDINESS: 5-9 OR TALL GROUND COVER (IF BRUSH- HOGGED YEARLY). USE FOR: IMPASSABLE DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT; SOME LEAF SPOT LIVING BARRIERS, LONG FENCES,EROSION INSECT: VERY RESISTANT CONTROL, & SCREENING JUNK PILES WIND/ICE:VERY RESISTANT KEY ADVANTAGES DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *VERY ATTRACTIVE DARK GREEN HEART- SHAPED LEAVES WITH LIGHT GREEN ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES VARIEGATED PATCHES; EVERGREEN FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, CORDATE, GLOSSY KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR:DARK GREEN *LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION. FALL COLOR: GREENISH PURPLE *UNDESIRABLE THORNS FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT GREENISH YELLOW DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON:EARLY MAY -JUNE CLASS: MEDIUM EVERGREEN VINE FRUIT: ¼” BLUISH BLACK BERRIES, CLUSTERS Smilax rotundifolia MATURE HT X WT: 5-25’ x 10-20’ BARK/STEM:GREEN,THORNY,TERMINAL GIRTH GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 1’-4’/ YR. TEXTURE/FORM: COARSE , VARIABLE LONGEVITY: 15-30 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, SPREADING ROOTS POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE SHOOTS

Return to Table of Contents CORAL BERRY INDIAN CURRANT,

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE INDIAN CURRANT FORMS A CONSISTENT HABITAT:FORESTS, GRASSLANDS & HILLSIDES 2-3’ HIGH GROUNDCOVER/SHRUB THAT SOIL: SANDY, CLAY, OR LOAMY IS MOST ATTRACTIVE WHEN TOP GROWTH IS CUT TO THE GROUND EVERY DRAINAGE: MOD.POOR TO EXCESSIVELY WELL OTHER YEAR FOR REJUVENATION. IT pH: 5.5-8.5 FORMS A NETWORK OF SHALLOW, LONG EXPOSURE: FULL SHADE TO FULL SUN LIVING ROOTS THAT PERPETUATE COL- MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY ONY WHEN TOP GROWTH DIES. USEFUL FOR RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, HILL- ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE SIDES, MASS PLANTINGS, HIGHWAYS, HARDINESS: ZONE 2b-8 NATURALIZING AND WOODED AREAS. KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: MODERATE; POWDERY MILDEW INSECT: RESISTANT, SOME APHIDS, WHITEFLY *VALUABLE GROUNDCOVER FOR DRY, WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; LOW GROWTH SHADED, SLOPING AREAS WHERE FEW OTHER SUITABLE PLANTS WILL GROW. DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *MAGENTA, PERSISTENT FRUIT IN WINTER ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *HIGH WILDLIFE VALUE; NATURALIZING *INVASIVE, BUT EASY TO ERADICATE. FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, ELLIPTIC, OPPOSITE, DULL KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR:LIGHT BLUISH-GREEN *LACK OF OUTSTANDING FEATURES. FALL COLOR: YELLOW, NOT PERSISTENT *DIFFICULT TO TRANSPLANT FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, GREEN CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: LATE JUNE- LATE JULY CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS SHRUB FRUIT: 1/8” MAGENTA BERRY- CLUSTERS MATURE HT X WT: 2-5’ x 4-8’ BARK/STEM: EXFOLIATING, SMOOTH, BROWN GROWTH RATE: MEDIUM; 14-28”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: FINE, SPREADING

LONGEVITY: 5-10 YRS, ROOTS LONGER Symphoricarpos orbiculatus INVASIVENESS: YES, RANGE LANDS POISONOUS: NO, EDIBLE FLOWERS

Return to Table of Contents ELM CEDAR

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE CEDAR ELM IS AN INTERESTING HABITAT: ALLUVIAL PLAINS, FORESTS LANDSCAPE TREE USED FREQUENTLY IN SOIL: CLAY, SAND, SILT, LOAM TEXAS AS A STREET TREE. IT SHOULD BE USED MORE OFTEN IN THE SOUTH HALF DRAINAGE: AVERAGE TO WELL OF OKLAHOMA WHERE IT IS VERY WELL pH: 4.5–8.0 ADAPTED TO DROUGHT AND HEAVY EXPOSURE: MODERATE SHADE TO FULL SUN SOILS. USEFUL FOR STREETSCAPES, MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY RESIDENTIAL SITES, PARKS, GOLF COURSES, NATURALIZING, AND URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE KEY ADVANTAGES HARDINESS: ZONE 7-9 *VERY TOLERANT OF CITY CONDITIONS DISEASE: MODERATE; DUTCH ELM DISEASE *DEVELOPS NICE PICTURESQUE SHAPE INSECT: MODERATE; ELM LEAF BEETLE SIMILAR TO AMERICAN ELM WITH AGE WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *DROUGHT/HEAT TOLERANT *WITHSTANDS HEAVY CLAYS DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *ATTRACTIVE WINGS ON YOUNG TWIGS ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE:SIMPLE, ELLIPTIC,THICK,ALTERNATE *SUSCEPTIBLE TO DUTCH ELM DISEASE SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *SUSCEPTIBLE TO ELM LEAF BEETLE *MAY FREEZE BACK IN NORTH OF NA- FALL COLOR: YELLOW TIVE RANGE DURING HARSH WINTERS FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT, CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: SEPTEMBER- OCTOBER Ulmus crassifolia CLASS: MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT: INSIGNIFICANT, SAMARAS MATURE HT X WT: 40-60’ x 40-60’ BARK/STEM:BROWN CORKY RIDGES GROWTH RATE: FAST; 24”-36”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 75-150 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents VIBURNUM RUSTY BLACKHAW

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE EXCEPTIONAL ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES HABITAT: UPLAND FOREST & VALLEY, PLAINS AND “TAME” GROWTH HABIT MAKE THIS SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY NATIVE PLANT WORTHY OF MORE WIDE- SPREAD USE. BECAUSE IT’S ABLE TO DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL ADAPT TO MANY LANDSCAPE SITUAT- PH: 4.5-6.0 IONS AND MAINTENANCE PRACTICES, IT EXPOSURE: MODERATE SHADE TO FULL SUN IS WORTHY OF CONSIDERATION FOR THE MOISTURE: MOIST TO DRY FOLLOWING USES: URBAN PLAZAS, COM- MERCIAL SITES, RESIDENTIAL COURT- ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE YARDS, OPEN AREAS, WOODED AREAS, HARDINESS: ZONE 5-9 AND PARKS. KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT INSECT: VERY RESISTANT *HIGH ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES; FRUIT, FLOWER, & SUMMER AND FALL COLOR WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT; STRONG WOOD *GREAT SPECIMEN/ACCENT PLANT DROUGHT/HEAT: VERY RESISTANT *COMPACT, NEAT GROWTH HABIT. *GROWS IN FULL SHADE OR FULL SUN ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *NO PROBLEMS WITH INSECTS /DISEASE FOLIAGE: SIMPLE, GLOSSY, 7-11-LOBED, ALT. KEY DISADVANTAGES SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: DARK GREEN *EXPENSIVE IN THE NURSERY TRADE FALL COLOR: RED/ORANGE ,YELLOW *NOT SUITABLE FOR DROUGHTY SITES FLOWER: WHITE, FLATTENED CLUSTERS *UNCOMMON IN THE NURSERY TRADE SEASON: MARCH- APRIL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FRUIT: 1/2” BLUISH PURPLE DRUPES CLASS: SMALL DECIDUOUS TREE BARK/STEM: GREY, ROUGH, FURROWED Viburnum rufidulum MATURE HT X WT: 15-30’ X 15-25’ GROWTH RATE: SLOW; 6”/YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, OBOVOID LONGEVITY: 100-175 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS:NO,SWEET EDIBLE FRUIT

Return to Table of Contents GRAPE RIVERBANK

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE RIVER BANK GRAPE FORMS AN ATTRAC- HABITAT: FORESTS, RIVERBANKS, PRAIRIE TIVE TALL GROWING VINE WITH LIMITED SOIL: SILT LOAMS, CLAYS, SANDS, ROCKY LANDSCAPE USE IN OKLAHOMA. THE SIGHT OF A THICK VINE SEEMINGLY DRAINAGE:VERY POOR TO EXCESSIVELY WELL FLOATING IN THE AIR ALL THE WAY UP pH: 6.1-7.5 TO THE TOP OF A LARGE TREE IS TRULY EXPOSURE: MOD. SHADE TO FULL SUN MAGNIFICENT. BUT SHOULD NOT BE USED MOISTURE: VERY MOIST TO MOD. DRY IN SMALL AREAS BECAUSE IT QUICKLY OUTGROWS THE SITE. USE FOR: LONG ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE FENCES, NATURALIZING, WOODED HARDINESS: ZONE 2-7 AREAS, AND LARGE SCALE RESIDENTIAL. KEY ADVANTAGES DISEASE: VERY RESISTANT INSECT: RESISTANT; SOME CHEWING INSECTS *EXTREMELY FAST GROWTH POTENTIAL WIND/ICE: VERY RESISTANT, STRONG WOOD *EXFOLIATING NARROW STRIPS OF BARK ARE VERY ATTRACTIVE ON OLDER VINES DROUGHT/HEAT: RESISTANT *LONG LIVED, NO MAJOR PROBLEMS ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES *SHOWY, EDIBLE, PURPLE GRAPES IN FALL KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: LARGE, SIMPLE, CORDATE, ALT. SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: BRIGHT GREEN *VERY LIMITED LANDSCAPE UTILIZATION. FALL COLOR: YELLOW

*IF GROWN ON A FENCE, REQUIRES Vitis riparia MONTHLY PRUNING AND TRAINING FLOWER: INSIGNIFICANT YELLOW CLUSTERS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: MAY- JUNE CLASS:VERY LARGE DECIDUOUS VINE FRUIT: 1/3” DARK PURPLE BERRY MATURE HT X WT: 20-55’ x 30-70’ BARK/STEM: DARK BROWN, EXFOLIATING GROWTH RATE: VERY FAST; 15’-30’/ YR TEXTURE/FORM: MEDIUM, VARIABLE LONGEVITY: 100-200 YEARS INVASIVENESS: YES, SEEDLINGS POISONOUS:NO, EDIBLE GRAPES

Return to Table of Contents YUCCA SOAP TREE

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE SOAP TREE YUCCA FORMS AN ATTRAC- HABITAT: DRY UPLAND HILLSIDES, PLAINS TIVE MULTI-BRANCHING SMALL TREE SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY WITH GREAT LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL ON DIFFICULT SITES IN WESTERN TO CEN- DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL TRAL OKLAHOMA.SHARP LEAVES ARE pH: 5.0–8.5 VERY HAZARDOUS; SHOULD NOT BE EXPOSURE: FULL SUN USED NEAR CHILDREN. IT TOLERATES MOISTURE: DRY TO EXTREMELY DRY HIGHER RAIN FALL IF IN WELL DRAINED SITE. USEFUL FOR SMALL TO LARGE RES- ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE IDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, URBAN AREAS, HARDINESS: ZONE 5-9 STREETSCAPES, HIGHWAYS, OPEN AREAS, HILLSIDES, DESERT GARDENS DISEASE: EXTREMELY RESISTANT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: RESISTANT , NONE SERIOUS *ATTRACTIVE, FLOWERS AND FRUIT WIND/ICE: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *THRIVES IN DRY,ROCKY,INFERTILE SOIL DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: 12” SHARP NARROW STIFF LEAVES *WILL LANGUISH IN WET SOILS. SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *MAY CONTRACT DISEASES IN THE EAST

*RARE IN NURSERY TRADE FALL COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN Yucca elata *SHARP LEAVES, CAN POKE EYES OUT FLOWER:2’-3’ TALL WHITE SPIKE,VERY SHOWY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: JUNE CLASS: SMALL EVERGREEN TREE FRUIT: DRY CAPSULE ON SPIKE, PERSISTENT MATURE HT X WT: 7-15’ X 2-6’ BARK/STEM: GREY, SPINY, DEAD LEAVES GROWTH RATE: VERY SLOW; 4”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: COURSE, NARROW LONGEVITY: 100-300 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

Return to Table of Contents YUCCA SOAPWEED

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION HABITAT & CULTURE SOAP TREE YUCCA FORMS AN ATTRAC- HABITAT: DRY UPLAND HILLSIDES, PLAINS TIVE MULTI-BRANCHING SMALL SHRUB SOIL: SANDY, ROCKY, OR LOAMY WITH GREAT LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL ON DIFFICULT SITES IN WESTERN TO CEN- DRAINAGE: WELL TO EXCESSIVELY WELL TRAL OKLAHOMA.SHARP LEAVES ARE pH: 5.0–8.5 VERY HAZARDOUS; SHOULD NOT BE EXPOSURE: FULL SUN USED NEAR CHILDREN. IT TOLERATES MOISTURE: DRY TO EXTREMELY DRY HIGHER RAIN FALL IF IN WELL DRAINED SITE. USEFUL FOR SMALL TO LARGE RES- ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCE IDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, URBAN AREAS, HARDINESS: ZONE 5-9 STREETSCAPES, HIGHWAYS, OPEN AREAS, HILLSIDES, DESERT GARDENS DISEASE: EXTREMELY RESISTANT KEY ADVANTAGES INSECT: RESISTANT , NONE SERIOUS *ATTRACTIVE, FLOWERS AND FRUIT WIND/ICE: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *THRIVES IN DRY,ROCKY,INFERTILE SOIL DROUGHT/HEAT: EXTREMELY RESISTANT *VERSATILE; SPECIMEN OR GROUPING ORNAMENTAL QUALITIES KEY DISADVANTAGES FOLIAGE: 8” SHARP NARROW STIFF LEAVES *WILL LANGUISH IN WET SOILS. SPRING/SUMMER COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *MAY CONTRACT DISEASES IN THE EAST *RARE IN NURSERY TRADE FALL COLOR: MEDIUM GREEN *SHARP LEAVES, CAN POKE EYES OUT FLOWER:1’-2’ TALL WHITE SPIKE,VERY SHOWY Yucca glauca DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SEASON: JUNE CLASS: SMALL EVERGREEN TREE FRUIT: DRY CAPSULE ON SPIKE, PERSISTENT MATURE HT X WT: 2-3’ X 2-3’ BARK/STEM: GREY, SPINY, DEAD LEAVES GROWTH RATE: VERY SLOW; 4”/ YEAR TEXTURE/FORM: COURSE, GLOBULAR LONGEVITY: 100-300 YEARS INVASIVENESS: NO POISONOUS: NO

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