DOCSLIB.ORG

UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Responsibility, Freedom, and the State: Toward an Aesthetics and Politics of Guilt in American Literature, 1929-1960 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4th3t7w1 Author Haehn, Timothy Jeffrey Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Responsibility, Freedom, and the State: Toward an Aesthetics and Politics of Guilt in American Literature, 1929-1960 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature by Timothy Jeffrey Haehn 2014 © Copyright by Timothy Jeffrey Haehn 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Responsibility, Freedom, and the State: Toward an Aesthetics and Politics of Guilt in American Literature, 1929-1960 By Timothy Jeffrey Haehn Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Eleanor K. Kaufman, Chair This dissertation proposes a fundamental reassessment of guilt in twentieth-century American literature. I claim that guilt ought to be understood not so much in relation to the Holocaust or the history of U.S. race relations as in relation to the state. In readings of Mary McCarthy, Richard Wright, J. D. Salinger, Arthur Miller, and Saul Bellow, as well as the early Superman comics and fiction and criticism that invoke Fyoder Dostoevsky’s work, this project demonstrates how authors of fiction and popular culture mobilize feelings of responsibility and guilt to symbolize anxieties over the diminished role of the state as a vehicle for public relief. As the federal government jettisoned burdens that it had borne since the Depression, the writers in question depict various mechanisms employed by individuals to absorb state burdens and to compensate for the reduced availability of state-backed relief. With renewed emphasis on existential categories such as guilt, freedom, and anxiety, I trace tensions at the core of mid- twentieth-century narratives that situate them squarely within the problematics of antistatism. ii The figure of the statesman emerges in the late thirties and early forties as the main inheritor of state burdens. Mary McCarthy’s The Company She Keeps (1943), Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster’s early Superman comics (1938-1942), and Richard Wright’s “The Man Who Lived Underground” (1942) can be read, I suggest in Chapters One and Two, as extended ruminations on how statesmen conceive their function of rendering aid to others as increasingly oppressive in direct correlation with the curtailment of federal relief initiatives. Chapter Three pauses to consider a strain of writing that celebrated antistatist sentiments by invoking (and thereby misreading) Fyodor Dostoevsky as a proponent of the guilty conscience. The first attempt of its kind to chronicle Dostoevsky’s influence on an array of prominent American intellectuals, this chapter utilizes my knowledge of Russian to expose a dimension of Dostoevsky’s work that is far less antistatist than his readers have presumed. Chapters Four and Five look at Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman and Saul Bellow’s Seize the Day and conclude that the celebration of antistatism found in the previous chapter did not last for long. In excavating latent discontents from Miller’s and Bellow’s work, I reveal a critique of antistatism implicit in guilty musings from the fifties that has gone unnoticed due to abiding Cold War biases. iii The dissertation of Timothy Jeffrey Haehn is approved. Kathleen Komar Richard Yarborough Eleanor K. Kaufman, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2014 iv to my parents… v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION………………………………………………………....ii CHAPTER ONE: The Idea of the State(sman) and the Example of Mary McCarthy’s The Company She Keeps………………..……...…………………………...1 CHAPTER TWO: The New Statesmen: Early Superman Comics and Richard Wright’s “The Man Who Lived Underground”………………...…………….……37 CHAPTER THREE: Underground Poetics: Ex-Communists, the Legacy of the Underground Man, and the Guilty Conscience in American Fiction…………………………………………...……………………………………70 CHAPTER FOUR: “Calling into the void for help that will never come”: Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman and Dispersal of Responsibility……………………………………………………………………………..…117 CHAPTER FIVE: Not Free but Responsible: Guilt, White-Collar Ontology, and Sympathy in Saul Bellow’s Seize the Day………………………………...……144 CONCLUSION..………………………………………...………………………………...……168 WORKS CITED…………………………………………………………………………..……172 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to begin by thanking the members of my committee, Professors Eleanor Kaufman, Richard Yarborough, and Kathleen Komar, for their resourcefulness, integrity, and dedication. Since my first course as a graduate student at UCLA, Eleanor Kaufman has been an unwavering source of support. Her example of intellectual rigor and vitality has equipped me with an endless supply of curiosity for which I am eternally grateful. Richard Yarborough has always been generous with his time, advice, and encouraging words. His incisive comments on this manuscript and others have made my writing stronger. Kathleen Komar has given important guidance at key moments and introduced me to teaching literature. Many talented and conscientious teachers have inspired me along the way. Professor Joseph Peschio taught me to read. Professor David Todd Lawrence prepared me for the Ph.D. program and helped me live through it. Professor John McCumber’s lectures and discussions on philosophy have influenced my thinking in more ways than I can list. Professor Eric Sundquist’s early guidance was vital and his continued support has been greatly appreciated. Professor Michael Szalay has given helpful counsel. Professor Aamir Mufti has been an important interlocutor on a number of issues in recent years. The late Michael Henry Heim shared much of his infinite wisdom and, most especially, provided a model of the teacher and intellectual I aspire to be. The Department of Comparative Literature at UCLA has been an ideal setting to teach and to learn. Ali Behdad and Efrain Kristal, each of whom served as chair during my time in the Department, have been exemplary models of leadership. Both the Department and the Graduate Division at UCLA have provided generous financial support. I thank friends and colleagues vii from graduate school whose wisdom and friendship have made the process all the more edifying and pleasant: Marietta Agakhanyan, Nasia Anam, Michelle Anderson, Naomi Caffee, Malik Chaudhary, Thomas Chen, Simchi Cohen, Zen Dochterman, Myrna Douzjian, Boris Dralyuk, Yuting Huang, Spencer Jackson, Michelle Lee, Justin Lim, Simona Livescu, Catherine Nguyen, Alexei Nowak, Sina Rahmani, Sasha Razor, Kirk Sides, Jordan Smith, Chien-heng Wu, Duncan Yoon, et al. Lastly, I thank family and friends whose love and support have sustained me over these years. I thank my brother and sister, who have grown into people any older sibling would be proud of. I thank a dear friend, Dennis Erickson, who has nourished my dreams since I was a child. I thank my wife for her patience, sacrifice, and love. I thank my in-laws for many home- cooked meals. I thank my daughter for being the light at the end of this tunnel. And I thank my parents, without whom none of this would have been possible, for everything. I dedicate this to them. viii CURRICULUM VITAE Timothy Jeffrey Haehn Education: Ph.D. in Comparative Literature, University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 (expected) M.A. in English, University of St. Thomas, 2007 B.A. in Russian and Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 2003 Selected Academic Employment: Teaching Fellow, Department of Comparative Literature, UCLA. Courses Autonomously Taught: “The Guilty Conscience in Modern Literature” (Spring 2013) “Cold War Literature and Film” (Winter 2013) “Underground Poetics from Rousseau to Ellison” (Fall 2012) “Leadership and Power in Antiquity” (Fall 2011, Winter 2012, Spring 2012) “Confessional Literature” (Spring 2011) Selected Honors and Awards: Dissertation Year Fellowship, UCLA, 2013-2014 Graduate Summer Research Mentorship, Summer 2010, Eleanor K. Kaufman Chancellor’s Prize, UCLA, 2007-2008 ix Chapter 1 The Idea of the State(sman) and the Example of Mary McCarthy’s The Company She Keeps I. There is a peculiar vignette in Mary McCarthy’s The Company She Keeps (1942) entitled “The Genial Host,” in which McCarthy tells the story of a social gathering at the residence of one Pflaumen. At least two things make this something other than your run-of-the-mill social gathering. First, you have the guest-list, which constitutes a who’s who of midcentury intellectual circles. As McCarthy explains, “every dinner was presented as a morality play in which art and science, wealth and poverty, business and literature, sex and scholarship, vice and virtue, Judaism and Christianity, Stalinism and Trotskyism, all the antipodes of life, were personified and abstract” (151). Second, you have the host himself, a “deferential, ingratiating” man who was ever “concerned for your pleasure, like a waiter with a tray of French pastry in his hand” (137). Pflaumen is odd not just because he goes to extreme lengths to gratify his guests but because he continues to do so despite his guests’ visible aversion to his presence and despite the fact that he receives next to nothing—except perhaps a brief respite from loneliness—in the form of recompense for hosting
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vita for Alan M. Wald
    1 July 2016 VITA FOR ALAN M. WALD Emeritus Faculty as of June 2014 FORMERLY H. CHANDLER DAVIS COLLEGIATE PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AND AMERICAN CULTURE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR Address Office: Prof. Alan Wald, English Department, University of Michigan, 3187 Angell Hall, Ann Arbor, Mi. 48109-1003. Home: 3633 Bradford Square Drive, Ann Arbor, Mi. 48103 Faxes can be received at 734-763-3128. E-mail: [email protected] Education B.A. Antioch College, 1969 (Literature) M.A. University of California at Berkeley, 1971 (English) Ph. D. University of California at Berkeley, 1974 (English) Occupational History Lecturer in English, San Jose State University, Fall 1974 Associate in English, University of California at Berkeley, Spring 1975 Assistant Professor in the English Department and in the Program in American Culture at the University of Michigan, 1975-81 Associate Professor in the English Department and in the Program in American Culture at the University of Michigan, 1981-86 Professor in the English Department and in the Program in American Culture at the University of Michigan, 1986- Director, Program in American Culture, University of Michigan, 2000-2003 H. Chandler Davis Collegiate Professor, University of Michigan, 2007-2014 Professor Emeritus, University of Michigan, 2014- Research and Teaching Specialties 20th Century United States Literature Realism, Naturalism, Modernism in Mid-20th Century U.S. Literature Literary Radicalism in the United States Marxism and U.S. Cultural Studies African American Writers on the Left Modernist Poetry and the Left The Thirties New York Jewish Writers and Intellectuals Twentieth Century History of Socialist, Communist, Trotskyist and New Left Movements in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • We Love Big Brother: an Analysis of the Relationship Between Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four and Modern Politics in the United S
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Honors Scholar Theses Honors Scholar Program Spring 5-4-2018 We Love Big Brother: An Analysis of the Relationship between Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty- Four And Modern Politics in the United States and Europe Edward Pankowski [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses Part of the Literature in English, North America Commons, and the Political Theory Commons Recommended Citation Pankowski, Edward, "We Love Big Brother: An Analysis of the Relationship between Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four And Modern Politics in the United States and Europe" (2018). Honors Scholar Theses. 559. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses/559 We Love Big Brother: An Analysis of the Relationship between Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four And Modern Politics in the United States and Europe By Edward Pankowski Professor Jennifer Sterling-Folker Thesis Adviser: Professor Sarah Winter 5/4/2018 POLS 4497W Abstract: In recent months since the election of Donald Trump to the Presidency of the United States in November 2016, George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four has seen a resurgence in sales, and terms invented by Orwell or brought about by his work, such as “Orwellian,” have re- entered the popular discourse. This is not a new phenomenon, however, as Nineteen Eighty-Four has had a unique impact on each of the generations that have read it, and the impact has stretched across racial, ethnic, political, and gender lines. This thesis project will examine the critical, popular, and scholarly reception of Nineteen Eighty-Four since its publication 1949. Reviewers’ and commentators’ references common ideas, themes, and settings from the novel will be tracked using narrative theory concepts in order to map out an understanding of how the interpretations of the novel changed over time relative to major events in both American and Pankowski 1 world history.
    [Show full text]
  • The Literary Criticism of the New York Intellectuals a Defense and Appreciation Eric Glaberson
    the literary criticism of the new york intellectuals a defense and appreciation eric glaberson In the flurry of commentary these past few years on the New York Intel­ lectuals, much of what has been written suggests that while they engaged in criticism of literature, their political concerns essentially subsumed their other interests, that criticism for them was an outlet for extraliterary impulses. Even a book favorable to the group's early critical work, Alan Wald's The New York Intellectuals, finds its ultimate worth residing in their courageously left-wing yet Anti-Stalinist attitudes of the late thirties. However, such responses tend to obscure what was perhaps the most significant intellectual contribution of the New York Intellectuals: their exploration of the emotional resonances brought about through the social and historical dimensions of literature. In this process, they have over most of the last fifty years refused to compromise the integrity of works of literature for political purposes. This essay, then, will argue that the New York Intellectuals' later critical work was largely nonpolitical. It will attempt to demonstrate as well that 1) the dialectical nature of their work helped to illuminate much of the literature of the last two centuries; 2) to a large extent their dialectic grew out of the Jewish immigrant experience, strengthening rather than narrowing their work; 3) they followed in a tradition of American cultural criticism stemming from Van Wyck 71 Brooks and Edmund Wilson; and 4) their emphasis on the historical, cultural and moral elements of literature served a humanizing function in American critical practice.
    [Show full text]
  • George Orwell As a Public Choice Economist
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive George Orwell as a Public Choice Economist Makovi, Michael Loyola University, New Orleans 5 May 2015 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67426/ MPRA Paper No. 67426, posted 26 Oct 2015 19:59 UTC GEORGE ORWELL AS A PUBLIC CHOICE ECONOMIST by Michael Makovi* Abstract George Orwell is famous for his two final fictions, Animal Farm (Orwell 1945a) and Nineteen Eighty- Four (Orwell 1949a). These two works are sometimes understood to defend capitalism against socialism. But as Orwell was a committed socialist, this could not have been his intention. Orwell’s criticisms were directed not against socialism per se but against the Soviet Union and similarly totalitarian regimes. Instead, these fictions were intended as Public Choice-style investigations into which political systems furnished suitable incentive structures to prevent the abuse of power. This is demonstrated through a study of Orwell’s non-fiction works, where his opinions and intentions are more explicit. Keywords: Orwell, Public Choice, socialism, totalitarianism, Neoconservatism JEL Codes: B24, B31, D72, P20, P30, Z11 I. Introduction socialist, Orwell could not possibly have intended to condemn collectivism outright. Therefore, any Perhapsnoauthorismorefamousforhisanti- reading of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four communist writings than George Orwell. Two of his which interprets these works as criticizing collec- novels in particular – Animal Farm (Orwell 1945a) tivism and extolling the market economy, must and Nineteen Eighty-Four (Orwell
    [Show full text]
  • From Confession to Exposure Transitions in 1940S Anticommunist Literature Alex Goodall
    chapter 6 From Confession to Exposure Transitions in 1940s Anticommunist Literature Alex Goodall On August 23, 1939, the Soviet regime signed the pact with Nazi Germany that ripped apart the Popular Front alliance of communists and left-wing progressives that had dominated radical politics in the second half of the 1930s. The betrayal was especially painful for the radical American artists who had believed themselves to be working on the “cultural front,” and their tools of trade ensured that they were well placed to give cogent expres- sion to their feelings.1 The result was a literature of alienation in the early 1940s that formed a precursor to the larger shift toward anticommunism in American culture in the Cold War. Since ex-communists and disappointed fellow travelers moved across the political spectrum over the coming decade, their influence was felt in left- wing, liberal, and conservative circles alike. Politicians and public figures of all stripes in the Cold War deployed arguments that had been initially artic- ulated by these disappointed radicals. Nevertheless, the initial literary prod- ucts of what Alfred Kazin called the “Great Disillusionment” were written at a time when anticommunism had not yet become an all-consuming cul- tural force in American life.2 The United States and Soviet Union fought as allies between 1941 and 1945, and while there was little love for communism in the American mainstream, Nazism and Japanese militarism were seen as greater dangers to world peace. New Deal liberals highlighted the work that the Red Army was doing to hold back the Nazis.
    [Show full text]
  • Partisans Re-Viewed
    PARTISANS RE-VIEWED Anne Thompson Submitted to the Institute of Education, University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1990 BIBL LONDIN UNIV ABSTRACT The following thesis is a case study, a history, of -a magazine, Partisan Review, over a period of twenty years (1934-1954) treating it as a series of texts together constituting a transforming discourse. A discourse constructed in and against a discourse of Americanism, itself constructed through an interplay with representations of Europe. Partisan Review was initiated in 1934 within the institutional and intellectual framework of the American Communist Party as an organ of the John Reed Club. In 1937 formal links with the Communist Party were severed and the magazine reappeared as nominally independent but with clear Trotskyist sympathies. After a period of non-alignment without any explicit political programme, an editorial in 1952 declared a neo- Liberal and anti-communist support for "Our Country and Our Culture". It is asserted that these shifts did not constitute radical breaks, but were constructed gradually. The thesis attempts to make the discourse and its process of transformation intelligible to the reader by mapping the emergence and inter-relations of key concepts (including Aestheticism, Alienation, National, Intellectual, Science.) It is argued that each concept or element was defined both by its opposition to an antithetical concept and its place in the discourse - by the specific combination or articulation of the elements. Three editorial texts from 1937, 1941 and 1952, are taken as exemplars, momentary crystallisations of this transformatory practice, and each is subjected to an analysis which attempts to unpick and to gloss its changing component elements and the transforming articulations between elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    JOURNAL OF WORLD-SYSTEMS RESEARCH ISSN: 1076-156X | Vol. # 21 No. 2 | http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2015.7 | jwsr.org “The road fromVol. Mandalay 1 | DOI 10.5195/JWSR.1to Wigan is a long one and the reasons for taking it aren’t immediately clear”: A World-System Biography of George Orwell Brendan McQuade DePaul University [email protected] Abstract George Orwell is one the best known and highly regarded writers of the twentieth century. In his adjective form— Orwellian—he has become a “Sartrean ‘singular universal,’ an individual whose “singular” experiences express the “universal” character of a historical moment. Orwell is a literary representation of the unease felt in the disenchanted, alienated, anomic world of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This towering cultural legacy obscures a more complex and interesting legacy. This world-system biography explains his contemporary relevance by retracing the road from Mandalay to Wigan that transformed Eric Blair, a disappointing-Etonian- turned-imperial-policeman, into George Orwell, a contradictory and complex socialist and, later, literary icon. Orwell’s contradictory class position—between both ruling class and working class and nation and empire—and resultantly tense relationship to nationalism, empire, and the Left makes his work a particularly powerful exposition of the tension between comsopolitianism and radicalism, between the abstract concerns of intellectuals and the complex demands of local political action. Viewed in full, Orwell represents the “traumatic kernel” of our age of cynicism: the historic failure and inability of the left to find a revolutionary path forward between the “timid reformism” of social democrats and “comfortable martyrdom” of anachronistic and self-satisfied radicals.
    [Show full text]
  • Stalinism Revisited Stalinism Revisited
    CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK Stalinism Revisited Stalinism Revisited Stalinism Revisited brings together representatives of multiple generations to create a rich examination The Establishment of Communist Regimes in East-Central Europe of the study and practice of Stalinism. While the articles are uniformly excellent, the book’s signal contribution is to bring recent research from Eastern European scholars to an English-speaking audience. Thus the volume is not just a “state of the discipline” collection, in which articles are collected to reflect that current situation of scholarship in a given field; instead, this one includes cutting edge scholarship that will prompt more of the same from other scholars in other fields/subfields. I would recommend this book highly to anyone interested in understanding the technology of Stalinism in both StalinismStalinism thought and practice. Nick Miller Boise State University The Sovietization of post-1945 East-Central Europe—marked by the forceful imposition of the Soviet- type society in the region—was a process of massive socio-political and cultural transformation. Despite its paramount importance for understanding the nature of the communist regime and its RevisitedRevisited legacy, the communist take-over in East Central European countries has remained largely under- researched. Two decades after the collapse of the communist system,Stalinism Revisited brings together a remarkable international team of established and younger scholars, engaging them in a critical re-evaluation of the institutionalization of communist regimes in East-Central Europe and of the period of “high Stalinism.” Sovietization is approached not as a fully pre-determined, homogeneous, and monolithic transformation, but as a set of trans-national, multifaceted, and inter-related processes of large-scale institutional and ideological transfers, made up of multiple “takeovers” in various fields.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA HISTORICAL JOURNAL Vol
    The 'Scientific Morality': Independent Marxists and Stalin's Russia, 1935-1940 Judy Kutulas Post-World War II anticommunism owes a tremendous intellectual debt to a small group of Marxists active during the 1930s. Although these men and women were neither popular nor influential at a time when Stalin's Russia enjoyed general acceptance within liberal and radical intellectual circles, their ideas ultimately affected millions of Americans. The individuals were independent Marxists, rebels from the Communist Party of America (CPUSA) who criticized Stalinism because of their own dreams of what pure, "objective" Marxism should be.^ Although snubbed by other intellectuals, they became visible during the fifties, when their anti-Stalinism lost its Marxist taint and formed a main ideological current of anticommunism. Their story represents in extreme form the journey followed by many American liberal intellectuals from an idealized Marxism to a more conservative and pessimistic liberalism. In their case, a belief in the rational, the pragmatic, and the scientific drove them first from party Marxism then to independent Marxism, and finally to liberalism. Like the rest of their radical cohorts, the independents became disappointed with Soviet socialism. Their disillusionment spread among nearly all of the intellectual left by 1950. Judy Kutulas received a B.A. in history from the Unix'ersity of California, Berkeley, and an M.A. in United States history from the University of California, Los Angeles. She is currently writing her dissertation at the University of California, Los Angeles, on American intellectuals and the Soviet Union, 1935 to 1940. 66 ^ 198S INDEPENDENT MARXISTS 67 The primary antecedent of anti-Stalinism was some American Marxists' conscious recognition that their Marxism was different.
    [Show full text]
  • The Theory and Practice of the American Proletarian Novel, Based Upon Four Selected Works
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1979 Toward a Workers' America: the Theory and Practice of the American Proletarian Novel, Based Upon Four Selected Works. Joel Dudley Wingard Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Wingard, Joel Dudley, "Toward a Workers' America: the Theory and Practice of the American Proletarian Novel, Based Upon Four Selected Works." (1979). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3425. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3425 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Pagefs)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round Mack mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Mary Mccarthy, Mary Gordon, and the Irish-American Literary Tradition
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 1995 Mary McCarthy, Mary Gordon, and the Irish-American Literary Tradition Stacey Lee Donohue Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1412 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from themicrofilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bieedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Elizabeth Hardwick
    Elizabeth Hardwick: An Inventory of Her Papers at the Harry Ransom Center Descriptive Summary Creator Hardwick, Elizabeth, 1916-2007 Title Elizabeth Hardwick Papers 1934-1991 Dates: 1934-1991 Extent 7 boxes (3 linear feet) Abstract: The papers contain manuscripts of Hardwick's writings, particularly Bartleby in Manhattan and Sleepless Nights, as well as correspondence with friends and husband Robert Lowell. Language English Access Open for research. Photocopies of letters belonging to Princeton University may not be photographed or reproduced without permission. Administrative Information Acquisition Gift, 1991 (G 8738) Processed by Jennifer B. Patterson, 1993 Repository: Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin Hardwick, Elizabeth, 1916-2007 Biographical Sketch Born July 27, 1916, Elizabeth Hardwick grew up with ten brothers and sisters in Lexington, Kentucky. She attended local schools, and received a master's degree in English from the University of Kentucky in 1939. Shortly thereafter, Hardwick moved to New York, and began classes at Columbia University, where she would matriculate for the next two years. The contrast between life in Kentucky and in New York inspired Hardwick to write her first novel, The Ghostly Lover, which was published in 1945. The plot focused on the emotional development of a southern women who has moved to New York, which she adopts as her home. Hardwick received critical attention for her talented prose style, as well as her descriptions of people and places. After the book was published, Philip Rahv, an editor of the Partisan Review, asked Hardwick to become a contributor. Her appearance in this journal marked the beginning of a long career in literary and social criticism.
    [Show full text]