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History - Year 7

If you study this subject, you need to be spending 2 hours per week on this subject. You should use your time to research and investigate the topics mentioned below:

You MUST prioritise the following things:

You have been emailed a workbooklet by the school. This has information and tasks to work through about the topic you would be completing in school – The . Read through the pack carefully and follow the instructions fully. A summary of what to do is below.

• Read through the information you have been provided with on the English Civil War. Make a note of any new words you encounter and their definitions. • Use the information to write a narrative account of the Civil War. Use the sentence starters to help you. Include as much detail as you can. • Complete at least 4 tasks on the menu, the chillies show how challenging each task is. • Those with a * next to them do not need the internet to be completed. • Send completed class work to your History teacher and always ask for extra support if needed.

Websites that will help your research or provide you with subject related quizzes:

The YouTube Channel ‘History Hub’ has some very useful videos on the English Civil War.

Name: Due:

Year 7 Home Learning The English Civil War, 1642-1651

TEACHER FEEDBACK : DO NOT COMPLETE

Excellent. “I am actively involved and go above and beyond”

Good. “I complete work on time and to a good standard”

Inconsistent. “My work is sometimes below my potential , late or

Incomplete”

Poor. “My work is not completed or missing” The English Civil War, 1642-1651

When was the English Civil War?

In August 1642, a Civil War broke out in . A Civil War happens when two or more sides fight against each other, but within the same country. In 1642, King Charles I had been on the throne since 1625 but was greatly unpopular. In an at- tempt to overthrow him, a soldier named led a group of followers known as the Parliamentarians, who fought against King Charles I’s army, the Royalists. The Civil War lasted nine years. What were the causes of the English Civil War?

For many years Charles I has been an unpopular King. Like many events in history, the causes of the English Civil War were multi-causal, meaning it was a result of many factors and not just one. One of the causes of the Civil War was the rule of King Charles I. Since the reign of Edward I England has been a Protestant country, yet when King Charles I came to the throne, he married a Catholic and introduced many reli- gious practises associated with Catholicism. Many Protestants began to fear England would return to a King Charles I Catholic country, especially the Puritans, who were a group of strict Protestants. In addition to religion, Charles I also angered the people of England by his beliefs, Charles I believed the ‘’ which meant that God has chosen the King and no one, including Parliament had the right to question his authority. This belief in particular made Charles I very unpopular and between 1629-1640, he dissolved Parliament, This turbulent period became knows as ‘the eleven years of tyranny’.

Another cause of the English Civil War was money and foreign policy. In 1635, Charles I increased a Ship Tax which meant merchants had to pay more money to the King. In 1625, Charles also lead an unsuccessful war against Spain and in 1627 did so with France. Both of these wars were expensive and in 1640, after a Scottish rebellion Charles resorted to asking Parliament for more money. The role of Oliver Cromwell was also vital. Cromwell was an ambitious soldier who wanted to restore order to England. Many historians now believe Cromwell’s role one of the causes of the English Civil War.

Oliver Cromwell

Who fought during the English Civil War? King Charles I led an army known as the ‘’. The Cavaliers were made up of support- ers of the monarchy and predominantly soldiers from the North and Western regions as well as some Irish and Scottish soldiers. Their name, ‘Cavaliers’ came from the fact they has a cavalry of horses. The followers of Oliver Cromwell were known as the ‘’. These men were mainly merchants, who sold items and typically came from and the South -East. As the Roundheads were in control of London and the Navy, there were very powerful.

The Cavaliers The Roundheads clothing was famed for its magnificence. The Roundheads on the other hand wore Men's hats were boldly feathered, and their dou- simple, practical uniforms and were famed blet jackets were embroidered with white lace. or wearing a round metal helmet.

What were the key events in the English Civil War? The first major battle of the Civil War was the on the 23rd of October 1642. Both the Cavaliers and the Roundheads lost around 1500 men yet ironically, both sides claimed to have won the battle! The second major event was the Battle of Marston Moor, in Yorkshire on the 2nd of July, 1644. The Roundheads aimed to destroy Royalist support in and with 28,,000 men, they successfully beat the 18,000 Cavaliers. The final key Battle of occurred on the 14th of June in 1645. To prepare for the bat- tle, Cromwell trained his soldiers at peace times, when they were not fighting to prepare for war. This innovative technique was called the ‘’ and was one of the key reasons behind the victory. The Royalists were soon outnumbered by the 13,000 Cavaliers and Charles I withdrew, later being surrendered to Parliament in 1647. After the , there were a series of minor rebellions but Cromwell remained in control. There was also the question of what to do with the King? Whilst some MPs wanted King Charles I to be executed, the majority thought it would be fair for the King to stand trial. The trial began on the 1st of January 1649 and Charles was accused of being a ‘tyrant, trai- tor and murderer’. Charles I was found guilty of all charges and was executed. Cromwell was now in charge of England and the Parliamentarians had defeated the Royalists. What were the consequences of the English Civil War? For the next 11 years, England was ruled by Oliver Cromwell who was know as the ‘Lord Pro- tector’. During this period England became a Republic, meaning it didn’t have a monarchy and Parliament was restored. Despite this new balance of power In England did not last for a long and Charles’s son, Charles II was made King in 1600, which was know as the ‘Restoration’ of the monarchy.

Section A: Complete question 1 to prove your learning

1. Write a narrative account of the English Civil War. Imagine you are living in 1642 England and are writing a diary. Using the information provided, write a diary entry narrating the events which took place during the English Civil War. You may choose to discuss the battles which took place and the causes or consequences of the Civil War. Your account should be at least one paragraph and may include the following sentences starters:

The Civil War began…. The Roundheads are…. King Charles I is unpopular because…. Many people support Oliver Cromwell and the Parliamentarians because…. I support the Royalists/Parliamentarians as…. Dear diary, today the Royalists were defeated….. Dear diary, I am going to join the Cavaliers/Roundheads because I believe…

WAGOLL

Dear diary, I am becoming very angry with Charles I. Since he became King he married a Catholic! This worries me as I am a Puritan and I don’t want England to return to a Catholic country. Charles I is also spending lots of money on costly wars we are loosing! Many people are saying a Civil War may breakout. If it does, I would hope the monarchy would be overthrown as I detest Charles I, he is a tyrant! Section B: Choose your learning

 Complete at least 4 tasks on the menu, the chillies show how challenging each task is.  As this work should last you a full term, space out each of the activities and use full sentences.  Those with a * next to them do not need the internet to be completed.  Send completed class work to your teacher and always ask for help, good luck!

Master- Was King Charles Imagine you are writing Using BBC Bitesize and ing I to blame for the a news report about life Google, research Oliver English Civil War? during the English Civil Cromwell and explain Answer this War. Research details the key changes he question with at about how the war brought to England.*

least two PEE effected men, women

paragraphs. * and children. To challenge yourself, explain who you thought was a better ruler, King Charles I or Oliver Cromwell.

Design a Google ‘The English Civil Make a set of revision Ad- propaganda War BBC bitesize’ and cards about each of the vancing poster for either read the information on battles during the war. the Royalists or the website. Include keywords and the Parliamentar- dates.

ians. Include details about them and why people should support them. *

Devel- Using the Using the information Watch ‘What caused oping information given, make a list of the the English Civil War?’ given, create a Keywords emboldened on timeline of key in the text and write History Hub’s YouTube events during the down their definition. * Channel. English Civil War.