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Perekonomian Indonesia Dalam Pemikiran Widjojo Nitisastro 1966-1998

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Perekonomian Indonesia Dalam Pemikiran Widjojo Nitisastro 1966-1998 PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA DALAM PEMIKIRAN WIDJOJO NITISASTRO 1966-1998 SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Universitas Jambi untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Oleh: Acep Sunandar (A1A216036) PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS JAMBI MARET 2021 2 i ii MOTTO “Sesungguhnya Allah tidak akan mengubah keadaan suatu kaum sampai mereka mengubah keadaan diri mereka sendiri” (QS. Ar-Ra’d: 11) “Tidak ada balasan untuk kebaikan selain kebaikan pula, maka nikmat Tuhanmu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan” (QS. Ar-Rahman: 60-61) “Wahai manusia sungguh, Kami telah menciptakan kamu dari seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan, kemudian Kami jadikan kamu berbangsa-bangsa dan bersuku-suku agar kamu saling mengenal. Sesungguhnya yang paling mulia di antara kamu di sisi Allah ialah orang yang paling bertakwa. Sungguh, Allah Maha Mengetahui, Maha Teliti” (QS. Al-Hujurat: 13) PERSEMBAHAN Atas limpahan rahmat serta karunia Allah Subhanahu Wata’ala, Alhamdulillah akhirnya saya dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir skripsi. Saya persembahkan skripsi ini kepada yang teramat mulia ayahanda tercinta Suhendar, Ibunda Kurnia dan ibunda Iis Lindawati yang dengan segala doa serta pengorbanannya telah mengantarkan saya untuk meraih ilmu pengetahuan. Semoga ilmu yang telah saya raih dapat bermanfaat dan menjadi amal jariyah baik di dunia maupun di akhirat kelak. Semoga saya dapat menjadi orang yang berguna bagi orang tua, agama, nusa dan bangsa., Aamiin Allahumma Aamiin. iii iv Abstrak Sunandar, Acep. 2020. Perekonomian Indonesia dalam Pemikiran Widjojo Nitisastro 1966-1998: Skripsi, Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial. FKIP. Universitas jambi. Pembimbing: (I) Drs. Budi Purnomo, M.Hum., M.Pd. (II): Isrina Siregar, S.Pd., M.Pd. Kata Kunci: Pemikiran, Widjojo Nitisastro, Perekonomian Indonesia. Kondisi perekonomian Indonesia pada dekade 60-an berada dalam situasi yang kacau. Hiperinflasi yang terjadi mengakibatkan perekonomian Indonesia hancur, sektor pertanian tidak lagi dapat mencukupi kebutuhan pangan dalam negeri, serta kemiskinan menjadi nasib sebagian besar penduduk. Di tengah keadaan ekonomi yang kian terpuruk muncul para pemikir ekonomi dari lingkungan FEUI salah satunya adalah Widjojo Nitisastro yang memperkenalkan konsep pembaharuan landasan kebijakan perekonomian guna memperbaiki perekonomian Indonesia. Penyusunan Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis (1) perekonomian Indonesia pada masa awal Pemerintahan Soeharto, (2) pemikiran Widjojo Nitisastro terhadap perekonomian Indonesia, (3) dampak pemikiran Widjojo Nitisastro terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan Skripsi ini metode penelitian sejarah yang terdiri dari pengumpulan sumber (Heuristik), penilaian terhadap sumber (Kritik Sumber), penafsiran terhadap sumber (Interpretasi), dan terakhir penulisan sejarah ( Historiografi). Dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa melalui pemikiran Widjojo Nitisastro perekonomian Indonesia mengalami perubahan yang sangat signifikan. Tampilnya Widjojo Nitisastro dengan memperkenalkan konsep-konsep pembaharuan kebijakan ekonomi ternyata berhasil bukan saja menghentikan kemerosotan ekonomi, tetapi juga memajukan kehidupan ekonomi yang dilanjutkan dengan kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi yang terencana dan berkesinambungan. Pada masa pemerintahan presiden Soeharto, Widjojo Nitisastro memfokuskan pembangunan di sektor pertanian khususnya di bidang beras. Melalui kebijakan ini Indonesia mampu mencapai Swasembada pangan sejak tahun 1984. dengan pencapaian ini Pemerintah memperoleh penghargaan dari Food and Agriculture Organization. KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT berkat Rahmat serta Karunia- Nya penulis bisa menuntaskan Skripsi dengan judul“ Perekonomian Indonesia dalam Pemikiran Widjojo Nitisastro 1966- 1998”. Skripsi ini disusun sebagai salah satu ketentuan untuk memperoleh gelar Strata-1 Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Jambi Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan Skripsi ini pasti banyak sekali hadapi bermacam hambatan. Akan tetapi berkat dorongan dari berbagai pihak penyusunan Skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan. Oleh sebab itu penulis mengucapkan banyak terimakasih kepada: 1. Bapak Drs. Budi Purnomo, M.Hum., M.Pd. selaku Dosen, Pembimbing Skripsi I, dan Ketua Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah atas bimbingan, saran, dan motivasi yang telah diberikan. 2. Ibu Isrina Siregar, M.Pd. selaku Dosen, dan Pembimbing Skripsi II, atas bimbingan, saran, dan motivasi yang telah diberikan. 3. Segenap Dosen Jurusan PIPS dan Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah FKIP Universitas Jambi yang telah memberikan ilmunya kepada penulis. 4. Yang teramat mulia terimakasih untuk kedua orang tua ku Bapak Suhendar dan Ibunda Iis Lindawati, serta adik-adik ku Rizky Khoirul Fachri dan Aditia Sunandar atas doa, bimbingan, dukungan materil dan moril serta kasih sayang yang selalu tercurah selama ini. 5. Bapak Aprizal Dahan, Bapak Syafrani Lubis, Bapak Nehru Pohan, Bapak Abbas, Bapak Akmal, Bapak Ferry Ady dan segenap warga Perumahan Mendalo Mas atas dukungan yang telah diberikan. ii iii 6. Sahabat-sahabatku Ilham Saputra, Rizky Gumilar, Mulyana, Ferry Fadly, dan tak lupa pula Apriyani Lestari sebagai penyemangat dan motivator penulis selama ini 7. Sahabat Manusio Tebuang, mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah angkatan 2016 Agus Junaedi, Doddy Dwi Indiarto, Hutabri, Lukfan Ari Prayoga Normansyah, Sigit Pratama, dan Saddam atas do’a, motivasi dan bantuan yang telah diberikan kepada penulis serta waktu kebersamaan yang sangat berharga bagi penulis. 8. Teman-teman Pendidikan Sejarah 2016 yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu atas doa, motivasi dan bantuan yang telah diberikan kepada penulis serta waktu kebersamaan yang sangat berharga bagi penulis. 9. Ikatan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah (IMAPENSA) UNJA atas do’a, motivasi, kerja sama serta kebersamaan yang telah diberikan kepada penulis selama proses pendidikan di Kampus. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan skripsi ini masih terdapat banyak kekurangan. Penulis mengharapkan kritik serta saran yang membangun agar dapat memberikan manfaat dan dapat di kembangkan lebih lanjut. Amiin. Jambi, Desember 2020 Penulis. iv DAFTAR ISI Halaman ABSTRAK ................................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................. ii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................... iv DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................... vi DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................... vii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................... viii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang masalah ....................................................................... 1 1.2. Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 8 1.3. Fokus penelitian ................................................................................... 8 1.4. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................. 9 1.5. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................... 9 1.6. Tinjauan Pustaka.................................................................................. 11 1.7. Kerangka Konseptual ........................................................................... 15 1.8. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................ 19 1.9. Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................... 23 BAB II Perekonomian Indonesia Pada Masa Awal Pemerintahan Soeharto 2.1. Perjalanan Karier Soeharto................................................................... 25 2.2. Kondisi Perekonomian Indonesia ......................................................... 32 BAB III Pemikiran Widjojo Nitisastro Terhadap perekonomian Indonesia 3.1. Latar Belakang Widjojo Nitisastro ....................................................... 34 3.2. Pembaharuan Landasan Perekonomian ................................................ 49 3.2.1. Landasan Idiil ........................................................................... 55 3.2.2. Operasional .............................................................................. 58 3.3. Pembangunan Perekonomian Indonesia ............................................... 60 3.3.1. Swasembada Beras ................................................................... 63 3.3.2. Pembiayaan pembangunan ekonomi ......................................... 73 v BAB IV Dampak Pemikiran Widjojo Nitisastro 4.1. Dampak Swasembada Beras ................................................................ 79 4.2. Dampak Pembiayaan Pembangunan Perekonomian ............................. 82 BAB V PENUTUP 5.1. Kesimpulan.......................................................................................... 85 5.2. Saran ................................................................................................... 88 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 90 vi Daftar Gambar Gambar Halaman 1.1. Kerangka Konseptual ............................................................
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