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VOLUME XIV / NO. 145 /OKTOBER 2019 EDISI KHUSUS ALI WARDHANA Usianya terbilang muda kala beban negara dipercayakan padanya. Warisan persoalan ekonomi menunggu dibereskan. Di tangan Ali dan timnya, hiperinflasi dicundangi, institusi keuangan dibenahi, penerimaan negara dikukuhkan, pun kualitas hidup masyarakat dieskalasi. Kecakapan dan kejujuran nurani jadi modal lima belas tahun mengampu Menteri Keuangan. VOL. XIII / NO. 145 / OKTOBER 2019 1 ISSN 1907-6320 Daftar Isi 4 SAMBUTAN MENTERI KEUANGAN 6 EKSPOSUR LAPORAN UTAMA 8 Ali Wardhana, 1928 - 2015 12 Infografis 14 Tuan Pelopor Pembaruan Birokrasi 17 Sang Penegak Reformasi Pajak 19 Tegas Tuntas Membenahi 8. 14. 22 Agar Berkah Minyak Tak Jadi Musibah 24 Berimbang dahulu, Bertumbuh Kemudian 26 Penakluk Hiperinflasi 32 Vokal di Forum Global 36 Mengenal Sisi Personal Sang Legenda 17. 19. 22. 44 KATA MEREKA KOLOM 46 Menteri Dengan Nurani Intelektual 48 Kontribusi Prof. Dr. Ali Wardhana bagi Indonesia 50 Mengenang Prof. Dr. Ali Wardhana 24. 26. 32. 36. BUGAR 52 Dari Sepak Bola Sampai Teka Teki Diterbitkan oleh: Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Keuangan. Pelindung: Menteri Keuangan Sri Mulyani Indrawati. Pengarah: Wakil Menteri Silang Keuangan Mardiasmo. Penanggung Jawab: Sekretaris Jenderal Kementerian Keuangan Hadiyanto. Pemimpin Umum: Kepala Biro Komunikasi dan Layanan Informasi Nufransa Wira Sakti. Pemimpin Redaksi: Kabag Manajemen Publikasi, Rahmat Widiana. Redaktur Pelaksana: Yani LOKAL Kurnia A. Dewan Redaksi: Ferry Gunawan, Dianita Suliastuti, Titi Susanti, Budi Sulistyo, Pilar Wiratoma, Purwo Widiarto, Muchamad Maltazam, Sri Moeji S, Alit Ayu Meinarsari, Teguh Warsito, Hadi Surono, Ali Ridho, Budi Prayitno, Budi Sulistiyo. Farida Rosadi, Reni Saptati Tim Redaksi: 55 Alunan Mendayu Nan D.I, Danik Setyowati, Abdul Aziz, Rostamaji, Adik Tejo Waskito, Arif Nur Rokhman, Ferdian Jati Permana, Andi Abdurrochim, Muhammad Mengalun Jauh Fabhi Riendi, Leila Rizki Niwanda, Kurnia Fitri Anidya, Buana Budianto Putri, Muhammad Irfan, Arimbi Putri, Nur Iman, Berliana, Hega Susilo, Ika Luthfi Alzuhri, Agus Tri Hananto, Irfan Bayu Redaktur Foto: Anas Nur Huda, Resha Aditya Pratama, Fransiscus Edy Santoso, Andi Al Hakim, Muhammad Fath Kathin, Arief Kuswanadji, Intan Nur Shabrina, Ichsan Atmaja, Megan Nandia, Sugeng Wistriono, Rezky Ramadhani, Arif Taufiq Nugroho. BUKU Desain Grafis dan Layout: Venggi Obdi Ovisa, Dimach Oktaviansyah Karunia Putra, A. Wirananda, Victorianus M.I. Bimo,. Alamat Redaksi: Gedung 56 Pak Ali, Sang Arsitek Djuanda 1 Lantai 9, Jl. Dr. Wahidin Raya No. 1, Jakarta Telp: (021) 3849605, 3449230 pst. 6328/6330. E-mail: [email protected]. Ekonomi www.kemenkeu.go.id KemenkeuRI Redaksi menerima kontribusi tulisan dan artikel yang sesuai dengan misi penerbitan. Redaksi berhak KemenkeuRI KemenkeuRI mengubah isi tulisan tanpa mengubah maksud dan substansi. Bagi tulisan atau artikel yang dimuat akan mendapatkan imbalan sepantasnya. @KemenkeuRI majalahmediakeuangan 2 MEDIAKEUANGAN VOL. XIII / NO. 145 / OKTOBER 2019 3 Sambutan Menteri Keuangan Assalamu’alaikum warrahmatullahi inflasi yang sangat tinggi. yang sangat berharga bagi administrasi wabarakatuh. Di saat yang sulit itu, Ali Wardhana perpajakan hingga saat ini. Salam sejahtera untuk kita semua. melakukan restrukturisasi utang Dalam rangka Hari Oeang 73, Media sehingga Indonesia memiliki jangka Keuangan mengangkat perjalanan Ali Wardhana adalah seorang waktu yang cukup lama untuk dapat hidup Ali Wardhana sejak Beliau kecil pembaharu. Ia memiliki visi yang jelas, melunasi utang-utang luar negerinya. hingga dewasa, dari masa mengabdi cerdas memilih strategi, memiliki Dalam jangka waktu itu, Ali Wardhana di Kementerian Keuangan selama 15 kepemimpinan yang kuat dan yang bersama dengan Widjojo Nitisastro tahun, peranannya sebagai teknokrat tidak kalah penting, punya nyali membangun fondasi-fondasi ekonomi di Universitas Indonesia, hingga kiprah dan determinasi. Kualitas pribadi baru di bidang fiskal dan moneter. Beliau yang sangat dikenal di dunia Ali Wardhana sejajar dengan tokoh- Defisit APBN diperhitungkan dengan internasional. tokoh pembaharu lainnya yang secara matang, pembiayaan melalu pinjaman Semoga seluruh pembaca Media sungguh-sungguh menggunakan segala juga dikelola dengan prudent. Lalu Keuangan dapat memetik hikmah kemampuannya untuk membangun nusa pembiayaan defisit juga tidak dilakukan dan pelajaran yang bermakna dari dan bangsa Indonesia pada masa-masa dengan cara mencetak uang. perjalanan hidup Bapak Ali Wardhana. yang tidak mudah. Sebagai Menteri Keuangan terlama Semangat pembaharu, kerja keras dan Di awal pemerintahan Orde Baru, yang menjabat selama 15 tahun, Ali pengabdian pada tanah air semoga Ali Wardhana menjadi pembaharu dalam Wardhana merupakan pembaharu di dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi seluruh meletakkan fondasi kebijakan makro organisasi yang kita cintai ini. Ia adalah pegawai Kementerian Keuangan untuk ekonomi yang prudent, artinya Indonesia pelopor reformasi birokrasi sehingga mengerahkan segala kemampuannya memiliki kebijakan fiskal dan moneter Kementerian Keuangan bisa lebih bersih untuk bangsa dan negara. yang menjadi alat stabilisasi ekonomi dan lebih profesional. Integritasnya Saya juga berharap agar Media untuk tumbuh, bukan sebaliknya. Di ditegakkan demi kinerja Kementerian Keuangan Edisi Khusus “Ali Wardhana” awal kepemimpinannya sebagai Menteri Keuangan yang lebih baik. Bahkan beliau dapat memberikan manfaat seluas- Keuangan tahun 1968, kondisi APBN pernah membubarkan Bea Cukai karena luasnya serta menciptakan nilai tambah Indonesia sedang mengalami defisit pada saat itu korupsi sangat mendarah bagi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia untuk yang cukup besar, salah satunya karena daging. kita teladani bersama. Selamat Hari kondisi politik yang masih membutuhkan Di sisi perpajakan, Ali Wardhana Oeang ke-73! anggaran militer yang sangat besar. dengan Dirjen Pajak salah satunya Mar’ie Menkeu Sri Mulyani dan Ali Defisit tersebut ditutup dengan utang Muhammad, juga meletakkan fondasi Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi Wardhana saat dan mencetak uang, karena Dewan untuk pengelolaan pajak di Indonesia. wabarakatuh. Peluncuran Buku Ali Wardhana Moneter (Bank Indonesia) belum Dimulainya self assessment pajak independen, sehingga mengakibatkan merupakan perubahan fundamental Foto Antara Sri Mulyani Indrawati, Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia 4 MEDIAKEUANGAN VOL. XIII / NO. 145 / OKTOBER 2019 5 Eksposur DE TJOLOMADOE: Saksi Bisu Semanis Madu Foto Anas Nur Huda useum yang terletak di Karanganyar (eks- Karesidenan Surakarta) ini menempati komplek bekas pabrik gula Mpertama milik bumiputera. Bangunan megah yang berhasil direstorasi konsorsium BUMN ini mempertahankan bentuk dari hasil renovasi besar di tahun 1928. Simbol kejayaan industri gula tanah air, sekaligus saksi bisu lahirnya Ali Wardhana. Di tahun yang sama beliau dilahirkan di Surakarta. 6 MEDIAKEUANGAN VOL. XIII / NO. 145 / OKTOBER 2019 7 Laporan Utama Ali Wardhana, 1928 - 2015 ktober selalu menjadi bulan spesial bagi institusi Teks Nufransa Wira Sakti Kementerian Keuangan. Sebab pada bulan ke-sepuluh O ini, Kementerian Keuangan memperingati Hari Oeang setiap tahunnya. Dalam peringatan Hari Oeang ke-73 yang jatuh pada tanggal 30 Oktober 2019, Media Keuangan kembali menerbitkan edisi khusus profil mantan Menteri Keuangan. Kali ini, kami mengangkat profil mantan Menteri Keuangan yang menjabat sebagai Menteri Keuangan terlama dalam sejarah. Dia adalah Prof. Dr. Ali Ali wardhana Wardhana. dikenal sebagai Selama 15 tahun menjabat sebagai menteri termuda Menteri Keuangan (1968 – 1983), Ali Wardhana menjadi tokoh penting Foto yang pernah dimiiki oleh bangsa Perpusnas Indonesia. Bagaimana tidak? Pada masa 8 MEDIAKEUANGAN VOL. XIII / NO. 145 / OKTOBER 2019 9 terbatas pada bidang makro ekonomi dengan curah pendapat bersama Salim (kolega dan sahabat), dan JB. dan moneter saja. Ali juga menorehkan sejarawan publik, Erwien Kusuma. Dari Sumarlin (mantan Menteri Keuangan jasa di bidang pendidikan. Sebagaimana sini, kami mendapat sejumlah data sekaligus sahabat). Proses wawancara diketahui, Ali merupakan Dekan informasi dan semakin meyakinkan dengan para tokoh senior ini menjadi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia kami bahwa sosok Ali Wardhana sangat pengalaman yang istimewa bagi tim LAHIRNYA terlama yang memegang amanah layak untuk diangkat pada edisi khusus penulis. Selain beroleh kesempatan hingga sepuluh tahun. Sementara pada ini. Guna menyempurnakan informasi emas bertemu langsung dengan para LOGO KEMENTERIAN institusi Kementerian Keuangan yang yang tersebar, kami mengundang tokoh nasional senior, berbincang KEUANGAN dipimpinnya, Ali sangat memperhatikan redaktur pelaksana investigasi sebuah dan mendengar secara langsung pengembangan kompetensi sumber media nasional, Bagja Hidayat, untuk testimoni dari mereka menjadi daya manusia, khususnya bagi para membantu proses pembabakan tema, pengalaman berharga bagi kami *** pegawai di lingkungan pemerintah. sekaligus pencarian narasumber yang yang rata-rata berasal dari generasi Dengan kata lain, Ali Wardhana menjadi tepat. Direktur pemberitaan media milenial. Meski sayangnya, terdapat ogo Kementerian Keuangan seorang teladan birokrat sekaligus harian nasional, Usman Kansong, juga rencana tim penyusun yang tidak yang sampai dengan saat ini teladan pendidik. Atas dasar inilah, kami libatkan untuk proses pendalaman berhasil diwujudkan. Media Keuangan L digunakan rupanya ditetapkan kami memutuskan untuk mengangkat dan penyempurnaan unsur jurnalistik rencananya akan mewawancarai salah pertama kali oleh Ali Wardhana
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  • Downloaded 4.0From License

    Downloaded 4.0From License

    chapter 3 Expertise and National Planning Abstract This chapter looks into the development of Indonesia’s postcolonial higher education system and the international technical assistance protocol in developing Indonesia’s new managerial class. It looks into the rapid expansion of higher education and the effort of the Indonesian society to decolonize its education system away from the Dutch model. Because of the swiftness of this process, Indonesianization looked a lot like Americanization. International aid through technical assistance was the primary means through which Western ideas on development planning and expert production through international higher education became cemented. Aid money helped create personal and institutional relationships between Indonesian and American govern- ment institutions and universities. In particular, the relationship between experts like the economist Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, Indonesia’s state planning institution, the faculty of economics of the University of Indonesia and UN and usaid technical experts and Western social scientists from American within mit’s Indonesia Project and others. These forms of transnational relationships legitimized the position of In- donesian planning experts within planning institutions that had strong institution- al relationship with the West. This pattern would continue throughout much of the twentieth century. Keywords Indonesianization of higher education – Americanization – international technical aid – modernization theory – Indonesia project This chapter discusses two developments concerning the post- colonial crea- tion of expertise during the 1950s. The first was the development of higher edu- cation in both quantitative and qualitative terms: this included the expansion of domestic tertiary education and the Americanization of the curriculum and study methods, as well as the introduction of the Guided Study method.
  • Backlash Against Foreign Investment Regime: Indonesia’S Experience

    Backlash Against Foreign Investment Regime: Indonesia’S Experience

    Backlash against Foreign Investment Regime: Indonesia’s Experience Herliana A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Dongsheng Zang, Chair John O. Haley Melissa Durkee Program Authorized to Offer Degree: School of Law ©Copyright 2017 Herliana ii University of Washington Abstract Backlash against Foreign Investment Regime: Indonesia’s Experience Herliana Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Dongsheng Zang School of Law This study investigates Indonesia’s changing attitude from embracing to repudiating foreign direct investments. Opened its door for foreign investment in the late of 1960s and enjoyed significant economic growth as the result, the country suddenly changed its foreign investment policy in 2012 to be more protectionist towards domestic investors and skeptical towards foreign investors. The essential issues to be discussed in this research are: what motivates Indonesia to move away from global investment regime; what actions the country has taken as manifestation of resentment against the regime; and who are the actors behind such a backlash. This is a qualitative study which aims at gaining a deep understanding of a legal development of Indonesia’s foreign investment. It aims to provide explanation of the current phenomenon taking place in the country. Data were collected through interviews and documents. This research reveals that liberalization of foreign investment law has become the major cause of resentment towards the foreign investment. Liberalization which requires privatization and openness toward foreign capital has failed to deliver welfare to the Indonesian people. Instead, foreign investors have pushed local business players, especially small and medium enterprises, out of the market.
  • The Berkeley Mafia and the Indonesian Massacre* ↓ by David Ransom

    The Berkeley Mafia and the Indonesian Massacre* ↓ by David Ransom

    Space for Notes The Berkeley Mafia and the Indonesian Massacre* ↓ By David Ransom “Indonesia is the best thing that's happened to Uncle Sam since World War ." --a World Bank official Indonesia, which in the past fired the imagination of fortune-hunters and adventurers as the fabled East Indies, was long regarded as "the richest colonial prize in the world." Harking back to such times, Richard Nixon described Indonesia in 1967 as "the greatest prize in the Southeast Asian area." Not too many years earlier, however, the prize had been thought all but lost to the fiery nationalist, Peking-oriented Sukarno and the three million-strong Indonesia Communist Party waiting in the wings. Then in October 1965 an unsuccessful coup and a swift move by Indonesia's generals immobilized the leader and precipitated the largest massacre in modern history, in which from 500,000 to a million unarmed communists and their peasant sympathizers were killed. When the bloodletting was over, the immense nationalist spirit of a decade had vanished, and the Indies' vast natural treasures were opened by the new regime to U.S. oil companies and corporations. To cut the ribbon on the Indonesian side was an extraordinary team of economic ministers known to insiders as "the Berkeley Mafia." Sporting PhDs from the University of California and acting as a closely-knit clique in the councils of power, these men shaped the post-nationalist policies of the new regime. Behind their rise to eminence and power lay a saga of international intellectual intrigue, of philanthropoids and university projects, of student Generals and political Deans, and a sophisticated imperial design beyond Cecil Rhodes's wildest dreams.