The Indonesian Development Experience
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A Review of Thee Kian Wie's Major
Economics and Finance in Indonesia Vol. 61 No. 1, 2015 : 41-52 p-ISSN 0126-155X; e-ISSN 2442-9260 41 The Indonesian Economy from the Colonial Extraction Period until the Post-New Order Period: A Review of Thee Kian Wie’s Major Works Maria Monica Wihardjaa,∗, Siwage Dharma Negarab,∗∗ aWorld Bank Office Jakarta bIndonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Abstract This paper reviews some major works of Thee Kian Wie, one of Indonesia’s most distinguished economic historians, that spans from the Colonial period until the post-New Order period. His works emphasize that economic history can guide future economic policy. Current problems in Indonesia were resulted from past policy failures. Indonesia needs to consistently embark on open economic policies, free itself from "colonial period mentality". Investment should be made in rebuilding crumbling infrastructure, improving the quality of health and education services, and addressing poor law enforcement. If current corruption persists, Indone- sia could not hope to become a dynamic and prosperous country. Keywords: Economic History; Colonial Period; Industrialization; Thee Kian Wie Abstrak Tulisan ini menelaah beberapakarya besar Thee Kian Wie, salah satu sejarawan ekonomi paling terhormat di Indonesia, mulai dari periode penjajahan hingga periode pasca-Orde Baru. Karya Beliau menekankan bahwa sejarah ekonomi dapat memberikan arahan dalam perumusan kebijakan ekonomi mendatang. Permasalahan yang dihadapi Indonesia dewasa ini merupakan akibat kegagalan kebijakan masa lalu. In- donesia perlu secara konsisten menerapkan kebijakan ekonomi terbuka, membebaskan diri dari "mentalitas periode penjajahan". Investasi perlu ditingkatkan untuk pembangunan kembali infrastruktur, peningkatan kualitas layanan kesehatan dan pendidikan, serta pembenahan penegakan hukum. Jika korupsi saat ini berlanjut, Indonesia tidak dapat berharap untuk menjadi negara yang dinamis dan sejahtera. -
00 Seasians ASEM.Indd 10 9/18/14 10:52:23 AM
00 SEAsians_ASEM.indd 10 9/18/14 10:52:23 AM ecollections Reproduced from Recollections: The Indonesian Economy, 1950s-1990s, edited by Thee Kian Wie (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Individual articles are available at < http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg > The Indonesia Project is a major international centre of research and graduate training on the economy of Indonesia. Established in 1965 in the Division of Economics of the Australian National University’s Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, the Project is well known and respected in Indonesia and in other places where Indonesia attracts serious scholarly and official interest. Funded by ANU and the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), it monitors and analyses recent economic developments in Indonesia; informs Australian governments, business, and the wider community about those developments, and about future prospects; stimulates research on the Indonesian economy; and publishes the respected Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) in Singapore was established as an autonomous organization in 1968. It is a regional research centre for scholars and other specialists concerned with modern Southeast Asia, particularly the many-faceted problems of stability and security, economic development, and political and social change. ISEAS is a major publisher and has issued over 1,000 books and journals on Southeast Asia. The Institute’s research programmes are the Regional Economic Studies (RES, including ASEAN and APEC), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). -
Widjojonomics Sampai Habibienomics Widjojonomics Sampai Habibienomics
Fajar Nur Alam WIDJOJONOMICS SAMPAI HABIBIENOMICS WIDJOJONOMICS SAMPAI HABIBIENOMICS Oleh : Fajar Nur Alam dan Farida Sarimaya1 ABSTRACT This article entitled “Widjojonomics to Habibienomics: Different views of Economic thoughts of Widjojo Nitisastro and B.J Habibie towards Indonesian Economy in the New Order.” The main issues raised in this study is how differing ideas of B.J Habibie and Nitisastro Widjojo about Indonesian economy in the New Order era in 1971-1999. The method used in this bachelor thesis research is historical method, which is conducted in following steps: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography, while the technique used is literature study. Based on the study, several conclusions can be drawn. The government of New Order started its governance with economic crisis. To solve it, therefore stabilization and rehabilitation of national economy is needed. Widjojo Nitisastro and B. J. have different background both in terms of their youth life and education. That is what influences the characters and ways of their thinking. Economic principal of Widjojo Nitisastro, which often called as Widjojonomics, exemplifies that modernization of economic system that covers market, fiscal and foreign debt is expected to give birth to a trickle-down effect, which assumes that if the policy is intended to provide benefits for the rich, the poor would also be impacted through the employment expansion, income distribution and market expansion. Economic principal of B.J Habibie, which often called as Habibienomics, is a system of economy that should be developed though the seizure of advanced technology to catch up with developed countries. Indonesia should not only be a state that can only produce goods that have comparative advantages. -
Widjojo's "Invisible Hand"
Economics and Finance in Indonesia Vol. 59 (3), Page 233 - 241 Widjojo's "Invisible Hand" Emil Salim Widjojo Nitisastro revealed for the first time his political economic view, when he unnoticeably reached his 28th birthday in September 23, 1955. He delivered a strong criticism to Wilopo's presentation on "the Interpretation of Article 33 of the Indonesian Constitution" in a debate between former Prime Minister (1952-1953) Wilopo and graduate student Widjojo Nitisastro that took place in a Symposium of University of Indonesia to celebrate the First Lustrum of the Economic Faculty of University of Indonesia, and was focused on the topic of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, stipulating that "the economy is arranged as a joint endeavor based on the principles of family-like mutual cooperation." • 1. UNDERSTANDING WIDJOJO Wilopo has been an influential leader in the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI), who has won the 1955 general election. As one of the outstanding leaders of his party, he has been Minister of Labor (1949-1950), Minister of Economic Affairs (1950-1952) and Prime Minister (1952-1953). As a graduate from the Faculty of Law and Social Science during the Dutch colonial period, Wilopo was considered an "intellectual politician", who was open for rational criticism. Widjojo on the other hand has joint the Indonesian 1945 revolution as member of the "Indonesian Student Army" in the battle of Surabaya (1946). When the physical revolution was over (1949), Widjojo became one of the first students of the newly established Economic Faculty at the University of Indonesia (1950) in Jakarta. He was already recognized as a brilliant student and as young graduate student was chosen by the Dean of the Economic Faculty, Professor Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, to become not only his teaching assistant but also his trusted "deputy" to assist him in "running" the Economic Faculty when he was occupied by his duty as Minister of Trade and Industry (1950- 1951), Minister of Finance (1952-1953 and 1955-1956). -
Indonesian Technocracy in Transition: a Preliminary Analysis*
Indonesian Technocracy in Transition: A Preliminary Analysis* Shiraishi Takashi** Indonesia underwent enormous political and institutional changes in the wake of the 1997–98 economic crisis and the collapse of Soeharto’s authoritarian regime. Yet something curious happened under President Yudhoyono: a politics of economic growth has returned in post-crisis decentralized, democratic Indonesia. The politics of economic growth is politics that transforms political issues of redistribution into problems of output and attempts to neutralize social conflict in favor of a consensus on growth. Under Soeharto, this politics provided ideological legitimation to his authoritarian regime. The new politics of economic growth in post-Soeharto Indo- nesia works differently. Decentralized democracy created a new set of conditions for doing politics: social divisions along ethnic and religious lines are no longer suppressed but are contained locally. A new institutional framework was also cre- ated for the economic policy-making. The 1999 Central Bank Law guarantees the independence of the Bank Indonesia (BI) from the government. The Law on State Finance requires the government to keep the annual budget deficit below 3% of the GDP while also expanding the powers of the Ministry of Finance (MOF) at the expense of National Development Planning Agency. No longer insulated in a state of political demobilization as under Soeharto, Indonesian technocracy depends for its performance on who runs these institutions and the complex political processes that inform their decisions and operations. Keywords: Indonesia, technocrats, technocracy, decentralization, democratization, central bank, Ministry of Finance, National Development Planning Agency At a time when Indonesia is seen as a success story, with its economy growing at 5.9% on average in the post-global financial crisis years of 2009 to 2012 and performing better * I would like to thank Caroline Sy Hau for her insightful comments and suggestions for this article. -
Ali Wardhana
VOLUME XIII / NO. 145 / OKTOBER 2019 ALI WARDHANA Usianya terbilang muda kala beban negara dipercayakan padanya. Warisan persoalan ekonomi menunggu dibereskan. Di tangan Ali dan timnya, hiperinflasi dicundangi, institusi keuangan dibenahi, penerimaan negara dikukuhkan, pun kualitas hidup masyarakat dieskalasi. Kecakapan dan kejujuran nurani jadi modal lima belas tahun mengampu Menteri Keuangan. EDISI KHUSUS VOL. XIII / NO. 133 / OKTOBER 2018 1 ISSN 1907-6320 Daftar Isi Diterbitkan oleh: Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Keuangan. Pelindung: Menteri Keuangan LAPORAN UTAMA Sri Mulyani Indrawati. Pengarah: Wakil Menteri Keuangan Mardiasmo. Penanggung Jawab: 17 Ali Wardhana, 1928 - 2015 Sekretaris Jenderal Kementerian Keuangan Hadiyanto. Pemimpin Umum: Kepala Biro Komunikasi dan Layanan Informasi Nufransa Wira Sakti. Pemimpin Redaksi: 20 Infografis Kabag Manajemen Publikasi, Rahmat Widiana. Redaktur Pelaksana: Yani Kurnia A. Dewan 22 Tuan Pelopor Pembaruan Birokrasi Redaksi: Ferry Gunawan, Dianita Suliastuti, Titi Susanti, Budi Sulistyo, Pilar Wiratoma, 25 Sang Penegak Reformasi Pajak Purwo Widiarto, Muchamad Maltazam, Sri Moeji S, Alit Ayu Meinarsari, Teguh Warsito, Hadi 27 Tegas Tuntas Membenahi Surono, Ali Ridho, Budi Prayitno, Budi Sulistiyo. Tim Redaksi: Farida Rosadi, Reni Saptati D.I, Danik Setyowati, Abdul Aziz, Rostamaji, Adik Tejo Waskito, Arif Nur Rokhman, Ferdian 29 Agar Berkah Minyak Tak Jadi Musibah Jati Permana, Andi Abdurrochim, Muhammad Fabhi Riendi, Leila Rizki Niwanda, Kurnia Fitri 30 Berimbang dahulu, Bertumbuh Anidya, Buana Budianto Putri, Muhammad Irfan, Arimbi Putri, Nur Iman, Berliana, Hega Susilo, Kemudian Ika Luthfi Alzuhri, Agus Tri Hananto, Irfan Bayu Redaktur Foto: Anas Nur Huda, Resha Aditya 34 Penakluk Hiperinflasi Pratama, Fransiscus Edy Santoso, Andi Al Hakim, Muhammad Fath Kathin, Arief Kuswanadji, Intan Nur 37 Vokal di Forum Global Shabrina, Ichsan Atmaja, Megan Nandia, Sugeng Wistriono, Rezky Ramadhani, Arif Taufiq Nugroho. -
Indo 54 0 1106967521 149
F o r t h e S a k e o f D e b t M a n a g e m e n t : How w a s P residential D e c r e e No. 39/1991 D r a f t e d ? The Editors On September 4,1991, President Soeharto issued Presidential Decree No. 39/1991, announcing the formation of the Team for the Coordination of Management of Offshore Commercial Loans (Tim Koordinasi Pengelolaan Pinjaman Komersial Luar Negeri, or Tim PKLN). It consisted of ten ministers and the governor of the Bank of Indonesia and was headed by Coordinating Minister for Economy, Finance, Industry, and Development Super vision, Radius Prawiro. The Team was to coordinate the management of all offshore com mercial loans outside the framework of the IGGI and other official loans, to determine the total amount of offshore commercial loans to be procured from the international capital market in each fiscal year, and to decide the priority order of offshore commercial loans for financing development projects and other purposes.1 In short, the team was created for debt management to bring expanding offshore commercial loans under control. About a month later, on October 12,1991, after the Team met with Soeharto, Coordi nating Minister Radius Prawiro announced that it had set ceilings for offshore commercial borrowing by the Bank of Indonesia, state banks, private banks, state corporations, and private corporations, and that it had decided to approve three out of the seven large projects already in the pipeline for implementation in the 1991/92 fiscal year. -
The Indonesian Economy During the Soeharto Era: a Review
THE INDONESIAN ECONOMY DURING THE SOEHARTO ERA: A REVIEW Peter McCawley Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, College of Asia and the Pacific. Australian National University ABSTRACT At the beginning of the 1970s it was easy to believe that the road ahead for Indonesia was difficult. But as the decade unfolded, the changes across the Indonesian economy, and the sustained growth, surpassed all expectations. Numerous dramatic events seized Indonesian and international attention during the 1970s including corruption issues, the 1972 rice crisis, the Malari riots of early 1974, and the impact of the first oil boom including the Pertamina crisis. Anne Booth and I reviewed these developments in our edited collection of articles on The Indonesian economy during the Soeharto era. Looking back, our edited volume captured the excitement of the 1970s and, perhaps, was rather too cautious in looking towards the further gains that changes in the next few decades would bring to Indonesia. Keywords: Indonesian economy, Soeharto era, Crisis INTRODUCTION Over three decades ago Anne Booth and I cooperated to edit The Indonesian Economy during the Soeharto Era. The collection (Booth and McCawley 1981) was one of the first major surveys of economic developments in Indonesia during the early part of the Orde Baru period. We prepared our edited collection at the end of the 1970s, a decade during which Indonesia experienced both turbulent economic times and much economic progress. As a contribution to recognizing the remarkable contribution that colleague Anne Booth has made towards the study of both the Indonesian economy and global Masyarakat Indonesia, Volume 39, No. -
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chapter 3 Expertise and National Planning Abstract This chapter looks into the development of Indonesia’s postcolonial higher education system and the international technical assistance protocol in developing Indonesia’s new managerial class. It looks into the rapid expansion of higher education and the effort of the Indonesian society to decolonize its education system away from the Dutch model. Because of the swiftness of this process, Indonesianization looked a lot like Americanization. International aid through technical assistance was the primary means through which Western ideas on development planning and expert production through international higher education became cemented. Aid money helped create personal and institutional relationships between Indonesian and American govern- ment institutions and universities. In particular, the relationship between experts like the economist Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, Indonesia’s state planning institution, the faculty of economics of the University of Indonesia and UN and usaid technical experts and Western social scientists from American within mit’s Indonesia Project and others. These forms of transnational relationships legitimized the position of In- donesian planning experts within planning institutions that had strong institution- al relationship with the West. This pattern would continue throughout much of the twentieth century. Keywords Indonesianization of higher education – Americanization – international technical aid – modernization theory – Indonesia project This chapter discusses two developments concerning the post- colonial crea- tion of expertise during the 1950s. The first was the development of higher edu- cation in both quantitative and qualitative terms: this included the expansion of domestic tertiary education and the Americanization of the curriculum and study methods, as well as the introduction of the Guided Study method. -
The Berkeley Mafia and the Indonesian Massacre* ↓ by David Ransom
Space for Notes The Berkeley Mafia and the Indonesian Massacre* ↓ By David Ransom “Indonesia is the best thing that's happened to Uncle Sam since World War ." --a World Bank official Indonesia, which in the past fired the imagination of fortune-hunters and adventurers as the fabled East Indies, was long regarded as "the richest colonial prize in the world." Harking back to such times, Richard Nixon described Indonesia in 1967 as "the greatest prize in the Southeast Asian area." Not too many years earlier, however, the prize had been thought all but lost to the fiery nationalist, Peking-oriented Sukarno and the three million-strong Indonesia Communist Party waiting in the wings. Then in October 1965 an unsuccessful coup and a swift move by Indonesia's generals immobilized the leader and precipitated the largest massacre in modern history, in which from 500,000 to a million unarmed communists and their peasant sympathizers were killed. When the bloodletting was over, the immense nationalist spirit of a decade had vanished, and the Indies' vast natural treasures were opened by the new regime to U.S. oil companies and corporations. To cut the ribbon on the Indonesian side was an extraordinary team of economic ministers known to insiders as "the Berkeley Mafia." Sporting PhDs from the University of California and acting as a closely-knit clique in the councils of power, these men shaped the post-nationalist policies of the new regime. Behind their rise to eminence and power lay a saga of international intellectual intrigue, of philanthropoids and university projects, of student Generals and political Deans, and a sophisticated imperial design beyond Cecil Rhodes's wildest dreams. -
The Origins and Contested Legacy of Indonesia’S Berkeley Mafia
The Origins and Contested Legacy of Indonesia’s Berkeley Mafia, 1955 – 1969 By Barry Thrasher Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts In the Department of History at Brown University Thesis Advisor: Professor Kerry Smith April 6th, 2018 Thrasher ii Acknowledgements I would like to take the time to single out several people whose help made this project possiBle. The order of these acknowledgements does not reflect the degree of importance each person had on the final product - in fact, each one was equally vital to the completion of this thesis. To my advisor, Professor Smith; thank you for the invaluaBle wisdom and insight you Brought to Bear on my writing. I don’t douBt that there were moments you were pulling your hair out, But the care and patience you demonstrated for the Best part of 12 months reflects on your dedication to the craft of history. To my writing group; Grace, Greer, and Katy, thank you for pushing me every week to write, read, and reflect. The quality of your work and the sincerity of your comments motivated me to continually improve my own writing, and I hope I was aBle to help you do the same. Special thanks go to the Brown University History Department and the Southeast Asian Studies Initiative - two organizations on campus that encouraged me to pursue a topic in Indonesian history. Within these organizations I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Pollock, Professor ShiBusawa, Professor Evelyn Hu-DeHart, and Charles Carroll for their constant support and excitement over my topic. -
Proquest Dissertations
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction Is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9* black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI LIBERALIZING NEW ORDER INDONESIA: IDEAS, EPISTEMIC CCMMÜNITY, AND ECONŒIC POLICY CHANGE, 1986-1992 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Rizal Mallarangeng, MA. ***** The Ohio State University 2000 Dissertation Committee: proved by Professor R.