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Syllabus for Dental Anatomy and Dental Histology (I BDS) Dental Anatomy

Sr.No Topic

Must Know Desirable to know 1 Introduction - • Definitions and Nomenclature in Dental Anatomy • Tooth numbering systems • Differences between permanent and deciduous dentition • Definition of elevations and depressions on the tooth • Different Traits 2 Maxillary Incisor - • Introduction • Chronology • morphology • Root morphology • morphology 3 Mandibular Incisor - • Introduction • Chronology • Crown morphology • Root morphology • Pulp morphology 4 Maxillary / Mandibular Canine - • Introduction • Chronology • Crown morphology • Root morphology • Pulp morphology 5 Maxillary Premolar - • Introduction • Chronology • Crown morphology • Root morphology Pulp morphology 6 Mandibular Premolar - • Introduction • Chronology • Crown morphology • Root morphology • Pulp morphology

7 Maxillary molar - • Introduction • Chronology • Crown morphology • Root morphology • Pulp morphology 8 Mandibular molar - • Introduction • Chronology • Crown morphology • Root morphology • Pulp morphology 9 -Applied • Development of occlusion aspects • Concepts • Theories • Keys to occlusion • Teeth & jaw associated factors • Occlusion in dentures

10 Morphology of individual deciduous tooth (suggested)

Dental Histology

Sr.NO Topics Must Know Desirable to know 1 Histotechniques -Special stains • Introduction -Immuno histochemistry • Fixation & enzyme histochemistry • Tissue processing (suggested) • Staining . • Ground section • Special stains • Clinical implications 2 Development of face and oral -Applied aspects cavity(Embryology) • Origin, development and differentiation of facial tissues • Branchial arches • Development of face, Tongue and • Development of , 3 Development of teeth -Molecular aspects of tooth • Dental lamina genesis • Developmental and histophysiological - Applied aspects stages of teeth • Development of root

4 Enamel - Applied aspects • Introduction • Physical and chemical properties • Structures (Enamel rods, lamellae ,tufts, spindles,Hunter Schreger bands, dentino- enamel junction) • Amelogenesis: Life cycle of ameloblast 5 - Applied aspects • Introduction • Physical and chemical properties • Structures • Dentinogenesis • Types of dentin • Theories of Hypersensitivity • Functions 6 Maxilla and Mandible () - Bone morphogenic • Definition and development protein, Bone Remodelling • Anatomy & factor affecting it ,Bone • Classification grafts - Applied aspects • Types of Ossification • Alveolar bone • Histology of bone • Bone morphogenic protein • Bone Remodeling & factors affecting 7 Eruption and shedding -Applied aspects • Theories of eruption • Pre-eruptive,Eruptive and Post-eruptive tooth movement • Definition and Shedding pattern • Histology of shedding • Mechanism of resorption and shedding • Clinical considerations 8 Pulp -Applied aspects • Development, Anatomy and Structure • Histology of pulp • Functions 9 - Applied aspects • Introduction • Physical and chemical properties • Structures • Histology & cementogenesis • Types of cementum, cemento-enamel junctions • Functions 10 Maxillary sinus -Applied aspects • Definition and development • Anatomy • Functions • Histology 11 Salivary glands -Applied aspects • Embryogenesis • Classification • Anatomy of major and minor salivary glands • Histology of major and minor salivary glands • Saliva: Composition,formation and functions of saliva 12 Periodontal ligament -Applied aspects • Development & Classification • Histology: cells and fibres • Functions 13 Oral Mucous Membrane(OMM) -Applied aspects • Definition and classification of OMM • Types of epithelium • Histology of keratinized and non keratinized epithelium • Non-Keratinocytes • Clinical and histological aspects of buccal mucosa,gingiva, palate, floor of the mouth,vermilion border. • Tongue-clinical and histological aspects of papillae and taste buds • Junctional epithelium 14 -Applied aspects • Anatomy • Development • Histology • Clinical considerations 15 Muscle of Mastication -Applied aspects

16 Deglutition -Applied aspects

Oral Pathology

Sr.N Topics o. Must know Desirable to know 1 Developmental Disturbances of oral and • Developmental disturbances paraoral structures of oral lymphoid tissue • Developmental disturbances of hard • Fissural(inclusion)cysts of tissues: oral region -dental arch relations, -disturbances related to - size,shape,number and structure of teeth, -disturbances related to eruption and shedding. • Developmental disturbances of soft tissues: ,palate,,gingival,tongue and salivary glands • Craniofacial anomalies

2 Benign and Malignant tumors of oral cavity • Potentially Malignant Disorders of epithelial tissue origin. -Definitions and nomenclature -Epithelial dysplasia -Lesions and conditions:, ,oral and .

• Benign tumors of epithelial tissue -Squamous acanthoma, origin . , - Squamous papilloma, Oral nevi.

• Malignant tumors of epithelial tissue origin. -Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Definition and -Different histological grading nomenclature,etiopathogenesis, TNM staging systems, ,Broder’s and Bryne’s grading systems. -Histological variants and molecular - biology of squamous cell carcinoma

-Basal cell carcinoma: Definition etiopathogenesis and histopathology -Histological varients -Malignant melanoma: Definition etiopathogenesis and histopathology -Clarks and Breslow system

• Benign and malignant tumors of connective tissue -Fibroblast origin:oral and -Giant cell , fibromatosis,peripheral ossifying fibroma myofibroma,fibromatosis,benign and peripheral giant cell granuloma, pyogenic malignant fibrous histiocytoma granuloma and Fibrosarcoma

-Adipose tissue origin:Lipoma -Lipoblastoma Liposarcoma

-Endothelial origin(blood and -Vascular malformations,sturge lymphatics:Hemangiomas and weber syndrome, angiofibroma. lymphangiomas,Hereditary hemorrhagic hemangioendothelioma,hemangioper telangiactasia,Kaposi’s sarcoma icytoma,

Bone and cartilage: Chondroma,,osteoid -Chondroblastoma and Ewing’s osteoma, benign osteoblastoma,osteosarcoma, sarcoma and mandibularis

-Muscle tissue origin: Leiomyoma.,rhabdom -Angiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma yosarcoma.

-Nerve tissue origin:Traumatic neuroma, -MEN syndrome, malignant nerve neurilemmoma, neurofibroma tumors, granular cell tumor,

- Lymphomas: Definition, classification, differences between Hodgkins and Non- -other varients of lymphomas Hodgkins lymphoma and Burkitts lymphoma

3 • Tumors of salivary glands -,ductal papillomas, cyst -Histogenesis adenomas -Classification. -Benign tumors: pleomophic adenoma,Warthin -other malignant tumors tumor,myoepithelioma -Malignant tumors: ,,polymorphous low grade

4 • Non-neoplastic diseases of salivary -oncocytosis glands -Xerostomia, Sjogren syndrome, Mickuliz syndrome, Sialadenosis, necrotizing sialometaplasia, mucocele and

5 • Odontogenic and Non-Odontogenic - ,residual cysts cyst,glandular , -Definition cysts of maxillary antrum and cysts -Classification of soft tissues. -Lesions: Keraocystic ,, calcifying odontogenic cyst, radicular cyst and dental lamina cyst of new born and eruption cysts Non-Odontogenic cysts: Solitary bone cyst and aneurismal bone cyst

6 • Odontogenic tumors -Odontoameloblastoma -Definition -odontogenic carcinomas, -Classification odontogenic sarcomas -Lesions: Ameloblastoma, Squamous odontogenic tumour, Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour, - Ameloblastic fibroma, fibrodentinoma, Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma, Ameloblastic fibro-, Complex odontoma,Compound odontoma, Ameloblastic carcinoma and malignant ameloblastoma. -Odontogenic fibroma (simple and WHO- type),Odontogenic myxoma or myxofibroma, Benign

7 • Bacterial infections of oral cavity Botromycosis, Tularemia, -Tuberculosis, Syphilis, Diptheria, , Melioidisis, Gonorrhea, Leprosy, ,Tetanus. Rhinoscleroma, Cat-Scratch disease.

8 • Viral infections of oral cavity - -, Herpes zoster, Measles, Rubella, , , Chicken pox, and Oral manifestations of HIV infection.

9 • Mycotic infections of oral cavity -Rhinosporidiasis, -Candidiasis, South American Cryptococcosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Blastomycosis,North American Sporotrichosis Blastomycosis,Mucormycosis 10 • Diseases of the periodontium -Deposits on teeth(Stains,plaque and -Classification calculus),periodontal -Etiopathogenesis abscess,. -Lesions: , ANUG, , , Chronic and . - Trauma from occlusion 11 • Dental caries -Caries activity tests, Immunology of -Definition dental caries, Caries vaccine, -Classification Methods of caries control -Etiopathogenesis,Theories, microbiology of dental caries, histopathology of enamel,dentinal and cemental caries.

12 • Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues -Definition -Classification -aerodontolgia,condensing - Lesions: acute ,chronic pulpitis,chronic osteitis,chronic diffuse sclerosing hyperplastic pulpitis, pulp abscess,pulp Osteomyelitis,florid osseous necrosis,pulp fibrosis,periapical granuloma, dysplasia, sclerotic cemental masses. periapical abscess, -Sequale of pulpitis. - Osteomyelitis: Definition, classification, etiopathogenesis, -Types: Acute and chronic suppurative Osteomyelitis, Garre’s Osteomyelitis.

13 • Spread of oral infection -Cavernous sinus thrombosis, - Focus of infection mechanism and significance of oral -Focal infection foci of infection. -Routes of spread of infection -Space infections: cellulitis, space infections, ludwing’s angina, Maxillary sinusitis, 14 • Physical and chemical injuries to the -Reactions to preparation of teeth for oral tissues restorative procedures, high speed -Traumatic cyst,,tooth ankylosis,linea instrumentation for cavity and crown alba,traumatic ulcerations of oral preparation, restorative materials, mucosa(eosinophilic granuloma),denture sore direct adhesive and non-adhesive mouth, fissuratum,mucocele, , restorations, indirect restorations, sialolithiasis,radiation effects of oral and paraoral bacteria at tooth restoration interface tissues- and microleakage. -Plumbism,mercury poisoning,argyria,effects of -effects of orthodontic tooth tetracycline movement and burns. - nonallergic local reactions to drugs and chemicals -effects of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. 15 • Regressive alterations of the teeth -, reticular atrophy of the -, and erosion pulp. - sclerotic dentin, dead tracts, secondary dentin, pulp calcification, resorption of teeth,, 16 • Healing of oral wounds - Replantation and transplantation of -Factors affecting wound healing teeth -Complications -implants and osseointegrated -Healing of wounds: gingivectomy, implants biopsy,extraction and fracture), -Biopsy techniques, exfoliative cytology 17 • Oral aspects of metabolic diseases - Disturbances of mineral -Classification metabolism(trace elements) -Disturbances of mineral metabolism: calcium -Porphyria and phosphorus-osteoporosis, rickets. Fluoride -Lysosomal storage diseases and fluorosis. - Disturbances of carbohydrate - Disturbances of protein metabolism: marasmus metabolism:mucopolysaccharidosis and kwashiorkor -Vitamin E -Amyloidosis -progeria -Avitaminosis: vitamin A,D,K.C and B-complex - Disturbances of hormonal metabolism: Hypo and hyper pituitarism,Addison’s disease,hypo and hyper parathyroidism,diabetes mellitus 18 • Allergic and immunologic diseases of -Chronic granulomatius the oral cavity disease.midline lethal -Definition and nomenclature granuloma,uveoparotid -Lesions: recurrent aphthous ,reiter’s fever,wegeners syndrome,behcet’s syndrome,contact dermatitis granulomatosis, and stomatitis, sarcoidosis 19 • Diseases of bone and joints - craniofacial dysostosis, -Osteogenesis imperfecta, fibrous dysplasia, mandibulofacial dysostosis, Pierre- , cleidicranial dysplasia,Down’s Robin’s syndrome, apert syndrome syndrome, Pagets disease, Cementoblastoma -Luxation and subluxation,TMJ -Hyper and hypo parathyroidism, rickets syndrome, Langerhans cell -Developmental disturbances of TMJ,: ankylosis, histiocytosis,eosinophilic granuloma rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and Hand-Schuller-Christian disease 20 • Diseases of blood and blood forming -Chediak –Higasi syndrome, organs thrombasthenia, parahemophilia -RBC diseases: -Anemias: iron deficiency anemia and plummer- vinson syndrome, pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, aplastic anemia,erythroblastosis foetalis and polycythemia vera. -WBC diseases: agranulocytosis,, leukocytosis and leucopenia, infectious mononucleosis,leukemias

-Platelet and coagulation diseases: Purpura, thrombocytopenia,hemophilia,von Willebrand’s disease 21 • Diseases of the skin -keratosis follicularis,white sponge -Ectodermal dysplasia, oral lichen planus, nevus,acanthosis nigricans, psoriasis, erhthema multiformae, paraneoplastic pemphigus,Hailey- (bullous, cicatricial), epidermolysis Hailey disease,Ehlers –Danlos bullosa, Lupus erythematosis, systemic sclerosis, syndrome, Goltz’s syndrome Dyskeratosis congenita, 22 • Diseases of nerves and muscles -Spenopalatine neuralgia, -Trigeminal neuralgia, auriculotemporal miscellaneous disturbances of nerves syndrome, Bell’s palsy, burning mouth and muscles syndrome, glossodynia and glossopyrosis, migraine -Classification of diseases of muscles, myasthenia gravis, myositis ossificans 23 • Forensic odontology -Identification in disasters, -Definitions and nomenclature Identification from dental DNA, -Personal identification Dental profiling, sex identification -Dental identification from craniofacial morphology and -Palatal rugae patterns dimensions and by DNA analysis -Age estimation, -Bite marks: classification, appearance, investigations, analysis, comparison and conclusion -Lip prints. 24 • Advanced diagnostic methods(PCR,IHC,Flow cytometry,microarray,tumo r markers)-suggested