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DECEMBER, 1952 1 FIRST PREMIUM QUALITY CIGARETTE TO OFFER BOTH REGULAR & KING-SIZE 2 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAI. published monthly by THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION DECEMBER 1952 Volume 29, Number 12 CONTENTS page 17 RELIGIOUS FAITH IN AMERICAN LIFE THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE by Dean Acheson, Secretary of State ASSOCIATION 19 THOMAS JEFFERSON, FIRST GENERALIST- Honorary President SPECIALIST by Honore M. Catudal DEAN ACHESON, Secretary oj State Honorary Vice-Presidents 21 FOREIGN SERVICE NURSES IN THE FIELD THE UNDERSECRETARY OF STATE by Regis Walther THE ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF STATE THE COUNSELOR 23 FINANCING YOUR CHILD’S COLLEGE EDUCATION JOHN D. HICKERSON, President by George Adams CHARLES E. BOHLEN, Vice-President BARBARA P. CHALMERS, Executive Secretary 25 SIAMESE BOXING by Raymond W. Eiselt board of directors 27 THE CONSUL AND THE COFFIN by Donald H. Robinson TYLER THOMPSON, Chairman V. LANSING COLLINS, JR., Vice-Chairman 52 A MOSCOW FAREWELL EDWARD T. WAILES STEPHEN WINSHIP FRED W. JANDRY, Secretary-Treasurer 57 SERVICE APPEALS LOYALTY CASE Alternates PHILIP W. BONSAL WILSON C. FLAKE departments EDWARD S. MANEY THOMAS F. VALENZA 5 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR MISS MARGARET P. MAYS, Assistant Sec.-Treas. 1 3 TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO by James B. Stewart journal editorial board 28 EDITORIALS AVERY F. PETERSON, Chairman J. GRAHAM PARSONS Telegraph-ese LOUIS J. HALLE, JR. The Kind of People We Are RAY THURSTON CHARLES F. KNOX, JR. 30 SERVICE GLIMPSES EDMUND GULLION RICHARD A. POOLE 32 PRESIDENT’S CHRISTMAS MESSAGE LOIS PERRY JONES, Managing Editor 33 SECRETARY’S CHRISTMAS MESSAGE LEE CLARK, Editorial Assistant GEORGE BUTLER, Business Manager 34 NEWS FROM THE DEPARTMENT (Continued on page 59) 36 NEWS FROM THE FIELD The AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION is an 38 THE BOOKSHELF—Francis C. deWolf, Review Editor unofficial and voluntary association of the members, active and retired, of The Foreign Service of the United States and the Department of State. The As¬ 48 IN MEMORIAM, MARRIAGES sociation was formed for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among members of the Foreign Service 59 BIRTHS and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the 60 FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES improvement of the Service. The FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, is not official and 60 RETIREMENTS AND RESIGNATIONS material appearing herein represents only personal opinions, and is not intended in any way to indicate the official views of the Department of State or of the Foreign Service as a whole. The Editors will consider all articles submitted. If accepted, the author will be paid a minimum of one cent a word on publication. Photographs ac¬ COVER PICTURE: “The Rest on the Flight into Egypt” companying articles will, if accepted, be purchased at one dollar each. Five dollars is paid for cover is by Gerard David, head of the Painters’ Guild at pictures. Reports from the Field, although not paid Bruges. A talented craftsman, who had a workshop for, are eligible for each month’s $15 Story-of-the- for illuminating manuscripts, David also painted Month Contest. many fine altarpieces. This gemlike little panel, painted shortly after 1509, represents both the Flem¬ Copyright, 1952, by the American Foreign Service Association. ish guild’s ideals of craftsmanship and the artist’s Issued monthly at the rate of $4.00 a year, 40 cents abilities at their best. “The Rest on the Flight into a copy, by the American Foreign Service Association, Egypt” is part of the Mellon Collection at the Na¬ 1908 G Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office in Washington, tional Gallery of Art in Washington. R.S.S. D. C., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Printed in U.S.A. by Monumental Printing Com¬ pany, Baltimore. OUT OF DARKNESS.. The story of printing begins in China, soon after the Chinese discovered the secret of paper- making in 105 A.D. But movable type, the one thing needed to make printing ‘‘a living record of all arts,” did not appear in Europe until the 15th Century. This invention is credited to Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, and to him goes the honor of turning the darkness of the Middle Ages into light. Around 1440 Gutenberg, using movable type, created the metal casting mold and by adapting the design of an old book-binding clamp, devised the first printing press in the world. From Germany the art of printing spread rapidly to other countries but it was not until 1812 that Frederich Koenig succeeded in building the first practical power- driven press. The Times of London acquired two of Koenig’s revolving cylinder presses and the issue of November 2, 1814 proudly stated: “printed by steam power.” These machines produced 1,100 impressions per hour and were the forerunners of today’s multiple-unit presses — one single unit of which could stamp the 1814 issue of The Times at the rate of 340,000 impressions per hour. Reconstruction of the Gutenberg Press Photo, courtesy Gutenberg Museum, Mainz—Germany man’s achievements... through printing and petroleum Printing links the civilized world, re¬ nance of all printing equipment. And cording the past and paving the way solvents, derived from petroleum, are for the future. Every step of progress also needed to clean type faces and has been made possible through print¬ printing rolls. ing and printing ink — and petroleum With these and many other petro¬ is the raw material that accounts for leum products ESSO makes countless more than half the world’s ink pro¬ contributions to the advancement of duction. the graphic arts — contributions that In the form of lubricants and enlarge our activities and improve our greases, petroleum assures the mainte- standard of living. PETROLEUM HELPS TO BUILD A BETTER LIFE 4 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Pseudonyms may be used only if your letter includes your correct name and address. AMERICAN EASTERN MORE FREEDOM OF THE SEAS Beirut, Lebanon October, 1952 To the Editors, AFTER OVER TWENTY YEARS FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL: EXPERIENCE IN THE NEAR AND As an old subscriber to the JOURNAL I want to send my MIDDLE EAST IN TRADE, SHIP¬ long overdue compliments to the entire staff for the im¬ provements that have been made in the last couple of years PING AND DEVELOPMENT, HAS from every side. It’s especially welcome to see the articles EXPANDED INTO EUROPE. becoming so diverse and readable and to see the editorials and general policy taking a trend towards outspoken advo¬ cacy of various causes which, although dear to the hearts of all members of the Service, have often suffered from not being voiced. I am thinking of the publication of John Service’s reports from China and other items such as the attack on the mural painting in the New State entrance. Most immediately I wish to applaud the two editorials in the September, 1952 issue on the Library and the Freedom NEW YORK OFFICE of the Seas. 30 ROCKEFELLER PLAZA You people in Washington certainly know all about the CIRCLE 6-0333 background of the latest restrictions placed on ocean travel, particularly the cut in per diem which is designed to penalize the Foreign Service voyager by causing him to incur out | of pocket expenses in connection with official travel if he elects or insists on traveling by sea. As a working member of the Service I certainly feel that | it is inequitable for the Department to penalize any member of the Service for exercising his legal option to travel by surface instead of by air. There is no statutory basis or requirement that change of station be by air and I am cer¬ tain that the practical difficulties of transferring by air are such that Congress would never make it mandatory. This leaves out of consideration the fact that ship owners would certainly lobby against any such law. In the absence of a law, it certainly appears improper for the Department to adopt a policy of harassing old or new employees into air A NAME OF travel. From personal observation and talking with em¬ ployees who have recently been transferred, I feel that the word “harassing” is a fair term to describe the Department’s present attitude when an employee new or old indicates that he prefers to travel by ship. Friendly hospitality awaits Foreign Service men and their families at this distinguished hotel in the na¬ There is another practical consideration which does not tion’s capital. Its central location is convenient to the seem to be fully understood by persons who have devised White House, embassies and government buildings. Famous for luxurious comfort, fine food and service. the present policies but who are not subject to them. This The Mayflower is the residence of many noted person¬ is the simple fact that in most cases a person who transfers ages .. the scene of internationally-important events by air will arrive at his new post just that much longer and the favorite meeting place of society.