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The Serrated Silver Coinage of Carthage
The serrated silver coinage of Carthage Autor(en): Visonà, Paolo Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Schweizerische numismatische Rundschau = Revue suisse de numismatique = Rivista svizzera di numismatica Band (Jahr): 86 (2007) PDF erstellt am: 11.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-178709 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch PAOLO VISONÀ THE SERRATED SILVER COINAGE OF CARTHAGE* Plates 5-7 1. INTRODUCTION Serrated silver coinscomprise a distinctive group of Carthaginian issues in precious metal, consisting of reduced shekels and double-shekels, that have not yet been fully studied.1 Even after G.K. Jenkins and R.B. -
The Apologetics of Tertullian by John
Identity and Religion in Roman North Africa: the apologetics of Tertullian by John Elmer P. Abad A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy Graduate Department of Classics University of Toronto @ copyright by John Elmer Abad (2018) John Elmer Abad Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Toronto 2018 Abstract This dissertation examines the strategies employed by Tertullian in the construction and articulation of Christian identity in the pluralistic Roman North African society. The focus will be the apologetic works of Tertullian, the Ad Martyras, the Ad Nationes and the Apologeticum written around 197 A.D. Popular biases against Christians, the Romanizing tendencies of local elites in North Africa, the marginalization of sub-elites, the influence of cultural and intellectual revolution known as the Second Sophistic Movement, and the political ideologies and propaganda of emperor Septimius Severus – all these influenced Tertullian’s attempt to construct and articulate a Christian identity capable of engaging the ever changing socio- political landscape of North African at the dawn of the third century A.D. I shall examine select areas in antiquity where identities were explored, contested and projected namely, socio- cultural, religious, and political. I have identified four spheres which I refer to as “sites” of identity construction, namely paideia, the individual, community and “religion”. Chapter One provides a brief survey of the various contexts of Tertullian’s literary production. It includes a short description of the socio-political landscape during the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus, a brief history of Christianity in Roman North Africa, an introduction to the person of Tertullian, and his place within the “apologetic” tradition. -
Les Échanges Commerciaux Entre La Côte Méditerranéenne Et À L’Intérieur Du Maghreb Au Iie Siècle Vus Au Travers Du Tarif Zaraï
Les échanges commerciaux entre la côte méditerranéenne et à l’intérieur du Maghreb au IIe siècle vus au travers du tarif Zaraï Pierre MORIZOT Chercheur libre, diplomate retraité Le document lapidaire connu sous le nom de Tarif de Zaraï a été découvert au siècle dernier dans le village de Zraia (Algérie) lors de la construction d’un moulin. Publié en 1858 par Léon Renier, repris pour l’essentiel par Mommsen dans le CIL VIII, 5408, retouché par Dessau et Cagnat dans le supplément du Corpus pour la Numidie sous le n°18643, il a fait depuis l’objet de nombreux commentaires1. Zraia est situé à environ 120 kilomètres de la Méditerranée (fig.1) dans une sorte de goulot d’étranglement qui commande l’une des voies de passage les plus fréquentées entre les Hautes Plaines constantinoises et les steppes semi-arides du Hodna (fig.2). Alors que la pluviométrie dans les Hautes Plaines est de l’ordre de 400 à 500 mm annuels, elle n’est plus que de 200 à 300 mm dans le bassin du Hodna (fig.3). Il s’ensuit que Zraia et ses abords sont une étape essentielle sur la grande voie de transhumance qu’empruntent les pasteurs nomades ou semi-nomades du Sud lorsque leurs pâturages sont épuisés pour passer l’été dans le Nord plus accueillant. Ce phénomène, qui dans un passé récent intéressait 300.000 têtes de bétail2 pour la seule région concernée (fig.4), est l’achaba, et nous savons par les historiens antiques tels que Hérodote3 et Strabon4 que de tels mouvements saisonniers existaient déjà dans l’Antiquité en diverses régions d’Afrique du Nord. -
Der Hellenismus
Τ STUDIA H I S O R I C A 3 DER HELLENISMUS IN KLEINAFRIKA Ν DER GRIECHISCHE KULTUREINFLUSS IN DE ΝΖΕΝ RÖMISCHEN ΡROVI NORDWESTAFRIKAS νοκ WALTER THIELING D8 ρΗΙΙι EDIZIONE ANASTATICA "L'ERMA" dí BRETSCIINEIDER - ROMA 1964 HERRN PROFESSOR DR B. KEIL 11 DANKBARER VERERRTJIG ZIIGEEIGNET VORWORT. Die Tatsache des griechischen Kultureinflusses in den romische πΡ: Provinzen Nordwestafrikas en sich ist mehrfach in der modernen Literatur über die nordafrikanischen Linder gestreift worden. Bisher fehlte jedoch eine zusammenbiegende Betrachtung dieses Problems. Ein Versuch, diese Lücke auszufüllen, ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit. Sie baut sich im wesentlichen auf das Materi al der Inschril%en Nordwestafrikas auf, von denen ich ausging. Da die Abschnitte über die Literatur und Archiologie lediglich als absehlieBender Rahmen für das Gesamtbild gedacht sind, habe ich dort auf eingehende eigene Untersuchungen verzichtet und mich im wesentlichen auf die vor- handene oder erreichbare Literatur besebrinkt. Scheinbar berührt sich diese Arbeit in einigen Punkten sprach- licher Untersuchung mit dem Buche von L. Bertholon „Origine et Ε. formation de la langue berbère ( Paris 1907, Leroux)" als zweiter Teil von „Les premiers colons de souche européenne dans l'Afrique du Nord." Aber das Ergebnis Bertholons klingt jedem Fachmanne unglaublich. Der heutige libysch-berbische Dialekt, der im wesent- δ lichen dem der r mischen Kaiserzeit noch entspricht, lißt sich nach ο ο Berth l n als urgriechischer, phrygischer Dialekt nachweisen. Darauf wird die Theorie von einer Ureinwanderueg giiechiseh-phrygischer Stimme nach Nordafrika gegründet und deren Dialekte ein Einfluß auf die Grazisierung der lateinischen Sprache in der Provinz zu- gewiesen. Diese Auffassung wird aber hinfällig, sobald wir erkennen, seit wann sich griechischer KultureinfluB in Nordwestafrika bemerk- bar macht, und auf welche Kreise er sich vorzugsweise erstreckte. -
Plinius Senior Naturalis Historia Liber V
PLINIUS SENIOR NATURALIS HISTORIA LIBER V 1 Africam Graeci Libyam appellavere et mare ante eam Libycum; Aegyptio finitur, nec alia pars terrarum pauciores recipit sinus, longe ab occidente litorum obliquo spatio. populorum eius oppidorumque nomina vel maxime sunt ineffabilia praeterquam ipsorum linguis, et alias castella ferme inhabitant. 2 Principio terrarum Mauretaniae appellantur, usque ad C. Caesarem Germanici filium regna, saevitia eius in duas divisae provincias. promunturium oceani extumum Ampelusia nominatur a Graecis. oppida fuere Lissa et Cottae ultra columnas Herculis, nunc est Tingi, quondam ab Antaeo conditum, postea a Claudio Caesare, cum coloniam faceret, appellatum Traducta Iulia. abest a Baelone oppido Baeticae proximo traiectu XXX. ab eo XXV in ora oceani colonia Augusti Iulia Constantia Zulil, regum dicioni exempta et iura in Baeticam petere iussa. ab ea XXXV colonia a Claudio Caesare facta Lixos, vel fabulosissime antiquis narrata: 3 ibi regia Antaei certamenque cum Hercule et Hesperidum horti. adfunditur autem aestuarium e mari flexuoso meatu, in quo dracones custodiae instar fuisse nunc interpretantur. amplectitur intra se insulam, quam solam e vicino tractu aliquanto excelsiore non tamen aestus maris inundant. exstat in ea et ara Herculis nec praeter oleastros aliud ex narrato illo aurifero nemore. 4 minus profecto mirentur portentosa Graeciae mendacia de his et amne Lixo prodita qui cogitent nostros nuperque paulo minus monstrifica quaedam de iisdem tradidisse, praevalidam hanc urbem maioremque Magna Carthagine, praeterea ex adverso eius sitam et prope inmenso tractu ab Tingi, quaeque alia Cornelius Nepos avidissime credidit. 5 ab Lixo XL in mediterraneo altera Augusta colonia est Babba, Iulia Campestris appellata, et tertia Banasa LXXV p., Valentia cognominata. -
Reflecting on the Theory and Practice of Mosaic Conservation
Cyan Magenta Yellow Black PART TWO Caring for Mosaics in Museums TJ14-3-2008 PO(Sam) GCI W:9” X H:11” 200L 115g EX Gold East M/A Magenta(S) EX Gold East M/A 115g 200L X H:11” TJ14-3-2008 PO(Sam) GCI W:9” 67 TJ14-3 P067-120 200L CTP.indd 67 3/3/08 11:28:32 AAMM Cyan Magenta Yellow Black TJ14-3-2008 PO(Sam) GCI W:9” X H:11” 200L 115g EX Gold East M/A Magenta(S) EX Gold East M/A 115g 200L X H:11” TJ14-3-2008 PO(Sam) GCI W:9” 68 68 TJ14-3 P067-120 200L CTP.indd 68 3/3/08 11:28:34 AAMM Cyan Magenta Yellow Black Conservation et restauration des mosaïques romaines au Portugal – Quelques exemples dans les collections de musées Maria de Fátima Abraços Résumé : Étant donné qu’il n’existe aucun relevé complet des Distribuição dos fragmentos de mosaïques fi gurant dans les collections des musées du Portugal, mosaico nas colecções de Museus nous avons décidé de procéder à ce travail pour quantifi er et 300 caractériser leur état de conservation. Nous avons choisi de 256 présenter dans ce colloque quelques-unes des mosaïques de la 250 collection de deux musées : le Musée National d’Archéologie, 200 N˚de Museus fondé en 1893, qui, du fait de son ancienneté, abrite le plus 150 114 N˚de Fragmentos grand nombre de mosaïques, et le Musée Régional d’Archéo- 100 logie D. Diogo de Sousa à Braga, créé en 1918 mais ultérieure- 53 50 ment installé dans un nouveau bâtiment dont la construction 19 6 10 0 a débuté en 1991. -
The Real Life Behind the Shield 3
08.2021 Gladiators THE REAL LIFE BEHIND THE SHIELD 3 1 2 Driving discovery further than ever before. National Geographic and Hyundai have teamed up to bring you Outside Academy–an immersive augmented reality (AR) adventure offering in-depth educational experiences from America’s national parks. Visit Yosemite National Park and activate AR hotspots throughout the park on Instagram, or bring the park to you with AR Anywhere. And now, the first-ever TUCSON Plug-in Hybrid takes your sense of discovery further in style, all while keeping in harmony with the environment around you. Reimagining how far your mind will take you, it’s your journey in the first-ever TUCSON Plug-in Hybrid. 1 Unlock the secrets of Yosemite at Yosemite Falls. 2 Learn about the park’s wonders from Tunnel View. 3 Tap to place a bighorn sheep in any meadow. Visit Yosemite Find @NatGeo Search for National Park. on Instagram. the effects. FURTHER AUGUST 2021 On the Cover CONTENTS Ready for combat, a heavily armed Thraex gladiator holds up his shield and sica, a short sword with a curved blade, in the amphitheater at Pompeii. FERNANDO G. BAPTISTA PROOF 1EXPL5ORE THE BIG IDEA The Dog (et al.) Days If we love holidays and we love animals, it’s no surprise that we’d love animal- themed holidays. BY OLIVER WHANG INNOVATOR 28 The ‘Gardening’ Tapir DECODER This animal is key to Space Hurricane reviving Brazil’s wet- A vortex of plasma lands after wildfires, spins up to 31,000 says conservation ecol- miles above Earth. ogist Patrícia Medici. -
The Expansion of Christianity: a Gazetteer of Its First Three Centuries
THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY SUPPLEMENTS TO VIGILIAE CHRISTIANAE Formerly Philosophia Patrum TEXTS AND STUDIES OF EARLY CHRISTIAN LIFE AND LANGUAGE EDITORS J. DEN BOEFT — J. VAN OORT — W.L. PETERSEN D.T. RUNIA — C. SCHOLTEN — J.C.M. VAN WINDEN VOLUME LXIX THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY A GAZETTEER OF ITS FIRST THREE CENTURIES BY RODERIC L. MULLEN BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mullen, Roderic L. The expansion of Christianity : a gazetteer of its first three centuries / Roderic L. Mullen. p. cm. — (Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, ISSN 0920-623X ; v. 69) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-13135-3 (alk. paper) 1. Church history—Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600. I. Title. II. Series. BR165.M96 2003 270.1—dc22 2003065171 ISSN 0920-623X ISBN 90 04 13135 3 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands For Anya This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................ ix Introduction ................................................................................ 1 PART ONE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES IN ASIA BEFORE 325 C.E. Palestine ..................................................................................... -
The History and Description of Africa and of the Notable Things Therein Contained, Vol
The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.nuhmafricanus3 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 Alternative title The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained Author/Creator Leo Africanus Contributor Pory, John (tr.), Brown, Robert (ed.) Date 1896 Resource type Books Language English, Italian Subject Coverage (spatial) Northern Swahili Coast;Middle Niger, Mali, Timbucktu, Southern Swahili Coast Source Northwestern University Libraries, G161 .H2 Description Written by al-Hassan ibn-Mohammed al-Wezaz al-Fasi, a Muslim, baptised as Giovanni Leone, but better known as Leo Africanus. -
Reexaming Heresy: the Donatists
Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II Volume 11 Article 9 2006 Reexaming Heresy: The onD atists Emily C. Elrod Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Elrod, Emily C. (2006) "Reexaming Heresy: The onD atists," Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II: Vol. 11 , Article 9. Available at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives/vol11/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Elrod: Reexaming Heresy 42 Historical Perspectives March 2006 Reexamining Heresy 43 Reexamining Heresy: The Donatists sure to bear upon the clergy,” so as “to render the laity leaderless, and . bring about general apostasy.”5 The clergy were to hand over Scriptures to the authori- Emily C. Elrod ties to be burnt, an act of desecration that became On the first day of June in A.D. 411, Carthage, two known by the Donatists as the sin of traditio. Bishops hostile groups of Christians faced off in the summer who committed this sin had no spiritual power and heat to settle their differences. They met at the mas- 1 became known as traditores; Mensurius, the Bishop of sive Baths of Gargilius (Thermae Gargilianiae). On Carthage who died in 311, stood accused of traditio. -
Thesis-1980-E93l.Pdf
LAMBAESIS TO THE REIGN OF HADRIAN By DIANE MARIE HOPPER EVERMAN " Bachelor of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma December, 1977 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS July 25, 1980 -n , ,111e.5J s LAMBAESIS TO THE REIGN OF HADRIAN Thesis Approved: Dean of the Graduate College ii 10S2909 PREFACE Lambaesis was a Roman Imperial military fortress in North Africa in the modern-day nation of Algeria. Rome originally acquired the territory as a result of the defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars. Expansion of territory and settlement of surplus population were two ideas behind its Romanization. However, North Africa's greatest asset for becoming a province was its large yield of grain. This province furnished most of the wheat for the empire. If something happened to hinder its annual production level then Rome and its provinces would face famine. Unlike most instances of acquiring territory Rome did not try to assimilate the native transhumant population. Instead these inhabitants held on to their ancestral lands until they were forcibly removed. This territory was the most agriculturally productive; unfortunately, it was also the area of seasonal migration for the native people. Lambaesis is important in this scheme because it was the base of the solitary legion in North Africa, the III Legio Augusta. After beginning in the eastern section of the province just north of the Aures Mountains the legion gradually moved west leaving a peaceful area behind. The site of Lambaesis was the III Legio Augusta's westernmost fortress. -
The Sand Filterers
1 The sand filterers Majnoun, the passionate lover of Leila, wandering in the desert, was seen one day filtering sand in his hands. “What are you looking for?” He was asked. “I am looking for Leila.” “How can you expect to find such a pure pearl like Leila in this dust?” “I look for Leila everywhere”, replied Majnoun, “hoping to find her one day, somewhere.” Farid Eddin Attar, as reported by Emile Dermenghem, Spiritual Masters’ Collection. 2 Introduction Whatever judgment passed in the future on Mostefa Ben Boulaid, Bachir Chihani or Adjel Adjoul, a place in the mythical Algerian revolution will be devoted to them. Many controversies will arise concerning the nature of this place. As for me, I only hope to be faithful to their truth. To achieve this, I think time has come to unveil the history of the Aures- Nememcha insurrection and rid it of its slag, reaching deep in its genuine reality which makes it fascinating. The events told here go from November 1st, 1954 to June 1959. They depict rather normal facts, sometimes mean, often grandiose, and men who discover their humanity and whose everyday life in the bush is scrutinized as if by a scanner. As it is known, it is not easy to revive part of contemporary History, particularly the one concerning the Aures Nememcha insurrection of November 1954. I have started gleaning testimonies in 1969, leaving aside those dealing with propaganda or exonerating partiality. I have confronted facts and witnesses, through an unyielding search for truth, bearing in mind that each witness, consciously or not, is victim of his own implication.