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Armed Forces for 2020 and Beyond – Roles|Tasks|Expectations” Opened the Door for a Broad Thematic Approach

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Armed Forces for 2020 and Beyond – Roles|Tasks|Expectations” Opened the Door for a Broad Thematic Approach Band 27 / 2015 Band 27 / 2015 The title “Armed Forces for 2020 and beyond – Roles|Tasks|Expectations” opened the door for a broad thematic approach. This volume is the compi- lation of the broad range of papers presented during this conference in Vienna. Selected papers offer spe- Armed Forces for cialized views on the overall topic, mirroring the nine ISMS working groups. Scholars, professors and resear- 2020 and beyond chers form various backgrounds and areas of experti- se present their research results on actual subtopics. Roles | Tasks | Expectations Observations on future forces in Europe as well as an outlook on EU’s tools and areas of improvement in the Common Security and Defence Policy give the thematic frame to this volume. Armed Forces for 2020 and beyond 2020 and for Forces Armed ISBN: 978-3-902944-82-5 Walter Feichtinger and Benedikt Hensellek (Eds.) 27/15 Schriftenreihe der Feichtinger, Hensellek (Eds.) Hensellek Feichtinger, Landesverteidigungsakademie Schriftenreihe der Landesverteidigungsakademie Walter Feichtinger and Benedikt Hensellek (Eds.) Armed Forces for 2020 and beyond Roles | Tasks | Expectations 27/2015 Wien, März 2016 Impressum: Medieninhaber, Herausgeber, Hersteller: Republik Österreich / Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung und Sport Rossauer Lände 1 1090 Wien Redaktion: Landesverteidigungsakademie Kommando Stiftgasse 2a 1070 Wien Schriftenreihe der Landesverteidigungsakademie Copyright: © Republik Österreich / Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung und Sport Alle Rechte vorbehalten März 2016 ISBN 978-3-902944-82-5 Druck: HDruckZ-ASt Stift xxxx/16 Stiftgasse 2a 1070 Wien Table of Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................ 5 Abstract................................................................................................................... 7 Post-Neutral States and the European Future Force....................................... 9 Julian Lindley-French Part 1: War Studies ...........................................................................................13 The Phenomenon of the Frozen Conflict over Transnistria and its Impact on the Security of Central-Eastern Europe .......................................15 Kamila Węderska Ambush in Now Zad: A Snapshot of Fighting the Taliban in Afghanistan........................................................................................25 Shaun Allan and Neil Busby Militarization of Border Control – Why Not? ................................................35 Markus Heiskanen Part 2: Military Technology ...........................................................................53 The military potential of unmanned cargo aircraft.........................................55 Hans Heerkens, Frank Tempelman Unmanned Aircraft Systems against Air Threats: The Semi-Direct Control System......................................................................73 Frank Tempelman, Hans Heerkens Part 3: Leadership, Command and Control and Basic Competences .................................................................................87 Situational Awareness and its Impact on Crisis-Induced Action: the Norwegian 22/7 Case ..................................................................................89 Dan Hansén, Martin Holmberg & Christian Uhr Part 4: Law and Ethics ..................................................................................105 The Commander-in-Chief in legal system of the Republic of Poland ......107 Malwina Ewa Kołodziejczak 3 Part 5: Security and Defence Policy and Strategy .................................123 Globalisation’s Impact on Navies in the Asia-Pacific: From the Modern to the Postmodern to the “Quantumodern”................125 Chang Jun Yan Part 6: Armed Forces and Society ..............................................................145 Austria’s National Security Strategy: Reflections on the Concept and Notion of Security .............................................................................................147 Franz Kernic NATO Response Forces in Crisis Management...........................................159 Marta Osypowicz Part 7: Defence Management and Economics .......................................171 Chances, Limits and Risks when Including Economics into Security and Defense Management .......................................................................................173 Markus Maruszczak and Johannes Weber Private Military Security Contractors: Responsible Outsourcing of Security Tasks to the Private Sector................................................................193 Christopher Hochmuth Part 8: Military Education ............................................................................213 Civic Education in Armed Forces by the Example of Austria ...................215 Christian Krammer Irritants to Pearls: Military Education, Epistemic Communities, Communities of Practice and Networks of Learning...................................231 David Last Feedback Evaluation as a Part of Lifelong Education Strategy in FNDU.............................................................................................................255 Juha-Matti Lehtonen, Antti J. Rissanen Learning for War: Militaries as Learning Organizations..............................275 Randall Wakelam Concluding Keynote Address..........................................................................289 Wolfgang Wosolsobe Authors and Editors..........................................................................................303 4 Foreword In 2014 the Austrian National Defence had the honour to host the Annual Conference of the International Society of Military Sciences (ISMS) in Vi- enna. The general theme of the conference was “Armed Forces for 2020 and beyond. Roles | Tasks | Expectations”. More than 120 participants with scientific and/or military background from over 20 countries partici- pated in this outstanding event in order to tackle the topic from different views, standpoints and academic disciplines. Top level representatives from the EU, the Austrian Ministry of Defence and Sports and the international academic community provided inspiring input to the conference fuelling the discussions. This volume contains papers that were presented and discussed during the conference. The articles were also reviewed by the chair persons of the different working groups. A single glance at the titles of the articles offers great insight on the wide variety of topics and approaches to the general theme. You can find considerations on the Militarization of Border Control , experiences about the Hardness of integrating UAVs in selected countries, the presentation of A Meta Risk Model for Supporting Interactive Decision Making in Situation Awareness Centers, as well as Pedagogical Challenges and Benefits by using Laptops in Social Science Lectures . On the one hand, the broad span of issues indicates how manifold security related topics nowadays are. On the other hand, it depicts the multifaceted expectations towards armed forces in the foreseeable future and what they should be prepared for. In this regard the publication also underpins the unique selling preposition of ISMS by providing a platform for academic professionals from the security and military field. All annual conferences open the door to serious intellectual discourse and exchange, while simul- taneously providing a platform to build individual networks. At the beginning of 2015 the Austrian National Defence Academy and ISMS already published a collection of all abstracts that were submitted and presented during the conference. In addition, all contacts related to the presenters were offered. This volume is a selection of full papers and to a certain extent it also concludes the Austrian presidency of ISMS in 2014. 5 Allow me to use this opportunity to wish ISMS and all its representatives and contributors all the best for the future – for the benefit of military sci- ence and all related aspects. Dr. Walter Feichtinger, BG ISMS Council Austrian National Defence Academy 6 Abstract The title of the International Society of Military Sciences’ (ISMS) Annual Conference 2014, “Armed Forces for 2020 and beyond – Roles | Tasks | Expectations”, opened the door for a broad thematic approach. By raising the question of future requirements and the possible role of armed forces, it tried to identify the security policy environment for future operations and missions. Cooperation on a multinational level between nations as well as international organisations is a precondition and a challenge for successful engagements in future missions. This volume is the compilation of the broad range of papers presented during this conference in Vienna. Selected papers offer specialized views on the overall topic, mirroring the nine ISMS working groups. Scholars, professors and researchers form various backgrounds and areas of exper- tise present their research results on actual subtopics. Observations on fu- ture forces in Europe as well as an outlook on EU’s tools and areas of im- provement in the Common Security and Defence Policy give the thematic frame to this volume. 7 Post-Neutral States and the European Future Force Julian Lindley-French There is a big question that hangs around European military headquarters these days like Banquo’s Ghost in Shakespeare’s Macbeth; Just what is ‘big’ and what is ‘small’? Set against the enormous and rapid shifts in the global military balance of power
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