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a 7.90 D 14974 E D European & Security ES & Defence 6/2019 International Security and Defence Journal COUNTRY FOCUS: AUSTRIA ISSN 1617-7983 • Heavy Lift Helicopters • Russian Nuclear Strategy • UAS for Reconnaissance and • NATO Military Engineering CoE Surveillance www.euro-sd.com • Airborne Early Warning • • Royal Norwegian Navy • Brazilian Army • UAS Detection • Cockpit Technology • Swiss “Air2030” Programme Developments • CBRN Decontamination June 2019 • CASEVAC/MEDEVAC Aircraft • Serbian Defence Exports Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology ANYTHING. In operations, the Eurofighter Typhoon is the proven choice of Air Forces. Unparalleled reliability and a continuous capability evolution across all domains mean that the Eurofighter Typhoon will play a vital role for decades to come. Air dominance. We make it fly. airbus.com Editorial Europe Needs More Pragmatism The elections to the European Parliament in May were beset with more paradoxes than they have ever been. The strongest party which will take its seats in the plenary chambers in Brus- sels (and, as an expensive anachronism, also in Strasbourg), albeit only for a brief period, is the Brexit Party, with 29 seats, whose programme is implicit in their name. Although EU institutions across the entire continent are challenged in terms of their public acceptance, in many countries the election has been fought with a very great deal of emotion, as if the day of reckoning is dawning, on which decisions will be All or Nothing. Some have raised concerns about the prosperous “European Project”, which they see as in dire need of rescue from malevolent sceptics. Others have painted an image of the decline of the West, which would inevitably come about if Brussels were to be allowed to continue on its present course. Either way, the more "Europe" was discussed - even if only niggles - and the more the parties tried to explain to their constituents what their actual vision for the continent is, at the end of the day voters still voted on the basis of their national prospects. What happens in distant Brussels is something they can hardly take seriously. Conversely, people know exactly what impression parties running for election in their own countries want to convey, as their solutions to the people's "problems". This explains why the Greens fell short in exactly that country where the "Fridays for the Future" campaign of young cli- mate activists started, while in other countries they clearly gained ground; why right-wing populists scored points in Italy and Hungary, but stagnated in Germany and lost ground in Austria; why the Social Democrats triumphed in the Netherlands but faced defeat elsewhere – the list of conspicuous points goes on and on. What has been seen as a European trend is not, therefore, something which is of uniform significance in all the EU Member States. Rather, it is a summation of the election results of all the Member States. A fundamental change in the party system, its pluralisation, the coming to the fore of protest movements, which sometimes rapidly recede, but which sometimes also become established, are things we have been seeing for some considerable time. In more than a few countries it is increasingly difficult to find stable parliamentary majorities, able to pursue a coherent governmental policy – preferably even beyond more than one legislative period. Since time immemorial, the plethora of parties present in the European Parliament has been substantially greater than at national levels, not least because some states which otherwise apply majority voting law (such as France and the UK), allow proportional representation at the European level, while Germany does not apply the five percent threshold that applies in national elections. Historically this fragmention was not worrying because two fractions, the European People’s Party and the Social Democrats, heterogeneous as they were in themselves, did at least together constitute a majority. This is now no longer the case. But this development is not really all that dramatic. Unlike the situation in national representa- tions, in the European Parliament there are no government and opposition fractions confront- ing each other. Shifting majorities are commonplace, and the assembly's influence continues to be severely restricted, even if nowadays it is integrated into a considerable number of areas of European legislature, undertakes supervisory and monitoring tasks, and has a significant voice in the composition of the European Commission. But overall, the role of the European Parlia- ment is too weak to reject the accusation that the European Union is lacking in democratic legitimisation. Instead, it is displaying to all and sundry that it is not possible to practise repre- sentative democracy at the European level; that is to say, it is not possible to implement the will of the citizens in the decision-making process. This is something which only the national parlia- ments can do (and nowadays only with a great deal of effort). The foundations of the EU still remain the nation states. As a supranational organisation, it cannot be further developed in the direction of a federal state without encountering prob- lems which it is not able to solve. Whoever tries to pursue this aim will lose public support, and, above all, will waste time doing those things which, pragmatically, can be created from and by the EU. It may be that in pursuing a more pragmatic course Europe will not become the "global player" that some would like to see, but that is not at all something for which the world is waiting, or that it needs. The actual aims of offering European citizens peace, stability, and welfare, would in no way be compromised by harking back to the original principles of the European unifica- tion process. Peter Bossdorf 6/2019 · European Security & Defence 1 Contents 70 CASEVAC/MEDEVAC Aircraft: SECURITY POLICY Current and Pending Systems 14 Relations between Iran and Syria Sidney E. Dean A Marriage of Convenience or an Axis of Resistance? 78 “PESCO was a major step.” Andreea Stoian Karadeli Interview with Raimo Jyväsjärvi, National Armaments 20 Russian Nuclear Strategy after the INF Treaty Director at the Ministry of Defence of Finland Stephen Blank 79 UAS for Reconnaissance and Surveillance Sidney E. Dean “Greece spends more than 2% on defence.” COUNTRY FOCUS: AUSTRIA 87 Interview with Vice Admiral H.N. (Rtd) Kyriakos Kyriakidis, 27 The Austrian Federal Army: Back to the Start? National Armaments Director of the Ministry of Defence A Last-Minute Comment on the Current Political of Greece Turmoil in Vienna 88 CHINOOK or KING STALLION? Georg Mader Heavy Lift Helicopter Alternatives for Europe 30 “With 0.5% of GDP, we cannot even achieve Georg Mader rudimentary military defence.” 94 Airborne Early Warning: Interview with General Robert Brieger, Watching the Noisy Neighbours Austrian Head of the Defence Staff Alan Warnes 36 The World Market Leader in Niches 98 “Belgium needed to invest in new major Georg Mader equipment to be prepared for the future.” Interview with Lieutenant General Rudy Debaene, National Armament Director of the Ministry of Defence of Belgium ARMED FORCES 99 UAS Detection and Countermeasures 38 NATO and Georgian–American Military Relations Sidney E. Dean Eugene Kogan 103 Switzerland’s Second Attempt 43 The NATO Military Engineering Georg Mader Centre of Excellence Team of Authors Index of Advertisers 46 "The technical revolution has changed the nature of conflicts." Airbus 2nd cover Interview with General Edson Leal Pujol, Arms & Security 41 Commander of the Brazilian Army Aviasvit 85 50 Blue Homeland: Turkey’s Naval Exercise Close Combat Symposium 69 Andreea Stoian Karadeli Defense & Security 108 Diehl Aviation 71 54 “The security landscape is rapidly changing.” DSEI Japan 37 Interview with Rear Admiral Nils Andreas Stensønes, ESG 29 Chief of the Royal Norwegian Navy Expodefensa 113 General Atomics Aeronautical 51 General Dynamics European Land Systems 31 ARMAMENT & TECHNOLOGY IAI 83 Kallmann 4-5 57 The Human Aspect in Modern Combat Aircraft Kärcher Futuretech 119 Tamir Eshel Leonardo 59 63 A Long Life for the Spanish EUROFIGHTER Lockheed Martin 7 Esteban Villarejo MSPO 23 MTU Aero Engines 76-77 66 “Our aim is to refrain from taking separate Proengin 117 national approaches.” Raytheon 4th cover Interview with Vice Admiral Carsten Stawitzki, National Rohde & Schwarz 114-115 Armaments Director at the German Ministry of Defence Schiebel 81 68 “Trident Juncture in Norway was Sensonor 3 a priceless opportunity.” Sukhoi 3rd cover, 13 Interview with Morten Tiller, National Armament Taurus Systems 65 Director at the Ministry of Defence of Norway 2 European Security & Defence · 6/2019 109 “All candidates will be evaluated according to the same principles.” Interview with Bernhard Berset, Chief Test Pilot of armasuisse and Project Leader Evaluation NKF GYRO 110 Management Issues Thomas Withington TACTICAL GRADE 116 New Horizons in CBRN Decontamination Dan Kaszeta INDUSTRY AND MARKETS 121 ASELSAN – a High-Growth Company with Global Potential Interview with Osman Devrim Fidancı, Vice President Business Development and Marketing at ASELSAN 122 The Serbian Alternative Developing Defence Export Momentum David Saw 126 “We are redefining aerospace.” Interview with Talel Kamel, 1:1 scale Vice President MEA, Collins Aerospace 127 Joint Fires in South Africa Gerhard Heiming STIM210 is a small, lightweight Three Axis 129 ASDA 2019 Gyro Module for accurate pointing and Igor Tabak stabilization,